A rockfill dam protection device and a concrete faced rockfill dam with the same

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of rockfill dam protection technology, and discloses a rockfill dam protection device and a concrete-faced rockfill dam having the same, comprising: a support frame; several mounting plates arranged side by side on the support frame, several arc-shaped energy dissipation plates arranged side by side on the mounting plates, the energy dissipation plates having multiple first energy dissipation holes, and elastic reset mechanisms provided at both ends of the energy dissipation plates; a sliding rail mechanism for installation on the concrete-faced rockfill dam, the sliding end of the sliding rail mechanism being connected to the support frame, and a buoyancy plate fixedly connected to the sliding end of the sliding rail mechanism, the buoyancy plate being located in the middle of the several mounting plates. This invention, through the design of the arc-shaped energy dissipation plates, the first energy dissipation holes on the plate surface, and the elastic reset mechanism at the connection, forms a highly efficient passive energy dissipation, elastic buffering, and adaptive reset mechanism through the synergistic effect of the three, fundamentally reducing the risk of panel cracking and leakage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rockfill dam protection technology, and in particular to a rockfill dam protection device and a concrete-faced rockfill dam having the same. Background Technology

[0002] As an important type of dam, the core of the upstream seepage prevention system of concrete-faced rockfill dams is the concrete face poured on the foundation layer. This face is exposed to the complex hydrological environment of the reservoir for a long time, directly bearing the periodic impact of waves, the wet and dry cycles caused by reservoir water level changes, and the impact of floating objects (such as logs, ice blocks, and debris) carried by the water flow.

[0003] Existing technologies for panel protection primarily focus on strengthening the structure itself (such as increasing concrete grade or adding fibers) or installing permanent rigid protective structures (such as wave walls). However, these solutions have significant shortcomings: while rigid protective structures (such as concrete retaining walls) can withstand some impacts, their fixed and immutable nature directly transfers the enormous impact load to the panel anchoring system, posing a risk of localized stress concentration and failure; furthermore, they cannot adapt to changes in water level, offering limited protection at low water levels. Simple flexible protection (such as suspended netting), on the other hand, lacks sufficient strength to effectively withstand concentrated impacts from large floating objects.

[0004] Therefore, existing protective measures generally suffer from poor adaptability, limited energy dissipation effect, and insufficient mitigation of dynamic impact loads. Their fundamental flaw lies in failing to effectively address the core challenge of "how to adaptively and flexibly absorb wave energy and impact kinetic energy with water level changes, thereby isolating and protecting the concrete panel." This leads to the formation of micro-cracks on the surface of the concrete panel under long-term wave pulsation pressure and occasional violent impacts, which gradually develop into penetrating cracks, ultimately causing leakage and threatening the long-term safety and stable operation of the dam. Developing a new type of protective device that can actively adapt to the environment, efficiently dissipate energy, and not transfer concentrated loads to the panel is a pressing technical challenge for the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a rockfill dam protection device and a concrete-faced rockfill dam having the same, in order to solve or improve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a rockfill dam protection device, comprising: Support frame; Several mounting plates are arranged side by side on the support frame. Several arc-shaped energy dissipation plates are arranged side by side on the mounting plates. Multiple first energy dissipation holes are opened on the energy dissipation plates. Both ends of the energy dissipation plates are respectively provided with elastic reset mechanisms. A sliding rail mechanism is used for installation on a concrete-faced rockfill dam. The sliding end of the sliding rail mechanism is connected to the support frame, and a buoyancy plate is fixedly connected to the sliding end of the sliding rail mechanism. The buoyancy plate is located at the middle position of several mounting plates.

[0007] Optionally, the elastic reset mechanism includes: A mounting slot is provided on the mounting plate; The guide rod is fixedly connected within the mounting groove; The slider has a through hole that can slide with the guide rod, and the slider is connected to the energy dissipation plate; A spring is fixedly connected between the slider and the end face of the mounting groove.

[0008] Optionally, a fixed sealing plate is provided between two adjacent energy dissipation plates in the same column, which is fixedly connected to the mounting plate. A pair of sliding sealing plates are slidably fitted on the fixed sealing plate, and the pair of sliding sealing plates are respectively connected to the two connected energy dissipation plates.

[0009] Optionally, the fixed sealing plate has multiple dovetail grooves, and the sliding sealing plate is fixedly connected with multiple dovetail sliders, with each dovetail slider corresponding to and slidingly engaging with one of the multiple dovetail grooves.

[0010] Optionally, the fixed sealing plate is provided with a plurality of second energy dissipation holes.

