Wind-solar coupling load control system and method based on solid oxide electrolysis cell

Abstract

The application discloses a wind-solar coupling load control system and method based on a solid oxide electrolytic cell, relates to the technical field of load control, and comprises a solid oxide electrolytic cell, a hydrogen storage system, a storage battery, a super capacitor and a load control system. The solid oxide electrolytic cell, the storage battery and the super capacitor are electrically connected with a wind-solar coupling power generation device through an AC / DC converter. The solid oxide electrolytic cell is connected with the hydrogen storage system. The storage battery and the super capacitor are electrically connected with a power grid through a DC / AC converter, and form a wind-solar distributed off-grid micro grid. The load control system is used for predicting the power generation power change trend of the wind-solar coupling power generation device, and controlling the solid oxide electrolytic cell, the storage battery and the super capacitor to work based on the power generation power change trend. Through the introduction of power prediction, the wind-solar distributed off-grid micro grid can be efficiently controlled in advance, and the stability of the power grid is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of load control technology, and in particular to a wind-solar coupled load control system and method based on a solid oxide electrolytic cell. Background Technology

[0002] Due to their randomness and intermittency, solar and wind power can lead to poor power quality and significant impacts on the power grid, often failing to meet the stability requirements of the power system. This is especially true for large power systems, where fluctuations in power generation can easily spread, posing a risk of system shutdown or even paralysis. Even minor disturbances can cause system-wide failures and unpredictable losses. Independently operating off-grid microgrids offer a novel perspective on addressing these issues.

[0003] However, each existing wind and solar distributed off-grid microgrid consists of a series of micro-power sources and loads, including distributed power sources and energy storage devices of different quantities and types. The control strategies for each component are different, and the power generation and load demand of renewable energy are uncertain, which makes the operation and control optimization of off-grid microgrids more complex. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a wind-solar coupled load control system and method based on a solid oxide electrolytic cell, which can efficiently control wind-solar distributed off-grid microgrids and ensure grid stability.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a wind-solar coupled load control system based on a solid oxide electrolyzer, which includes: a solid oxide electrolyzer, a hydrogen storage system, a battery, a supercapacitor, and a load control system.

[0007] The solid oxide electrolyzer, battery, and supercapacitor are all electrically connected to the wind-solar coupled power generation device via an AC / DC converter. The solid oxide electrolyzer is connected to the hydrogen storage system. The battery and supercapacitor are both electrically connected to the power grid via a DC / AC converter. The wind-solar coupled power generation device is electrically connected to the power grid and includes a wind power generation device and a photovoltaic power generation device.

[0008] The load control system is connected to the solid oxide electrolyzer, the battery, and the supercapacitor respectively. The load control system is used to predict the power generation trend of the wind-solar coupled power generation device and control the operation of the solid oxide electrolyzer, the battery, and the supercapacitor based on the power generation trend. The power generation trend includes rising, falling, and remaining unchanged.

[0009] Secondly, this application provides a wind-solar coupled load control method based on a solid oxide electrolyzer, applied to the aforementioned wind-solar coupled load control system based on a solid oxide electrolyzer. The wind-solar coupled load control method based on a solid oxide electrolyzer includes:

[0010] The power generation trend of the wind-solar coupled power generation device is predicted in the next moment, and the power generation trend is obtained.

[0011] Controlling the operation of solid oxide electrolyzers, batteries, and supercapacitors based on the trend of power generation changes.

[0012] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, this application has the following technical effects:

[0013] This application provides a wind-solar coupled load control system and method based on a solid oxide electrolyzer, including a solid oxide electrolyzer, a hydrogen storage system, a battery, a supercapacitor, and a load control system. The solid oxide electrolyzer, battery, and supercapacitor are all electrically connected to the wind-solar coupled power generation device via AC / DC converters. The solid oxide electrolyzer is connected to the hydrogen storage system, and the battery and supercapacitor are both electrically connected to the power grid via DC / AC converters, forming a wind-solar distributed off-grid microgrid. The load control system is connected to the solid oxide electrolyzer, battery, and supercapacitor for control. The load control system is used to predict the power generation trend of the wind-solar coupled power generation device and control the operation of the solid oxide electrolyzer, battery, and supercapacitor based on the power generation trend. By introducing power prediction, this application can efficiently control the wind-solar distributed off-grid microgrid in advance, ensuring the stability of the power grid. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a wind-solar coupled load control system based on a solid oxide electrolytic cell, provided in Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a wind-solar coupled load control method based on a solid oxide electrolytic cell, provided in Embodiment 2 of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] Example 1

[0019] This embodiment provides a wind-solar coupled load control system based on a solid oxide electrolyzer, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the wind-solar coupled load control system based on a solid oxide electrolyzer includes: a solid oxide electrolyzer, a hydrogen storage system, a battery, a supercapacitor, and a load control system. The solid oxide electrolyzer, battery, and supercapacitor are all electrically connected to the wind-solar coupled power generation device via AC / DC converters. The solid oxide electrolyzer is connected to the hydrogen storage system. The battery and supercapacitor are both electrically connected to the power grid via DC / AC converters. The wind-solar coupled power generation device is also electrically connected to the power grid, and includes a wind power generation device and a photovoltaic power generation device.

[0020] The load control system is connected to the solid oxide electrolyzer, the battery, and the supercapacitor. The load control system is used to predict the power generation trend of the wind-solar coupled power generation device and control the operation of the solid oxide electrolyzer, the battery, and the supercapacitor based on the power generation trend. The power generation trend includes rising, falling, and remaining unchanged.

[0021] This embodiment provides a wind-solar coupled load control system based on a solid oxide electrolyzer. The hydrogen storage system (e.g., a hydrogen storage tank), as a novel energy storage method, combined with new energy power generation (i.e., wind and solar power), effectively suppresses the impact on the grid after large-scale new energy power generation is connected to the grid. The solid oxide electrolyzer, as a controllable load, coordinates and optimizes with other controllable distributed energy sources in the grid, solving the bottleneck problem of large-scale new energy power generation connecting to the grid, efficiently utilizing the curtailed wind and solar power during periods of high new energy power generation, and improving the power quality of new energy power generation. Furthermore, the solid oxide electrolyzer, which produces hydrogen through electrolysis under applied voltage and high temperature, is a promising green hydrogen production technology. Reducing the cost of green hydrogen production is an urgent need for the large-scale industrialization of hydrogen energy. Compared to low-temperature electrolysis, high-temperature electrolysis has lower energy consumption and a higher electrolysis current density. Based on this, this embodiment integrates the hydrogen storage system, solid oxide electrolyzer, battery, and supercapacitor into a wind-solar distributed off-grid microgrid, realizing a closed-loop energy flow system. This not only improves energy utilization efficiency but also significantly enhances the stability and flexibility of the grid.

