Capacitive deionization system field performance prediction method and device based on cross-scale inverse mapping

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on the field performance prediction method and device of capacitive deionization system reverse mapping across scale, and the method steps include: step S01. Obtain the field device parameter of target capacitive deionization system;Step S02. The field device parameters obtained are respectively corrected to map to equivalent single electrode pair test condition by multistage reverse correction, multistage reverse correction includes voltage correction, water inlet conductivity correction and flow correction, to respectively correspond to the equivalent test voltage of single electrode pair, equivalent test water inlet conductivity and equivalent test flow obtained by mapping;Step S03. Obtain the equivalent test effluent conductivity tested under the equivalent single electrode pair test condition;Step S04. Mass transfer compensation is carried out to the effluent conductivity of single electrode pair tested, to obtain field effluent conductivity to predict system performance.The application has the advantages of simple implementation method, low cost, high prediction efficiency and high precision.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water treatment system technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for predicting the on-site performance of a capacitive deionization system based on cross-scale inverse mapping. Background Technology

[0002] Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a highly efficient desalination technology based on electrochemical adsorption. Its core principle is to construct a double-layer structure on the surface of a porous electrode by applying an external DC power supply, thereby achieving selective adsorption and separation of ions. When a saline aqueous solution flows through a channel composed of one or more pairs of electrodes, ions migrate to the electrode surface with opposite charges under the drive of an electric field and are stored through two mechanisms: first, double-layer adsorption, where ions in the solution form a tightly adsorbed double layer on the electrode surface, achieving rapid ion capture through electrostatic interactions; second, micropore-filling adsorption, utilizing the microporous structure of porous electrode materials (such as activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphene, etc.) to further enhance the ion storage capacity, which is particularly suitable for treating water with high salt concentrations. The adsorption process is accompanied by a decrease in the ion concentration in the solution, thereby achieving water purification and producing low-salt freshwater. When the adsorption on the electrode surface reaches saturation, the adsorbed ions are released back into the bulk solution by reversing or short-circuiting the power supply. The desorbed high-salt solution is discharged from the system with the water flow, ultimately achieving a cyclical operation of salt concentration and electrode regeneration. CDI technology has been widely used in seawater desalination, industrial wastewater treatment and drinking water purification due to its advantages such as low energy consumption (typically <1 kWh / m³), environmental friendliness (no chemical reagents required) and modular design flexibility.

[0003] The performance differences between laboratory devices and field equipment during the transition of CDI technology from laboratory research to engineering applications hinder its large-scale adoption. This makes it difficult for laboratory-scale test data to accurately guide the design and operation of field equipment. Field CDI devices are more complex than laboratory single-electrode pairs, typically consisting of multiple modules connected in series. The contact resistance between these modules increases exponentially, leading to uneven voltage distribution and energy loss. Uneven current distribution between parallel electrodes, influenced by differences in electrode impedance and flow channel geometry, also reduces overall desalination efficiency. Field equipment cannot directly measure the performance of a single electrode pair (e.g., current density, voltage distribution), and test results from laboratory single-electrode pairs are difficult to apply effectively to complex systems, making it challenging to quickly and accurately predict the performance of field equipment.

[0004] To apply laboratory test results to field equipment, existing technologies typically employ traditional proportional scaling methods, full-parameter digital simulation methods, and purely empirical scaling methods. However, all of these methods have unavoidable drawbacks. Traditional proportional scaling methods ignore nonlinear coupling effects, assuming that physical parameters (such as flow velocity and voltage) are linearly related to equipment size. In reality, parameters such as contact resistance and mass transfer rate have exponential or power-law relationships with the number of modules and parallel electrodes. Edge electric field distortion and boundary layer changes caused by changes in flow channel size are also not included in the model, ultimately leading to significant errors in the amplified prediction results and rendering them ineffective. Full-parameter digital simulation methods rely on idealized assumptions. Accurate simulation of multi-physics coupling (electric field-flow field-mass transfer field) requires the establishment of complex three-dimensional models. However, modeling processes such as the electric double layer charge distribution on the electrode surface and ion diffusion within micropores still relies on simplified assumptions, making it difficult to reflect real-world conditions. Furthermore, simulation of large-scale equipment consumes significant computational resources, and model verification relies on high-precision experimental data, limiting its engineering practicality. Purely empirical scaling-up methods require accumulating a large amount of laboratory and field data to establish statistical models. However, the performance of CDI devices is affected by many factors such as electrode materials, flow channel design, and operating conditions. The universality of empirical models is limited, and empirical models are difficult to adapt to the performance prediction of new electrode materials or non-standard configuration devices. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is as follows: In view of the technical problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a simple, low-cost, and highly efficient and accurate method and device for predicting the field performance of capacitive deionization systems based on cross-scale inverse mapping. It can map complex field conditions to equivalent single-electrode pair test conditions based on the cross-scale inverse mapping mechanism, so that the test results can be reused to accurately predict the field effluent conductivity, thereby quickly and accurately predicting the field equipment performance.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution proposed by this invention is as follows: A method for predicting the field performance of a capacitive deionization system based on cross-scale inverse mapping, comprising the following steps: Step S01. Obtaining Field Parameters: Obtain the field equipment parameters of the target capacitor deionization system; Step S02. Cross-scale reverse mapping: The acquired field equipment parameters are subjected to multi-level reverse correction to map to the equivalent single electrode pair test conditions. The multi-level reverse correction includes voltage correction, influent conductivity correction and flow rate correction, so as to respectively map to obtain the equivalent test voltage, equivalent test influent conductivity and equivalent test flow rate of the single electrode pair. Step S03. Test Result Acquisition: Obtain the equivalent test water conductivity obtained under the test conditions of the equivalent single electrode pair; Step S04. On-site performance prediction: Mass transfer coefficient compensation is performed on the equivalent test water conductivity obtained from the test to obtain the on-site water conductivity of the on-site equipment in order to predict the performance of the target capacitor deionization system.

