High-isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition system and method for fusion devices

Abstract

The application provides a high-isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition system and method for a fusion device, the system comprising: a central control and synchronization unit internally provided with an atomic clock time reference; a distributed acquisition cabinet group comprising a plurality of acquisition cabinets, each acquisition cabinet comprising a battery power supply module, a communication backplane, a multi-channel acquisition board card, and an intelligent power switching module; an all-optical fiber communication network connecting the central control and synchronization unit and each acquisition cabinet; the method comprising: S1, closing the mains loop, being powered by external mains, and charging the battery power supply module at the same time; S2, after receiving a control instruction, disconnecting all electrical connections of the external mains input loop and switching to battery power supply module power supply; S3, starting multi-channel high-speed sampling, and writing transient data generated by discharge into a large-capacity cache in parallel; S4, after the discharge acquisition period ends, asynchronously sending the data in the large-capacity cache to a backend server.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of field inversion configuration devices, and more specifically, to a high-isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition system and method for fusion devices. Background Technology

[0002] In the research of FRC (Field-Reversed Configuration) magnetic inertial confinement fusion devices, accurately acquiring the plasma configuration is crucial for experimental success. This typically requires acquiring data through numerous magnetic probes, flux loops, and power supply current sensors deployed at different spatial locations within the device, and then reconstructing the plasma state using inversion algorithms. However, the extreme operating environment of FRC devices presents challenges to the data acquisition system that are difficult to address with conventional industrial equipment: 1. The FRC discharge process is accompanied by extremely high transient voltages and instantaneous large currents, which can easily generate extremely strong electromagnetic pulses and high-voltage spikes in space and grounding circuits. Existing technologies typically use isolation transformers or optocouplers for electrical isolation, but in this high-frequency, high-pulse environment, parasitic capacitances inevitably exist between the primary and secondary sides of traditional isolation transformers. High-frequency common-mode interference can easily couple through these parasitic capacitances, directly bypassing the isolation layer and entering the secondary side. This not only introduces severe noise, causing garbled data acquisition by the ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter), but may even directly damage the ports of front-end precision operational amplifiers or acquisition equipment, destroying expensive electronic components.

[0003] 2. To accurately invert the plasma configuration at a given moment, the signals from hundreds of sensors distributed at different physical locations around the device must be strictly time-aligned. Synchronization errors on the order of microseconds or even hundreds of nanoseconds can lead to severe distortions in inversion results such as magnetic surface reconstruction.

[0004] 3. The discharge duration in FRC experiments is extremely short. In order to capture the characteristics of high-frequency transient plasma, the sampling rate of multi-channel acquisition often needs to reach tens of MHz or even higher. The amount of data generated by hundreds of channels in a millisecond is extremely large. Traditional real-time streaming solutions based on PCIe or Ethernet are prone to bus congestion, packet loss or bandwidth overflow when faced with such high-density burst data. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a high-isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition system and method for fusion devices, aiming to solve the problems of poor safety, low synchronization accuracy and insufficient instantaneous bandwidth under strong electromagnetic interference, and improve the anti-interference safety and multi-channel synchronous acquisition accuracy of the system.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a high-isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition system for a fusion device, including a fusion device and diagnostic sensors for the fusion device, and further comprising: The central control and synchronization unit is equipped with an atomic clock time reference. The central control and synchronization unit generates a global reference clock signal and a second pulse signal, and issues control commands. A distributed data acquisition chassis cluster comprises multiple data acquisition chassis. Each data acquisition chassis includes a battery-powered module, a communication backplane, a multi-channel data acquisition board plugged into the communication backplane, and an intelligent power switching module disposed between the external mains power and the battery-powered module. The signal input terminal of the multi-channel data acquisition board is communicatively connected to the diagnostic sensors of the fusion device, and the power input terminal of the multi-channel data acquisition board is electrically connected to the battery-powered module through the communication backplane. A full-fiber communication network connects the central control and synchronization unit with each of the acquisition chassis; Before the fusion device discharges, the intelligent power switching module receives a control command and simultaneously physically disconnects the external mains power, making the battery-powered module the sole power source for the multi-channel acquisition board. At this time, the distributed acquisition chassis group is in a suspended state completely electrically isolated from the external ground to block the coupling conduction path of high-frequency common-mode interference generated by parasitic capacitance. In this state, the global reference clock signal and the second pulse signal are transmitted to the communication backplane through the all-fiber communication network, and the communication backplane converts them into electrical signals and synchronously distributes them to the multi-channel acquisition board to lock the sampling reference and perform synchronous transient data acquisition.