[0022] When the load demand (i.e., the power demand of the power grid) is less than the total power generation of new energy sources (i.e., the power generation of wind-solar coupled power generation devices), excess wind and solar energy is preferentially consumed by batteries. When the batteries are nearing saturation and the hydrogen storage system has spare capacity, the load control system will activate the solid oxide electrolyzer to operate, converting excess wind and solar energy into hydrogen energy for storage. If the hydrogen storage system is nearing saturation, excess wind and solar energy is consumed by supercapacitors. In the event of a sudden increase in load demand, where the load demand exceeds the total power generation of new energy sources, the load control system will preferentially use the energy in the batteries for power supply. If the battery energy is nearly depleted, it will switch to using the energy in the supercapacitors. Furthermore, this embodiment also performs power prediction, allocating the direction of power flow in advance before a sudden change in the power generation of new energy sources. Due to the certain lag in the response speed of supercapacitors, this prediction mechanism can avoid situations where power cannot be replenished in time when there is a shortage of load demand in extreme cases. This technology not only improves the stability of the power grid but also effectively avoids irreversible damage to devices in extreme cases.

[0023] Example 2

[0024] This embodiment provides a wind-solar coupled load control method based on a solid oxide electrolyzer, applied to the wind-solar coupled load control system based on a solid oxide electrolyzer described in Embodiment 1, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the wind-solar coupled load control method based on a solid oxide electrolyzer includes:

[0025] S1: Predict the power generation trend of the wind-solar coupled power generation device at the next moment to obtain the power generation trend.

[0026] S2: Control the operation of solid oxide electrolyzers, batteries, and supercapacitors based on the trend of power generation changes.

[0027] In this embodiment, the power generation trend of the wind-solar coupled power generation device at the next moment is predicted to obtain the power generation trend, specifically including:

[0028] (1) Based on the wind speed of historical days, a clustering algorithm is used to determine the historical days with wind speeds similar to the predicted day as wind speed similar days, and the next moment belongs to the predicted day.

[0029] The determination of wind speed similarity days is achieved using a clustering method. A clustering algorithm is used to find historical days with wind speeds similar to the predicted day. Specifically, the k-means algorithm is used to find historical days with wind speeds close to those of the three days prior to the prediction date. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0030]

[0031] Where d1 is the Euclidean distance between the three days before the prediction date and the historical date; i is the i-th hour; j is the j-th day among the three days before the prediction date; k is the k-th day among the historical days excluding the three days before the prediction date and located before the prediction date; n is a positive integer; v j,i To predict the wind speed in the i-th hour of the j-th day out of the three days prior; v k,i Let be the wind speed in the i-th hour of the k-th day in history.

[0032] Multiple historical days are pre-defined. For each historical day, the Euclidean distance d1 is calculated using the above formula. The historical day with the smallest d1 is selected as the wind speed similarity day.

[0033] (2) Based on the weather of historical days, a clustering algorithm is used to determine historical days with weather similar to the predicted day as weather similar days.

[0034] According to the standards of the National Meteorological Administration, weather conditions are classified into 47 types: Sunny (daytime), Sunny (nighttime), Partly Cloudy (daytime), Partly Cloudy (nighttime), Overcast, Light Rain, Moderate Rain, Heavy Rain, Rainstorm, Heavy Rainstorm, Extremely Heavy Rainstorm, Thunderstorm, Lightning, Hail, Light Fog, Fog, Haze, Sleet, Light Snow, Moderate Snow, Heavy Snow, Blizzard, Heavy Blizzard, Extremely Heavy Blizzard, Blowing Snow, Freezing Rain, Frost, Wind Force 4, Wind Force 5, Wind Force 6, Wind Force 7, Wind Force 8, Wind Force 9, Wind Force 10, Wind Force 11, Wind Force 12, Wind Force 13, Wind Force 14, Wind Force 15, Wind Force 1 The determination of weather-similar days for winds of force 6 and 17, tornadoes, typhoons, dust storms, blowing dust, sandstorms, severe sandstorms, and extremely severe sandstorms is achieved through clustering. Clustering algorithms are used to find historical days with weather similar to the day before the forecast date. Historical days selected are those with the same weather type as the day before the forecast date and located prior to that day. Specifically, the k-means algorithm is used for simplification. Considering that photovoltaic power stations do not operate at night, the photovoltaic output from 6 AM to 6 PM is compared, resulting in 13 output times. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0035]

[0036] Where d2 is the Euclidean distance between the weather on the day before the forecast and the weather on the historical day; i is the i-th hour; x i To predict the photovoltaic output for the i-th hour under the weather type of the previous day; y i The photovoltaic output for the i-th hour under the weather type of the historical day.

[0037] Multiple historical days are pre-defined. For each historical day, the Euclidean distance d2 is calculated using the above formula, and the historical day with the smallest d2 is selected as the weather similarity day.

[0038] (3) Using the wind power curve of a day with similar wind speed as input, the wind power curve of the predicted day is determined by the trained wind power model. The wind power curve is the curve of the power generation of the wind power generation device changing with time.

[0039] The trained wind power model uses an LSTM neural network. By using the wind power curve of a day with similar wind speeds as input, the wind power curve of the prediction day can be predicted. By using the wind power curve of a day with similar wind speeds as input to the LSTM neural network, the output characteristics of wind power generation can be enhanced, and the wind power curve of the prediction day can be accurately predicted.

[0040] (4) Using the photovoltaic power curve of a day with similar weather as input, the photovoltaic power curve of the predicted day is determined by the trained photovoltaic model. The photovoltaic power curve is the curve of the change of the power generation of the photovoltaic power generation device over time.

[0041] The trained photovoltaic model uses an LSTM neural network that considers weather factors. By using the photovoltaic power curves of similar weather days as input, the photovoltaic power curve of the predicted day can be predicted. By using the photovoltaic power curves of similar weather days with the same weather type as input to the LSTM neural network, the characteristics of weather factors are further enhanced, the output characteristics of photovoltaic power generation are strengthened, and the photovoltaic power curve of the predicted day can be accurately predicted.

[0042] This embodiment uses two metrics, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), to verify the prediction accuracy of wind and solar power generation. RMSE calculates the deviation between the predicted and actual values, while MAE verifies the prediction error. The expressions for MAE and RMSE are as follows:

[0043]

[0044] Where m is the number of predictions; x 0,i x is the predicted value for the i-th prediction; r,i Let be the actual value predicted in the i-th time.

[0045] (5) Based on the wind power curve and the photovoltaic power curve at the current time and the forecast date, determine the power generation trend at the next time.

[0046] Based on the wind power curve and photovoltaic power curve of the forecast date, the power generation at each moment of the forecast date can be determined. Then, combined with the current moment, the power generation at the next moment can be determined. By calculating the difference between the power generation at the next moment and the power generation at the current moment, the trend of power generation change at the next moment can be determined.

[0047] In a wind-solar coupled load system, the power balance equation is established as follows:

[0048] P w +P pv =P load +P baI +P caI +P ec ;

[0049] Among them, P w P represents the power output of a wind power generation device. pv P represents the power output of a photovoltaic power generation device. load P represents the power demand of the power grid. baI The charging power of the storage battery; P caI The charging power of the supercapacitor; P ec This represents the power of the solid oxide electrolytic cell.