[0007] Furthermore, the field equipment parameters include any one or more of the following: field system parameters, field electrical parameters, field electrode dimensions, field single-channel geometry, and field hydraulic parameters. The field system parameters include the number of modules connected in series and the number of parallel pairs of electrodes per module. The field electrical parameters include the total field voltage. Total current at site and the internal resistance of a single pair of electrodes in the field The field electrode dimensions include the electrode thickness. ,length and width The on-site single-channel geometry includes the length of the single channel. ,width and height The on-site hydraulic parameters include the total on-site flow rate. and the conductivity of the influent at the site .

[0008] Furthermore, the voltage correction includes any one or more of the following: multi-module series correction, single-module multi-electrode pair parallel correction, and single-electrode pair size correction. The multi-module series correction is used to compensate for the contact loss of multi-module series connection. The single-module multi-electrode pair parallel correction is used to correct the uneven current distribution caused by the parallel connection of multiple electrodes in a single module based on the contact resistance compensation model within a single module. The single-electrode pair size correction is used to ensure that the voltage value of the field equipment and the voltage value during testing are consistent with the current density or electric field. The influent conductivity correction is used to adjust the influent conductivity under the test conditions so that the electric field intensity distribution of the effective desalination area is equivalent to the area where the electrode size exceeds a preset threshold. The flow rate correction is used to calculate the single-channel flow rate based on the total flow rate at the field and the number of parallel electrode pairs to perform parallel channel flow rate distribution correction, and to map the single-channel flow rate at the field to the equivalent single-channel flow rate under the test conditions based on the boundary layer mass transfer characteristics. The equivalent single-channel flow rate under the test conditions is calculated based on the equivalent single-channel flow rate.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S02, the voltage correction step includes: Calculate the voltage at the top of a single module using the following formula. To achieve the multi-module cascade correction:

[0010] in, Indicates the total current at the site. Indicates the contact resistance of a single module. The nonlinear term representing the series contact resistance, It is the attenuation coefficient. Indicates the total voltage at the site. Indicates the number of modules connected in series; According to the voltage at the upper end of the single module Calculate the equivalent voltage of a single module And based on the equivalent voltage of a single module The voltage drop across the single electrode pair is obtained. To achieve the parallel correction of the single-module multi-electrode pair, wherein the single-module equivalent voltage The calculation expression is:

[0011] in, Indicates the parallel contact resistance. For the internal resistance of a single pair of electrodes in the field, M The number of parallel pairs of electrodes in a single module; Voltage drop across the single electrode pair Adjustments are made to ensure that the current density or electric field of the field equipment is consistent with that under test conditions in order to achieve the single electrode pair size correction. The final equivalent test voltage of the single electrode pair is calculated according to the following formula. :

[0012] in, The thickness of a single electrode pair under test conditions. This represents the area of ​​a single electrode pair in the field.

[0013] Further, in step S02, when the electrode size difference is greater than a preset threshold, the influent conductivity correction is performed to obtain the equivalent influent conductivity under the test conditions. The calculation expression is:

[0014] in, For the conductivity of the influent, The edge effect coefficient, For the width of the field electrode, The length of the field electrode. Electrode width under test conditions, Electrode length under test conditions Indicates the number of modules connected in series. The field uniformity coefficient is the electric field uniformity coefficient at the site. The electric field uniformity coefficient is given under the test conditions.

