A multi-stage concentration odor and multi-stage deodorization system for sludge

Abstract

This invention provides a multi-level odor control system for sludge, capable of distinguishing and treating high-, medium-, and low-concentration odors. The exhaust pipes of the incinerator buffer chamber and the sludge conveyor belt converge and are connected to a high-concentration first pipe section via a fan. The exhaust pipe in the sludge drying equipment converges with the high-concentration first pipe section and is connected to a high-concentration second pipe section. The high-concentration second pipe section is divided into two paths: one connecting to the medium-high concentration first pipe section, and the other connecting to the boiler air duct. The medium-high concentration first pipe section is divided into two paths: one connecting to the medium-high concentration second pipe section, and the other connecting to the exhaust pipe in the wet sludge tank. The medium-high concentration second pipe section is divided into two paths: one connecting to a strong deodorization device, and the other connecting to a medium-low concentration pipe section. The exhaust pipes of the sludge dryer and the sludge unloading area converge and are connected to a low-concentration pipe section. This low-concentration pipe section is divided into two paths: one connecting to the medium-low concentration pipe section, and the other connecting to a weak deodorization device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a multi-stage concentration odor control and deodorization system for sludge, which is applied in sludge drying and incineration power generation projects. Background Technology

[0002] Sludge incineration power generation projects fall under the category of projects for the reduction, resource recovery, harmless treatment, and comprehensive utilization of municipal and rural domestic waste, rural domestic sewage, sludge, and other solid waste. For example, industrial and domestic sludge discharged by dyeing and textile enterprises has a high calorific value. Projects involving the harmless treatment and comprehensive utilization of sludge through sludge drying, incineration, and cogeneration have seen widespread development with policy support. During the sludge unloading area, wet sludge pool, sludge drying machine room, sludge conveyor belt, and incinerator buffer silo, odors of varying concentrations are emitted from workshops and equipment during the processing. To maintain a good working environment and meet environmental protection requirements, deodorization devices must be installed to control the odors before they are released.

[0003] Different sludge treatment projects have different functional workshops and equipment. Generally, the emitted odor can be divided into high, medium and low concentrations.

[0004] Taking a sludge incineration project as an example, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the odorous gas discharged from the sludge drying equipment 14 through its self-contained fan 15 and then merged into the exhaust branch pipe 16 is high-concentration odorous gas. The odorous gas discharged from the sealed covers of each sludge conveyor belt 5 through the exhaust pipe 12 and then merged into the exhaust branch pipe 13 is also high-concentration odorous gas. The odorous gas discharged from each incinerator buffer chamber 6 through the exhaust pipe 10 and then merged into the exhaust branch pipe 11 is also high-concentration odorous gas. The exhaust volume of high-concentration odorous gas is unstable and is related to the number and status of the operating equipment (such as the sludge drying equipment 14, sludge conveyor belt 5, etc.).

[0005] The odor emitted from the wet sludge tank 3 through the exhaust pipe 20 is of medium concentration. If the medium concentration odor is not emitted for a long time, it may become a high concentration odor.

[0006] High-concentration and medium-concentration odors need to be treated by boiler 45 or strong deodorization device 90 before being discharged. The exhaust systems 17 or 29, 23 or 30 are mainly used to maintain negative pressure in workshops such as sludge drying room 4 and sludge unloading room 2, and to ensure ventilation within the workshops, preventing odor leakage and reducing odor concentration and temperature, creating a good working environment for workers. This portion of the odor is very low in concentration and can be treated by a weak deodorization device 91 to meet discharge standards. The odor discharged from sludge unloading room 2 through exhaust pipe 23 or 30 is low-concentration; the exhaust volume can be adjusted according to the opening status of unloading door 1. The odor discharged from sludge drying room 4 through exhaust pipe 17 or 29 is also low-concentration; the exhaust volume can be adjusted according to the heat and odor generated by the number of operating sludge drying equipment. The sludge drying equipment 14 generates a large amount of heat during operation. The number of sludge drying equipment 14 in operation varies, and the outdoor air inlet temperature also varies. Therefore, the air volume of the exhaust pipe 17 or exhaust pipe 29 in the sludge drying room can vary.

[0007] Boiler 45 uses sludge and other fuels to burn at high temperatures and then discharges them into the air through a chimney. If the odor is used as combustion air for combustion in boiler 45, then boiler 45 can treat the odor more thoroughly. Therefore, boiler 45 is an excellent odor treatment device.

[0008] Currently, there are two types of traditional deodorization systems that are widely used in China.

[0009] Traditional deodorization systems, such as Figure 1 As shown, the mixed odor gases of high, medium and low concentrations from the sludge unloading room 2, wet sludge pool room 3, sludge drying machine room 4, sludge drying equipment 14, sludge conveyor belt 5 and incinerator buffer chamber 6 are discharged to the exhaust header 48, and then discharged to the boiler 45 and the strong deodorization device 90 with strong odor treatment capacity for treatment before being discharged.

[0010] This deodorization system has some problems: (1) The boiler 45 does not differentiate between high-concentration, medium-concentration, and low-concentration odors, thus failing to fully utilize its strong deodorization capacity to treat high-concentration odors. The boiler 45 can only handle relatively low-concentration mixed odors, wasting its capacity to treat high-concentration odors. Furthermore, all deodorization devices must be capable of handling mixed odors. Besides the boiler 45, other odors require deodorization devices with strong processing capabilities. The strong deodorization device 90 and the boiler 45 must handle the entire odor volume. The weak deodorization device 91, with its limited deodorization capacity, cannot be used. The initial investment in configuring deodorization devices is relatively large.