[0007] In one embodiment, the multi-channel acquisition board is equipped with a field-programmable gate array and an analog-to-digital converter, and the field-programmable gate array is equipped with a phase-locked loop module; After receiving the global reference clock signal transmitted by the communication backplane, the phase-locked loop module performs clock shaping and frequency multiplication to the target operating frequency, and drives the analog-to-digital converter to operate at the target operating frequency. The field-programmable gate array receives the second pulse signal transmitted by the communication backplane and resets the sample-and-hold counter inside the analog-to-digital converter to align the sampling period of each acquisition chassis.

[0008] In one embodiment, the front end of the multi-channel acquisition board is provided with a high-isolation differential operational amplifier circuit, and the distributed acquisition chassis group is placed inside an electromagnetic shielding cabinet with a multi-layer shielding structure. The multi-layer shielding structure is grounded to block the radiation interference of spatial electromagnetic pulses.

[0009] In one embodiment, the multi-channel acquisition board is internally configured with a system-on-a-chip architecture of programmable logic units and a large-capacity high-speed cache. During the window period of synchronous transient data acquisition, the massive amount of transient data acquired by the multi-channel acquisition board is written in parallel by the programmable logic unit into the large-capacity high-speed cache for local storage; after the discharge acquisition cycle ends, the multi-channel acquisition board asynchronously transmits the locally stored cached data back through the all-fiber communication network.

[0010] In one embodiment, the all-fiber communication network is provided with fiber fan-out units, which adopt an equal-length cabling topology to ensure that the physical transmission delay of each acquisition chassis receiving the global reference clock signal is equal. The high-isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition system for fusion devices also includes an external trigger source, which sends a synchronous trigger signal to each of the acquisition chassis through the all-fiber communication network to define the zero moment of the synchronous transient data acquisition.

[0011] In one embodiment, the intelligent power switching module includes a relay array or a high-voltage solid-state switch array; Before sending control commands, the central control and synchronization unit performs a self-check logic on the battery health status and remaining power of the battery power supply module, and triggers an abnormal termination mechanism when it determines that the power is insufficient to support a single complete fusion discharge acquisition cycle.

[0012] In one embodiment, the high-isolation differential operational amplifier circuit is an integrated chip that includes a built-in isolation power supply and a signal isolation transformer. The front end of the integrated chip is connected to the diagnostic sensors of the fusion device using a differential input architecture, and the back end of the integrated chip outputs the differential signal required for analog-to-digital conversion.

[0013] In one embodiment, the multi-layer shielding structure of the electromagnetic shielding cabinet includes a high permeability alloy layer, a good conductor layer, and a structural strength layer.

[0014] A high-isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition method for a fusion device, implemented by the high-isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition system for a fusion device as described above, includes the following mode switching steps spanning fusion discharge cycles: S1, Standby and Charging Mode: Closed mains circuit, external mains power supplies the high isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition system used for the fusion device, and simultaneously charges the battery power supply module built into the chassis. S2, Preparatory Isolation Mode: After receiving the control command, the intelligent power switching module is controlled to disconnect all electrical connections of the external mains input circuit, and the system switches to battery power supply module to establish a floating state isolated from the external power grid and the ground; S3, High-speed acquisition and caching mode: Each acquisition node maintains clock synchronization by relying on the atomic clock time base signal transmitted by the all-fiber communication network, and at the same time starts multi-channel high-speed sampling to write the transient data generated by the discharge into a large-capacity high-speed cache in parallel. S4, Recovery and Backhaul Mode: After the discharge acquisition cycle ends, the mains circuit is closed again to restore mains power supply, and the data in the large-capacity high-speed cache is asynchronously sent to the backend server through the all-fiber communication network.

[0015] In one embodiment, in the high-speed acquisition and caching mode, the method further includes: The programmable logic unit in the on-chip architecture built into the multi-channel acquisition board configures independent delay compensation parameters for different acquisition channels; and before writing massive transient data into a large-capacity high-speed cache in parallel, the delay compensation parameters are used to fine-tune and align the local digital domain of the sampled data of each channel to eliminate nanosecond-level phase deviations introduced by the asymmetry of the circuit wiring within the board.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention utilizes an intelligent power switching module to physically disconnect the external mains power during data acquisition and switch to battery-powered module power, creating a suspended state isolated from the external power grid and ground. This cuts off the conduction path of common-mode interference, effectively preventing the risk of high-voltage breakdown, ensuring the authenticity of data acquired under extreme electromagnetic pulses and the safety of front-end devices, achieving complete electrical isolation, and improving system safety and anti-interference capabilities.

