A method for fast estimation of uniform region of electromagnetic radiation environment field with ultra-wide band
By establishing empirical functional relationships through aperture radiation theory, the area and boundary of the uniform region of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic radiation environment can be quickly estimated. This solves the problems of long time consumption and high cost in existing technologies, meets the needs of rapid estimation in experimental fields, and improves the efficiency and accuracy of electromagnetic vulnerability experiments and radiation system design for electronic information systems.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINESE PEOPLES LIBERATION ARMY UNIT 63660
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-14
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-05
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for determining uniform regions of ultra-wideband electromagnetic environments are time-consuming, costly, and unsuitable for rapid estimation in experimental settings, making it difficult to meet the needs of electromagnetic vulnerability test layout and radiation system design for electronic information systems.
Based on aperture radiation theory, by establishing an empirical functional relationship between the aperture area of the radiation system, the characteristics of the excitation pulse waveform, and the far-field uniform region, the area and boundary size of the field uniform region can be quickly estimated using a simple calculation formula, avoiding complex numerical simulations or experimental tests.
It enables rapid estimation of uniform regions in ultra-wideband electromagnetic radiation environments, supports the layout of experimental sites and the division of safe zones, and improves the efficiency of field experiments and the accuracy of radiation system design.
Smart Images
Figure CN122153203A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electromagnetic field and microwave technology, specifically relating to a method for rapid estimation of uniform regions in ultra-wideband electromagnetic radiation environment. Background Technology
[0002] The rapid development and widespread application of electronic information technology have brought convenient lifestyles and high-quality services, but have also significantly increased the electromagnetic vulnerability of electronic information equipment and systems. Sufficiently strong electromagnetic signals can cause malfunctions or damage to electronic information equipment and systems, a phenomenon known as intentional electromagnetic interference (EMI). Researching the effect mechanisms and designing protective measures for electronic information systems under EMI is crucial for improving system reliability, while constructing an EMI environment is fundamental to conducting related research and experiments.
[0003] Compared to narrowband time-harmonic signals, which pose an electromagnetic threat at only a single frequency, ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses (UWPPs) disperse energy across multiple frequency points, making it easier to detect vulnerabilities in electronic information systems. Therefore, they are ideal interference sources for electromagnetic vulnerability research. Constructing an UWPP electromagnetic environment using antenna systems is a common method, with the 3dB field uniformity region being a core area of interest in electromagnetic vulnerability experiments. Accurately predicting the area and boundaries of this region is crucial for adapting to experimental objects of different sizes, determining experimental layouts, delineating electromagnetically safe zones, evaluating radiation system performance, and assisting in radiation system design.
[0004] However, existing methods for determining the uniform region of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic environment have significant shortcomings: for radiation systems composed of large-scale array antennas, numerical calculations are time-consuming or even impossible; experimental testing, while obtaining real characteristics, is costly and labor-intensive, and requires retesting after changing the pulse source; theoretical prediction methods are low-cost but struggle to obtain analytical solutions, and like numerical calculations and experimental testing, are unsuitable for rapid application in experimental settings. Therefore, a fast and efficient method for estimating the uniform region of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic radiation environment is urgently needed to address the practical needs of experimental settings. Summary of the Invention
[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved This invention aims to solve the technical problems of existing methods for calculating uniform regions of ultra-wideband electromagnetic environments, such as long time consumption, high cost, large workload, and unsuitability for rapid estimation in experimental fields. It provides a simple, efficient, and accurate estimation method that meets the needs of electromagnetic vulnerability test site layout, safe zone division, radiation system design, and performance evaluation for electronic information systems.
[0006] (II) Technical Solution To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a rapid estimation method for the uniform region of an ultra-wideband electromagnetic radiation environment. Based on aperture radiation theory, this method establishes an empirical functional relationship between the aperture area of the radiation system, the characteristics of the excitation pulse waveform, and the uniform region in the far field, achieving rapid estimation. Its core lies in utilizing readily available radiation system structural parameters and excitation pulse waveform parameters to directly obtain the area and boundary dimensions of the uniform region through simple calculation formulas, avoiding complex numerical simulations or cumbersome experimental tests. The method specifically includes the following steps: S1 Determine the aperture area of the ultra-wideband pulsed radiation system Ultra-wideband pulse radiation systems consist of a single large-aperture antenna or an array antenna, with a rectangular radiating aperture and an area of [area missing]. A .
[0007] When using an array antenna as an ultra-wideband pulse radiation system, the array antenna consists of m × n It consists of (E×H) element antennas, and the aperture size of the element antenna is... a E × a H The spacing between the E-plane antenna elements in the array is dE The H-plane spacing is dH The dimension of the array antenna aperture plane in the E-plane direction is... l E = m ×( a E + dE The dimension in the H-plane direction is l H = n ×( a H + dH The aperture size of the array antenna is... A a = l E × l H When using an array antenna, the operating mode of each array element is synchronous excitation.
