A prefabricated combined open-cut tunnel device, a construction method thereof and a use method thereof

Abstract

A prefabricated modular cut-and-cover tunnel device and construction method, belonging to the field of cut-and-cover tunnel technology, includes a cast-in-place base slab structure, two cast-in-place side walls, a cast-in-place top slab, and two prefabricated side wall structures in a prefabrication yard. The base slab structure includes a cast-in-place main body with centering steel bars embedded inside both sides. The top of the centering steel bars near the inner side of the main body is welded with a locking conical head. The two side wall structures include prefabricated side walls in a prefabrication yard and locking components. Through the base slab structure and side wall structure, during device use, the centering ring connects with the centering steel bars to keep the wall parallel to the centering steel bars. At the same time, the locking of the conical heads by wedges ensures the precise position of the prefabricated side walls after hoisting, preventing the prefabricated side walls from shifting outward or overturning, and improving the overall stability and safety of the modular structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of open-cut tunnel technology, specifically to a prefabricated modular open-cut tunnel device and construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Cut-and-cover tunnels are a construction method that involves excavating the ground surface, constructing the underground structure in the open, and then backfilling. It is mainly used in shallow tunnels, subway stations, and other similar projects, and is one of the basic construction techniques for underground engineering in soft soil areas. The construction process includes excavation, structural construction, waterproofing, and backfilling. It has the advantages of being technically simple and relatively low-cost, but it has a significant impact on traffic and the environment.

[0003] There are still some shortcomings in the existing open-cut tunnel hoisting of precast sidewalls: traditional precast sidewall hoisting and positioning is difficult, the alignment of reserved steel bars and ducts is cumbersome, slippage and deviation are easy after installation, and the construction process is complicated and inefficient. Based on the shortcomings of the existing technology, this invention designs a precast combined open-cut tunnel device and construction method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a prefabricated modular open-cut tunnel device and construction method, which has the advantages of high installation accuracy, precise positioning in one hoisting, and no need for repeated manual correction, thus solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] This invention provides the following technical solution: a prefabricated combined open-cut tunnel device and construction method, including a bottom slab structure cast on site, two side cast walls, a cast top slab, and two side wall structures prefabricated in a prefabrication yard. The bottom slab structure includes a bottom slab body cast on site, and centering steel bars are embedded inside both sides of the bottom slab body. Conical heads for locking are welded to the top of the centering steel bars on both sides near the inner side of the bottom slab body. The side wall structure includes prefabricated side walls and locking components that are prefabricated in the prefabrication yard; The locking component includes multiple sets of sliding rails installed in the transverse grooves of the precast side wall cavity, and two sets of sliding rails are slidably fitted with wedges with two springs connected to their sides, and the inclined surfaces of the multiple wedges are parallel to the inclined surfaces of the conical head.

[0006] Preferably, the bottom of the prefabricated sidewalls on both sides is provided with multiple slots, and each slot is equipped with a centering ring with the same inner diameter as the conical head.

[0007] Preferably, a blocking plate is fitted on the outer side of the plurality of transverse slots, and the plurality of transverse slots are connected to the slot.

[0008] Preferably, the outer surface of the precast sidewalls on both sides is provided with pouring holes for pouring concrete, and the plurality of pouring holes are connected to the slots.

[0009] Preferably, the interior of the plurality of wedges is provided with fixing holes for locking the position, the interior walls of the plurality of transverse grooves are provided with abutments, the interiors of the plurality of abutments are symmetrically provided with insertion holes, and the insertion holes are provided with insertion rods that pass through the fixing holes to fix the position of the wedges.

[0010] Preferably, it also includes a side bracing structure, which includes a main support pipe disposed on the side of the precast side wall and connected to the base plate structure.

[0011] Preferably, the plurality of main support tubes are slidably fitted with secondary support tubes inside, and contact plates are installed at the ends of the plurality of main support tubes and the plurality of secondary support tubes.

[0012] Preferably, a threaded tube is installed on the top of the plurality of contact plates, and the internal threads of the plurality of threaded tubes are fitted with anchors that can penetrate the base plate structure. The ends of the plurality of anchors are fitted with rotating rods for construction personnel to rotate.

[0013] Preferably, a threaded tube connected to the main support tube is installed on one side of the outer surface of the plurality of main support tubes, and a fastening bolt for fastening the secondary support tube is internally threaded into the plurality of threaded tubes.