[0011] Optionally, the sliding sealing plate is provided with a plurality of third energy dissipation holes, which are arranged in the same row as the second energy dissipation holes.

[0012] Optionally, a rotating rod is rotatably connected to the energy dissipation plate via a sealed bearing, and multiple water flow actuating blades are fixedly connected to the rotating rod.

[0013] Optionally, the slide rail mechanism includes: A plurality of guide rails are arranged in parallel along the height direction of the concrete panel rockfill dam. Each guide rail is connected to a lug plate at both ends. The lug plate is provided with mounting holes. A first constraint groove is provided on the guide rail. A second constraint groove is connected to the side of the first constraint groove. A roller is rolled in the first constraint groove. A plurality of sliding plates are slidably fitted in a plurality of second constraint grooves and rotatably connected to the rollers. The sliding plates are fixedly connected to the support frame through connecting plates. The buoyancy plate is fixedly connected between the plurality of connecting plates.

[0014] Optionally, the sidewall of the energy dissipation plate is provided with tearing teeth.

[0015] The present invention also provides a concrete-faced rockfill dam, having the aforementioned rockfill dam protection device.

[0016] The present invention discloses the following technical effects: The present invention uses a buoyancy plate to drive the entire protective device to automatically rise and fall with the reservoir water level. Regardless of the water level, the main body of the protection is always in the effective working range, which solves the problem of fixed protection sometimes not being able to reach or block completely, and achieves full coverage of working conditions.

[0017] The arc-shaped plate of this invention can decompose the wave impact force on the front into a sliding force along the tangential direction, which greatly reduces the normal impact pressure. The first energy dissipation hole allows water to flow through, effectively breaking the wave energy and reducing the overall impact momentum of the water body. At the same time, it reduces the hydrodynamic load on the structure. When subjected to concentrated impacts that cannot be completely dissipated (such as large floating objects), the elastic reset mechanism allows the energy dissipation plate to undergo controllable backward displacement. The impact kinetic energy is absorbed and stored by the spring deformation, and the instantaneous rigid impact is converted into a continuous elastic force, avoiding the peak load from being directly transmitted to the concrete panel.

[0018] The entire protective device of this invention is connected to the dam body through a sliding rail mechanism. The residual force after absorption and buffering is dispersed to a wider area of ​​the dam body through the rail, rather than concentrated at the local anchoring point of the panel. This effectively isolates the panel from direct impact and fundamentally reduces the risk of panel cracking and leakage. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting plate and energy dissipation plate structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic reset mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed sealing plate and the sliding sealing plate of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the slide rail mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the guide rail of the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Support frame; 2. Mounting plate; 3. Energy dissipation plate; 4. First energy dissipation hole; 5. Concrete-faced rockfill dam; 6. Buoyancy plate; 7. Mounting groove; 8. Guide rod; 9. Sliding block; 10. Through hole; 11. Spring; 12. Fixed sealing plate; 13. Sliding sealing plate; 14. Dovetail groove; 15. Dovetail sliding block; 16. Second energy dissipation hole; 17. Third energy dissipation hole; 18. Sealed bearing; 19. Rotating rod; 20. Water flow actuating blade; 21. Guide rail; 22. Ear plate; 23. Mounting hole; 24. First constraint groove; 25. Second constraint groove; 26. Roller; 27. Sliding plate; 28. Connecting plate. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Existing Chinese patent CN115094840A discloses a rockfill dam protection device and a concrete-faced rockfill dam with the same. The protection device is installed above the rockfill dam structure during operation, with an installation pipe connected to the concrete panel of the dam. Wind power drives a fan to rotate, which in turn drives a sun gear. The sun gear, in turn, drives planetary gears under the constraint of a gear ring, which in turn drives a planetary carrier to rotate at a reduced speed. The planetary carrier then drives a screw rod to rotate. The rotation of the screw rod pushes the gas inside the air cylinder towards the outlet, compressing the inner wall of the air cylinder on the outlet side. Because the exhaust velocity at the outlet is less than the compression velocity of the screw rod, pressure is generated, which guides air through the air supply pipe into the drive chamber of the cylinder. This pushes the piston in the cylinder upward, which in turn pushes the connecting rod, causing the pull rod to rise. This, in turn, causes the crossbar to lift multiple inserts from the installation pipe, thus achieving an interception effect. The stronger the wind, the greater the force exerted on the fan body, and the faster the fan body rotates. This increases the rotational speed of the screw rod, leading to an increase in internal air pressure in the pneumatic cylinder. As the internal air pressure increases, the gas outflow from the outlet accelerates. When the piston reaches its highest point, the gas cannot flow down the air supply pipe into the drive chamber; all the air is expelled from the outlet. Due to the limited outlet diameter, this action hinders the rotation of the screw rod, thus limiting the fan body's speed and preventing damage from excessively high speeds. Guide plates and a rotatable rotating frame, combined with bearings, ensure the fan body always faces the direction of the wind. When the wind is lost, the connecting rod, pull rod, insert rod, counterweight, and piston, under their own weight, press down on the piston, causing it to descend within the cylinder. This forces the air in the drive chamber to flow back through the air supply pipe into the pneumatic cylinder and out through the outlet, achieving automatic reset. This design reduces the overall height of the protective device in windless or light-wind conditions, avoiding obstruction of the inspection personnel's view and the inspection robot's work. The concrete panels of a rockfill dam are primarily susceptible to tensile cracking, which is mainly caused by slope-directed friction. The protective device, driven by wind, uses a fan to draw air and raise a second lifting component to its highest point, converting the wind force into an upward pulling force on the concrete panel. This reduces the slope pressure on the concrete panel, thereby reducing the slope-directed friction and stress, ensuring the panel remains in a safe operating state and preventing cracking. While this improves the overall safety performance of the rockfill dam, the technical solution does not address the protection of the dam's concrete panels.