[0008] The E-plane spacing or H-plane spacing mentioned above refers to the distance between the edges of adjacent array elements in the E-plane or H-plane direction.
[0009] The array element antenna can be a TEM horn antenna, an electromagnetic combined dipole antenna, or a Vivaldi antenna, etc.
[0010] The unit of the aperture area is m 2 .
[0011] S2 Obtains the time characteristic parameters of the excitation pulse waveform The excitation pulse waveform of the radiation system is a monopole pulse. This excitation pulse waveform is measured, and its full width at half maximum (FWHM) is read as a time characteristic parameter of the excitation pulse waveform. T e .
[0012] The unit of the time feature parameter is s .
[0013] S3 Calculate the radiation characteristic parameters of the radiation system Calculate the radiation characteristic parameters of the radiation system from the parameters in S1 and S2. p The calculation method is as follows:
[0014] in, c It is the speed of light.
[0015] S4 Determine the irradiation distance Select the plane containing the irradiation area and determine the distance between the plane containing the irradiation area and the aperture plane of the radiation system. r The unit is m .
[0016] The plane containing the irradiation area is parallel to the plane of the ultra-wideband pulsed radiation system.
[0017] The center of the irradiation area is located on the normal to the center of the aperture surface of the radiation system, and its center is located in the far region of the radiation system.
[0018] S5 Estimate the area of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic field homogeneity region formed by the radiation of the radiation system. The area of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic environment field homogeneity region is estimated from the radiation characteristic parameters in S3. A 3. The estimation formula is as follows:
[0019] Wherein, coefficient a = -4.42E15, coefficient b = -2.00E12.
[0020] The area of the field uniform region mentioned is the area of the 3 dB uniform region, in units of m 2 .
[0021] The 3 dB uniform region is defined as follows: the peak-to-peak value of the pulsed electric field at the region boundary is 0.707 times the peak-to-peak value of the pulsed electric field at the region center. In other words, the minimum peak-to-peak value of the pulsed electric field at the field point within the region is 0.707 times the maximum value.
[0022] S6 Estimate the 3 dB field strength boundary along the E-plane and H-plane directions. Area of the field homogeneity region estimated from S5 A 3. Based on the aperture size of the radiation system, further estimate the 3 dB field strength boundaries in the E-plane and H-plane directions. The estimation formula is as follows:
[0023]
[0024] The 3 dB field strength boundary unit mentioned above is... m .
[0025] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The method provided by this invention can quickly estimate the uniform region of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic environment field generated by a radiation system under unipolar pulse excitation, such as the region area and the 3 dB field strength boundary, thereby quickly determining the experimental layout of the electromagnetic vulnerability of electronic information systems and dividing electromagnetic safety areas on-site.
[0026] 2. The method provided by this invention can make a preliminary estimate of the radiation performance of an ultra-wideband pulse radiation system at the beginning of its design, providing a valid reference for the design and engineering application of the radiation system.
[0027] 3. The method provided by this invention can quickly estimate the uniform regions of different ultra-wideband electromagnetic fields generated when different pulse sources excite the same set of radiating antennas, which helps to improve the efficiency of field experiments. Attached Figure Description
[0028] Figure 1 This is a front view of the ultra-wideband pulsed radiation system in the embodiment; Figure 2 This is the array element antenna model of the array-type ultra-wideband pulse radiation system in the embodiment; Figure 3 The image shows the excitation pulse waveform of the array-type ultra-wideband pulsed radiation system in the embodiment. Figure 4 This is a top view of the irradiation layout in the embodiment; Figure 5 This provides a schematic diagram of the 3 dB field strength boundary in the uniform region of the ultra-wideband radiation system in the method of this invention.
[0029] Wherein: 1-array element antenna; 2-array antenna radiation aperture composed of array element antennas; 3-ultra-wideband radiation system; 4-plane where the aperture of the ultra-wideband radiation system is located; 5-plane where the irradiated area is located at irradiation distance r; 6-3 dB field uniform region. Detailed Implementation
[0030] The present invention will now be described and explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0031] This invention provides a fast estimation method for uniform regions of ultra-wideband electromagnetic radiation environment, the basic principle of which is: Aperture radiation theory indicates that the characteristics of aperture pulse radiation, such as the time-domain radiation pattern, depend on the aperture area and the tangential electric field waveform on the aperture surface. Typically, the radiation system and the field homogeneous region formed by its equivalent radiating aperture are elliptical. Therefore, based on aperture radiation theory, a relationship can be established between the aperture area, the tangential electric field waveform characteristics on the aperture surface, and the aperture radiation time-domain radiation pattern, thus obtaining an empirical function relationship with the aperture area and the tangential electric field waveform characteristics on the aperture surface as independent variables, and the area of the 3 dB field homogeneity region as the dependent variable. However, in most cases, the tangential electric field waveform on the aperture surface is unknown and depends on the antenna excitation pulse waveform and antenna structure. Numerical simulation results show that the antenna excitation pulse waveform characteristics can be used to equivalently represent the tangential electric field waveform characteristics on the aperture surface, thereby estimating the aperture radiation characteristics. In summary, there is an empirical functional relationship between the area of the uniform region of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic radiation environment and the equivalent aperture area of the radiation system and the characteristic parameters of the excitation pulse waveform. Furthermore, after obtaining the area of the uniform region, the 3 dB field strength boundary can be given based on the inverse relationship between the beamwidth of the radiation pattern and the aperture size in the same direction. This leads to the fast estimation method for the uniform region of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic radiation environment provided by this invention.
