Cuttings bed simulation and monitoring experimental system
By using a cuttings bed simulation and monitoring experimental system, combined with electrical resistance tomography and particle image velocimetry, the microscopic characteristics of the cuttings bed were quantitatively characterized, solving the problem of insufficient parameter acquisition in existing technologies and improving drilling efficiency and safety.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA UNIV OF PETROLEUM (BEIJING)
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-09
Smart Images
Figure CN122171408A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of experimental equipment technology, and in particular to an experimental system for simulating and monitoring rock cuttings beds. Background Technology
[0002] During horizontal well drilling, due to gravity, cuttings particles tend to settle and accumulate at the bottom of the annulus, forming a cuttings bed. This bed not only significantly reduces drilling fluid cuttings carrying efficiency and hinders effective cuttings return to the surface, but also reduces the annular flow cross-sectional area and increases pressure loss, further exacerbating wellbore cleaning difficulties. In severe cases, it can induce serious engineering accidents such as stuck pipe, drill string fatigue damage, and mud pump stalling, making it one of the key bottlenecks restricting the safe and efficient development of oil and gas resources. Current cuttings transport research mainly relies on macroscopic experimental simulations and empirical models. Typical methods include high-speed camera observation of flow pattern evolution, laser ranging or ultrasonic measurement of bed height, and pressure / flow indirect inversion of cuttings carrying capacity. However, these experimental methods struggle to penetrate opaque annular channels, making it impossible to accurately obtain microscopic dynamic parameters such as the internal cross-sectional concentration distribution of the cuttings bed, particle spatial configuration evolution, local accumulation rate, and the three-dimensional velocity vector of the adjacent flow field. This results in a lack of quantitative basis for drilling parameter optimization. Therefore, how to overcome the limitations of existing experimental equipment and achieve quantitative characterization of the microscopic features of the cuttings bed from initial settlement and structural development to instability and migration, so as to better study the cuttings transport process and the mechanism of drilling parameter influence, has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention
[0003] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a cuttings bed simulation and monitoring experimental system, which is used to realize the quantitative characterization of the microscopic features of the cuttings bed from initial settlement, structural development to instability and migration, so as to better study the cuttings transport process and the mechanism of drilling parameter influence.
[0004] The above-mentioned objectives of this invention can be achieved by the following technical solution: This invention provides a rock cuttings bed simulation and monitoring experimental system, comprising: A cuttings bed simulation component includes a simulated wellbore, a drill pipe module inserted into the simulated wellbore, a rotary drive module for driving the drill pipe module, and a fluid circulation module. The fluid circulation module is connected to the simulated wellbore for injecting fluid containing cuttings and tracer particles. The annulus between the simulated wellbore and the drill pipe module is used to form a cuttings bed. The resistivity tomography module includes a resistivity analysis device and a sensor electrode array electrically connected to the resistivity analysis device. The sensor electrode array includes multiple sensor electrodes spaced in a ring around the simulated wellbore and inserted into the annulus. The resistivity analysis device is used to input a preset frequency AC signal to the fluid in the annulus through the sensor electrodes. The sensor electrodes are used to collect and upload the response electrical signal in the annulus in real time. The particle image velocimetry module includes a laser emitter and a first ultra-high-definition cross-frame camera. The laser emitter is used to emit laser sheet light to illuminate the flow field in the annular space, and the first ultra-high-definition cross-frame camera is used to capture and upload the flow field in the annular space.
[0005] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rock cuttings bed simulation and monitoring experimental system further includes a data acquisition and parameter control module. The data acquisition and parameter control module is electrically connected to the resistivity tomography module and the particle image velocimetry module. The data acquisition and parameter control module can calculate at least one of the following data based on the data uploaded by the resistivity tomography module: rock cuttings concentration field distribution, rock cuttings bed thickness, and local rock cuttings bulk density of the annular cross section. The data acquisition and parameter control module can also calculate at least one of the following data based on the particle image velocimetry module: three-dimensional velocity vector of the flow field in the annulus, instantaneous transport velocity of rock cuttings particles, and surface slip velocity of the rock cuttings bed.