[0011] (2) The low-concentration odor exhaust volume of the workshop was not adjusted according to the heat output of the sludge drying machine workshop 4 and the outdoor air intake temperature. The low-concentration odor exhaust volume of the workshop was not adjusted according to the opening status of the unloading door 1. The air volume was not adjusted according to the medium and high concentration odor volume. There were no energy-saving adjustment measures. The strong deodorization fan 53 was operated at a large air volume, and the exhaust gas was increased accordingly. The residual odor volume of the exhaust gas was also large.

[0012] (3) The number of sludge drying equipment 14 and other equipment is constantly changing. Similarly, the air pressure of the exhaust main pipe 48 is also changing. The frequent changes in the number of sludge drying equipment 14 cause changes in the exhaust volume of the exhaust branch pipe 16. Without corresponding measures to control the pressure stability, the exhaust volume of each exhaust branch is unstable. When the negative pressure of the exhaust main pipe 48 is too low, the exhaust volume of each branch is too large, resulting in the deodorization device not reducing the treatment volume due to the reduction of odor air volume.

[0013] (4) When the number of boilers 45 in operation decreases, or the number of deodorizing devices 90 in operation decreases, resulting in insufficient exhaust volume, there are no measures to prioritize the exhaust volume of high-concentration and medium-concentration odors. The high, medium and low concentration odors in each branch without fans are reduced proportionally. The processing capacity of the operable boilers 45 and deodorizing devices 90 could have met the needs of medium and high concentration odors. However, because the processing capacity is dispersed to treat low-concentration odors, the concentration of medium and high concentration odors may continue to rise, affecting system safety.

[0014] Traditional deodorization system two, such as Figure 2 As shown, the mixed odorous gases of high and medium concentrations from the wet sludge tank 3, sludge drying equipment 14, sludge conveyor belt 5, and incinerator buffer 6 are discharged to the exhaust header 48, and then to the boiler 45 and a strong deodorization device 90 with a strong odor treatment capacity for treatment before being discharged. Meanwhile, the low-concentration odorous gases discharged from workshops such as the sludge unloading room 2 and the sludge drying machine room 4 are connected to a weak deodorization device 91 with a weaker treatment capacity.

[0015] This deodorization system has some problems: (1) The boiler does not distinguish between high-concentration and medium-concentration odors, and cannot give full play to its strong deodorization capacity to prioritize the treatment of high-concentration odors. Instead, it only treats the mixed odors of medium and high concentrations, which wastes the boiler's strong odor treatment capacity. At the same time, it increases the burden on the strong deodorization device 90 to treat odors, which will increase the concentration of residual odors in the tail gas.

[0016] (2) When the amount of high-concentration and medium-concentration odorous gases decreases, part of the treatment capacity of the boiler 45 or the strong deodorization device 90 that treats these odorous gases will be idle or running idle. This part of the treatment capacity is not used to treat low-concentration odorous gases, so as to play a greater role in treating odorous gases.

[0017] (3) The low-concentration odor exhaust volume of the workshop was not adjusted according to the heat output of the sludge drying machine workshop 4, and the low-concentration odor exhaust volume of the workshop was not adjusted according to the opening status of the unloading door 1. There were no energy-saving adjustment measures, the weak deodorizing fan 55 was operated at a large air volume, and the residual odor in the tail gas was not reduced.

[0018] (4) The number of sludge drying equipment 14 and other equipment is constantly changing. Similarly, the air pressure of the exhaust main pipe 48 is changing. Without corresponding measures to control the stability of the pressure, the exhaust volume of each exhaust branch is unstable. The negative pressure of the exhaust main pipe 48 is too low, resulting in excessive exhaust volume of each branch.

[0019] (5) When the number of boilers 45 in operation decreases, or when the number of deodorizing devices 90 in operation decreases, resulting in insufficient exhaust volume, there are no measures to prioritize the exhaust volume of high-concentration odor. The high-concentration exhaust branch pipe and the medium-concentration odor are reduced proportionally, which may lead to a continuous increase in high-concentration odor and affect the safe operation of the system.

[0020] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art and to provide a multi-stage odor control system for sludge that has a reasonable structural design and can distinguish between high-concentration, medium-concentration, and low-concentration odors.