[0032] The technical solution of the present invention includes the following steps: S1 Determine the aperture area of the ultra-wideband pulsed radiation system like Figure 1 The image shows a front view of an ultra-wideband pulse radiation system. When the radiation system is a single large-aperture antenna, its radiating aperture area is... A s = l E × l H .
[0033] When the radiation system is an array antenna, for example, using a... Figure 2 The Vivaldi antenna 1 shown is used as an array element to construct an array-type ultra-wideband pulse radiation system. For example... Figure 1 , 2 As shown, the dimensions of the array element antenna 1 are... a E × a H The spacing between the E-plane antenna elements in the array is dE The H-plane spacing is dHThese spacings are the distances between the edges of adjacent array elements in the E-plane or H-plane direction of the antenna array. Therefore, the size of the antenna array's radiating aperture 2 in the E-plane direction can be obtained as follows: l E = m ×( a E + dE The dimension in the H-plane direction is l H = n ×( a H + dH The size of the array antenna aperture 2 is... A a = l E × l H .
[0034] The area unit of the aforementioned radiation aperture is... m 2 .
[0035] When an array antenna is used as an ultra-wideband pulse radiation system, each array element operates in synchronous excitation mode.
[0036] S2 Obtains the time characteristic parameters of the excitation pulse waveform Adopting such Figure 3 The unipolar pulse shown is used as Figure 1 The excitation pulse waveform of the array antenna is shown. The half-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of this excitation pulse waveform is measured and read as a time characteristic parameter. T e The unit is s .
[0037] S3 Calculate the radiation characteristic parameters of the radiation system The radiation characteristic parameters of the array antenna are calculated from the aperture area in S1 and the waveform time characteristic parameters in S2. p The calculation method is as follows:
[0038] in, c It is the speed of light.
[0039] S4 Determine the irradiation distance like Figure 4 The diagram shows a top view of the irradiation layout. The plane containing the aperture of the ultra-wideband pulsed radiation system 3 is designated as 4, and the plane containing the irradiated area is designated as 5. The plane 5 containing the irradiated area is parallel to the plane 4 containing the aperture of the radiation system, and the distance between them is [missing information]. r The unit is m .
[0040] like Figure 4 As shown, the center of the irradiated area is located on the normal to the center of the aperture surface of the radiation system 3, and the center of the irradiated area is located in the far region of the radiation system.
[0041] S5 Estimate the area of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic field homogeneity region formed by the radiation of the radiation system. like Figure 5 The figure shows the 3 dB field homogeneity region 6 of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic environment, derived from the radiation characteristic parameters in S3. p Estimate the area of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic environment 6 A 3, unit is m 2 Its estimation formula is,
[0042] Wherein, coefficient a = -4.42E15, coefficient b = -2.00E12.
[0043] The 3 dB uniform region is defined as follows: the peak-to-peak value of the pulsed electric field at the region boundary is 0.707 times the peak-to-peak value of the pulsed electric field at the region center. In other words, the minimum peak-to-peak value of the pulsed electric field at the field point within the region is 0.707 times the maximum value.
[0044] S6 Estimate the 3 dB field strength boundary along the E-plane and H-plane directions. Area of the field homogeneity region estimated from S5 A 3. Based on the aperture size of the radiation system, further estimate the 3 dB field strength boundaries in the E-plane and H-plane directions, such as... Figure 5 As shown. The estimation formula is,
[0045]
[0046] The 3 dB field strength boundary unit mentioned above is... m .
[0047] To better illustrate the technical solution provided by this invention, the following embodiments are provided. A detailed description and illustration are given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0048] Example In this embodiment, the ultra-wideband pulse radiation system is an array antenna.
[0049] by Figure 2 The Vivaldi antenna 1 shown is used as an array element to construct an 8×12 (E×H) array antenna. The front view of the array antenna's radiating aperture 2 is shown below. Figure 1 As shown.