[0050] If the wind-solar coupled power generation unit is not connected to the grid, i.e., not connected to the grid, the grid's power demand is zero. In this case, battery storage is prioritized, and the operating mode is: P baI =P w +P pv The operating conditions are: P baImin ≤P baI ≤P baImax , where P baImin P is the lower limit of the charging power of the battery. baImax This is the upper limit of the charging power of the battery.

[0051] If the battery reaches saturation, a solid oxide electrolyzer is used for hydrogen energy storage, with the following operating formula: P ec =P pv +P w The operating conditions are: Among them, P ecN P is the rated power of the solid oxide electrolytic cell. H2min P is the lower pressure limit for hydrogen storage systems. H2 For the pressure of the hydrogen storage system, P H2max This represents the upper pressure limit for the hydrogen storage system.

[0052] If the pressure of the hydrogen storage system reaches its upper pressure limit, a supercapacitor is used for electrical energy storage, and the operating formula is: P caI =P w +P pv The operating conditions are: P caImin ≤P caI ≤P caImax , where P caImin P is the lower limit of the charging power of a supercapacitor. caImaxThis is the upper limit of the charging power of the supercapacitor.

[0053] If the wind-solar coupled power generation unit is connected to the grid, and the grid's power demand is not zero and there is no power deficit (i.e., the power generation of the wind-solar coupled power generation unit is greater than or equal to the grid's power demand), then batteries are preferentially used for energy storage, and the operating mode is: P baI =P w +P pv -P load The operating conditions are: P baImin ≤P baI ≤P baImax .

[0054] If the battery reaches saturation, a solid oxide electrolyzer is used for hydrogen energy storage, with the following operating formula: P ec =P pv +P w -P load The operating conditions are:

[0055] If the pressure of the hydrogen storage system reaches its upper pressure limit, a supercapacitor is used for electrical energy storage, and the operating formula is: P caI =P w +P pv -P load The operating conditions are: P caImin ≤P caI ≤P caImax .

[0056] If the wind-solar coupled power generation unit is connected to the grid, the grid's power demand is not zero, and there is a power deficit (i.e., the power generated by the wind-solar coupled power generation unit is less than the grid's power demand). The solid oxide electrolyzer then enters a standby heat preservation state, operating as follows: Among them, P baO P represents the discharge power of the battery. caO P represents the discharge power of the supercapacitor. ecD This refers to the power required for standby heat preservation of the solid oxide electrolytic cell.

[0057] Based on LSTM neural network power prediction, load flow control, in addition to meeting the above-mentioned operating mode and conditions, also relies on the predicted wind and solar power output values ​​for load flow control. The predicted wind and solar power output values ​​fall into three categories: the wind and solar power output values ​​increase at the next moment (i.e., the power generation trend is upward); the wind and solar power output values ​​decrease at the next moment (i.e., the power generation trend is downward); and the wind and solar power output values ​​remain unchanged at the next moment (i.e., the power generation trend is unchanged). In these cases, control is implemented in four scenarios: the system is in an off-grid state; the system is in a grid-connected state, and a sudden increase in wind and solar power output values ​​is predicted; the system is in a grid-connected state, and a sudden decrease in wind and solar power output values ​​is predicted; and the system is in a grid-connected state, and no change in wind and solar power output values ​​is predicted. When power is insufficient, the system prioritizes the use of battery energy, followed by supercapacitor energy. Simultaneously, if a significant increase in wind and solar power output is predicted (i.e., the increase exceeds the preset value), the upper limit of the hydrogen storage system pressure will be lowered by 20% to prevent errors in system monitoring due to the lag of the hydrogen storage system, which could damage the hydrogen storage system when hydrogen levels increase significantly. Similarly, if a significant decrease in wind and solar power output is predicted (i.e., the decrease exceeds the preset value), the lower limit of the hydrogen storage system pressure will be raised by 20%.

[0058] In this embodiment, the operation of the solid oxide electrolyzer, battery, and supercapacitor is controlled based on the trend of power generation variation, specifically including:

[0059] (1) If the power generation trend is upward, determine whether the power generation of the wind-solar coupled power generation device at the current moment is less than the power demand of the grid; if so, control the solid oxide electrolytic cell to be in standby heat preservation state, control the battery to supply power to the grid, and control the supercapacitor to not work; if not, use the remaining power generation of the wind-solar coupled power generation device to charge the solid oxide electrolytic cell, battery and supercapacitor; the remaining power generation of the wind-solar coupled power generation device is the difference between the power generation and the power demand.

[0060] (2) If the power generation trend is downward, determine whether the power generation of the wind-solar coupled power generation device at the current moment is less than the power demand of the grid; if yes, determine whether the discharge power of the battery is less than 1.2 times the lower limit of the battery discharge power, and obtain the first judgment result; if the first judgment result is no, control the solid oxide electrolytic cell to be in standby heat preservation state, control the battery to supply power to the grid, and control the supercapacitor to not work; if the first judgment result is yes, determine whether the discharge power of the supercapacitor is less than 1.1 times the lower limit of the supercapacitor discharge power, and obtain the second judgment result; if the second judgment result is yes, control the solid oxide electrolytic cell, battery and supercapacitor to not work; if the second judgment result is no, control the solid oxide electrolytic cell to be in standby heat preservation state, control the battery to not work, and control the supercapacitor to supply power to the grid; if no, use the remaining power generation of the wind-solar coupled power generation device to charge the solid oxide electrolytic cell, battery and supercapacitor.

[0061] (3) If the power generation trend remains unchanged, determine whether the power generation of the wind-solar coupled power generation device at the current moment is less than the power demand of the grid; if yes, determine whether the discharge power of the battery is less than the lower limit of the battery discharge power, and obtain the third judgment result; if the third judgment result is no, control the solid oxide electrolytic cell to be in standby heat preservation state, control the battery to supply power to the grid, and control the supercapacitor to not work; if the third judgment result is yes, determine whether the discharge power of the supercapacitor is less than the lower limit of the supercapacitor discharge power, and obtain the fourth judgment result; if the fourth judgment result is yes, control the solid oxide electrolytic cell, battery and supercapacitor to not work; if the fourth judgment result is no, control the solid oxide electrolytic cell to be in standby heat preservation state, control the battery to not work, and control the supercapacitor to supply power to the grid; if no, use the remaining power generation of the wind-solar coupled power generation device to charge the solid oxide electrolytic cell, battery and supercapacitor.

[0062] When controlling the battery to supply power to the grid, the battery's discharge power is P. load +P ecD -ΔP,P load For the required power, P ecD The power required for standby heat preservation of the solid oxide electrolytic cell is given by ΔP, where ΔP is the power generated, and ΔP = P. w +P pv When controlling the supercapacitor to supply power to the grid, the discharge power of the supercapacitor is P. load +P ecD -ΔP,P load For the required power, P ecD ΔP represents the power required for standby heat preservation of the solid oxide electrolytic cell, and ΔP represents the power generated.