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0024] Reference Figures 1 to 6 The present invention provides a rockfill dam protection device, comprising: Support frame 1; Several mounting plates 2 are arranged side by side on the support frame 1. Several arc-shaped energy dissipation plates 3 are arranged side by side on the mounting plates 2. Multiple first energy dissipation holes 4 are opened on the energy dissipation plates 3. Both ends of the energy dissipation plates 3 are respectively provided with elastic reset mechanisms. A sliding rail mechanism is used to install on a concrete-faced rockfill dam 5. The sliding end of the sliding rail mechanism is connected to the support frame 1, and a buoyancy plate 6 is fixedly connected to the sliding end of the sliding rail mechanism. The buoyancy plate 6 is located in the middle of several mounting plates 2.

[0025] By setting up a sliding rail mechanism and a buoyancy plate 6 connected to it, a floating protection platform that adapts to changes in water level is constructed. This platform ensures that the protection array composed of multiple energy dissipation plates 3 is always located at the water-air interface, the location of the most intense impact. Based on this, by designing the arc-shaped energy dissipation plate 3, the first energy dissipation hole 4 on the plate surface, and the elastic reset mechanism at the connection, the three work together to form a highly efficient passive energy dissipation, elastic buffering, and adaptive reset mechanism.

[0026] Furthermore, the energy dissipation panel 3 uses Q355B structural steel as the main body, combined with a heavy-duty long-lasting anti-corrosion coating system. UHMW-PE wear-resistant lining plates are embedded or covered in the water-facing impact-prone area of ​​the energy dissipation panel 3. Q355B structural steel has a perfect balance of strength, plasticity and toughness, extremely strong impact resistance, and is easy to manufacture, install and repair later.

[0027] Furthermore, the principle of energy dissipation holes in water flow is essentially to transform the destructive concentrated kinetic energy of water flow into a dissipative and harmless form of energy by changing the shape, momentum distribution, and energy conversion method of the water flow. Its function is not a simple "blocking", but a sophisticated fluid dynamic process. When continuous water flow (such as waves or high-speed jets) impacts a plate surface with dense holes, it is forcibly divided into numerous small jets or water flows.

[0028] In one embodiment of the present invention, the elastic reset mechanism includes: Mounting slot 7 is provided on mounting plate 2; Guide rod 8 is fixedly connected in mounting groove 7; The slider 9 has a through hole 10 that can slide with the guide rod 8, and the slider 9 is connected to the energy dissipation plate 3; Spring 11 is fixedly connected between slider 9 and the end face of mounting groove 7.

[0029] Guide rod 8 ensures that slider 9 (i.e., energy dissipation plate 3) always slides smoothly along the designed path, avoiding eccentric jamming. The stiffness coefficient of spring 11 can be precisely matched according to the design wave height and impact energy to achieve "graded response" to different impact forces: providing sufficient stiffness to maintain the protective shape during light waves; and dissipating energy through large-stroke deformation during large impacts. This mechanical combination provides a more reliable, maintenance-free, and environmentally resistant cushioning solution beyond pneumatic or hydraulic damping.

[0030] Furthermore, spring 11 is made of 316 or 316L stainless steel spring wire. It provides optimal corrosion resistance in reservoir environments, and its mechanical properties fully meet the requirements for buffering and reset, requiring no maintenance and offering high reliability.