[0050] Figure 2The Vivaldi antenna shown is a planar end-fire antenna; therefore, its dimensions in the H-plane are negligible. Its dimensions in the E-plane are... a E =0.2 m. Figure 1 The spacing between the E-planes of each array element is dE =0.03 m, H-plane spacing is dH =0.1 m. Dimensions of the array antenna aperture plane in the E-plane direction. l E =1.84 m, dimension in the H-plane direction l H =1.2 m. Therefore, the area of the array antenna's radiating aperture 2 can be calculated as: A a =2.208 m.
[0051] Figure 3 As shown Figure 1 The excitation pulse waveform of the array antenna is a zero-order Gaussian pulse. The half-width at half maximum (FWHM) of this waveform is 0.8 ns, which is used as the waveform's time characteristic parameter. T e =0.8E-9 s.
[0052] The characteristic parameters of the radiation system are calculated from the array antenna aperture area and the temporal characteristic parameters of the excitation pulse waveform. p =38.33, which is a dimensionless quantity.
[0053] Figure 4 The image shown is a top view of the irradiation layout, with the irradiation distance selected. r =50 m.
[0054] Using the rapid estimation method provided by this invention, the area of the 3 dB field uniformity region at a distance of 50 m from which the irradiation is located can be estimated to be approximately 159.89. m 2 ,like Figure 5 As shown, the area of the 3 dB field homogeneity region obtained from numerical simulation is approximately 148.18 m². 2 The estimation error is less than 8%.
[0055] Change Figure 1 The H-plane spacing between the array elements changes the radiating aperture area of the array antenna. A a Furthermore, by employing the rapid estimation method provided by this invention, the radiation aperture area can be estimated under different conditions. Figure 3 The area of the 3 dB field uniformity region at a distance of 50 m when excited by the pulse waveform shown is shown in the table below.
[0056]
[0057] As can be seen from the table above, the estimation method provided by this invention can effectively estimate the area of the uniform region of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic radiation environment field.
[0058] Furthermore, the variation of the 3 dB field strength boundary of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic radiation environment in the H-plane direction can be estimated using the method provided by this invention, as shown in the table below. (The E-plane size of the radiation aperture remains unchanged, therefore its 3 dB field strength boundary remains almost unchanged.)
[0059] As can be seen from the table above, the estimation method provided by this invention can also effectively estimate the 3dB field strength boundary of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic radiation environment.
[0060] The above description, in conjunction with specific embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the inventive concept, and all such modifications and substitutions should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for rapid estimation of a uniform region of ultra-wideband electromagnetic radiation environment field, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The S1 ultra-wideband pulsed radiation system has a rectangular aperture. Determine the area of this aperture. A=l E × l H ; S2 measures the excitation pulse waveform and reads its half-width at half-maximum (WHM) as a time characteristic parameter of the excitation pulse waveform. T e ; S3 is based on the parameters in S1 and S2 and the speed of light. c Calculate the radiation characteristic parameters of the radiation system p The calculation method is as follows ; S4 Determine the distance from the plane containing the irradiated area to the plane containing the aperture of the radiation system. r ; S5 Estimate the area of the 3 dB field homogeneity region in the ultra-wideband electromagnetic radiation environment generated by the ultra-wideband pulsed radiation system. A 3. The estimation formula is as follows: Where, coefficient a = -4.42E15, coefficient b = -2.00E12; Based on the area A3 of the field homogeneity region in S5, the 3 dB field strength boundaries in the H-plane and E-plane directions are further estimated using the following formula: , .
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultra-wideband pulse radiation system is a single large-aperture antenna or an array antenna.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the radiation system is an array antenna, each array element is synchronously excited, and the size... l E = m ×( a E + dE ), l H = n ×( a H + dH ), in, m × n For array size, a E , a H These represent the dimensions of the array element antenna in the E-plane and H-plane directions, respectively. dE , dH These represent the spacing between array elements in the E-plane and H-plane directions, respectively.
4. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that, The array antenna elements can be TEM horn antennas, electromagnetic combined dipole antennas, and Vivaldi antennas, etc., and the element spacing is the distance between the edges of adjacent elements.
5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The array element spacing dE , dH This represents the distance between the edges of adjacent array elements.
6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The excitation pulse is a unipolar pulse.
7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plane containing the irradiation area is parallel to the aperture plane of the ultra-wideband pulsed radiation system, and the center of the irradiation area is located in the far region of the principal axis of the aperture plane of the radiation system.
8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The 3 dB uniform field region refers to the region where the minimum value of the pulse electric field peak-to-peak value reaches 0.707 times the maximum value.
9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The area units involved in the method are all m 2 The length units are all m The time units are all s .
10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The method is used to quickly determine the experimental layout or delineate electromagnetic safety zones at the electromagnetic vulnerability test site.