[0015] Furthermore, the calculation expression for the flow rate distribution correction in the flow rate correction, which calculates the single-channel flow rate based on the total on-site flow rate and the parallel logarithm of the electrodes, is as follows:

[0016] in, For single-channel flow rate, The total flow rate at the site. M The number of parallel pairs of electrodes in a single module; Based on single-channel flow rate Calculate the flow velocity of a single channel on site for:

[0017] in, For the scene Flow channel width, For the scene Channel height; Based on the single-channel flow velocity at the site Calculate the equivalent single-channel velocity under test conditions. for:

[0018] in, The length of a single flow channel under test conditions. This refers to the length of a single flow channel on site. Indicates the number of modules connected in series; Based on the equivalent single-channel velocity The final equivalent test single-channel flow rate was calculated. for:

[0019] in, The cross-sectional area of ​​a single flow channel under test conditions. Single channel width under test conditions The height of a single channel under test conditions.

[0020] Further, in step S04, the conductivity of the effluent at the site is calculated according to the following formula. :

[0021] in, As the mass transfer compensation factor, To test the equivalent conductivity of the influent under the test conditions, To measure the equivalent conductivity of the tested water under the test conditions, the mass transfer compensation factor is... The calculation expression is:

[0022] in, The hydraulic diameter under test conditions. The height of a single flow channel under test conditions. The hydraulic diameter at the site, The height of a single flow channel on site. The number of modules connected in series. This refers to the length of a single flow channel on site. The length of a single flow channel under test conditions.

[0023] Furthermore, it also includes determining the number of parallel pairs of single-module electrodes for the field equipment based on the single-electrode test results obtained under the equivalent single-electrode pair test conditions, as well as the total flow rate, influent conductivity, and target desalination rate at the site. Number of modules connected in series and total voltage on site The steps include: Based on the single-channel flow limit and the total flow on site Estimating the number of parallel pairs of electrodes in a single module ; Based on the target desalination rate and the desalination rate of a single electrode pair under equivalent conditions under test conditions, the mass transfer compensation factor is used to map the field single-stage desalination rate. The required number of modules connected in series is calculated based on the on-site single-stage desalination rate. ; Based on the number of parallel pairs of single-module electrodes Number of modules connected in series And the equivalent voltage under test conditions, the total voltage at the site is calculated through inverse voltage correction. .

[0024] A field performance prediction device for a capacitive deionization system based on cross-scale inverse mapping includes: The field parameter acquisition module is used to acquire the field equipment parameters of the target capacitor deionization system; The cross-scale reverse mapping module is used to perform multi-level reverse correction on the acquired field equipment parameters to map them to the equivalent single electrode pair test conditions. The multi-level reverse correction includes voltage correction, influent conductivity correction and flow rate correction, so as to respectively map the equivalent test voltage, equivalent test influent conductivity and equivalent test flow rate of the single electrode pair. The test result acquisition module is used to acquire the equivalent test water conductivity obtained under the equivalent single electrode pair test conditions. The on-site performance prediction module is used to compensate the mass transfer coefficient of the equivalent test water conductivity obtained from the test, so as to obtain the on-site water conductivity of the on-site equipment and predict the performance of the target capacitor deionization system.

[0025] An electronic device includes a processor and a memory, the memory being used to store a computer program, and the processor being used to execute the computer program to perform the method described above.

[0026] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: This invention adopts a cross-scale inverse mapping mechanism based on semi-physical simulation to map field equipment parameters to equivalent single-electrode pair test conditions in the laboratory through multi-level inverse correction. Voltage correction can solve the problems of uneven voltage distribution and energy loss. Influent conductivity correction and flow correction can solve the problems of uneven current distribution between parallel electrodes affected by electrode impedance differences and flow channel geometry. Thus, the equivalent test effluent conductivity of a single-electrode pair is obtained under equivalent test conditions. The field effluent conductivity of the field equipment is predicted through mass transfer compensation. The test results obtained under laboratory test conditions can be reused to quickly and accurately predict the field effluent conductivity, realizing accurate prediction of the field performance of the capacitive deionization system. Through equivalent mapping of operating conditions, the interference of derivative problems such as concentrate supersaturation crystallization and local bubble generation on performance prediction can also be avoided, significantly reducing the cost of field performance prediction. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the implementation process of the on-site performance prediction method for capacitive deionization systems based on cross-scale inverse mapping in this embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments, but this does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, the steps of the on-site performance prediction method for capacitive deionization systems based on cross-scale inverse mapping in this embodiment include: Step S01. Obtain field parameters: Obtain the field equipment parameters of the target capacitor deionization system.

[0030] In this embodiment, the field device parameters include the field system parameters. On-site electrical parameters The parameters include the dimensions of the field electrodes, the geometry of the field single flow channel, and the field hydraulic parameters. Field system parameters include the number of modules connected in series and the number of parallel electrode pairs per module. Field electrical parameters include the total field voltage. Total current at site and the internal resistance of a single pair of electrodes in the field Etc., field electrode dimensions include electrode thickness. ,length and width Etc., the on-site single-channel geometry includes the length of the single channel. ,width and height Etc., on-site hydraulic parameters include the total on-site flow rate. and the conductivity of the influent at the site wait.