[0031] In one embodiment of the present invention, a fixed sealing plate 12 fixedly connected to the mounting plate 2 is provided between two adjacent energy dissipation plates 3 in the same column. A pair of sliding sealing plates 13 are slidably fitted on the fixed sealing plate 12, and the pair of sliding sealing plates 13 are respectively connected to the two connected energy dissipation plates 3.

[0032] This design creates a retractable, sealed connection between adjacent energy dissipation plates 3, ensuring that the gaps between the energy dissipation plates 3 are always covered when they move, preventing water from rushing in at high speed through the gaps and impacting the internal structure or panel. The sliding sealing plate 13 moves in tandem with the energy dissipation plates 3, allowing the entire protective array to deform in a coordinated manner like a "curtain" when subjected to uneven impacts, thus improving overall stability.

[0033] In one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of dovetail grooves 14 are provided on the fixed sealing plate 12, and a plurality of dovetail sliders 15 are fixedly connected to the sliding sealing plate 13. The plurality of dovetail sliders 15 correspond one-to-one with the plurality of dovetail grooves 14 and slide in cooperation.

[0034] The design of the dovetail groove 14 and the dovetail slider 15 further ensures the anti-pull-out ability and smooth sliding of the sliding sealing plate 13 under high water pressure and impurity environment, ensuring the reliability of long-term use.

[0035] In one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of second energy dissipation holes 16 are provided on the fixed sealing plate 12.

[0036] In one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of third energy dissipation holes 17 are provided on the sliding sealing plate 13, and the third energy dissipation holes 17 and the second energy dissipation holes 16 are arranged in the same row.

[0037] The second energy dissipation hole 16 and the third energy dissipation hole 17 are not simply weight reduction holes, but are part of a three-dimensional energy dissipation network that works in conjunction with the first energy dissipation hole 4.

[0038] In one embodiment of the present invention, a rotating rod 19 is rotatably connected to the energy dissipation plate 3 via a sealed bearing 18, and a plurality of water flow agitator blades 20 are fixedly connected to the rotating rod 19.

[0039] As the energy dissipation plate 3 deforms under stress, it drives the rotating rod 19 to move synchronously. The water flow on the rotating rod 19 then causes the blade 20 to rotate in coordination with the water flow, thereby further disturbing the water flow and reducing the impact force of the water flow.

[0040] In one embodiment of the present invention, the slide rail mechanism includes: Several guide rails 21 are arranged in parallel along the height direction of the concrete panel rockfill dam 5. Each guide rail 21 has a lug 22 connected to both ends. The lug 22 has an installation hole 23. The guide rail 21 has a first constraint groove 24. The first constraint groove 24 is connected to a second constraint groove 25 on its side. A roller 26 is rolled in the first constraint groove 24. Several sliding plates 27 are slidably fitted in several second constraint grooves 25 and rotatably connected to rollers 26. The sliding plates 27 are fixedly connected to the support frame 1 through connecting plates 28. The buoyancy plate 6 is fixedly connected between several connecting plates 28.

[0041] The roller 26 rolls within the first constraint groove 24, providing extremely low sliding friction, allowing buoyancy to easily drive the entire device. The second constraint groove 25 cooperates with the sliding plate 27 to completely restrict the lateral displacement and overturning tendency of the device, ensuring that it can only move in the vertical direction of the dam slope, and has extremely strong wind and wave stability.

[0042] The ear plate 22 facilitates the modular installation of the entire track system on the dam surface using bolts, making construction convenient. Furthermore, the stress is distributed through the ear plate 22, avoiding localized damage to the concrete panel.

[0043] In one embodiment of the present invention, the sidewall of the energy dissipation plate 3 is provided with tearing teeth (not shown in the figure).

[0044] The tearing teeth can cooperate with the tearing teeth on the adjacent energy dissipation plates 3 to break up impurities between the adjacent energy dissipation plates 3 and avoid clogging the gap between the adjacent energy dissipation plates 3.

[0045] The present invention also provides a concrete-faced rockfill dam with a rockfill dam protection device.

[0046] The arc-shaped energy dissipation plate of this invention first converts the normal impact force of the water flow into a tangential sliding force. The remaining impact water flow reaches the plate surface and is subjected to a triple impact of "diversion-vortex energy dissipation-pressure release" by the first energy dissipation hole 4. After the first two stages of weakening, the residual load pushes the energy dissipation plate backward, which is absorbed by the spring 11, storing the last part of mechanical energy as elastic potential energy and releasing it slowly. This combination of "morphological guidance + hole dissipation + mechanical energy absorption" constitutes a layered and highly efficient comprehensive energy dissipation system.