[0063] Specifically, the use of surplus power generated by the wind-solar coupled power generation device to charge the solid oxide electrolyzer, storage battery, and supercapacitor includes:

[0064] (1) Determine whether the remaining power generation of the wind-solar coupled power generation device is less than or equal to the upper limit of the charging power of the battery, and obtain the first judgment result.

[0065] (2) If the first judgment result is yes, then the remaining power generation of the wind-solar coupled power generation device is used to charge the battery.

[0066] (3) If the first judgment result is negative, then determine whether the remaining power generation of the wind-solar coupled power generation device is less than or equal to the sum of the upper limit of the charging power of the battery and the rated power of the solid oxide electrolytic cell, and obtain the second judgment result.

[0067] (4) If the second judgment result is yes, then the remaining power generation of the wind-solar coupled power generation device is used to charge the storage battery and solid oxide electrolytic cell.

[0068] (5) If the second judgment result is negative, then determine whether the remaining power generation of the wind-solar coupled power generation device is less than or equal to the sum of the upper limit of the charging power of the battery, the rated power of the solid oxide electrolytic cell and the upper limit of the charging power of the supercapacitor.

[0069] (6) If so, the remaining power generated by the wind-solar coupled power generation device is used to charge the storage battery, solid oxide electrolytic cell and supercapacitor.

[0070] (7) If not, the remaining power generated by the wind-solar coupled power generation device is used to charge the storage battery, solid oxide electrolytic cell and supercapacitor, provided that part of the power generation is discarded.

[0071] Specifically, the use of the surplus power generated by the wind-solar coupled power generation device to charge the battery includes:

[0072] (1) Determine whether the remaining power generation of the wind-solar coupled power generation device is less than the lower limit of the charging power of the battery, and obtain the third judgment result.

[0073] (2) If the third judgment result is yes, then discard the remaining power generation.

[0074] (3) If the third judgment result is negative, the remaining power generation is used to charge the battery. The charging power of the battery is equal to the remaining power generation, and it is determined whether the battery is fully charged to obtain the fourth judgment result.

[0075] (4) If the fourth judgment result is yes, then control the battery to stop charging, and judge whether the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is less than the upper limit of the hydrogen storage system to obtain the fifth judgment result.

[0076] If the fourth judgment result is negative, then return to the step of "using the remaining power generation to charge the battery, and the charging power of the battery is equal to the remaining power generation".

[0077] (5) If the fifth judgment result is yes, the remaining power generation is used to charge the solid oxide electrolyzer. The charging power of the solid oxide electrolyzer is equal to the remaining power generation, and the process returns to the step of "judging whether the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is less than the upper limit of the pressure of the hydrogen storage system".

[0078] (6) If the fifth judgment result is negative, then control the solid oxide electrolytic cell to stop working, judge whether the supercapacitor is fully charged, and obtain the sixth judgment result.

[0079] (7) If the result of the sixth judgment is negative, the supercapacitor is charged using the remaining power generation. The charging power of the supercapacitor is equal to the remaining power generation, and the process returns to the step of "determining whether the supercapacitor is fully charged".

[0080] (8) If the result of the sixth judgment is yes, then control the supercapacitor to stop working and discard the remaining power generation.

[0081] Specifically, the use of the surplus power generated by the wind-solar coupled power generation device to charge the storage battery and solid oxide electrolytic cell includes:

[0082] (1) Determine whether the battery is fully charged to obtain the third judgment result.

[0083] (2) If the third judgment result is negative, then judge whether the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is less than the upper limit of the pressure of the hydrogen storage system, and obtain the fourth judgment result.

[0084] (3) If the fourth judgment result is yes, then the remaining power generation is used to charge the battery and the solid oxide electrolytic cell. The charging power of the battery is equal to the upper limit of the battery charging power, and the charging power of the solid oxide electrolytic cell is equal to the difference between the remaining power generation and the upper limit of the battery charging power. Then return to the step of "judging whether the battery is fully charged".

[0085] (4) If the fourth judgment result is negative, then control the solid oxide electrolytic cell to stop working, judge whether the supercapacitor is fully charged, and obtain the fifth judgment result.

[0086] (5) If the fifth judgment result is negative, the remaining power generation is used to charge the battery and the supercapacitor. The charging power of the battery is equal to the upper limit of the battery charging power, and the charging power of the supercapacitor is equal to the difference between the remaining power generation and the upper limit of the battery charging power. Then return to the step of "determine whether the battery is fully charged".

[0087] (6) If the fifth judgment result is yes, then control the supercapacitor to stop working, use the remaining power generation to charge the battery. The charging power of the battery is equal to the upper limit of the charging power of the battery. Discard the difference between the remaining power generation and the upper limit of the charging power of the battery, and return to the step of "determine whether the battery is fully charged".

[0088] (7) If the third judgment result is yes, then control the battery to stop working, and judge whether the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is less than the upper limit of the hydrogen storage system pressure to obtain the sixth judgment result.

[0089] (8) If the result of the sixth judgment is yes, the remaining power generation is used to charge the solid oxide electrolyzer. The charging power of the solid oxide electrolyzer is equal to the remaining power generation, and the process returns to the step of "judging whether the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is less than the upper limit of the pressure of the hydrogen storage system".

[0090] (9) If the result of the sixth judgment is negative, then control the solid oxide electrolytic cell to stop working, determine whether the supercapacitor is fully charged, and obtain the result of the seventh judgment.

[0091] (10) If the result of the seventh judgment is negative, the supercapacitor is charged using the remaining power generation. The charging power of the supercapacitor is equal to the remaining power generation, and the process returns to the step of "determining whether the supercapacitor is fully charged".

[0092] (11) If the result of the seventh judgment is yes, then control the supercapacitor to stop working and discard the remaining power generation.

[0093] Specifically, the use of surplus power generated by the wind-solar coupled power generation unit to charge the storage battery, solid oxide electrolytic cell, and supercapacitor includes:

[0094] (1) Determine whether the battery is fully charged to obtain the third judgment result.

[0095] (2) If the third judgment result is negative, then judge whether the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is less than the upper limit of the pressure of the hydrogen storage system, and obtain the fourth judgment result.

[0096] (3) If the fourth judgment result is yes, then determine whether the supercapacitor is fully charged and obtain the fifth judgment result.

[0097] (4) If the fifth judgment result is negative, the remaining power generation is used to charge the battery, solid oxide electrolytic cell and supercapacitor. The charging power of the battery is equal to the upper limit of the charging power of the battery, the charging power of the solid oxide electrolytic cell is equal to the rated power of the solid oxide electrolytic cell, and the charging power of the supercapacitor is equal to the difference between the remaining power generation, the upper limit of the charging power of the battery and the rated power of the solid oxide electrolytic cell. Then return to the step of "determine whether the battery is fully charged".