[0006] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fluid circulation module includes a circulation pipeline for connecting the simulated wellbore, and a first circulation valve, a solid-liquid two-phase mixing tank, a second circulation valve, and a solid-liquid two-phase suction pump arranged sequentially along the conveying direction of the circulation pipeline. The fluid circulation module also includes a rotary stirrer disposed on the solid-liquid two-phase mixing tank.
[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cuttings bed simulation assembly further includes a wellbore placement platform, the simulated wellbore is disposed on the wellbore placement platform, and the drill pipe module includes a high borosilicate glass drill pipe inserted into the simulated wellbore.
[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the particle image velocimetry module further includes a movable guide rail structure disposed above the simulated wellbore, and the laser emitter is adjustablely disposed on the movable guide rail structure, wherein the laser emitter is a dual-pulse laser.
[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rotary drive module includes a continuously variable speed motor and a transmission structure disposed between the continuously variable speed motor and the drill pipe module, wherein the continuously variable speed motor can drive the drill pipe module to rotate through the transmission structure.
[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the particle image velocimetry module further includes a water tank and a first water prism group disposed on the water tank. At least a portion of the simulated well is disposed in the water tank. The water tank and the first water prism group are used to correct optical distortion. The first ultra-high-definition cross-frame camera device is capable of capturing the flow field in the annular space through the first water prism group and the water tank.
[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first water prism group includes two first water prisms symmetrically arranged on both sides of the water tank, and two first ultra-high-definition cross-frame imaging devices are correspondingly provided, wherein the first ultra-high-definition cross-frame imaging device is a first ultra-high-definition cross-frame CMOS camera.
[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the particle image velocimetry module further includes a flow field calibration box, a second water prism group disposed on the flow field calibration box, and a second ultra-high-definition cross-frame camera device. The flow field calibration box is disposed above the simulated well shaft. The second ultra-high-definition cross-frame camera device, the flow field calibration box, and the second water prism group can be used to calibrate the spatial scale and vector accuracy of the particle image velocimetry module before data acquisition.
[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second water prism group includes two second water prisms symmetrically arranged on both sides of the flow field calibration box, and two corresponding second ultra-high-definition cross-frame imaging devices are provided, wherein the second ultra-high-definition cross-frame imaging device is a second ultra-high-definition cross-frame CMOS camera.
[0014] The technical solution of the present invention has the following significant beneficial effects: The cuttings bed simulation and monitoring experimental system described in this invention achieves quantitative characterization of the microscopic features of the entire process of cuttings bed from initial settlement and structural development to instability and migration, thereby enabling better research on the cuttings transport process and the mechanism of drilling parameter influence. Specifically, the cuttings bed simulation component can simulate the processes of cuttings bed accumulation, development, bed formation, and transport. Furthermore, through the cooperation of the electrical resistance tomography (ERT) module and the particle image velocimetry (PIV) module, multi-dimensional and real-time quantitative monitoring of the cuttings bed can be performed in the annulus between the simulated wellbore and drill pipe modules. The system acquires and uploads the response electrical signals and flow field data in the annulus in real time, realizing the quantitative extraction and monitoring of microscopic characteristic parameters of cuttings transport during drilling cuttings carrying process. This provides data support for high-precision inversion of cuttings concentration field distribution, cuttings bed thickness, local cuttings packing density, three-dimensional velocity vector of the flow field, instantaneous transport velocity of cuttings particles, and surface slip velocity of the cuttings bed. Based on the experimental data obtained from this cuttings bed simulation and monitoring experimental system, joint analysis can be performed on flow field morphology, concentration distribution, and particle movement patterns. This provides complete hardware support and high-precision micro-data sets for evaluating drilling cuttings carrying efficiency, studying the evolution mechanism of cuttings beds, and constructing wellbore cleaning models, significantly improving the theoretical understanding and engineering optimization capabilities for safe and efficient drilling of oil and gas horizontal wells. Attached Figure Description
[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0016] The accompanying drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. Furthermore, the shapes and proportions of the components in the drawings are merely illustrative to aid in understanding the invention and do not specifically limit the shapes and proportions of the components. Those skilled in the art, guided by the teachings of this invention, can select various possible shapes and proportions to implement the invention according to specific circumstances.