[0014] Preferably, a construction method for a prefabricated modular open-cut tunnel assembly includes the following steps: S1: Cast the main body of the foundation slab on site at the bottom of the foundation pit. Embed longitudinal centering steel bars at predetermined positions inside both sides of the main body of the foundation slab. Weld a conical head for later locking to the top of each centering steel bar near the inside of the foundation slab. S2: The prefabricated side walls, which are prefabricated in the factory, are hoisted into the foundation pit and initially placed on both sides of the main body of the base plate. Through multiple slots opened at the bottom of the prefabricated side walls and the centering rings installed at the bottom of the slots, they are fitted into the centering steel bars on the base plate. This ensures that the wall remains parallel and vertical under the constraint of the centering steel bars, thus completing the initial positioning. S3: When the precast sidewall is lowered into place, since the wedge block pre-installed in the transverse groove of the precast sidewall cavity is parallel to the inclined side of the conical head, when the conical head contacts the wedge block, the two wedge blocks on both sides will move to both sides along the sliding rail. When the conical head moves to the point of disengaging from the inclined side of the wedge block, the spring releases the force and pops open, so that the wedge block is stuck under the conical head to form a lock. At this time, the construction personnel open the blocking plate and insert the two side rods through the fixing holes into the insertion holes to form a complete fixation. S4: Based on the width of the foundation pit, first stretch or contract the secondary support pipe to adjust the length of the entire support, so that one end of it abuts against the side of the precast side wall and the other end abuts against the main body of the cast-in-place base plate. After adjustment, lock the threaded pipe by rotating the fastening bolt to fix the position of the secondary support pipe in the main support pipe.

[0015] S5: Screw an anchor into the threaded tube at the top of the contact plate and rotate the anchor with a rotating rod so that its sharp end penetrates the precast side wall and bottom plate structure to form a temporary anchoring connection, further enhancing the temporary stability of the precast side wall. S6: Pour concrete into the precast side wall through the pre-reserved pouring holes, and finally pour the two side walls and the top slab. After pouring, remove the side support structure.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This prefabricated combined open-cut tunnel device and construction method, through the bottom plate structure and side wall structure, when the device is in use, the wall is always kept parallel to the centering steel bars by connecting the centering ring and the centering steel bars. At the same time, the wedge blocks lock the conical head, which can ensure the precise position of the prefabricated side wall after hoisting, prevent the prefabricated side wall from moving outward or overturning, and improve the overall stability and safety of the combined structure. 2. The prefabricated combined open-cut tunnel device and construction method, through the side wall structure, after the wedge block locks the conical head, the construction personnel can fix the position of the wedge block by inserting the rod through the fixing hole, thereby locking the wedge block as a whole and improving the stability of the prefabricated side wall. 3. This prefabricated combined open-cut tunnel device and construction method can support and temporarily fix the prefabricated sidewalls by using the anchoring function of the side bracing structure before pouring the wall and the top slab, so as to avoid displacement during the later pouring of concrete. At the same time, the telescopic function of the side bracing structure makes it adaptable to prefabricated sidewalls of different heights, thus improving its versatility. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the prefabricated sidewall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the conical head structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a partial schematic diagram of the prefabricated sidewall structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a partial schematic diagram of the transverse groove structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom of the prefabricated sidewall of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the socket structure of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the side support structure of the present invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Base plate structure; 101. Base plate main body; 102. Centering reinforcement; 103. Conical head; 2. Side wall structure; 21. Precast side wall; 22. Casting hole; 23. Horizontal groove; 24. Blocking plate; 25. Slot; 26. Centering ring; 27. Sliding rail; 28. Wedge block; 29. ​​Fixing hole; 210. Spring; 211. Insert rod; 212. Abutment plate; 213. Insertion hole; 3. Cast wall; 4. Cast top plate; 5. Side support structure; 51. Main support pipe; 52. Secondary support pipe; 53. Threaded pipe one; 54. Fastening bolt one; 55. Contact plate; 56. Threaded pipe two; 57. Anchor nail; 58. Rotating rod. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Please see Figures 1-8 A prefabricated modular open-cut tunnel device and construction method are disclosed, comprising a cast-in-place base slab structure 1, cast-in-place walls 3 on both sides, a cast-in-place top slab 4, and two side wall structures 2 prefabricated in a prefabrication yard. The base slab structure 1 includes a cast-in-place base slab body 101, with multiple longitudinally arranged centering steel bars 102 embedded inside both sides of the base slab body 101. Conical heads 103 for locking are welded to the top of the centering steel bars 102 near the inner side of the base slab body 101. The two side wall structures 2 include prefabricated side walls 21 prefabricated in a prefabrication yard and locking components disposed within them. The locking components include... Multiple transverse grooves 23 are longitudinally arranged in the wall and located at the bottom of the inner cavity of the precast side wall 21. Each transverse groove 23 is fixedly provided with a transversely extending sliding rail 27. Inside the sliding rail 27, there are wedges 28 that are elastically connected to the inner wall of the transverse groove 23 by springs 210. The wedge-shaped inclined surfaces of the multiple wedges 28 are parallel to the inclined surfaces of the conical head 103, so that the wedges 28 are passively slid outward to make room when the precast side wall 21 is lowered. After being lowered into place, the springs 210 drive the wedges 28 to rebound inward, so that their inclined surfaces are automatically locked under the conical head 103, realizing automatic and precise alignment and anti-slip locking in one hoisting.