[0021] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve the above problems is: a multi-level concentration odor control and multi-level deodorization system for sludge, including an incinerator buffer chamber, a sludge conveyor belt conveyor, sludge drying equipment, a wet sludge tank room, a sludge drying machine room, a sludge unloading room, a boiler, a strong deodorization device, a weak deodorization device, and an exhaust duct; exhaust ducts are installed in the incinerator buffer chamber, the sludge conveyor belt conveyor, the sludge drying equipment, the wet sludge tank room, the sludge drying machine room, and the sludge unloading room; a boiler duct is connected to the boiler; the exhaust duct is sequentially divided into a high-concentration first section, a high-concentration second section, a medium-high concentration first section, a medium-high concentration second section, a medium-low concentration section, and a low-concentration section; the exhaust duct of the incinerator buffer chamber and the sludge conveyor belt conveyor... The exhaust pipes of the belt conveyor converge and are connected to the high-concentration first pipe section via a fan; the exhaust pipe of the sludge drying equipment converges with the high-concentration first pipe section and is connected to the high-concentration second pipe section. The high-concentration second pipe section is divided into two paths, one connecting to the medium-high concentration first pipe section and the other connecting to the boiler air duct; the medium-high concentration first pipe section is divided into two paths, one connecting to the medium-high concentration second pipe section and the other connecting to the exhaust pipe of the wet sludge tank; the medium-high concentration second pipe section is divided into two paths, one connecting to the strong deodorization device and the other connecting to the medium-low concentration pipe section; the exhaust pipe of the sludge drying machine room and the exhaust pipe of the sludge unloading room converge and are connected to the low-concentration pipe section. This low-concentration pipe section is divided into two paths, one connecting to the medium-low concentration pipe section and the other connecting to the weak deodorization device. At runtime: The boiler prioritizes extracting high-concentration odorous gases from the incinerator buffer chamber, sludge conveyor belt, and sludge drying equipment from the high-concentration second pipe section. When the total exhaust volume of the boiler exceeds the exhaust volume of the high-concentration second pipe section, the difference is supplemented from the medium-high concentration first pipe section, which then treats the medium-concentration odorous gases from the wet sludge pool. When the total exhaust volume of the boiler exceeds the sum of the exhaust volumes of the high-concentration second pipe section and the exhaust pipe of the wet sludge pool, the boiler uses its surplus treatment capacity to treat the low-concentration odorous gases entering through the low-concentration pipe section, the medium-low concentration pipe section, and the medium-high concentration second pipe section. In other words, the boiler treats odorous gases of different concentrations in a priority order of high, medium, and low concentration. When the total air volume of the high-concentration second pipe section and the exhaust pipe between the wet sludge tank is greater than the boiler's processing capacity, the remaining medium-to-high concentration odor gas that the boiler cannot handle is drawn from the medium-to-high concentration second pipe section to the strong deodorization device. When the processing capacity of the strong deodorization device is greater than the air volume of the medium-to-high concentration second pipe section, the excess odor gas processing capacity of the strong deodorization device is used to process the low-concentration odor gas from the medium-to-low concentration pipe section.

[0022] The exhaust pipes of the incinerator buffer chamber and the sludge conveyor belt of the present invention are connected to a main exhaust pipe, which is connected to the first high-concentration pipe section; an exhaust fan is installed on the main exhaust pipe.

[0023] The present invention installs an exhaust fan on the exhaust pipe between wet sludge tanks.

[0024] The strong deodorization device of the present invention includes a chemical deodorization device, a biological deodorization device, and a strong deodorization fan connected in sequence; or, the strong deodorization device includes a chemical deodorization device, a biological deodorization device, an activated carbon deodorization device, and a strong deodorization fan connected in sequence; the weak deodorization device includes a weak chemical deodorization device and a weak deodorization fan connected in sequence; one pipe of the medium-high concentration section is connected to the strong deodorization device, and one pipe of the low concentration section is connected to the weak deodorization device.

[0025] The present invention includes a first side ventilation pipe connected in parallel to the biological deodorization device, a first side ventilation valve installed on the first side ventilation pipe, and first air valves installed at both the inlet and outlet of the biological deodorization device; a second air valve is installed at both the inlet and outlet of the strong deodorization fan of the activated carbon deodorization device, a second side ventilation pipe connected in parallel to the strong deodorization fan of the activated carbon deodorization device, and a second side ventilation valve installed on the second side ventilation pipe.

[0026] The present invention provides an electric regulating valve on the exhaust pipe of the sludge drying machine room; or, an electric regulating valve is provided on the exhaust pipe of the sludge drying machine room, and a third side ventilation pipe is connected in parallel to the electric regulating valve, and an air valve is provided on the third side ventilation pipe.

[0027] The present invention provides an electric regulating valve on the exhaust pipe of the sludge unloading room; or, an electric regulating valve is provided on the exhaust pipe of the sludge unloading room, and a fourth side ventilation pipe is connected in parallel to the electric regulating valve, and an air valve is provided on the fourth side ventilation pipe.

[0028] The present invention connects a first pressure transmitter to the first medium-high concentration pipe section, or to the second medium-high concentration pipe section or the second high concentration pipe section with pressure similar to that of the first medium-high concentration pipe section, and sets a second pressure transmitter at the outlet of the chemical deodorization device, or adds a third pressure transmitter at the inlet of the chemical deodorization device.

[0029] The present invention connects a first pressure transmitter to the first medium-high concentration pipe section, or to a second medium-high concentration pipe section or a high-concentration pipe section with a pressure similar to that of the first medium-high concentration pipe section, and installs a flow transmitter at the outlet of the strong deodorization fan.

[0030] In this invention, both the sludge drying machine room and the wet sludge tank room are equipped with air supply pipes, and a blower is installed on the air supply pipes.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects: 1. This invention can automatically control and prioritize the operation of deodorization devices with different odor treatment capabilities, as well as the deodorization air volume. The boiler, with the strongest odor treatment capacity and lowest operating cost, is given first priority. The high-efficiency deodorization device, with its relatively strong odor treatment capacity, is given second priority. Low-concentration odors not treated by the boiler and the high-efficiency deodorization device are then treated by a weaker deodorization device. Priority is given to ensuring full-load operation of the high-efficiency deodorization device, while the weaker deodorization device is used as a supplementary odor treatment device. The stronger the odor treatment capacity of the deodorization device, the easier it is to reduce the odor emissions in the exhaust gas after treatment, making it easier to meet environmental protection requirements and better maintain the environment of the plant area and its boundaries.