[0031] Understandably, the specific parameter types of field equipment parameters can be configured according to actual needs. For example, optionally, field equipment parameters may also include single-module contact resistance. attenuation coefficient Parallel contact resistance and edge effect coefficient wait.

[0032] Step S02. Cross-scale reverse mapping: The acquired field equipment parameters are subjected to multi-level reverse correction to map to the equivalent single electrode pair test conditions. The multi-level reverse correction includes voltage correction, influent conductivity correction and flow correction, which are used to map to obtain the equivalent test voltage, equivalent test influent conductivity and equivalent test flow of the single electrode pair respectively.

[0033] This embodiment establishes a multi-level correction model consisting of voltage correction, influent conductivity correction, and flow rate correction. Based on this model, the parameters of the field equipment are sequentially reverse-corrected in multiple stages, corresponding to the equivalent test voltage, equivalent test influent conductivity, and equivalent test flow rate of a single electrode pair. This forms the equivalent single electrode pair test conditions. Subsequently, the equivalent test effluent conductivity obtained under these conditions can be reused to accurately predict the field effluent conductivity of the equipment, thereby significantly reducing the complexity and cost of performance evaluation of field equipment.

[0034] In this embodiment, voltage correction includes multi-module series correction, single-module multi-electrode pair parallel correction, and single-electrode pair size correction, etc., to achieve voltage correction through multiple mechanisms such as multi-module series correction, single-module multi-electrode pair parallel correction, and single-electrode pair size correction. Among them, multi-module series correction is used to compensate for the contact loss of multi-module series connection, single-module multi-electrode pair parallel correction is used to correct the uneven current distribution caused by the parallel connection of multiple electrodes in a single module based on the contact resistance compensation model in a single module, and single-electrode pair size correction is used to ensure that the voltage value of the field equipment and the voltage value during testing are consistent with the current density or electric field.

[0035] To achieve multi-module series correction, this embodiment introduces an exponential growth factor for contact resistance by compensating for series contact losses. This reflects the increase in contact loss with the number of modules, and can handle the nonlinear growth of series contact resistance between modules, thus solving the problem of nonlinear growth in contact resistance of multiple modules in series. Total impedance of multiple modules in series. It consists of two parts: (1) in, This represents the sum of the parallel impedances of all modules. The nonlinear term representing the series contact resistance is as follows: Indicates the contact resistance of a single module. It is the attenuation coefficient.

[0036] Therefore, the total voltage on site satisfy: (2) After adjustment, the voltage at the upper end of the single module is obtained. : (3) Therefore, the voltage at the top of a single module can be calculated according to equation (3). To achieve multi-module cascade correction.

[0037] As an optional implementation, the above-mentioned single-module contact resistor and attenuation coefficient A three-module cascade experiment can be used ( The calibration and experimental results can be applied to any... The specific method is as follows: A three-module series test system is built, and a constant current is applied. Measure the voltage difference between each node (From the input of module 1 to the input of module 2) (From the input of module 2 to the input of module 3) (From input to output of module 3), then the attenuation coefficient It can be done The calculated contact resistance of a single module is... It can be done Calculated.

[0038] To achieve parallel correction of multiple electrode pairs in a single module, this embodiment establishes a contact resistance compensation model within the single module to address the uneven current distribution caused by the parallel connection of multiple electrodes within a single module. First, according to Kirchhoff's voltage law, the total current in the parallel circuit is... Consider parallel contact resistance. The resulting voltage drop, and the total impedance of the parallel circuit are: (4) in, This represents the internal resistance of a single pair of electrodes in the field. Therefore, the terminal voltage of a single module in the field... The allocation relationship satisfies: (5) The equivalent voltage of a single module obtained by reassembly: (6) After removing the parallel contact resistance, the equivalent voltage of the module is considered to be... Directly equal to the voltage drop across a single electrode pair : (7) The voltage drop across a single electrode pair can be obtained according to equation (6). To achieve parallel correction of multiple electrode pairs in a single module.

[0039] As an optional implementation, the above-mentioned field single-pair electrode internal resistance The parallel contact resistance can be measured using the four-probe method at a current density of 1 A / m². It can be calibrated using the constant current step response method, specifically as follows: [The method is described in the original text, but the translation is incomplete.] Fitting of synchronous charge-discharge experiment of electrodes, in Apply current step at any time Measure voltage transient value ,calculate .