[0098] (5) If the fifth judgment result is yes, then control the supercapacitor to stop working, and use the remaining power generation to charge the battery and solid oxide electrolytic cell. The charging power of the battery is equal to the upper limit of the charging power of the battery, and the charging power of the solid oxide electrolytic cell is equal to the rated power of the solid oxide electrolytic cell. Discard the difference between the remaining power generation and the upper limit of the charging power of the battery and the rated power of the solid oxide electrolytic cell, and return to the step of "judging whether the battery is fully charged".

[0099] (6) If the fourth judgment result is negative, then control the solid oxide electrolytic cell to stop working, judge whether the supercapacitor is fully charged, and obtain the sixth judgment result.

[0100] (7) If the result of the sixth judgment is negative, the remaining power generation is used to charge the battery and the supercapacitor. The charging power of the battery is equal to the upper limit of the charging power of the battery, and the charging power of the supercapacitor is equal to the difference between the remaining power generation and the upper limit of the charging power of the battery. Then return to the step of "determine whether the battery is fully charged".

[0101] (8) If the result of the sixth judgment is yes, then control the supercapacitor to stop working, use the remaining power generation to charge the battery, the charging power of the battery is equal to the upper limit of the charging power of the battery, discard the difference between the remaining power generation and the upper limit of the charging power of the battery, and return to the step of "determine whether the battery is fully charged".

[0102] (9) If the third judgment result is yes, then control the battery to stop working, and judge whether the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is less than the upper limit of the hydrogen storage system pressure to obtain the seventh judgment result.

[0103] (10) If the result of the seventh judgment is yes, then determine whether the supercapacitor is fully charged and obtain the result of the eighth judgment.

[0104] (11) If the result of the eighth judgment is negative, the remaining power generation is used to charge the solid oxide electrolyzer and the supercapacitor. The charging power of the solid oxide electrolyzer is equal to the rated power of the solid oxide electrolyzer, and the charging power of the supercapacitor is equal to the difference between the remaining power generation and the rated power of the solid oxide electrolyzer. Then, the process of "judging whether the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is less than the upper limit of the pressure of the hydrogen storage system" is returned.

[0105] (12) If the result of the eighth judgment is yes, then control the supercapacitor to stop working, use the remaining power generation to charge the solid oxide electrolyzer, the charging power of the solid oxide electrolyzer is equal to the rated power of the solid oxide electrolyzer, discard the difference between the remaining power generation and the rated power of the solid oxide electrolyzer, and return to the step of "judging whether the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is less than the upper limit of the pressure of the hydrogen storage system".

[0106] (13) If the result of the seventh judgment is negative, then control the solid oxide electrolytic cell to stop working, determine whether the supercapacitor is fully charged, and obtain the result of the ninth judgment.

[0107] (14) If the result of the ninth judgment is negative, the remaining power generation is used to charge the supercapacitor. The charging power of the supercapacitor is equal to the remaining power generation, and the process returns to the step of "determining whether the supercapacitor is fully charged".

[0108] (15) If the result of the ninth judgment is yes, then control the supercapacitor to stop working and discard the remaining power generation.

[0109] This includes, while discarding some of the generated power, utilizing the remaining power from the wind-solar coupled power generation unit to charge the batteries, solid oxide electrolyzers, and supercapacitors, specifically including:

[0110] (1) Determine whether the battery is fully charged to obtain the third judgment result.

[0111] (2) If the third judgment result is negative, then judge whether the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is less than the upper limit of the pressure of the hydrogen storage system, and obtain the fourth judgment result.

[0112] (3) If the fourth judgment result is yes, then determine whether the supercapacitor is fully charged and obtain the fifth judgment result.

[0113] (4) If the fifth judgment result is negative, the remaining power generation is used to charge the battery, solid oxide electrolyzer and supercapacitor. The charging power of the battery is equal to the upper limit of the charging power of the battery, the charging power of the solid oxide electrolyzer is equal to the rated power of the solid oxide electrolyzer, and the charging power of the supercapacitor is equal to the upper limit of the charging power of the supercapacitor. The difference between the remaining power generation and the upper limit of the charging power of the battery, the rated power of the solid oxide electrolyzer and the upper limit of the charging power of the supercapacitor is discarded, and the process returns to the step of "judging whether the battery is fully charged".

[0114] (5) If the fifth judgment result is yes, then control the supercapacitor to stop working, and use the remaining power generation to charge the battery and solid oxide electrolytic cell. The charging power of the battery is equal to the upper limit of the charging power of the battery, and the charging power of the solid oxide electrolytic cell is equal to the rated power of the solid oxide electrolytic cell. Discard the difference between the remaining power generation and the upper limit of the charging power of the battery and the rated power of the solid oxide electrolytic cell, and return to the step of "judging whether the battery is fully charged".

[0115] (6) If the fourth judgment result is negative, then control the solid oxide electrolytic cell to stop working, judge whether the supercapacitor is fully charged, and obtain the sixth judgment result.

[0116] (7) If the result of the sixth judgment is negative, the remaining power generation is used to charge the battery and the supercapacitor. The charging power of the battery is equal to the upper limit of the charging power of the battery and the charging power of the supercapacitor is equal to the upper limit of the charging power of the supercapacitor. The difference between the remaining power generation and the upper limit of the charging power of the battery and the upper limit of the charging power of the supercapacitor is discarded, and the process returns to the step of "determining whether the battery is fully charged".

[0117] (8) If the result of the sixth judgment is yes, then control the supercapacitor to stop working, use the remaining power generation to charge the battery, the charging power of the battery is equal to the upper limit of the charging power of the battery, discard the difference between the remaining power generation and the upper limit of the charging power of the battery, and return to the step of "determine whether the battery is fully charged".

[0118] (9) If the third judgment result is yes, then control the battery to stop working, and judge whether the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is less than the upper limit of the hydrogen storage system pressure to obtain the seventh judgment result.

[0119] (10) If the result of the seventh judgment is yes, then determine whether the supercapacitor is fully charged and obtain the result of the eighth judgment.

[0120] (11) If the result of the eighth judgment is negative, the remaining power generation is used to charge the solid oxide electrolyzer and the supercapacitor. The charging power of the solid oxide electrolyzer is equal to the rated power of the solid oxide electrolyzer, and the charging power of the supercapacitor is equal to the upper limit of the charging power of the supercapacitor. The difference between the remaining power generation and the rated power of the solid oxide electrolyzer and the upper limit of the charging power of the supercapacitor is discarded, and the process returns to the step of "judging whether the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is less than the upper limit of the pressure of the hydrogen storage system".

[0121] (12) If the result of the eighth judgment is yes, then control the supercapacitor to stop working, use the remaining power generation to charge the solid oxide electrolyzer, the charging power of the solid oxide electrolyzer is equal to the rated power of the solid oxide electrolyzer, discard the difference between the remaining power generation and the rated power of the solid oxide electrolyzer, and return to the step of "judging whether the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is less than the upper limit of the pressure of the hydrogen storage system".

[0122] (13) If the result of the seventh judgment is negative, then control the solid oxide electrolytic cell to stop working, determine whether the supercapacitor is fully charged, and obtain the result of the ninth judgment.