[0032] 2. This invention utilizes boiler combustion as the first priority treatment target for high-concentration odor, the second priority treatment target for medium-concentration odor, and the final treatment target for low-concentration odor; the strong deodorization device first prioritizes the treatment target for medium-to-high concentration odor that has not been treated by the boiler, and the second priority treatment target for low-concentration odor; it prioritizes ensuring that the deodorization device with strong treatment capacity treats the higher concentration of odor, and maintains the lowest possible concentration of odor gas in the exhaust gas after treatment.

[0033] 3. In this invention, the boiler, strong deodorization device, and weak deodorization device are connected in parallel within the same system, providing a tiered backup relationship and improving system reliability. The boiler and the strong deodorization device serve as backups for each other, with the strong deodorization device acting as a backup for the weak deodorization device.

[0034] 4. Adjust the room exhaust volume based on the actual heat in the room and the negative pressure in the room. While meeting the functions of deodorization, heat removal, and maintaining negative pressure, the exhaust volume is relatively reduced, achieving energy-saving operation of the deodorization device. Because the amount of exhaust air that needs to be processed is reduced, the amount of residual odor in the external exhaust gas is also reduced.

[0035] 5. In the high-intensity deodorization system pipeline, regardless of whether the biological deodorization device or the activated carbon deodorization device is in operation, the operating airflow of the deodorizing fan in this pipeline can be stably maintained even when the resistance of the deodorizing duct branch changes significantly. This avoids the deodorizing fan operating at excessively high airflow rates due to a significant decrease in duct branch resistance, which could lead to uneven drainage of the washing circulating water in the chemical and biological deodorization devices. It also avoids potential overcurrent operation of the deodorizing fan.

[0036] 6. Intelligent and automated operation reduces the workload of management personnel while improving operational efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a traditional deodorization system. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a traditional deodorization system (system 2). Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The following embodiments are explanations of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0039] See Figure 3 and Figure 4 The exhaust main duct 48 is sequentially divided into a high-concentration first section 32, a high-concentration second section 33, a medium-high concentration first section 34, a medium-high concentration second section 35, a medium-low concentration section 36, and a low-concentration section 37. (See also...) Figure 3 In one embodiment, the strong deodorization device 90 includes a strong chemical deodorization device 50 (a chemical deodorization device consisting of two stages of acid washing and alkaline washing connected in series), a biological deodorization device 51, and a strong deodorization fan 53. The weak deodorization device 91 includes a weak chemical deodorization device 54 (a chemical deodorization device consisting of two stages of acid washing and alkaline washing connected in series, or a chemical deodorization device consisting of only one stage of alkaline washing) and a weak deodorization fan 55. See also... Figure 4In one embodiment, the strong deodorization device 90 includes a strong chemical deodorization device 50 (a chemical deodorization device consisting of two stages of acid washing and alkaline washing connected in series), a biological deodorization device 51, an activated carbon deodorization device 52, and a strong deodorization fan 53; the weak deodorization device 91 includes a weak chemical deodorization device 54 (a chemical deodorization device consisting of two stages of acid washing and alkaline washing connected in series, or a chemical deodorization device consisting of only one stage of alkaline washing) and a weak deodorization fan 55.

[0040] The incinerator buffer chamber 6 is equipped with multiple exhaust pipes 10, which are connected to the main exhaust branch pipe 11. Each exhaust pipe 10 discharges high-concentration odorous gas from the incinerator buffer chamber 6, and the gases converge and are connected to the main exhaust branch pipe 11. The sludge conveyor belt 5 is equipped with multiple exhaust pipes 12, which are connected to the exhaust branch pipe 13. Each exhaust pipe 12 discharges high-concentration odorous gas from the sludge conveyor belt 5, and the gases converge and are connected to the exhaust branch pipe 13. The main exhaust branch pipe 11 and the exhaust branch pipe 13 converge and are connected to the main exhaust pipe 30. The main exhaust pipe 30 is equipped with an exhaust fan 31. After being pressurized by the exhaust fan 31, the gas is connected to the high-concentration first pipe section 32. Therefore, the exhaust pipes 10 in the incinerator buffer chamber and the exhaust pipes 12 in the sludge conveyor belt 5 converge and are connected to the high-concentration first pipe section 32 via an exhaust fan 31.

[0041] Each sludge drying device 14 in the sludge drying room 4 is connected to the exhaust pipe 15 via a self-contained fan. Each sludge drying device 14 discharges high-concentration odorous gas to the exhaust pipe 15 via its self-contained fan. The exhaust pipes 15 converge and are connected to the exhaust branch main pipe 16. The exhaust branch main pipe 16 and the high-concentration first pipe section 32 converge and are connected to the high-concentration second pipe section 33. The high-concentration second pipe section 33 is divided into two paths. One path is connected to the medium-high concentration first pipe section 34, and the other path is connected to the boiler air pipe 46. The boiler air pipe 46 is connected to the boiler 45. The odorous gas in the air pipe is discharged after being treated by high-temperature incineration in the boiler 45.