[0040] Because the electrode pair dimensions under laboratory testing conditions may differ from those in field equipment, the mapped voltage value needs to be adjusted to ensure similar current density or electric field. Therefore, single electrode pair size correction is required. As an optional implementation, the area of ​​a single electrode pair in the field is... ( For field electrode length With width (product of) thickness The area of ​​a single electrode pair in the laboratory is ( Laboratory electrode length With width (product of) thickness Electrode material resistance ,in The resistivity of the material The current flows through a length that is equivalent to the thickness of the electrode plate. The internal resistance of an electrode pair is proportional to its thickness and inversely proportional to its area, as it is the cross-sectional area through which the current flows (i.e., the product of the length and width of the electrode plate). Therefore, the internal resistance of a single electrode pair in the field is... Compared with the internal resistance of a single pair of electrodes in the laboratory Measured using the four-probe method at a current density of 1 A / m². Field single-electrode pair voltage. Current density Single electrode pair equivalent laboratory voltage Current density For equivalent performance, the same current density is required. ,Right now , therefore: ,because , We can obtain: (8) The simplified equivalent laboratory voltage of a single electrode pair is obtained. : (9) The final equivalent test voltage of the single electrode pair can be calculated according to equation (9). .

[0041] It should be noted that there are two types of current paths within the electrode: 1) Ohmic current along the electrode plane (basic energy consumption) ); 2) Ion adsorption current perpendicular to the electrode plane (proportional to the amount of desalination). In this embodiment, the internal resistance of the above-mentioned single pair of electrodes in the field... The measured impedance obtained using the four-probe method is the equivalent impedance that includes both types of paths. In the bubble / crystallization region, due to impaired ion transport, the adsorption current component approaches zero, but the influence of such localized failure regions is mitigated by the subsequent electric field uniformity coefficient. This is reflected in the correction of influent conductivity (reducing the effective area ratio).

[0042] In summary, the specific steps for voltage correction are as follows: (1) Multi-module series correction: according to formula Calculate the voltage at the top of a single module ,in, Indicates the total current at the site. Indicates the contact resistance of a single module. The nonlinear term representing the series contact resistance, It is the attenuation coefficient. Indicates the total voltage at the site. This indicates the number of modules connected in series.

[0043] (2) Parallel correction of multiple electrode pairs in a single module: based on the voltage at the upper end of the single module Calculate the equivalent voltage of a single module And based on the equivalent voltage of a single module The voltage drop across the single electrode pair is obtained. To achieve parallel correction of multiple electrode pairs in a single module, wherein, Indicates the parallel contact resistance. For the internal resistance of a single pair of electrodes in the field, M This represents the number of parallel pairs of electrodes in a single module.

[0044] (3) Single electrode pair size correction: according to The final equivalent test voltage of the single electrode pair was calculated. ,in, The thickness of a single electrode pair under test conditions. This represents the area of ​​a single electrode pair in the field.

[0045] In this embodiment, the influent conductivity correction is used to adjust the influent conductivity under test conditions so that the electric field intensity distribution in the effective desalination region is equivalent to that in the region where the electrode size exceeds a preset threshold. Because the electric field lines diverge at the electrode edge, causing a decrease in electric field intensity, the desalination efficiency in the edge region is lower than that in the center region. As the electrode size increases, the proportion of the edge region decreases, and the overall desalination efficiency increases (i.e., the edge effect weakens). Therefore, the edge effect of small-sized electrodes is significant under laboratory test conditions, while the edge effect of large-sized electrodes in the field is relatively weak. That is, under the same average electric field intensity, the actual effective desalination region of large-sized electrodes accounts for a larger proportion. Therefore, this embodiment defines an electric field uniformity coefficient. : (10) in, Let be the area of ​​the region on the electrode surface where the electric field strength is greater than a threshold (70% of the maximum electric field strength). This represents the total area of ​​the electrodes.

[0046] Then, the uniformity coefficient of the electric field in the field was calculated separately. Electric field uniformity coefficient under laboratory test conditions Optionally, a two-dimensional / three-dimensional electrostatic model of the electrode-solution system can be established based on the on-site electrode size and the laboratory electrode size through finite element electrostatic simulation. The electric field intensity distribution can be calculated, and the above-mentioned electric field uniformity coefficient can be obtained by setting a threshold (such as field strength > 0.7 × maximum field strength) as the effective region.