[0017] Figure 1 This is a side view of one embodiment of the rock cuttings bed simulation and monitoring experimental system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view schematic diagram of an embodiment of the rock cuttings bed simulation and monitoring experimental system of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of section AA; Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the BB section; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting structure of one embodiment of the sensor electrode described in this invention.
[0018] The reference numerals in the above figures are as follows: 10. Circumference; 100. Cuttings bed simulation component; 110. Simulated wellbore; 120. Drill pipe module; 130. Rotary drive module; 131. Steplessly variable speed motor; 132. Transmission structure; 140. Fluid circulation module; 141. Circulation pipeline; 142. First circulation valve; 143. Solid-liquid two-phase mixing tank; 144. Second circulation valve; 145. Solid-liquid two-phase suction pump; 146. Rotary agitator; 150. Wellbore placement platform; 200. Resistance tomography module; 210. Resistivity analysis device; 220. Sensor electrode; 300. Particle image velocimetry module; 310. Laser emitter; 320. First ultra-high-definition cross-frame camera device; 330. Moving guide rail structure; 340. Water tank; 350. First water prism group; 360. Flow field calibration box; 370. Second water prism group; 380. Second ultra-high-definition cross-frame camera device; 400. Data acquisition and parameter control module. Detailed Implementation
[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0020] Please refer to the following: Figures 1 to 5As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a cuttings bed simulation and monitoring experimental system. This system includes a cuttings bed simulation component 100, a resistivity tomography module 200, and a particle image velocimetry module 300. The cuttings bed simulation component 100 includes a simulated wellbore 110, a drill pipe module 120 inserted into the simulated wellbore 110, a rotary drive module 130 for driving the drill pipe module 120, and a fluid circulation module 140. The fluid circulation module 140 is connected to the simulated wellbore 110 for injecting fluid containing cuttings and tracer particles. The annulus 10 between the simulated wellbore 110 and the drill pipe module 120 is used to form a cuttings bed. The resistivity tomography module 200 includes a resistivity analysis device 2. 10. A sensor electrode array electrically connected to the resistivity analysis device 210, the sensor electrode array including multiple sensor electrodes 220 spaced in a ring on the simulated wellbore 110 and inserted into the annulus 10, the resistivity analysis device 210 is used to input a preset frequency AC signal to the fluid in the annulus 10 through the sensor electrodes 220, the sensor electrodes 220 are used to collect and upload the response electrical signal in the annulus 10 in real time; the particle image velocimetry module 300 includes a laser emitter 310 and a first ultra-high-definition cross-frame camera 320, the laser emitter 310 is used to emit laser sheet light to illuminate the flow field in the annulus 10, and the first ultra-high-definition cross-frame camera 320 is used to capture and upload the flow field in the annulus 10.
[0021] Overall, this cuttings bed simulation and monitoring experimental system has achieved quantitative characterization of the microscopic features of the cuttings bed from initial settlement and structural development to instability and migration, thus enabling better research on the cuttings transport process and the mechanism of drilling parameter influence.