[0042] An exhaust duct 20 is installed inside the wet sludge tank room 3. Testing showed that the odor concentration in this duct is lower than that of the high-concentration odor, but higher than that of the low-concentration odor in the workshop exhaust. Therefore, the exhaust from exhaust duct 20 is defined as medium-concentration odor. To prevent a decrease in the overall system's processing airflow and to ensure that medium-concentration odor is discharged before low-concentration odor, an exhaust fan 21 (e.g., ...) can be installed on exhaust duct 20. Figure 3 The exhaust pipe 20 and the second section of the medium-high concentration pipe 35 merge and then connect to the first section of the medium-high concentration pipe 34.

[0043] The second section 35, for medium-to-high concentration gas, splits into two paths: one connects to the medium-to-low concentration section 36, and the other connects via duct 60 to the high-intensity deodorization device 90. The high-intensity deodorization device 90 includes deodorization devices such as a high-intensity chemical deodorization device 50, a biological deodorization device 51, or an activated carbon deodorization device 52, and also includes a high-intensity deodorization fan 53. Gas treated by the high-intensity chemical deodorization device 50 is connected to the high-intensity chemical deodorization device 50 via duct 60, and the high-intensity chemical deodorization device 50 is connected to the biological deodorization device 51 via duct 61. Gas treated by the high-intensity chemical deodorization device 50 is then connected to the biological deodorization device 51 via duct 61. Figure 3 The biological deodorization device 51 is connected to the high-pressure deodorization fan 53 via duct 69. The gas treated by the biological deodorization device 51 is directly connected to the high-pressure deodorization fan 53 via duct 69 for pressurization before being discharged into the atmosphere. Figure 4 The biological deodorization device 51 is connected to the activated carbon deodorization device 52 via duct 65. The activated carbon deodorization device 52 is then connected to the powerful deodorization fan 53. The gas treated by the biological deodorization device 51 is first connected to the activated carbon deodorization device 52 via duct 65, and then connected to the powerful deodorization fan 53 for pressurization before being discharged into the atmosphere. A first bypass ventilation duct 63 can be connected in parallel to the biological deodorization device 51. The first bypass ventilation duct 63 is connected to both duct 61 and duct 65. A first bypass ventilation valve 64 is installed on the first bypass ventilation duct 63. First air valves 62 are installed at both the inlet and outlet of the biological deodorization device 51. The shut-off of the first air valve 62 and the first bypass ventilation valve 64 forms a bypass ventilation volume switching function. A second air valve 66 is provided at both the inlet and outlet of the activated carbon deodorization device 52. A second side ventilation pipe 67 is connected in parallel to the activated carbon deodorization device 52. The second side ventilation pipe 67 is connected to the air pipe 69 and the air pipe 65 respectively. A second side ventilation valve 68 is provided on the second side ventilation pipe 67. For ease of operation, the second air valve 66 and the second side ventilation valve 68 can be set as electric air valves.

[0044] Due to poor sealing of equipment and pipelines, or during maintenance and disassembly, odorous gases may be emitted into the sludge drying room 4, forming a low concentration of odorous gas. This is discharged through exhaust pipe 17. Two methods are used to control the minimum exhaust volume in the sludge drying room 4 to maintain the odor concentration and a good working environment. Method one: An electric regulating valve 18 is installed on the exhaust pipe 17 (e.g., ...). Figure 3 The electric regulating valve 18 is kept at its minimum opening, with the minimum opening parameter set to meet the minimum exhaust volume requirement. Alternatively, an electric regulating valve 18 is installed on the exhaust duct 17, and a third bypass ventilation duct 27 (e.g., ...) is connected in parallel to the electric regulating valve 18. Figure 4A damper is installed on the third side ventilation pipe 27. The damper on the third side ventilation pipe 27 is normally open. The third side ventilation pipe 27 is set to meet the minimum exhaust volume standard. Under the premise of meeting the minimum air volume of the sludge drying room 4, the electric regulating valve 18 is adjusted according to the ambient temperature in the sludge drying room 4 to control the temperature of the sludge drying room 4 to not exceed the reasonable design value, discharge the heat generated by the operation of the system equipment in the sludge drying room 4, and maintain good temperature conditions in the sludge drying room 4.

[0045] When the negative pressure inside the sludge drying room 4 becomes too high due to exhaust ventilation, hindering ventilation, a make-up air duct 19 can be installed in the sludge drying room 4 to bring fresh outdoor air into the room. A fan 25 (e.g., ...) can be installed on the make-up air duct 19. Figure 4 To balance the make-up air volume. Similarly, when the negative pressure in the wet sludge tank room 3 is too high due to exhaust, which is not conducive to exhaust, a make-up air duct 22 can be installed to bring fresh outdoor air into the wet sludge tank room 3. A fan 26 (such as...) can be installed on the make-up air duct 22. Figure 4 This is to increase the amount of make-up air.