[0123] (14) If the result of the ninth judgment is negative, the remaining power generation is used to charge the supercapacitor. The charging power of the supercapacitor is equal to the upper limit of the charging power of the supercapacitor. The difference between the remaining power generation and the upper limit of the charging power of the supercapacitor is discarded, and the process returns to the step of "determining whether the supercapacitor is fully charged".

[0124] (15) If the result of the ninth judgment is negative, then control the supercapacitor to stop working and discard the remaining power generation.

[0125] When in an off-grid state, the power generated by the wind-solar coupled power generation device is used to charge the solid oxide electrolyzer, battery, and supercapacitor. This process is exactly the same as using the remaining power generated by the wind-solar coupled power generation device to charge the solid oxide electrolyzer, battery, and supercapacitor. Only the remaining power generated needs to be replaced with the generated power.

[0126] This embodiment provides a load regulation strategy for a wind-solar-hydrogen coupling system that considers the operational characteristics of the hydrogen production system (i.e., solid oxide electrolyzer and hydrogen storage system). This optimizes the operational strategies of both the hydrogen production and power supply systems. Compared to typical hydrogen production systems, this system treats hydrogen production as a flexible and adjustable resource, improving renewable energy integration and system economics. To address the issue of uneven and fluctuating wind and solar power output, an LSTM neural network algorithm is used to accurately predict wind and solar power output. Furthermore, an energy flow control scheme is proposed to address excessive load fluctuations. This load control strategy can correctly plan the direction of power flow changes during periods of significant load variation. Simultaneously, the load control system, comprised of a solid oxide electrolyzer, battery, supercapacitor, and combined hydrogen storage system, can handle various load power variations, improving the stability of the wind-solar-hydrogen storage grid connection.

[0127] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0128] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A wind-solar coupled load control system based on a solid oxide electrolyzer, characterized in that, The wind-solar coupled load control system based on a solid oxide electrolyzer includes: a solid oxide electrolyzer, a hydrogen storage system, a battery, a supercapacitor, and a load control system. The solid oxide electrolyzer, battery, and supercapacitor are all electrically connected to the wind-solar coupled power generation device via an AC / DC converter. The solid oxide electrolyzer is connected to the hydrogen storage system. The battery and supercapacitor are both electrically connected to the power grid via a DC / AC converter. The wind-solar coupled power generation device is electrically connected to the power grid and includes a wind power generation device and a photovoltaic power generation device. The load control system is connected to the solid oxide electrolyzer, the battery, and the supercapacitor respectively. The load control system is used to predict the power generation trend of the wind-solar coupled power generation device and control the operation of the solid oxide electrolyzer, the battery, and the supercapacitor based on the power generation trend. The power generation trend includes rising, falling, and remaining unchanged.

2. A wind-solar coupled load control method based on a solid oxide electrolyzer, applied to the wind-solar coupled load control system based on a solid oxide electrolyzer as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The wind-solar coupled load control method based on solid oxide electrolyzers includes: The power generation trend of the wind-solar coupled power generation device is predicted in the next moment, and the power generation trend is obtained. Controlling the operation of solid oxide electrolyzers, batteries, and supercapacitors based on the trend of power generation changes.

3. The wind-solar coupled load control method based on a solid oxide electrolyzer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power generation trend of the wind-solar coupled power generation device is predicted at the next moment, and the power generation trend is obtained, specifically including: Based on historical wind speeds, a clustering algorithm is used to identify historical days with wind speeds similar to the predicted day as wind speed similarity days; the next moment belongs to the predicted day; Based on historical weather data, a clustering algorithm is used to identify historical days with weather similar to the predicted day as weather-similar days. Using the wind power curves of days with similar wind speeds as input, the wind power curves of the predicted days are determined using a trained wind power model; the wind power curves are the curves showing the change in the power generation of wind power generation devices over time. Using the photovoltaic power curves of days with similar weather as input, the trained photovoltaic model is used to determine the photovoltaic power curve for the predicted day; the photovoltaic power curve is the curve showing the change in the power generation of the photovoltaic power generation device over time. Based on the wind power curve and the photovoltaic power curve at the current time and the forecast date, the trend of power generation change at the next time point is determined.

4. The wind-solar coupled load control method based on a solid oxide electrolyzer according to claim 2, characterized in that, Controlling the operation of solid oxide electrolyzers, batteries, and supercapacitors based on power generation variation trends specifically includes: If the power generation trend is upward, determine whether the power generation of the wind-solar coupled power generation device at the current moment is less than the power demand of the grid; if so, control the solid oxide electrolyzer to be in standby heat preservation state, control the battery to supply power to the grid, and control the supercapacitor to not work; if not, use the remaining power generation of the wind-solar coupled power generation device to charge the solid oxide electrolyzer, battery and supercapacitor; the remaining power generation of the wind-solar coupled power generation device is the difference between the power generation and the power demand. If the power generation trend is downward, determine whether the power generation of the wind-solar coupled power generation device at the current moment is less than the power demand of the grid; if yes, determine whether the discharge power of the battery is less than 1.2 times the lower limit of the battery's discharge power, and obtain the first judgment result; if the first judgment result is no, control the solid oxide electrolyzer to be in standby heat preservation state, control the battery to supply power to the grid, and control the supercapacitor to not work; if the first judgment result is yes, determine whether the discharge power of the supercapacitor is less than 1.1 times the lower limit of the supercapacitor's discharge power, and obtain the second judgment result; if the second judgment result is yes, control the solid oxide electrolyzer, battery, and supercapacitor to not work; if the second judgment result is no, control the solid oxide electrolyzer to be in standby heat preservation state, control the battery to not work, and control the supercapacitor to supply power to the grid; if no, use the remaining power generation of the wind-solar coupled power generation device to charge the solid oxide electrolyzer, battery, and supercapacitor; If the power generation trend remains unchanged, determine whether the power generation of the wind-solar coupled power generation device at the current moment is less than the power demand of the grid; if yes, determine whether the discharge power of the battery is less than the lower limit of the battery's discharge power, and obtain the third judgment result; if the third judgment result is no, control the solid oxide electrolyzer to be in standby heat preservation state, control the battery to supply power to the grid, and control the supercapacitor to not work; if the third judgment result is yes, determine whether the discharge power of the supercapacitor is less than the lower limit of the supercapacitor's discharge power, and obtain the fourth judgment result; if the fourth judgment result is yes, control the solid oxide electrolyzer, battery, and supercapacitor to not work; if the fourth judgment result is no, control the solid oxide electrolyzer to be in standby heat preservation state, control the battery to not work, and control the supercapacitor to supply power to the grid; if no, use the remaining power generation of the wind-solar coupled power generation device to charge the solid oxide electrolyzer, battery, and supercapacitor.

5. The wind-solar coupled load control method based on a solid oxide electrolyzer according to claim 4, characterized in that, When controlling the battery to supply power to the grid, the battery's discharge power is P. load +P ecD -ΔP,P load For the required power, P ecD ΔP represents the power required for standby heat preservation of the solid oxide electrolytic cell, and ΔP represents the power generated. When controlling the supercapacitor to supply power to the grid, the discharge power of the supercapacitor is P. load +P ecD -ΔP,P load For the required power, P ecD ΔP represents the power required for standby heat preservation of the solid oxide electrolytic cell, and ΔP represents the power generated.