[0047] In another embodiment, when rectangular electrodes are used, the electric field uniformity coefficient can also be calculated using the following formula. : (11) in The edge effect coefficient, Indicates the electrode width. The electrode length is indicated by two different sets of dimensions. and Desalination experiment calibration: (12) but It can be determined experimentally, for example, under the same voltage, flow rate, and influent conductivity, the size... desalination rate With ideal desalination rate (Calculated using an infinitely large flat plate model) satisfies: (13) Then, the field electric field uniformity coefficient is obtained through calculation. Electric field uniformity coefficient under laboratory test conditions The influent conductivity was adjusted under laboratory testing conditions to make the electric field intensity distribution in the effective desalination area equivalent to that of the large electrode. Since edge effects primarily affect the electric field distribution, and the electric field distribution affects desalination efficiency, this embodiment compensates for the decrease in desalination volume caused by the reduction in the effective desalination area by increasing the influent ion concentration, thus obtaining the equivalent influent conductivity under laboratory testing conditions. for: (14) in, For the conductivity of the influent, The edge effect coefficient, For the width of the field electrode, The length of the field electrode. Electrode width under test conditions, Electrode length under test conditions Indicates the number of modules connected in series. The field uniformity coefficient is the electric field uniformity coefficient at the site. The electric field uniformity coefficient is given under the test conditions.

[0048] Furthermore, the aforementioned influent conductivity correction is only used when there are significant differences in electrode dimensions (length and width) (e.g.) That is, when the difference in electrode size is greater than the preset threshold, the influent conductivity can be corrected according to equation (14) to obtain the equivalent influent conductivity under the test conditions. .

[0049] In this embodiment, flow correction is used to calculate the single-channel flow rate based on the total on-site flow rate and the logarithm of parallel electrodes to perform parallel channel flow distribution correction, thus resolving the issue within the on-site module. The problem of flow distribution in parallel channels is solved, and the flow velocity of a single channel in the field is mapped to the equivalent single channel flow velocity under test conditions based on the boundary layer mass transfer characteristics. The equivalent single channel flow rate under test conditions is calculated based on the equivalent single channel flow velocity, thus solving the flow velocity mapping problem from a single channel in the field to a single channel in the laboratory.

[0050] As an optional implementation, the parallel flow channel flow distribution is modified to calculate the single-channel flow rate based on the total flow rate at the site and the number of parallel electrode logs. Within a single module at the site... When the electrodes are connected in parallel, the total flow rate Need to be allocated to Each channel is an independent flow channel. According to the principle of continuity in fluid mechanics, the pressure drop in each channel is equal. The pressure drop formula for the parallel plate flow channel is as follows: (15) in, It's pressure drop. It is fluid viscosity. It is the length of a single flow channel on site. It is a single-channel flow rate. It is the spacing between the parallel plates.

[0051] Total flow at the site ,in, It is the first The flow rate of each channel. Based on the principle of equal flow rate distribution when parallel channels have identical geometry, the flow rate of a single channel is calculated. : (16) This embodiment uses an equivalent mass transfer velocity model to ensure that a single electrode pair under laboratory testing conditions has the same boundary layer mass transfer characteristics as a single flow channel in the field, thus addressing issues related to size effects, similar adsorption amounts, and similar mass transfer. Specifically, the flow velocity in the single flow channel in the field... for: (17) in, For the scene Flow channel width, For the scene Channel height.

[0052] The adsorption capacity depends not only on the mass transfer rate but also on the residence time of ions in the flow channel. To ensure similar adsorption capacities, both the mass transfer rate and residence time must be guaranteed simultaneously. Similar, of which: (18) If you wish to maintain the total time spent on site Residence time under laboratory testing conditions equal: (19) Then we have: (20) in, The length of a single flow channel under laboratory testing conditions. This refers to the length of a single flow channel on site. The single-channel flow velocity under equivalent test conditions. The flow velocity in a single channel at the site. The flow velocity in a single channel was adjusted to the equivalent test conditions with similar residence time. : (twenty one) The desalination rate depends on the boundary layer ion transport rate. To ensure mass transfer similarity, the Sherwood number must be maintained. Similar, that is: ,in, It is the Sherwood number (dimensionless mass transfer number). It is the Reynolds number (the ratio of inertial force to viscous force in flow). It is the Schmidt number (the ratio of momentum diffusivity to mass diffusivity). a , b It is an exponential number (usually obtained through experimental or theoretical fitting). Since the Schmidt number is negligible due to the same fluid, the Reynolds number is guaranteed to be consistent. According to the Reynolds number similarity criterion (core-controlled mass transfer boundary layer): (twenty two) in, ρ For fluid density (assuming the same fluid), ρ , μ same); v For flow rate; Hydraulic diameter of the flow channel.

[0053] This leads to the derivation of the flow velocity in a single channel at the site. Equivalent laboratory single-channel flow velocity Mapping relationship: (twenty three) On-site hydraulic diameter and laboratory hydraulic diameter (Rectangular flow channel) is: (twenty four) (25) in, For laboratory single-channel width, The height is for a single-channel laboratory.