[0046] After the sludge transport vehicle enters the sludge unloading room 2 through the inlet gate 1, odorous gases will be emitted during unloading, forming a low-concentration odor in the large space of the sludge unloading room 2. Therefore, an exhaust pipe 23 is installed in the sludge unloading room 2 to exhaust the odor. In the sludge unloading room 2, the exhaust volume of the exhaust pipe 23 is controlled according to the negative pressure of the sludge unloading room 2 or the opening status of the inlet gate 1. When the inlet gate 1 is closed, a minimum exhaust volume needs to be maintained to maintain the negative pressure in the sludge unloading room 2 and maintain a working environment with a low concentration of odor. The minimum exhaust volume in the sludge unloading room 2 can be controlled in two ways. Method 1: An electric regulating valve 24 is installed on the exhaust pipe 23, and the electric regulating valve 24 is kept at its minimum opening (e.g., Figure 3 The minimum opening is set to meet the minimum ventilation volume and maintain a reasonable negative pressure in the sludge unloading room 2. Alternatively, an electric regulating valve 24 is installed on the exhaust pipe 23, and a fourth bypass ventilation pipe 28 (such as...) is connected in parallel to the electric regulating valve 24. Figure 4 A damper 29 is installed on the fourth side ventilation pipe 28. The damper 29 on the fourth side ventilation pipe 28 is normally open. The fourth side ventilation pipe 28 is set to meet the minimum exhaust volume. The electric regulating valve 24 is adjusted according to the negative pressure in the sludge unloading room 2 and the opening status of the feed door 1 to control the negative pressure in the sludge unloading room 2, maintain a reasonable air velocity at the feed door 1 opening, and reduce odor leakage.

[0047] After exhaust pipes 17 and 23 merge, they are connected to low-concentration pipe section 37. Low-concentration odorous gas discharged from sludge drying room 4 and low-concentration odorous gas discharged from sludge unloading room 2 merge and are connected to low-concentration pipe section 37. Low-concentration pipe section 37 is divided into two paths, one of which is connected to medium-low concentration pipe section 36, and the other is connected to air pipe 38. Air pipe 38 is connected to a weak deodorization device 91 with weak deodorization capacity. The weak deodorization device 91 includes equipment such as weak chemical deodorization device 54 and weak deodorization fan 55. Air pipe 38 is connected to weak chemical deodorization device 54. Weak chemical deodorization device 54 is connected to weak deodorization fan 55 through air pipe 70. The treated exhaust gas is connected to weak deodorization fan 55 through air pipe 70 and then pressurized by deodorization fan before being released into the atmosphere.

[0048] A first pressure transmitter 80 is connected to the first high-concentration duct section 34, or to the second high-concentration duct section 35 or the high-concentration duct section 33, which have pressures similar to those of the first high-concentration duct section 34; a second pressure transmitter 81 is installed at the outlet of the strong chemical deodorization device 50 (e.g., Figure 3 The pressure information from the second pressure transmitter 81 and the first pressure transmitter 80 is sent to the control system 86. A third pressure transmitter 82 can be added at the inlet of the strong chemical deodorization device 50 (e.g., Figure 3 The pressure information from the second pressure transmitter 81 and the third pressure transmitter 82 is sent to the control system; or, a first pressure transmitter 80 is connected to the first medium-high concentration pipe section 34, or to the second medium-high concentration pipe section 35 or the high concentration pipe section 33, etc., where the pressure is similar to that of the first medium-high concentration pipe section 34. A flow transmitter 85 is installed at the outlet of the forced deodorizing fan 53 (or on the branch of the duct between the duct 60 and the outlet of the forced deodorizing fan 53). Figure 4 The flow information from the flow transmitter 85 is sent to the control system 86.

[0049] In the operation of the multi-level odor control and deodorization system for sludge, the boiler 45 preferentially extracts high-concentration odor from the incinerator buffer chamber 6, sludge conveyor belt 5, and sludge drying equipment 14 from the high-concentration second pipe section 33. When the total exhaust volume of the boiler 45 is greater than the exhaust volume of the high-concentration second pipe section 33, the difference is supplemented from the medium-high concentration first pipe section 34. The medium-concentration odor from the wet sludge pool 3 is treated by the medium-high concentration first pipe section 34, thus achieving the operating effect of boiler 45 first prioritizing the treatment of high-concentration odor and second prioritizing the treatment of medium-concentration odor. When the total exhaust volume of boiler 45 is greater than the sum of the volumes of high-concentration odor (high-concentration second pipe section 33) and medium-concentration odor (exhaust pipe 20), boiler 45 will use its surplus processing capacity to process the low-concentration odor that enters through the low-concentration pipe section 37, medium-low concentration pipe section 36, and medium-high concentration second pipe section 35. In other words, boiler 45 can process odor of different concentrations in the order of high, medium, and low concentration, thus giving full play to the excellent deodorization ability of boiler 45.

[0050] When the total air volume of the high-concentration second pipe section 33 and the exhaust pipe 20 is greater than the processing capacity of the boiler 45, the remaining medium-to-high concentration odor gas that the boiler 45 cannot handle is drawn from the medium-to-high concentration second pipe section 35 to the strong deodorization device 90. When the processing capacity of the strong deodorization device 90 is greater than the air volume of the medium-to-high concentration second pipe section 35, the excess odor gas processing capacity of the strong deodorization device 90 is used to treat the sludge drying room 4 connected along the medium-to-low concentration pipe section 36 and the low-concentration odor gas discharged from the sludge unloading room 2.