6. The wind-solar coupled load control method based on a solid oxide electrolyzer according to claim 4, characterized in that, Utilizing the surplus power generated by wind-solar coupled power generation devices to charge solid oxide electrolyzers, batteries, and supercapacitors, specifically including: Determine whether the remaining power generation capacity of the wind-solar coupled power generation device is less than or equal to the upper limit of the battery charging power to obtain the first judgment result; If the first judgment result is yes, then the remaining power generated by the wind-solar coupled power generation device will be used to charge the battery; If the first judgment result is negative, then determine whether the remaining power generation of the wind-solar coupled power generation device is less than or equal to the sum of the upper limit of the charging power of the battery and the rated power of the solid oxide electrolytic cell, and obtain the second judgment result. If the second judgment result is yes, then the remaining power generated by the wind-solar coupled power generation device will be used to charge the storage battery and solid oxide electrolytic cell; If the second judgment result is negative, then determine whether the remaining power generation of the wind-solar coupled power generation device is less than or equal to the sum of the upper limit of the charging power of the battery, the rated power of the solid oxide electrolytic cell and the upper limit of the charging power of the supercapacitor. If so, the remaining power generated by the wind-solar coupled power generation device will be used to charge the storage battery, solid oxide electrolytic cell and supercapacitor; If not, then the remaining power generated by the wind-solar coupled power generation device will be used to charge the batteries, solid oxide electrolyzers, and supercapacitors, while discarding some of the generated power.

7. The wind-solar coupled load control method based on a solid oxide electrolyzer according to claim 6, characterized in that, Utilizing the surplus power generated by the wind-solar coupled power generation unit to charge the storage battery, specifically including: The third judgment result is obtained by determining whether the remaining power generation of the wind-solar coupled power generation device is less than the lower limit of the charging power of the battery; If the third judgment result is yes, then the remaining power generation capacity is discarded; If the third judgment result is negative, the remaining power generation is used to charge the battery. The charging power of the battery is equal to the remaining power generation, and it is then determined whether the battery is fully charged to obtain the fourth judgment result. If the fourth judgment result is yes, then control the battery to stop charging, and determine whether the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is less than the upper pressure limit of the hydrogen storage system to obtain the fifth judgment result; If the fifth judgment result is yes, then the remaining power generation is used to charge the solid oxide electrolyzer. The charging power of the solid oxide electrolyzer is equal to the remaining power generation, and the process returns to the step of "judging whether the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is less than the upper limit of the pressure of the hydrogen storage system". If the fifth judgment result is negative, then the solid oxide electrolytic cell is controlled to stop working, and the supercapacitor is judged to be fully charged to obtain the sixth judgment result; If the result of the sixth judgment is negative, the remaining power generation is used to charge the supercapacitor. The charging power of the supercapacitor is equal to the remaining power generation, and the process returns to the step of "determining whether the supercapacitor is fully charged". If the result of the sixth judgment is yes, then the supercapacitor will be controlled to stop working and discard the remaining power generation.

8. The wind-solar coupled load control method based on a solid oxide electrolyzer according to claim 6, characterized in that, Utilizing the surplus power generated by the wind-solar coupled power generation unit to charge the storage battery and solid oxide electrolyzer, specifically including: Determine if the battery is fully charged to obtain a third judgment result; If the third judgment result is negative, then the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is judged to be less than the upper pressure limit of the hydrogen storage system, and the fourth judgment result is obtained. If the fourth judgment result is yes, then the remaining power generation is used to charge the battery and the solid oxide electrolyzer. The charging power of the battery is equal to the upper limit of the battery's charging power, and the charging power of the solid oxide electrolyzer is equal to the difference between the remaining power generation and the upper limit of the battery's charging power. Then return to the step of "determine if the battery is fully charged". If the fourth judgment result is negative, then the solid oxide electrolytic cell is controlled to stop working, and the supercapacitor is judged to be fully charged to obtain the fifth judgment result; If the fifth judgment result is negative, the remaining power generation is used to charge the battery and supercapacitor. The charging power of the battery is equal to the upper limit of the battery's charging power, and the charging power of the supercapacitor is equal to the difference between the remaining power generation and the upper limit of the battery's charging power. Then, the process returns to the step of "determining whether the battery is fully charged". If the fifth judgment result is yes, then control the supercapacitor to stop working, use the remaining power generation to charge the battery. The charging power of the battery is equal to the upper limit of the battery's charging power. Discard the difference between the remaining power generation and the upper limit of the battery's charging power, and return to the "determine if the battery is fully charged" step. If the third judgment result is yes, then control the battery to stop working, and determine whether the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is less than the upper limit of the hydrogen storage system pressure to obtain the sixth judgment result; If the result of the sixth judgment is yes, then the remaining power generation is used to charge the solid oxide electrolyzer. The charging power of the solid oxide electrolyzer is equal to the remaining power generation, and the process returns to the step of "judging whether the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is less than the upper limit of the pressure of the hydrogen storage system". If the sixth judgment result is negative, then the solid oxide electrolytic cell is controlled to stop working, and the supercapacitor is judged to be fully charged, thus obtaining the seventh judgment result; If the result of the seventh judgment is negative, the remaining power generation is used to charge the supercapacitor. The charging power of the supercapacitor is equal to the remaining power generation, and the process returns to the step of "determining whether the supercapacitor is fully charged". If the result of the seventh judgment is yes, then the supercapacitor will be controlled to stop working and the remaining power generation will be discarded.