[0022] Specifically, the cuttings bed simulation component 100 can simulate the processes of cuttings bed accumulation, development, formation, and transport. Furthermore, through the cooperation of the electrical resistance tomography (ERT) module 200 and the particle image velocimetry (PIV) module 300, multi-dimensional, real-time quantitative monitoring of the cuttings bed can be performed in the annulus 10 between the simulated wellbore 110 and the drill pipe module 120. The response electrical signals and flow field data in the annulus 10 are acquired and uploaded in real time, enabling the quantitative extraction and monitoring of microscopic characteristic parameters of cuttings transport during drilling. This provides data support for high-precision inversion of cuttings concentration field distribution, cuttings bed thickness, local cuttings density, three-dimensional velocity vector of the flow field, instantaneous transport velocity of cuttings particles, and surface slip velocity of the cuttings bed.
[0023] Based on the experimental data obtained from this cuttings bed simulation and monitoring experimental system, joint analysis can be performed on flow field morphology, concentration distribution, and particle movement patterns. This provides complete hardware support and high-precision micro-data sets for evaluating drilling cuttings carrying efficiency, studying the evolution mechanism of cuttings beds, and constructing wellbore cleaning models, significantly improving the theoretical understanding and engineering optimization capabilities for safe and efficient drilling of oil and gas horizontal wells.
[0024] In embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 The illustrated embodiment of the cuttings bed simulation and monitoring experimental system further includes a data acquisition and parameter control module 400. The data acquisition and parameter control module 400 is electrically connected to the resistance tomography imaging module 200 and the particle image velocimetry module 300. The data acquisition and parameter control module 400 can calculate at least one of the following data based on the data uploaded by the resistance tomography imaging module 200: the cuttings concentration field distribution, the cuttings bed thickness, and the local packing density of cuttings in the annular space 10 section. The data acquisition and parameter control module 400 can also calculate at least one of the following data based on the particle image velocimetry module 300: the three-dimensional velocity vector of the flow field in the annular space 10, the instantaneous transport velocity of cuttings particles, and the surface slip velocity of the cuttings bed.
[0025] By setting up the data acquisition and parameter control module 400, the system achieves precise binding and structured storage of all elements of ERT concentration time series data, PIV velocity field image / vector data and key operating parameters (such as rotation speed, flow rate, and eccentricity), ensuring that each set of concentration map and velocity vector map corresponds to unique and traceable experimental conditions.
[0026] Furthermore, the data acquisition and parameter control module 400 can perform joint analysis of flow field morphology, concentration distribution, and particle movement patterns by using a preset program or manually, providing complete hardware support and high-precision micro-data sets for evaluating drilling cuttings carrying efficiency, studying the evolution mechanism of cuttings beds, and constructing wellbore cleaning models.
[0027] In embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 3 and Figure 5 In the illustrated embodiment, the resistivity analysis device 210 injects a specific frequency AC signal into the annulus 10 fluid via a sensor electrode array. The asymmetric stacking of the rock cuttings bed alters the conductivity distribution of the medium in the annulus 10. The sensor electrode 220 can acquire the response electrical signal in real time and transmit it to the data acquisition and parameter control module 400. The data acquisition and parameter control module 400 uses a built-in image reconstruction and numerical conversion algorithm to invert and obtain quantitative data such as the rock cuttings concentration field distribution, rock cuttings bed thickness, and local rock cuttings density in the annulus 10 cross-section. Furthermore, by calibrating the resistivity of the ERT with empty tubes, full liquid phase, and known solid concentration standard samples, a resistivity-solid concentration standard correspondence can be established, ensuring the accuracy of subsequent concentration inversion.
[0028] In embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 In the embodiment shown, the fluid circulation module 140 includes a circulation pipeline 141 for connecting to the simulated wellbore 110, and a first circulation valve 142, a solid-liquid two-phase mixing tank 143, a second circulation valve 144, and a solid-liquid two-phase suction pump 145 arranged sequentially along the conveying direction of the circulation pipeline 141. The fluid circulation module 140 also includes a rotary stirrer 146 disposed on the solid-liquid two-phase mixing tank 143.