[0017] 2. This invention employs an atomic clock combined with an all-fiber communication network and a communication backplane to construct a multi-level synchronous distribution architecture. By combining a phase-locked loop within the programmable logic unit with a second pulse signal alignment mechanism, clock jitter during long-distance transmission is overcome, ensuring that multiple acquisition channels distributed in different locations can maintain nanosecond-level synchronous alignment.

[0018] 3. Addressing the characteristics of short discharge time and high data throughput in fusion experiments, the multi-channel acquisition board of this invention adopts an on-chip system architecture and is configured with a large-capacity high-speed cache. During the discharge, massive amounts of transient data are written in parallel to the large-capacity high-speed cache for local storage, avoiding bandwidth overflow issues that may occur with real-time streaming transmission. After acquisition, asynchronous transmission is performed via a full-fiber communication network, ensuring the integrity of the experimental data. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition system for a fusion device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2This is a flowchart illustrating a high-isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition method for a fusion device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Among them, 100 is the central control and synchronization unit; 200 is the all-fiber communication network; 300 is the distributed acquisition chassis group; 310 is the intelligent power switching module; 320 is the battery power supply module; 330 is the communication backplane; and 340 is the multi-channel acquisition board. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition system for a fusion device according to an embodiment of the present invention, including a fusion device and diagnostic sensors for the fusion device, and further comprising: The central control and synchronization unit 100 is equipped with an atomic clock time reference. The central control and synchronization unit generates a global reference clock signal and a second pulse signal, and issues control commands. The distributed data acquisition chassis group 300 includes multiple data acquisition chassis. Each data acquisition chassis includes a battery-powered module 320, a communication backplane 330, a multi-channel data acquisition board 340 plugged into the communication backplane 330, and an intelligent power switching module 310 disposed between the external mains power and the battery-powered module 320. The signal input terminal of the multi-channel data acquisition board 340 is communicatively connected to the diagnostic sensors of the fusion device, and the power input terminal of the multi-channel data acquisition board 340 is electrically connected to the battery-powered module 320 through the communication backplane 330. A full-fiber communication network 200 connects the central control and synchronization unit 100 to each of the acquisition chassis; Before the fusion device discharges, the intelligent power switching module 310 receives a control command and simultaneously physically disconnects the external mains power, making the battery power supply module 320 the sole power source for the multi-channel acquisition board 340. At this time, the distributed acquisition chassis group 300 is in a suspended state completely electrically isolated from the external ground to block the coupling conduction path of high-frequency common-mode interference generated by parasitic capacitance. In this state, the global reference clock signal and the second pulse signal are transmitted to the communication backplane 330 through the all-fiber communication network 200, and are converted into electrical signals by the communication backplane 330 and synchronously distributed to the multi-channel acquisition board 340 to lock the sampling reference and perform synchronous transient data acquisition.

[0023] Specifically, the control commands required for the intelligent power switching module 310 to perform the physical disconnection action in the pre-isolation mode can be generated and issued by the central control and synchronization unit 100 or a back-end server (i.e., a host computer) connected to it. Before the fusion device is about to conduct a discharge experiment, the back-end server issues a preparation instruction to the central control and synchronization unit 100 via Ethernet or fiber optic cable. Upon receiving this instruction, the central control and synchronization unit 100 generates corresponding control commands and synchronously issues these commands to each distributed acquisition chassis via the all-fiber communication network 200.

[0024] Specifically, a hierarchical synchronization architecture of atomic clock-fiber optic cable-backplane-board is adopted. All acquisition chassis are directly connected to the central atomic clock via fiber optic cable to obtain a 10MHz reference clock and PPS (pulse per second) signal. The synchronization signal is distributed to each board through the backplane bus inside the chassis, achieving a synchronization error of less than 30ns for thousands of channels in the entire system.

[0025] In one embodiment, the FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is clocked by a uniform 10MHz atomic clock, with jitter consistently within 1ps, making it highly stable. Upon receiving this clock signal, the FPGA shapes and multiplies it to 65MHz. The ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) operates at this 65MHz clock frequency, achieving a time resolution of 15ns. Alternatively, the selected ADC can operate up to 100MHz, achieving a time resolution of 10ns. Simultaneously, the PPS (Programmable Pixel Shift) signal from the atomic clock aligns the signals in each acquisition chassis. Again, the jitter of this PPS signal is in the ps range. These two factors are sufficient to support the 30ns synchronization design requirement.