[0021] Please see Figures 4-7Each precast sidewall 21 has a slot 25 at its bottom along the length direction corresponding to each centering steel bar 102. Each slot 25 has a centering ring 26 with an inner diameter that matches the outer diameter of the conical head 103. This allows the precast sidewall 21 to be quickly and accurately fitted into the centering steel bar 102 through the slots 25 and the centering rings 26 during the hoisting and lowering process. This achieves the initial guidance and vertical posture maintenance of the precast sidewall 21, greatly simplifying the alignment process and improving hoisting efficiency.

[0022] Please see Figures 4-7 Multiple transverse grooves 23 have detachable blocking plates 24 installed at the outer side openings; the bottom space of each transverse groove 23 is connected to the cavity and slot 25 in the corresponding precast side wall 21 above it, ensuring that this position is also a flow channel for concrete and enhancing the overall integrity of the precast side wall 21 and the post-cast concrete.

[0023] Please see Figures 4-7 On the vertically outward prefabricated surface of the two prefabricated side walls 21, multiple pouring holes 22 for pouring concrete are opened in layers along the height direction. The position and number of pouring holes 22 are designed to ensure the compactness of the concrete pouring in the lower part of the wall. The pouring holes 22 are connected to the slots 25 through the pre-set cavities inside the prefabricated side walls 21, so as to form a complete flow channel for concrete to be injected from the pouring holes 22, pass through the cavities, and finally fill the gap formed by the slots 25 and the centering steel bars 102.

[0024] Please see Figures 4-7 Multiple wedges 28 have fixing holes 29 perpendicular to the sliding direction for mechanical locking. Multiple transverse grooves 23 have an integral abutment plate 212 fixedly installed on their inner walls. A pair of cylindrical insertion holes 213 are symmetrically opened on the abutment plate 212 at positions corresponding to the wedges 28 and fixing holes 29. The position of the wedges 28 is locked by inserting rods 211 that pass through the fixing holes 29 and are simultaneously inserted into the insertion holes 213 on both ends of the abutment plate 212. This structure can achieve secondary mechanical locking of the self-locking wedges 28, preventing them from accidentally retracting under vibration or impact, and greatly improving the reliability and safety of the locking function.

[0025] Please see Figure 8 It also includes at least one pair of side bracing structures 5. The main body of each side bracing structure 5 is set between the side of the precast side wall 21 that has been precisely positioned and the main body of the bottom plate 101 that has been constructed. It is used to provide additional lateral rigid support and vertical anchoring for the precast side wall 21 before pouring concrete for the post-cast wall 3 and the cast top plate 4, so as to ensure that it does not produce any horizontal displacement during the pouring process and to ensure the dimensional accuracy and overall stability of the final combined structure.

[0026] Please see Figure 8Each set of side support structure 5 includes a main support tube 51 and a secondary support tube 52 that is sleeved inside it and can be slidably telescopically adjusted. The support span can be adjusted by adjusting the overlap length between the two. The opposite ends of the main support tube 51 and the secondary support tube 52 are equipped with contact plates 55 for contacting the side of the precast side wall 21 and the top surface of the base plate 101, which increases the support contact area, prevents stress concentration, and converts the concentrated force into a uniformly distributed load.