[0029] Designers can adjust the specific composition of the fluid according to usage requirements, without specific limitations. Preferably, the fluid is stored in the solid-liquid two-phase mixing tank 143. The liquid phase of the fluid is water, mixed with neutral tracer particles that match the refractive index of water and have no settling characteristics, thus meeting the PIV flow field identification requirements. The solid phase in the fluid uses uniformly sized quartz sand particles to simulate drilling cuttings. Ideally, the density and particle size distribution of the quartz sand particles should be consistent with the cuttings returned from the site.
[0030] In the experiment, experimental parameters such as the eccentricity of the annulus 10, the constant rotation speed of the drill pipe, and the constant flow rate of the solid-liquid two-phase suction pump 145 can be preset and recorded. The solid-liquid two-phase suction pump 145 drives the fluid in the solid-liquid two-phase mixing tank 143 to circulate in the circulation pipeline 141, thereby forming a stable annular solid-liquid two-phase flow and a steady-state cuttings bed, providing a stable operating condition basis for monitoring microscopic parameters. Furthermore, the opening and closing of the circulation pipeline 141 and the flow rate can be controlled by the first circulation valve 142 and the second circulation valve 144.
[0031] Specifically, the process of establishing the circulation path is as follows: First, the rotary stirrer 146 is turned on, and the water, tracer particles and quartz sand particles are thoroughly stirred in the solid-liquid two-phase mixing tank 143 to form a uniform solid-liquid two-phase fluid; then, the first circulation valve 142 and the second circulation valve 144 and the solid-liquid two-phase suction pump 145 are turned on in sequence, and the fluid is injected into the annulus 10 between the simulated wellbore 110 and the drill pipe module 120 through the circulation pipeline 141. After flowing through the monitoring areas of the resistivity tomography module 200 (ERT) and the particle image velocity measurement module 300 (PIV), it flows back to the solid-liquid two-phase mixing tank 143 through the second circulation valve 144 and continues to run until the flow field is stable and there is no local air blockage or particle accumulation, thus forming a fluid-solid two-phase circulation closed loop.
[0032] In embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 In the embodiment shown, the cuttings bed simulation assembly 100 also includes a wellbore placement platform 150, a simulated wellbore 110 is disposed on the wellbore placement platform 150, and a drill pipe module 120 includes a high borosilicate glass drill pipe inserted into the simulated wellbore 110.
[0033] Specifically, the outer wall of the simulated wellbore 110 is connected to the wellbore placement platform 150 via a flange structure. The wellbore placement platform 150 provides stable support and precise positioning for the simulated wellbore 110, ensuring its attitude stability under different inclination angles and eccentric conditions. Furthermore, by adjusting the geometry of the simulated wellbore 110 and the borosilicate glass drill pipe, an eccentric annulus for solid-liquid two-phase flow circulation can be formed according to experimental needs. The simulated wellbore 110 is also made transparent, allowing designers to adjust its material as needed; no specific limitations are imposed here.
[0034] Among them, the high borosilicate glass drill pipe has excellent optical transparency, with a light transmittance of >90%, which makes it easier for the first ultra-high-definition cross-frame camera device 320 to more clearly capture the morphology of the cuttings bed and the particle transport trajectory area within the annulus 10, providing an equipment basis for in-situ, real-time, and multimodal visualization research on the dynamic evolution process of the cuttings bed.
[0035] Furthermore, the high borosilicate glass drill pipe eliminates the influence of drill pipe conductivity, improves the measurement accuracy of the sensor electrode array, and thus enables real-time and accurate extraction of the particle concentration distribution in the annulus cross section under different drilling parameter conditions.
[0036] In embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 In the embodiment shown, the particle image velocimetry module 300 also includes a movable guide rail structure 330 disposed above the simulated wellbore 110, and a laser emitter 310 is adjustablely disposed on the movable guide rail structure 330. The laser emitter 310 is a dual-pulse laser.
[0037] By setting a movable guide rail structure 330 above the simulated wellbore 110 and adjusting the dual-pulse laser on the movable guide rail structure 330, the adjustment flexibility of the dual-pulse laser is improved.