[0051] When the amount of odor changes, it will cause pressure changes in the high-concentration first pipe section 32, the high-concentration second pipe section 33, the medium-high concentration first pipe section 34, the medium-high concentration second pipe section 35, the medium-low concentration pipe section 36, and the low concentration pipe section 37. The control system 86 controls the pressure difference between the second pressure transmitter 81 and the first pressure transmitter 80, or the pressure difference between the second pressure transmitter 81 and the third pressure transmitter 82, or controls the air volume of the strong deodorizing fan 53 through frequency conversion to stabilize the operating air volume displayed by the flow transmitter 85, so as to keep the strong deodorizing fan 53 running at full load and give full play to the stronger deodorizing device 90's stronger deodorizing ability compared to the weak deodorizing device 91. The principle of this process is to adjust the fan's operating air volume by adjusting the fan frequency through frequency conversion. In a constant pipeline, the air volume and pressure difference are correspondingly related. As long as the pressure difference is kept constant, the air volume is also constant. When the biological deodorization device 51 and the activated carbon deodorization device 52 are in bypass operation, a significant change in the resistance of the duct circuit occurs. The greatly reduced resistance of the duct branch causes the deodorization fan to operate at a high airflow rate. The higher the airflow rate, the higher the air velocity within the deodorization device. Since the airflow and washing water flow directions within the deodorization equipment are opposite (generally, airflow is from bottom to top, and water flow is from bottom to top), excessive air velocity can lead to uneven drainage of the washing circulating water in the strong chemical deodorization device 50 and the biological deodorization device 51, affecting the deodorization effect. Therefore, controlling the airflow of the strong chemical deodorization device 50 and the biological deodorization device 51 to prevent them from exceeding their operating airflow rates also ensures a uniform washing and deodorization effect of the washing circulating water in both devices.

[0052] When the amount of odorous gas to be treated becomes very small, when the weak deodorization device 91 is completely shut down, and the boiler 45 and the strong deodorization device 90 have excessive processing capacity, the negative pressure value of the second pressure transmitter 81 is lower than the design value. In order to achieve energy-saving operation, the air volume of the strong deodorization fan 53 can be reduced by the frequency conversion control of the control system 86 to control the second pressure transmitter 81 to operate stably under the design pressure conditions.

[0053] When the deodorization capacity of all deodorization devices, including boiler 45, is insufficient, the deodorization air volume of the operable deodorization devices will be less than the exhaust air volume requiring deodorization. This will manifest as insufficient negative pressure on the first pressure transmitter 80. This could be due to a malfunction in the deodorization devices, a power outage, changes in the resistance of branch ducts, or other reasons. If the treatment of medium-to-high concentration odors is insufficient for an extended period, the concentration of these odors will continue to rise, potentially affecting the installation and operation of the system. However, appropriately reducing the low-concentration exhaust air volume in workshops such as sludge drying room 4 and sludge unloading room 2 will not cause serious negative impacts. Therefore, when the deodorization capacity of the deodorization devices is insufficient, priority should be given to ensuring the treatment of medium-to-high concentration odors to facilitate system operation. The medium-concentration odor branch (the odor duct circuit composed of exhaust duct 20, etc.), the high-concentration odor branch (the odor duct circuit composed of exhaust duct 10, exhaust branch main duct 11, exhaust duct 12, exhaust branch main duct 13, exhaust main duct 30, and the high-concentration first pipe section 32, etc.), and the low-concentration odor circuit (the odor duct circuit composed of exhaust duct 17, exhaust duct 23 to the low-concentration pipe section 37, etc.) are connected in parallel. If exhaust fan 31 is not installed, the air volume will be automatically redistributed according to the resistance of each branch, resulting in insufficient air volume in the high-concentration odor branch. After installing exhaust fan 31, the impact of external pressure changes on the exhaust volume can be reduced, and the high-concentration odor can be prioritized for treatment. Similarly, exhaust fan 21 can be installed as needed to reduce the impact of external pressure changes on the exhaust volume of medium-concentration odor, and the medium-concentration odor can be prioritized for treatment. During operation, when the deodorization capacity is insufficient, the exhaust fan 31 is kept running to achieve the "first priority treatment of high-concentration odor" effect. Then, depending on the deodorization capacity, the exhaust fan 21 is turned on or its airflow is controlled to achieve the "second priority treatment of medium-concentration odor" effect. When the deodorization device's deodorization capacity is insufficient, the opening of the electric regulating valve 24 can be reduced by controlling the system 86 to prioritize reducing the exhaust volume of the sludge unloading room 2, thereby increasing the pressure of the first pressure transmitter 80 on the system pipeline 34. This is done by sacrificing the exhaust volume of low-concentration odor in exchange for the exhaust volume of medium- to high-concentration odor.