[0027] Please see Figure 8 Multiple contact plates 55 have a threaded tube 56 with internal threads vertically installed at the top center. The threaded tube 56 has a rotating and lifting anchor 57 that can be inserted into the side of the precast side wall 21 and the top of the concrete or ground of the base plate 101. The top of the multiple anchors 57 is equipped with a rotating rod 58 that is easy for construction personnel to rotate and operate. By screwing in the anchors 57, a temporary fixed connection between the side support structure 5 and the support surface can be achieved, which effectively overcomes the possible slippage at the support end and further enhances the overall rigidity and stability of the temporary support system.

[0028] Please see Figure 8 A threaded pipe 53, which communicates with the cavity of the main support pipe 51, is fixedly installed on the outer surface of multiple main support pipes 51 near the middle position. A fastening bolt 54, which can be screwed into and tightened against the outer wall of the auxiliary support pipe 52, is threaded inside the threaded pipe 53. By rotating the fastening bolt 54, the relative position of the adjusted main support pipe 51 and auxiliary support pipe 52 can be reliably locked, thereby achieving the fixation of the side support length. The operation is simple and secure.

[0029] A construction method for a prefabricated modular open-cut tunnel assembly includes the following steps: S1: Cast the main body of the base plate 101 on site at the bottom of the foundation pit. Embed longitudinal centering steel bars 102 at predetermined positions inside both sides of the main body of the base plate 101. Weld a conical head 103 for later locking to the top of each centering steel bar 102 near the inner side of the base plate. S2: The prefabricated side wall 21, which is prefabricated in the factory, is hoisted into the foundation pit and initially placed on both sides of the base plate 101. Through the multiple slots 25 opened at the bottom of the prefabricated side wall 21 and the centering rings 26 installed at the bottom of the slots, it is fitted into the centering steel bars 102 on the base plate. This allows the wall to always maintain a vertical state parallel to the centering steel bars 102 under their constraint, thus completing the initial positioning. S3: When the precast side wall 21 is lowered into place, since the wedge 28 pre-installed in the transverse groove 23 of the precast side wall 21 is parallel to the inclined side of the conical head 103, when the conical head 103 contacts the wedge 28, the two wedges 28 will move to both sides along the sliding rail 27. When the conical head 103 moves to the point of disengaging from the inclined side of the wedge 28, the spring 210 releases the force and springs open, so that the wedge 28 is stuck under the conical head 103 to form a lock. At this time, the construction personnel open the blocking plate 24 and insert the two side rods 211 through the fixing hole 29 into the insertion hole 213 to form a complete fixation. S4: Based on the width of the foundation pit, first stretch or contract the secondary support pipe 52 to adjust the length of the entire support, so that one end of it abuts against the side of the precast side wall 21 and the other end abuts against the main body of the cast-in-place base slab 101. After adjustment, lock the threaded pipe 53 by rotating the fastening bolt 54, thereby fixing the position of the secondary support pipe 52 in the main support pipe 51.

[0030] S5: Screw in the threaded tube 56 at the top of the contact plate 55, and rotate the anchor 57 with the rotating rod 58 so that its sharp end penetrates the precast side wall 21 and the bottom plate structure 1 to form a temporary anchoring connection, which further enhances the temporary stability of the precast side wall 21. S6: Pour concrete into the precast side wall 21 through the precast pouring hole 22, and finally pour the two side walls 3 and the top slab 4. After pouring, remove the side support structure 5.

[0031] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0032] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A prefabricated modular open-cut tunnel device, comprising a cast-in-place bottom slab structure (1), two cast-in-place side walls (3), a cast-in-place top slab (4), and two prefabricated side wall structures (2) in a prefabrication yard, characterized in that: The base plate structure (1) includes a base plate body (101) cast on site, and centering steel bars (102) are embedded inside both sides of the base plate body (101). Conical heads (103) for locking are welded to the top of the centering steel bars (102) on both sides near the inner side of the base plate body (101). The two side wall structures (2) include prefabricated side walls (21) and locking components that are prefabricated in the prefabrication yard; The locking component includes multiple sets of sliding rails (27) set in the transverse groove (23) inside the precast side wall (21), and two sets of sliding rails (27) are slidably fitted with wedges (28) with two springs (210) connected to the side, and the inclined surfaces of the multiple wedges (28) are parallel to the inclined surfaces of the conical head (103).