[0047] When using small-diameter energy dissipation holes, more and finer jets are generated, the vortices are stronger, and the diversion and energy dissipation effects are better. However, the structural strength is greatly weakened and it is more prone to clogging. When using large-diameter energy dissipation holes, the diversion and energy dissipation effects are weakened, but the flow capacity is strong and it is not easy to clog. The choice should be made independently according to the water environment of the dam body.

[0048] The energy dissipation orifice types of this invention include: Round holes: the most commonly used, easy to manufacture, and provide relatively stable flow.

[0049] Long orifices and irregularly shaped orifices can guide the direction of water flow and generate specific types of vortices.

[0050] Orifice edge shape: Sharp-edge orifices generate stronger vortices, more obvious separation, and better energy dissipation than smooth-edge orifices, but they are also more prone to cavitation erosion.

[0051] The energy dissipation hole arrangement of the present invention includes: Staggered (cloverleaf) arrangement: The water flow path is more tortuous, the turbulence effect is stronger, and the energy dissipation efficiency is usually higher than that of a straight arrangement.

[0052] Forward flow: Water flow is more likely to form a relatively stable jet stream, with slightly lower energy dissipation efficiency, but the force may be more uniform.

[0053] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0054] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rockfill dam protection device, characterized in that, include: Support frame (1); Several mounting plates (2) are arranged side by side on the support frame (1). Several arc-shaped energy dissipation plates (3) are arranged side by side on the mounting plates (2). Multiple first energy dissipation holes (4) are opened on the energy dissipation plates (3). Both ends of the energy dissipation plates (3) are respectively provided with elastic reset mechanisms. A sliding rail mechanism is used to install on a concrete-faced rockfill dam (5). The sliding end of the sliding rail mechanism is connected to the support frame (1), and the sliding end of the sliding rail mechanism is fixedly connected to a buoyancy plate (6). The buoyancy plate (6) is located in the middle of several mounting plates (2).

2. The rockfill dam protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic reset mechanism includes: Mounting slot (7) is formed on the mounting plate (2); The guide rod (8) is fixedly connected in the mounting groove (7); The slider (9) has a through hole (10) that can slide with the guide rod (8), and the slider (9) is connected to the energy dissipation plate (3); A spring (11) is fixedly connected between the slider (9) and the end face of the mounting groove (7).

3. The rockfill dam protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A fixed sealing plate (12) is fixedly connected to the mounting plate (2) between two adjacent energy dissipation plates (3) in the same column. A pair of sliding sealing plates (13) are slidably fitted on the fixed sealing plate (12). The pair of sliding sealing plates (13) are respectively connected to the two connected energy dissipation plates (3).

4. A rockfill dam protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fixed sealing plate (12) has multiple dovetail grooves (14), and the sliding sealing plate (13) has multiple dovetail sliders (15) fixedly connected to it. The multiple dovetail sliders (15) correspond one-to-one with the multiple dovetail grooves (14) and slide in cooperation.

5. A rockfill dam protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fixed sealing plate (12) is provided with a number of second energy dissipation holes (16).

6. A rockfill dam protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sliding sealing plate (13) is provided with a plurality of third energy dissipation holes (17), and the third energy dissipation holes (17) and the second energy dissipation holes (16) are arranged in the same row.

7. A rockfill dam protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy dissipation plate (3) is rotatably connected to a rotating rod (19) via a sealed bearing (18), and multiple water flow agitator blades (20) are fixedly connected to the rotating rod (19).

8. A rockfill dam protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slide rail mechanism includes: A plurality of guide rails (21) are arranged side by side along the height direction of the concrete-faced rockfill dam (5). Each guide rail (21) is connected to a lug plate (22) at both ends. The lug plate (22) is provided with an installation hole (23). The guide rail (21) is provided with a first constraint groove (24). The first constraint groove (24) is connected to a second constraint groove (25) on its side. A roller (26) is rolled in the first constraint groove (24). A plurality of sliding plates (27) are slidably fitted in a plurality of second constraint grooves (25) and rotatably connected to the rollers (26). The sliding plates (27) are fixedly connected to the support frame (1) through connecting plates (28). The buoyancy plate (6) is fixedly connected between the plurality of connecting plates (28).

9. A rockfill dam protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sidewall of the energy dissipation plate (3) is provided with tearing teeth.

10. A concrete-faced rockfill dam, characterized in that, A rockfill dam protection device as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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