[0038] The dual-pulse laser can be precisely positioned to the target measurement section through the moving guide rail structure 330, and emit laser sheet light to illuminate the flow field in the annulus 10. The tracer particles and rock cutting particles form identifiable scattered light spots within the laser sheet light. The first ultra-high-definition cross-frame camera device 320 continuously acquires motion images in a high-frequency cross-frame mode and uploads them to the data acquisition and parameter control module 400 for calculation. This allows the extraction of microscopic parameters such as the three-dimensional velocity vector of the annulus flow field, the instantaneous transport velocity of rock cutting particles, and the sliding velocity of the rock cutting bed surface, thus realizing the quantitative characterization of the velocity field under asymmetric bed conditions.
[0039] In embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1In the embodiment shown, the rotary drive module 130 includes a continuously variable speed motor 131 and a transmission structure 132 disposed between the continuously variable speed motor 131 and the drill pipe module 120. The continuously variable speed motor 131 can drive the drill pipe module 120 to rotate through the transmission structure 132.
[0040] Designers can adjust the specific structure of the transmission structure 132 according to the needs of use, and no specific restrictions are imposed here. For example, the transmission structure 132 can be set as a gear transmission structure, a pulley transmission structure, a worm gear, etc.
[0041] Specifically, the target rotation speed is set through the data acquisition and parameter control system, and the stepless speed-regulating motor 131 is started to drive the drill pipe module 120 to rotate, thereby simulating the shearing and disturbance effect of the drill pipe rotation on the flow field in the annulus 10 in actual drilling, so as to form an asymmetric cuttings bed and a complex three-dimensional flow field.
[0042] When the first ultra-high-definition cross-frame camera 320 directly captures the annulus 10, the drilling fluid in the cylindrical annulus 10 between the simulated wellbore 110 and the drill pipe will cause light distortion, resulting in inaccurate data acquired by the first ultra-high-definition cross-frame camera 320.
[0043] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, in the embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 In the embodiment shown, the particle image velocimetry module 300 further includes a water tank 340 and a first water prism group 350 disposed on the water tank 340. At least a portion of the simulated well shaft 110 is disposed in the water tank 340. The water tank 340 and the first water prism group 350 are used to correct optical distortion. The first ultra-high-definition cross-frame camera 320 can capture the flow field in the annulus 10 through the first water prism group 350 and the water tank 340.
[0044] By placing at least a portion of the simulated wellbore 110 in a water tank 340, which is filled with a calibration fluid that matches the refractive index of the drilling fluid, the light distortion caused by the curvature of the simulated wellbore 110 wall and the abrupt change in the medium is essentially eliminated.
[0045] Furthermore, by setting the first water prism group 350, the fine-tuning of the optical path is further realized. The first water prism group 350, together with the water tank 340, can perform the final calibration of the field of view of the first ultra-high-definition cross-frame camera device 320, ensuring that the calibration ratio of the image edge and center is consistent and the spatial coordinates are accurate.
[0046] Specifically, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4In the embodiment shown, the first water prism group 350 includes two first water prisms symmetrically arranged on both sides of the water tank 340, and two corresponding first ultra-high-definition cross-frame imaging devices 320 are provided. The first ultra-high-definition cross-frame imaging device 320 is a first ultra-high-definition cross-frame CMOS camera.
[0047] By employing a collaborative architecture of a first water prism arranged symmetrically on both sides and two first ultra-high-definition cross-frame CMOS cameras, three-dimensional synchronous observation of the annular flow field, three-dimensional velocity vector reconstruction, and active suppression of parallax errors were achieved. In particular, for the strong three-dimensional dynamic characteristics such as the surface undulations of the cuttings bed, particle jump trajectories, and near-wall shear vortex structures, the component perpendicular to the wellbore axis can be quantitatively analyzed, providing an irreplaceable experimental equipment foundation for revealing the three-dimensional rock-carrying mechanism under the coupling of rotation and circulation.