[0054] It should be noted that for parallel plate flow channels, the wall shear rate... It is an important factor affecting the development of the concentration boundary layer. If the wall shear rate is kept constant, similar boundary layer development can be ensured, thus guaranteeing similar mass transfer. If it is desired to maintain the on-site wall shear rate Shear rate with laboratory wall equal: Then we have: (26) (27) The flow channel geometry under field and laboratory testing conditions is often not entirely similar, thus residence time and mass transfer coefficient similarity are generally conflicting. Residence time controls the total time ions spend in the flow channel, while the mass transfer coefficient controls the rate at which ions are transferred from the bulk solution to the electrode surface. These two factors are independent, and both require similarity to accurately predict performance. Therefore, one can be prioritized, with the other corrected using a compensation factor. Considering that flow channels in CDI devices are typically long (with a large length-to-width ratio), and that the desalination rate is mainly controlled by residence time (i.e., the combined effect of flow rate and flow channel length), residence time similarity is chosen as the primary condition, i.e., the equivalent laboratory single-channel flow rate is preferentially selected. for: The equivalent laboratory single-channel flow rate is... for: (28) in, This refers to the cross-sectional area of ​​a single flow channel under laboratory testing conditions.

[0055] It should be noted that the above derivation results are based on the following considerations: First, the desalination process requires sufficient time for ions to migrate to the electrode surface. If the residence time is too short, even if the mass transfer coefficient is high, the desalination rate will be very low; second, under laminar flow conditions, the change in mass transfer coefficient with flow rate is relatively weak. The residence time is inversely proportional to the flow rate, and its impact is more direct.

[0056] Specifically, in this embodiment, the flow rate correction is performed according to the formula based on the total flow rate at the site and the logarithm of the parallel electrodes. Calculate the flow rate of a single flow channel to perform flow rate distribution correction for parallel flow channels, and then adjust the flow rate based on the single flow channel flow rate. according to Calculate the flow velocity of a single channel on site Then, based on the flow velocity of the single channel on site according to Calculate the equivalent single-channel velocity under test conditions. Finally, based on the equivalent single-channel flow velocity The final equivalent test single-channel flow rate was calculated. for: ,in, The cross-sectional area of ​​a single flow channel under test conditions. Single channel width under test conditions The height of a single channel under test conditions.

[0057] It should be noted that it is also necessary to ensure that the Reynolds number under both field and laboratory test conditions is within the laminar flow range (Re<2000).

[0058] Step S03. Test Result Acquisition: Obtain the equivalent test water conductivity obtained under the equivalent single electrode pair test conditions.

[0059] In this embodiment, the conductivity of the single electrode pair effluent is tested under the equivalent single electrode pair test conditions obtained in step S02, thereby obtaining the equivalent test effluent conductivity under laboratory test conditions.

[0060] Specifically, the equivalent single-electrode pair test conditions are equivalent test parameters obtained based on mappings such as voltage correction, influent conductivity correction, and flow rate correction, including the equivalent test voltage of the single-electrode pair. Equivalent test of influent conductivity and equivalent test traffic The equivalent conductivity of the test water was obtained by testing the equipment with a single electrode under the above laboratory test conditions. .

[0061] This embodiment, through the above-mentioned multi-level reverse correction, can effectively solve the problems of nonlinear increase in contact resistance, edge electric field distortion, and mass transfer boundary layer differences when CDI technology is transferred from laboratory testing conditions to field equipment. At the same time, it overcomes the problem of inaccurate performance prediction caused by size effect and multi-level structural complexity when traditional CDI technology is transferred from laboratory to engineering application.

[0062] Step S04. On-site performance prediction: Mass transfer coefficient compensation is performed on the equivalent test water conductivity obtained from the test to obtain the on-site water conductivity of the on-site equipment in order to predict the performance of the target capacitor deionization system.

[0063] In this embodiment, after obtaining the equivalent test water conductivity under laboratory testing conditions, mass transfer coefficient compensation is performed to achieve mass transfer similarity correction, so that the test results of the single electrode can be reused to predict the field water conductivity of the field equipment.

[0064] To achieve mass transfer coefficient compensation, the following analysis is performed: Mass transfer coefficient With desalination rate The relationship is: (29) in, This refers to the specific surface area. According to mass transfer relations, under laminar flow conditions, ,in It is the diffusion coefficient. Therefore, ,and Therefore: (30) And because ,but And the length of stay We can obtain: (31) Therefore, in order to obtain the same desalination rate under laboratory testing conditions and in the field, it is necessary to ensure the dimensionless number. Similarity. And guarantee Equal (i.e.) Based on the equality, other parameters ( , The exact amounts may differ, thus requiring adjustments. Therefore, prioritizing the duration of stay is crucial. After achieving equality, this embodiment corrects the factor by introducing a compensation factor. and The differences in mass transfer coefficients are due to variations in the mass transfer coefficients.