[0026] In one embodiment, the multi-channel acquisition board 340 is equipped with an FPGA and an ADC, and the field-programmable gate array is equipped with a phase-locked loop module. After receiving the global reference clock signal transmitted by the communication backplane 330, the phase-locked loop module performs clock shaping and frequency multiplication to the target operating frequency, and drives the analog-to-digital converter to operate at the target operating frequency. The field-programmable gate array receives the second pulse signal transmitted by the communication backplane 330 and resets the sample-and-hold counter inside the analog-to-digital converter to align the sampling period of each acquisition chassis.

[0027] In one embodiment, the multi-channel acquisition board 340 is equipped with a high-isolation differential operational amplifier circuit at its front end, and the distributed acquisition chassis group 300 is placed inside an electromagnetic shielding cabinet with a multi-layer shielding structure. The multi-layer shielding structure is grounded to block the radiation interference of spatial electromagnetic pulses.

[0028] In one embodiment, the multi-channel acquisition board 340 adopts the ZYNQ SoC architecture (system-on-chip architecture with integrated programmable logic) and is equipped with an onboard large-capacity DDR (large-capacity high-speed cache). During the window period of synchronous transient data acquisition, the massive amount of transient data acquired by the multi-channel acquisition board 340 is written in parallel by the programmable logic unit to the onboard large-capacity DDR for local storage to avoid bandwidth overflow of real-time streaming transmission. After the acquisition is completed, the cached data stored locally is asynchronously transmitted back through the all-fiber communication network 200.

[0029] Specifically, a single acquisition chassis includes a backplane and several acquisition boards. Each acquisition board is based on the ZYNQ SoC architecture, integrating eight dual-channel ADCs (16 channels in total), supporting a sampling rate of 65Msps and a 14-bit resolution. A chassis can be fully loaded with 10 boards, providing a total of 160 channels. The entire system can be expanded to multiple chassis, supporting thousands of channels.

[0030] In one embodiment, the all-fiber communication network 200 is provided with a fiber fan-out unit, which adopts an equal-length cabling topology to ensure that the physical transmission delay of each acquisition chassis receiving the global reference clock signal is equal. The high-isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition system for fusion devices also includes an external trigger source, which sends a synchronous trigger signal to each of the acquisition chassis through the all-fiber communication network 200 to define the zero moment of the synchronous transient data acquisition.

[0031] In one embodiment, the intelligent power switching module 310 includes a relay array or a high-voltage solid-state switch array; Before sending control commands, the central control and synchronization unit 100 performs a self-check logic on the battery health status and remaining power of the battery power supply module 320, and triggers an abnormal termination mechanism when it determines that the power is insufficient to support a single complete fusion discharge acquisition cycle.

[0032] In one embodiment, the high-isolation differential operational amplifier circuit is an integrated chip that includes a built-in isolation power supply and a signal isolation transformer. The front end of the integrated chip is connected to the diagnostic sensors of the fusion device using a differential input architecture, and the back end of the integrated chip outputs the differential signal required for analog-to-digital conversion.

[0033] In one embodiment, the multi-layer shielding structure of the electromagnetic shielding cabinet includes a high permeability alloy layer, a good conductor layer, and a structural strength layer.

[0034] Specifically, the high permeability alloy layer, the good conductor layer, and the structural strength layer can be selected from permalloy, copper, and stainless steel, respectively.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a high-isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition method for a fusion device in this embodiment. It is implemented by the high-isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition system for a fusion device as described above, and includes the following mode switching steps spanning fusion discharge cycles: S1, Standby and Charging Mode: Closed mains circuit, external mains power supplies the high isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition system used for the fusion device, and simultaneously charges the battery power supply module 320 built into the chassis. S2, Preparatory Isolation Mode: After receiving the control command, the intelligent power switching module 310 is controlled to disconnect all electrical connections of the external mains input circuit and switch to the battery power supply module 320 to establish a floating state isolated from the external power grid and the ground; S3, High-speed acquisition and caching mode: Each acquisition node maintains clock synchronization by relying on the atomic clock time base signal transmitted by the all-fiber communication network 200, and at the same time starts multi-channel high-speed sampling to write the transient data generated by the discharge into a large-capacity high-speed cache in parallel. S4, Recovery and Backhaul Mode: After the discharge acquisition cycle ends, the mains circuit is closed again to restore mains power supply, and the data in the large-capacity high-speed cache is asynchronously sent to the backend server through the full fiber optic communication network 200.