[0048] By controlling the positional relationship of the first ultra-high-definition cross-frame CMOS camera, dual-pulse laser, and first water prism group 350 in the particle image velocimetry module 300, and in conjunction with the high borosilicate glass drill pipe, the two-dimensional / three-dimensional velocity characteristics of particles and flow fields in the annulus 10 under different drilling parameter conditions can be extracted in real time.
[0049] In embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 4 In the embodiment shown, the particle image velocimetry module 300 further includes a flow field calibration box 360, a second water prism group 370 disposed on the flow field calibration box 360, and a second ultra-high-definition cross-frame camera device 380. The flow field calibration box 360 is disposed above the simulated well shaft 110. The second ultra-high-definition cross-frame camera device 380, the flow field calibration box 360, and the second water prism group 370 can be used to calibrate the spatial scale and vector accuracy of the particle image velocimetry module 300 before data acquisition.
[0050] By setting up the flow field calibration box 360, the second water prism group 370, and the second ultra-high-definition cross-frame camera device 380, the PIV calibration function was achieved, solving the core problem of spatial scale drift and vector direction inaccuracy in the optical environment of the simulated wellbore 110.
[0051] Specifically, the second water prism group 370 includes two second water prisms symmetrically arranged on both sides of the flow field calibration box 360, and two corresponding second ultra-high-definition cross-frame camera devices 380 are provided. The second ultra-high-definition cross-frame camera device 380 is a second ultra-high-definition cross-frame CMOS camera.
[0052] Specifically, the flow field calibration box 360 incorporates a three-dimensional micron-level grid target and a programmable LED point light source array, enabling joint calibration of pixels, physical dimensions, laser sheet thickness, camera tilt angle, and dual-view geometry under real fluid filling and wellbore temperature and pressure simulation conditions.
[0053] Among them, the second water prism group 370 is optically isomorphic and materially derived from the first water prism group 350, ensuring that the refraction path during calibration is completely consistent with that during actual measurement, eliminating systematic errors introduced by the difference in the "calibration-measurement" environment; the second ultra-high-definition cross-frame CMOS camera is synchronized with the first ultra-high-definition cross-frame CMOS camera in terms of model, frame rate, and trigger logic, realizing seamless mapping of calibration data and experimental data in the spatiotemporal domain.
[0054] By using the flow field calibration box 360, the spatial scale and vector accuracy of PIV were calibrated, eliminating measurement errors caused by optical path and camera distortion, thereby improving shooting accuracy.
[0055] All articles and references disclosed herein, including patent applications and publications, are incorporated herein by reference for various purposes. The term “substantially constitutes…” used to describe a combination should include the identified element, component, part, or step, as well as other elements, components, parts, or steps that do not substantially affect the essential novelty of the combination. The use of the terms “comprising” or “including” to describe combinations of elements, components, parts, or steps herein also contemplates embodiments substantially constituted by such elements, components, parts, or steps. The use of the term “may” herein is intended to indicate that any described attribute “may” include is optional. Multiple elements, components, parts, or steps can be provided by a single integrated element, component, part, or step. Alternatively, a single integrated element, component, part, or step can be divided into multiple separate elements, components, parts, or steps. The disclosure of “a” or “an” used to describe an element, component, part, or step does not imply exclusion of other elements, components, parts, or steps.