[0054] Furthermore, it should be noted that the specific embodiments described in this specification may differ in the shape and name of their components, etc. The above description is merely illustrative of the structure of the present invention. All equivalent or simple variations made based on the structure, features, and principles described in this invention are included within the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods to substitute them, as long as they do not depart from the structure of the invention or exceed the scope defined by the claims, all of which should fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage odor control and deodorization system for sludge, comprising an incinerator buffer chamber, a sludge conveyor belt conveyor, sludge drying equipment, a wet sludge tank, a sludge drying machine room, a sludge unloading room, a boiler, a strong deodorization device, a weak deodorization device, and an exhaust duct; exhaust ducts are provided in the incinerator buffer chamber, the sludge conveyor belt conveyor, the sludge drying equipment, the wet sludge tank, the sludge drying machine room, and the sludge unloading room; a boiler duct is connected to the boiler; characterized in that: The exhaust duct is sequentially divided into a high-concentration first section, a high-concentration second section, a medium-high concentration first section, a medium-high concentration second section, a medium-low concentration section, and a low-concentration section. The exhaust ducts of the incinerator buffer chamber and the sludge conveyor belt converge and are connected to the high-concentration first section via an exhaust fan. The exhaust duct of the sludge drying equipment converges with the high-concentration first section and is connected to the high-concentration second section. The high-concentration second section is divided into two paths, one of which connects to the medium-high concentration first section. The first section of the sludge dryer and the second section of the sludge unloading room are connected to the boiler air duct. The second section of the sludge dryer and the third section of the sludge unloading room are connected to the low-concentration sludge section. The low-concentration sludge section is divided into two parts: one part is connected to the high-concentration sludge section, and the other part is connected to the low-concentration sludge section. At runtime: The boiler prioritizes extracting high-concentration odorous gases from the incinerator buffer chamber, sludge conveyor belt, and sludge drying equipment from the high-concentration second pipe section. When the total exhaust volume of the boiler exceeds the exhaust volume of the high-concentration second pipe section, the difference is supplemented from the medium-high concentration first pipe section, which then treats the medium-concentration odorous gases from the wet sludge pool. When the total exhaust volume of the boiler exceeds the sum of the exhaust volumes of the high-concentration second pipe section and the exhaust pipe of the wet sludge pool, the boiler uses its surplus treatment capacity to treat the low-concentration odorous gases entering through the low-concentration pipe section, the medium-low concentration pipe section, and the medium-high concentration second pipe section. In other words, the boiler treats odorous gases of different concentrations in a priority order of high, medium, and low concentration. When the total air volume of the high-concentration second pipe section and the exhaust pipe between the wet sludge tank is greater than the boiler's processing capacity, the remaining medium-to-high concentration odor gas that the boiler cannot handle is drawn from the medium-to-high concentration second pipe section to the strong deodorization device. When the processing capacity of the strong deodorization device is greater than the air volume of the medium-to-high concentration second pipe section, the excess odor gas processing capacity of the strong deodorization device is used to process the low-concentration odor gas from the medium-to-low concentration pipe section.

2. The sludge multi-level concentration odor control and multi-level deodorization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust pipes in the incinerator buffer chamber and the sludge conveyor belt converge and are connected to a main exhaust pipe, which is connected to the first high-concentration pipe section; an exhaust fan is installed on the main exhaust pipe.

3. The sludge multi-level concentration odor control and multi-level deodorization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: An exhaust fan is installed on the exhaust pipe in the wet sludge tank.

4. The sludge multi-level concentration odor control and multi-level deodorization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The strong deodorization device includes a chemical deodorization device, a biological deodorization device, and a strong deodorization fan connected in sequence; or, the strong deodorization device includes a chemical deodorization device, a biological deodorization device, an activated carbon deodorization device, and a strong deodorization fan connected in sequence. The weak deodorization device includes a weak chemical deodorization device and a weak deodorization fan connected in sequence. One pipe section of the medium-to-high concentration pipe is connected to the strong deodorization device, and one pipe section of the low concentration pipe is connected to the weak deodorization device.

5. The sludge multi-level concentration odor control and multi-level deodorization system according to claim 4, characterized in that: A first side ventilation pipe is connected in parallel to the biological deodorization device, and a first side ventilation valve is installed on the first side ventilation pipe. First air valves are installed at both the inlet and outlet of the biological deodorization device. Second air valves are installed at both the inlet and outlet of the strong deodorization fan of the activated carbon deodorization device. A second side ventilation pipe is connected in parallel to the strong deodorization fan of the activated carbon deodorization device, and a second side ventilation valve is installed on the second side ventilation pipe.

6. The sludge multi-level concentration odor control and multi-level deodorization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: An electric regulating valve is installed on the exhaust pipe of the sludge drying machine room; or, an electric regulating valve is installed on the exhaust pipe of the sludge drying machine room, and a third side ventilation pipe is connected in parallel to the electric regulating valve, and an air valve is installed on the third side ventilation pipe.

7. The sludge multi-level concentration odor control and multi-level deodorization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: An electric regulating valve is installed on the exhaust pipe of the sludge unloading room; or, an electric regulating valve is installed on the exhaust pipe of the sludge unloading room, and a fourth side ventilation pipe is connected in parallel to the electric regulating valve, and an air valve is installed on the fourth side ventilation pipe.

8. The sludge multi-level concentration odor control and multi-level deodorization system according to claim 4, characterized in that: A first pressure transmitter is connected to the first medium-high concentration pipe section, or to the second medium-high concentration pipe section or the second high concentration pipe section with pressure similar to that of the first medium-high concentration pipe section. A second pressure transmitter is installed at the outlet of the chemical deodorization device, or a third pressure transmitter is added at the inlet of the chemical deodorization device.

9. The sludge multi-stage concentration odor control and multi-stage deodorization system according to claim 4, characterized in that: A first pressure transmitter is connected to the first medium-high concentration pipe section, or to the second medium-high concentration pipe section or the second high concentration pipe section with pressure similar to that of the first medium-high concentration pipe section, and a flow transmitter is installed at the outlet of the strong deodorization fan.

10. The sludge multi-level concentration odor control and multi-level deodorization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Air supply pipes are installed in both the sludge drying machine room and the wet sludge tank room, and blowers are installed on the air supply pipes.

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