[0036] In one embodiment, in the high-speed acquisition and caching mode, the method further includes: The multi-channel acquisition board 340 uses a programmable logic unit in its built-in system-on-chip architecture to configure independent delay compensation parameters for different acquisition channels. Before writing massive amounts of transient data into a large-capacity high-speed cache in parallel, the delay compensation parameters are used to fine-tune and align the local digital domain of the sampled data of each channel to eliminate nanosecond-level phase deviations introduced by asymmetric circuit wiring within the board.

[0037] To meet the stringent time reference requirements of plasma configuration inversion in fusion devices, this embodiment constructs a multi-level synchronous distribution architecture to achieve step-by-step alignment of sampling references for each channel. This architecture specifically comprises the following three physical levels: The first level of synchronization is inter-chassis synchronization: the atomic clock time reference inside the central control and synchronization unit 100 generates a global reference clock signal and a second pulse signal. The fiber optic fan-out units configured in the all-fiber communication network 200 employ an equal-length cabling topology to distribute these signals to each acquisition chassis, ensuring that the physical transmission delay of the global reference clock signal to each chassis remains consistent. This hierarchical design solves the delay consistency problem of long-distance transmission in distributed systems.

[0038] The second level of synchronization is in-chassis synchronization: after the signal arrives at the acquisition chassis, it is converted into an electrical signal by the communication backplane 330. The communication backplane 330 uses a star-shaped equal-length cabling network to synchronously distribute the aforementioned electrical signal to the multi-channel acquisition board 340 plugged into the communication backplane 330. This hierarchical design eliminates the signal arrival time difference between different slots within the chassis.

[0039] The third level of synchronization is intra-board synchronization: the multi-channel acquisition board 340 is equipped with a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Upon receiving the global reference clock signal, the phase-locked loop (PLL) module inside the FPGA shapes and multiplies the clock to the target operating frequency, thereby driving the ADC. Simultaneously, the FPGA receives the second pulse signal and resets the sample-and-hold counter inside the ADC, ensuring that all acquisition channels initiate sampling on the same clock edge.

[0040] To compensate for phase deviation in the digital domain within the board, the programmable logic unit supports configuring independent delay compensation parameters for different acquisition channels. Before writing data to the buffer, the system uses these parameters to fine-tune and align the sampled data for each channel. Through this multi-level synchronous distribution architecture, the system can overcome the accumulation of clock jitter caused by long-distance transmission and multi-level cascading, meeting the high-precision time synchronization requirements of multi-channel signals.

[0041] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. For ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0042] It should be noted that, in this application, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. It should also be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Furthermore, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0043] The embodiments described above are merely further illustrations of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any other way. The present invention may have many other embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various corresponding modifications and changes based on the present invention, but all such modifications and changes should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition system for a fusion device, comprising a fusion device and diagnostic sensors for the fusion device, characterized in that, Also includes: The central control and synchronization unit is equipped with an atomic clock time reference. The central control and synchronization unit generates a global reference clock signal and a second pulse signal, and issues control commands. A distributed data acquisition chassis cluster comprises multiple data acquisition chassis. Each data acquisition chassis includes a battery-powered module, a communication backplane, a multi-channel data acquisition board plugged into the communication backplane, and an intelligent power switching module disposed between the external mains power and the battery-powered module. The signal input terminal of the multi-channel data acquisition board is communicatively connected to the diagnostic sensors of the fusion device, and the power input terminal of the multi-channel data acquisition board is electrically connected to the battery-powered module through the communication backplane. A full-fiber communication network connects the central control and synchronization unit with each of the acquisition chassis; Before the fusion device discharges, the intelligent power switching module receives a control command and simultaneously physically disconnects the external mains power, making the battery-powered module the sole power source for the multi-channel acquisition board. At this time, the distributed acquisition chassis group is in a suspended state completely electrically isolated from the external ground to block the coupling conduction path of high-frequency common-mode interference generated by parasitic capacitance. In this state, the global reference clock signal and the second pulse signal are transmitted to the communication backplane through the all-fiber communication network, and the communication backplane converts them into electrical signals and synchronously distributes them to the multi-channel acquisition board to lock the sampling reference and perform synchronous transient data acquisition.