[0056] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A rock cuttings bed simulation and monitoring experimental system, characterized in that, include: A cuttings bed simulation component includes a simulated wellbore, a drill pipe module inserted into the simulated wellbore, a rotary drive module for driving the drill pipe module, and a fluid circulation module. The fluid circulation module is connected to the simulated wellbore for injecting fluid containing cuttings and tracer particles. The annulus between the simulated wellbore and the drill pipe module is used to form a cuttings bed. The resistivity tomography module includes a resistivity analysis device and a sensor electrode array electrically connected to the resistivity analysis device. The sensor electrode array includes multiple sensor electrodes spaced in a ring around the simulated wellbore and inserted into the annulus. The resistivity analysis device is used to input a preset frequency AC signal to the fluid in the annulus through the sensor electrodes. The sensor electrodes are used to collect and upload the response electrical signal in the annulus in real time. The particle image velocimetry module includes a laser emitter and a first ultra-high-definition cross-frame camera. The laser emitter is used to emit laser sheet light to illuminate the flow field in the annular space, and the first ultra-high-definition cross-frame camera is used to capture and upload the flow field in the annular space.
2. The rock cuttings bed simulation and monitoring experimental system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rock cuttings bed simulation and monitoring experimental system also includes a data acquisition and parameter control module. The data acquisition and parameter control module is electrically connected to the resistivity tomography module and the particle image velocimetry module. The data acquisition and parameter control module can calculate at least one of the following data based on the data uploaded by the resistivity tomography module: rock cuttings concentration field distribution, rock cuttings bed thickness, and local rock cuttings bulk density of the annular section. The data acquisition and parameter control module can also calculate at least one of the following data based on the particle image velocimetry module: three-dimensional velocity vector of the flow field in the annulus, instantaneous transport velocity of rock cuttings particles, and surface slip velocity of the rock cuttings bed.
3. The rock cuttings bed simulation and monitoring experimental system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fluid circulation module includes a circulation pipeline for connecting the simulated wellbore, and a first circulation valve, a solid-liquid two-phase mixing tank, a second circulation valve, and a solid-liquid two-phase suction pump arranged sequentially along the conveying direction of the circulation pipeline. The fluid circulation module also includes a rotary stirrer installed on the solid-liquid two-phase mixing tank.
4. The rock cuttings bed simulation and monitoring experimental system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cuttings bed simulation component also includes a wellbore placement platform, on which the simulated wellbore is placed, and the drill pipe module includes high borosilicate glass drill pipes inserted into the simulated wellbore.
5. The cuttings bed simulation and monitoring experimental system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The particle image velocimetry module also includes a movable guide rail structure disposed above the simulated wellbore, and the laser emitter is adjustablely disposed on the movable guide rail structure. The laser emitter is a dual-pulse laser.
6. The cuttings bed simulation and monitoring experimental system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rotary drive module includes a continuously variable speed motor and a transmission structure disposed between the continuously variable speed motor and the drill pipe module. The continuously variable speed motor can drive the drill pipe module to rotate through the transmission structure.
7. The rock cuttings bed simulation and monitoring experimental system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The particle image velocimetry module also includes a water tank and a first water prism group disposed on the water tank. At least part of the simulated well is disposed in the water tank. The water tank and the first water prism group are used to correct optical distortion. The first ultra-high-definition cross-frame camera device can capture the flow field in the annular space through the first water prism group and the water tank.
8. The cuttings bed simulation and monitoring experimental system as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The first water prism group includes two first water prisms symmetrically arranged on both sides of the water tank, and two first ultra-high-definition cross-frame imaging devices are correspondingly provided. The first ultra-high-definition cross-frame imaging device is a first ultra-high-definition cross-frame CMOS camera.
9. The cuttings bed simulation and monitoring experimental system as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The particle image velocimetry module also includes a flow field calibration box, a second water prism group disposed on the flow field calibration box, and a second ultra-high-definition cross-frame camera device. The flow field calibration box is disposed above the simulated well shaft. The second ultra-high-definition cross-frame camera device, the flow field calibration box, and the second water prism group can be used to calibrate the spatial scale and vector accuracy of the particle image velocimetry module before data acquisition.
10. The rock cuttings bed simulation and monitoring experimental system as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The second water prism group includes two second water prisms symmetrically arranged on both sides of the flow field calibration box. There are two corresponding second ultra-high-definition cross-frame camera devices, which are second ultra-high-definition cross-frame CMOS cameras.