9. The wind-solar coupled load control method based on a solid oxide electrolyzer according to claim 6, characterized in that, Utilizing the surplus power generated by the wind-solar coupled power generation unit to charge the storage battery, solid oxide electrolyzer, and supercapacitor, specifically including: Determine if the battery is fully charged to obtain a third judgment result; If the third judgment result is negative, then the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is judged to be less than the upper pressure limit of the hydrogen storage system, and the fourth judgment result is obtained. If the fourth judgment result is yes, then determine whether the supercapacitor is fully charged, and obtain the fifth judgment result; If the fifth judgment result is negative, then the remaining power generation is used to charge the battery, solid oxide electrolyzer, and supercapacitor. The charging power of the battery is equal to the upper limit of the battery's charging power, the charging power of the solid oxide electrolyzer is equal to the rated power of the solid oxide electrolyzer, and the charging power of the supercapacitor is equal to the difference between the remaining power generation, the upper limit of the battery's charging power, and the rated power of the solid oxide electrolyzer. Then, the process returns to the step of "determining whether the battery is fully charged". If the fifth judgment result is yes, then control the supercapacitor to stop working, and use the remaining power generation to charge the battery and solid oxide electrolyzer. The charging power of the battery is equal to the upper limit of the battery charging power, and the charging power of the solid oxide electrolyzer is equal to the rated power of the solid oxide electrolyzer. Discard the difference between the remaining power generation and the upper limit of the battery charging power and the rated power of the solid oxide electrolyzer, and return to the "determine whether the battery is fully charged" step. If the fourth judgment result is negative, then the solid oxide electrolytic cell is controlled to stop working, and the supercapacitor is judged to be fully charged, thus obtaining the sixth judgment result; If the result of the sixth judgment is negative, the remaining power generation is used to charge the battery and the supercapacitor. The charging power of the battery is equal to the upper limit of the battery's charging power, and the charging power of the supercapacitor is equal to the difference between the remaining power generation and the upper limit of the battery's charging power. Then, the process returns to the step of "determining whether the battery is fully charged". If the result of the sixth judgment is yes, then control the supercapacitor to stop working, use the remaining power generation to charge the battery. The charging power of the battery is equal to the upper limit of the battery's charging power. Discard the difference between the remaining power generation and the upper limit of the battery's charging power, and return to the step of "determine if the battery is fully charged". If the third judgment result is yes, then control the battery to stop working, and determine whether the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is less than the upper pressure limit of the hydrogen storage system to obtain the seventh judgment result; If the result of the seventh judgment is yes, then determine whether the supercapacitor is fully charged, and obtain the result of the eighth judgment; If the result of the eighth judgment is negative, the remaining power generation is used to charge the solid oxide electrolyzer and the supercapacitor. The charging power of the solid oxide electrolyzer is equal to the rated power of the solid oxide electrolyzer, and the charging power of the supercapacitor is equal to the difference between the remaining power generation and the rated power of the solid oxide electrolyzer. Then, the process returns to the step of "determining whether the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is less than the upper limit of the pressure of the hydrogen storage system". If the result of the eighth judgment is yes, then control the supercapacitor to stop working, use the remaining power generation to charge the solid oxide electrolyzer, the charging power of the solid oxide electrolyzer is equal to the rated power of the solid oxide electrolyzer, discard the difference between the remaining power generation and the rated power of the solid oxide electrolyzer, and return to the step of "judging whether the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is less than the upper limit of the pressure of the hydrogen storage system". If the result of the seventh judgment is negative, then the solid oxide electrolytic cell is controlled to stop working, and the supercapacitor is judged to be fully charged, thus obtaining the result of the ninth judgment. If the result of the ninth judgment is negative, the remaining power generation is used to charge the supercapacitor. The charging power of the supercapacitor is equal to the remaining power generation, and the process returns to the step of "determining whether the supercapacitor is fully charged". If the result of the ninth judgment is yes, then the supercapacitor will be controlled to stop working and discard the remaining power generation.

10. The wind-solar coupled load control method based on a solid oxide electrolyzer according to claim 6, characterized in that, While discarding some of the generated power, the remaining power generated by the wind-solar coupled power generation unit is used to charge the batteries, solid oxide electrolyzers, and supercapacitors, specifically including: Determine if the battery is fully charged to obtain a third judgment result; If the third judgment result is negative, then the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is judged to be less than the upper pressure limit of the hydrogen storage system, and the fourth judgment result is obtained. If the fourth judgment result is yes, then determine whether the supercapacitor is fully charged, and obtain the fifth judgment result; If the fifth judgment result is negative, then the remaining power generation is used to charge the battery, solid oxide electrolyzer, and supercapacitor. The charging power of the battery is equal to the upper limit of the battery's charging power, the charging power of the solid oxide electrolyzer is equal to the rated power of the solid oxide electrolyzer, and the charging power of the supercapacitor is equal to the upper limit of the supercapacitor's charging power. The difference between the remaining power generation and the upper limit of the battery's charging power, the rated power of the solid oxide electrolyzer, and the upper limit of the supercapacitor's charging power is discarded, and the process returns to the "determine if the battery is fully charged" step. If the fifth judgment result is yes, then control the supercapacitor to stop working, and use the remaining power generation to charge the battery and solid oxide electrolyzer. The charging power of the battery is equal to the upper limit of the battery charging power, and the charging power of the solid oxide electrolyzer is equal to the rated power of the solid oxide electrolyzer. Discard the difference between the remaining power generation and the upper limit of the battery charging power and the rated power of the solid oxide electrolyzer, and return to the "determine whether the battery is fully charged" step. If the fourth judgment result is negative, then the solid oxide electrolytic cell is controlled to stop working, and the supercapacitor is judged to be fully charged, thus obtaining the sixth judgment result; If the result of the sixth judgment is negative, then the remaining power generation is used to charge the battery and the supercapacitor. The charging power of the battery is equal to the upper limit of the charging power of the battery, and the charging power of the supercapacitor is equal to the upper limit of the charging power of the supercapacitor. The difference between the remaining power generation and the upper limit of the charging power of the battery and the upper limit of the charging power of the supercapacitor is discarded, and the process returns to the step of "determining whether the battery is fully charged". If the result of the sixth judgment is yes, then control the supercapacitor to stop working, use the remaining power generation to charge the battery. The charging power of the battery is equal to the upper limit of the battery's charging power. Discard the difference between the remaining power generation and the upper limit of the battery's charging power, and return to the step of "determine if the battery is fully charged". If the third judgment result is yes, then control the battery to stop working, and determine whether the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is less than the upper pressure limit of the hydrogen storage system to obtain the seventh judgment result; If the result of the seventh judgment is yes, then determine whether the supercapacitor is fully charged, and obtain the result of the eighth judgment; If the result of the eighth judgment is negative, the remaining power generation is used to charge the solid oxide electrolyzer and the supercapacitor. The charging power of the solid oxide electrolyzer is equal to the rated power of the solid oxide electrolyzer, and the charging power of the supercapacitor is equal to the upper limit of the charging power of the supercapacitor. The difference between the remaining power generation and the rated power of the solid oxide electrolyzer and the upper limit of the charging power of the supercapacitor is discarded, and the process returns to the step of "determining whether the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is less than the upper limit of the pressure of the hydrogen storage system". If the result of the eighth judgment is yes, then control the supercapacitor to stop working, use the remaining power generation to charge the solid oxide electrolyzer, the charging power of the solid oxide electrolyzer is equal to the rated power of the solid oxide electrolyzer, discard the difference between the remaining power generation and the rated power of the solid oxide electrolyzer, and return to the step of "judging whether the pressure of the hydrogen storage system is less than the upper limit of the pressure of the hydrogen storage system". If the result of the seventh judgment is negative, then the solid oxide electrolytic cell is controlled to stop working, and the supercapacitor is judged to be fully charged, thus obtaining the result of the ninth judgment. If the result of the ninth judgment is negative, the remaining power generation is used to charge the supercapacitor. The charging power of the supercapacitor is equal to the upper limit of the charging power of the supercapacitor. The difference between the remaining power generation and the upper limit of the charging power of the supercapacitor is discarded, and the process returns to the step of "determining whether the supercapacitor is fully charged". If the result of the ninth judgment is negative, then the supercapacitor will be controlled to stop working and discard the remaining power generation.

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