2. The high-isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition system for fusion devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-channel acquisition board is equipped with a field-programmable gate array and an analog-to-digital converter, and the field-programmable gate array is equipped with a phase-locked loop module. After receiving the global reference clock signal transmitted by the communication backplane, the phase-locked loop module performs clock shaping and frequency multiplication to the target operating frequency, and drives the analog-to-digital converter to operate at the target operating frequency. The field-programmable gate array receives the second pulse signal transmitted by the communication backplane and resets the sample-and-hold counter inside the analog-to-digital converter to align the sampling period of each acquisition chassis.

3. The high-isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition system for fusion devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-channel acquisition board is equipped with a high-isolation differential operational amplifier circuit at its front end. The distributed acquisition chassis group is placed inside an electromagnetic shielding cabinet with a multi-layer shielding structure. The multi-layer shielding structure is grounded to block the radiation interference of spatial electromagnetic pulses.

4. The high-isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition system for fusion devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-channel acquisition board is equipped with a system-on-a-chip architecture with programmable logic units and a large-capacity high-speed cache. During the window period of synchronous transient data acquisition, the massive amount of transient data acquired by the multi-channel acquisition board is written in parallel by the programmable logic unit into the large-capacity high-speed cache for local storage; after the discharge acquisition cycle ends, the multi-channel acquisition board asynchronously transmits the locally stored cached data back through the all-fiber communication network.

5. The high-isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition system for fusion devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The all-fiber communication network is equipped with fiber fan-out units, which adopt an equal-length cabling topology to ensure that the physical transmission delay of each acquisition chassis receiving the global reference clock signal is equal. The high-isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition system for fusion devices also includes an external trigger source, which sends a synchronous trigger signal to each of the acquisition chassis through the all-fiber communication network to define the zero moment of the synchronous transient data acquisition.

6. The high-isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition system for fusion devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent power switching module includes a relay array or a high-voltage solid-state switch array. Before sending control commands, the central control and synchronization unit performs a self-check logic on the battery health status and remaining power of the battery power supply module, and triggers an abnormal termination mechanism when it determines that the power is insufficient to support a single complete fusion discharge acquisition cycle.

7. The high-isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition system for fusion devices according to claim 3, characterized in that, The high-isolation differential operational amplifier circuit is an integrated chip that includes a built-in isolation power supply and a signal isolation transformer. The front end of the integrated chip is connected to the diagnostic sensors of the fusion device using a differential input architecture, and the back end of the integrated chip outputs the differential signal required for analog-to-digital conversion.

8. The high-isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition system for fusion devices according to claim 3, characterized in that, The electromagnetic shielding cabinet has a multi-layer shielding structure including a high permeability alloy layer, a good conductor layer, and a structural strength layer.

9. A high-isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition method for a fusion device, implemented by the high-isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition system for a fusion device as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, It includes the following mode switching steps that span the fusion discharge cycle: S1, Standby and Charging Mode: Closed mains circuit, external mains power supplies the high isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition system used for the fusion device, and simultaneously charges the battery power module; S2, Preparatory Isolation Mode: After receiving the control command, the intelligent power switching module is controlled to disconnect all electrical connections of the external mains input circuit and switch to battery power supply module to establish a floating state isolated from the external power grid and the ground; S3, High-speed acquisition and caching mode: Each acquisition node maintains clock synchronization by relying on the atomic clock time base signal transmitted by the all-fiber communication network, and at the same time starts multi-channel high-speed sampling to write the transient data generated by the discharge into a large-capacity high-speed cache in parallel. S4, Recovery and Backhaul Mode: After the discharge acquisition cycle ends, the mains circuit is closed again to restore mains power supply, and the data in the large-capacity high-speed cache is asynchronously sent to the backend server through the all-fiber communication network.

10. The high-isolation multi-channel synchronous data acquisition method for fusion devices according to claim 9, characterized in that, In the high-speed acquisition and caching mode, the method further includes: The programmable logic unit in the on-chip architecture built into the multi-channel acquisition board configures independent delay compensation parameters for different acquisition channels; and before writing massive transient data into a large-capacity high-speed cache in parallel, the delay compensation parameters are used to fine-tune and align the local digital domain of the sampled data of each channel to eliminate nanosecond-level phase deviations introduced by the asymmetry of the circuit wiring within the board.

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