2. The prefabricated combined open-cut tunnel device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The prefabricated sidewalls (21) on both sides have multiple slots (25) at their bottom, and each slot (25) has a centering ring (26) with the same inner diameter as the conical head (103) installed at its bottom.

3. The prefabricated combined open-cut tunnel device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A blocking plate (24) is fitted on the outside of the plurality of transverse slots (23), and the plurality of transverse slots (23) are connected to the slot (25).

4. The prefabricated combined open-cut tunnel device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the precast sidewalls (21) on both sides is provided with pouring holes (22) for pouring concrete, and the multiple pouring holes (22) are connected to the slots (25).

5. A prefabricated combined open-cut tunnel device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wedges (28) are provided with fixing holes (29) for locking positions. The inner walls of the transverse grooves (23) are equipped with abutments (212). The abutments (212) are symmetrically provided with insertion holes (213). Insert rods (211) that pass through the fixing holes (29) and fix the wedges (28) are inserted into the insertion holes (213).

6. A prefabricated combined open-cut tunnel device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a side support structure (5), which includes a main support pipe (51) that is provided on the side of the precast side wall (21) and connected to the bottom plate structure (1).

7. A prefabricated combined open-cut tunnel device according to claim 6, characterized in that: Multiple main support tubes (51) are internally slidably fitted with secondary support tubes (52), and contact plates (55) are installed at the ends of the multiple main support tubes (51) and the multiple secondary support tubes (52).

8. A prefabricated combined open-cut tunnel device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The top of the multiple contact plates (55) is fitted with threaded tubes (56), and the multiple threaded tubes (56) are threaded together with anchors (57) that can be inserted into the base plate structure (1). The ends of the multiple anchors (57) are fitted with rotating rods (58) for construction workers to rotate.

9. A prefabricated combined open-cut tunnel device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A threaded tube (53) communicating with the main support tube (51) is installed on one side of the outer surface of the multiple main support tubes (51), and a fastening bolt (54) for fastening the secondary support tube (52) is threaded inside the multiple threaded tubes (53).

10. A construction method for a prefabricated combined open-cut tunnel device, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Cast the main body of the foundation slab (101) on site at the bottom of the foundation pit. At the predetermined positions inside both sides of the main body of the foundation slab (101), embed longitudinal centering steel bars (102). At the top of each centering steel bar (102) near the inner side of the foundation slab, weld a conical head (103) for later locking. S2: The prefabricated sidewalls (21) prefabricated in the factory are hoisted into the foundation pit and initially placed on both sides of the main body of the base plate (101). Through the multiple slots (25) opened at the bottom of the prefabricated sidewalls (21) and the centering rings (26) installed at the bottom of the slots, they are fitted into the centering steel bars (102) on the base plate. This allows the wall to always maintain a vertical state parallel to the centering steel bars (102) under their constraint, thus completing the initial positioning. S3: When the precast sidewall (21) is lowered into place, since the wedge (28) pre-installed in the transverse groove (23) of the precast sidewall (21) is parallel to the hypotenuse of the conical head (103), when the conical head (103) contacts the wedge (28), the two wedges (28) will move to both sides along the sliding rail (27). When the conical head (103) moves to the point of disengaging from the hypotenuse of the wedge (28), the spring (210) releases the force and springs open, so that the wedge (28) is stuck under the conical head (103) to form a lock. At this time, the construction personnel open the blocking plate (24) and insert the two side rods (211) through the fixing hole (29) into the insertion hole (213) to form a complete fixation. S4: Based on the width of the foundation pit, first stretch or shrink the secondary support pipe (52) to adjust the length of the entire support so that one end of it abuts against the side of the precast side wall (21) and the other end abuts against the main body of the cast-in-place base plate (101). After adjustment, lock the threaded pipe (53) by rotating the fastening bolt (54) to fix the position of the secondary support pipe (52) in the main support pipe (51). S5: Screw in the threaded tube 2 (56) at the top of the contact plate (55), and rotate the anchor (57) with the rotating rod (58) so that its sharp end penetrates the precast side wall (21) and the bottom plate structure (1) to form a temporary anchoring connection, further enhancing the temporary stability of the precast side wall (21). S6: Pour concrete into the precast side wall (21) through the precast pouring hole (22), and finally pour the two side walls (3) and the top plate (4). After pouring, remove the side support structure (5).

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