[0065] Specifically, let ,because ,so ,but: (32) Therefore, the conductivity of the effluent under equivalent test conditions was obtained. Predicted on-site water conductivity Mapping relationship between them: (33) (34) That is, the influent conductivity can be equivalently tested under test conditions. and mass transfer compensation factor According to the formula The final calculated conductivity of the effluent was obtained. The conductivity of the water at the site This allows for the evaluation of the performance of field equipment. Optionally, a mass transfer compensation factor... The calculation expression is: (35) in, The hydraulic diameter under test conditions. The height of a single flow channel under test conditions. The hydraulic diameter at the site, The height of a single flow channel on site. The number of modules connected in series. This refers to the length of a single flow channel on site. The length of a single flow channel under test conditions.

[0066] Preferably, the flow channel height should be kept as consistent as possible between laboratory testing conditions and on-site conditions to reduce errors caused by differences in wall shear rates.

[0067] In summary, this embodiment uses a hardware-in-the-loop simulation strategy to achieve a cross-scale inverse mapping mechanism. It maps complex on-site working conditions to equivalent single-electrode pair experimental conditions under test conditions through multi-level inverse corrections such as voltage correction, influent conductivity correction, and flow velocity correction. By decoupling the influence of multi-level structures, executable laboratory test instructions are established, which enables the reuse of miniaturized test results to predict the effluent water quality of on-site equipment at low cost and with high accuracy. Compared with traditional methods, this embodiment addresses the impact of nonlinear resistance growth, uneven current distribution, and electrode size on voltage by employing a triple voltage correction mechanism for linearly scaled voltage parameters. This mechanism utilizes multi-module series correction, single-module multi-electrode pair parallel correction, and single-electrode pair size correction. Conductivity is corrected by compensation based on edge effect electric field unevenness, which solves the problem of different effective desalination area proportions caused by different sizes. Constant flow rate parameters are corrected by parallel flow channel flow distribution and equivalent mass transfer flow rate models based on size benefits, similar adsorption capacity, and similar mass transfer. This enables a closed-loop path from reverse generation of test parameters → laboratory testing and verification → forward prediction of field performance, thereby transforming the complex system prediction problem into a physically executable testing task and significantly reducing the implementation cost and complexity of field equipment performance prediction.

[0068] To verify the effectiveness of the present invention, the performance of an electroadsorption device in a certain factory was predicted using the method described above. The detailed steps are as follows: Step 1: Obtaining on-site parameters The specific parameters of the field equipment are as follows: System parameters include the number of modules connected in series. The number of parallel pairs of single-module electrodes ; Electrical parameters include the total voltage on site. 8V, total current at the site =32 A, the internal resistance of a single pair of electrodes was measured in the field using the four-probe method at a current density of 1 A / m². =0.1 Ω; The electrode dimension is long =1 m, width =0.5 m, thickness =8 mm; The flow channel dimension is length =1 m, width =0.5m, height =0.001 m; On-site hydraulic parameters include total on-site flow rate. =4 L / h, on-site influent conductivity =70000 μS / cm; Optional parameters include the contact resistance of a single module, calibrated to... =0.01Ω, attenuation coefficient =0.1; Parallel contact resistance =0.001Ω; Electric field uniformity coefficient The value is calculated to be 0.85 using an empirical formula.

[0069] Laboratory equipment conditions are as follows: Laboratory single-pair electrode internal resistance The Ω was measured to be 5 Ω using the four-probe method; the laboratory electrode size was [length missing]. =0.1 m, width =0.05 m, thickness 8 mm; Laboratory single-channel dimension length =0.1m, width =0.05 m, height =0.001 m; Laboratory electric field uniformity coefficient The value is calculated to be 0.65 using an empirical formula.

[0070] Step 2: Cross-scale inverse mapping Perform multi-level reverse correction on the field equipment parameters according to the following steps, mapping them to the equivalent single-electrode pair test conditions: Step 2.1: Voltage Correction a) Multi-module cascade correction:

[0071] Substitute: =48 V, =32 A, =0.01Ω, =0.1, =4 First, calculate the exponent term: = = ≈ 1.34986 but: = ≈ ≈ 11.892 V b) Single-module parallel correction: =

[0072] Substitute: =11.892 V, =0.1 Ω, =10, =0.001Ω but: = ≈ 11.892×0.909 ≈ 10.811 V c) Single electrode pair size correction:

[0073] because = =0.008m, therefore = 10.811 V Step 2.2: Correction of influent conductivity = ≈ 91538.46 μS / cm Step 2.3: Flow Correction a) Flow distribution in parallel channels: Single-channel flow rate: = 4 ÷ 10 = 0.4 L / h Converting to m³ / s: 0.4 L / h = 0.4 / 1000 m³ / h = 0.0004 m³ / h = 0.0004 / 3600 m³ / s ≈ 1.111 × 10 7 m³ / s b) On-site single-channel flow velocity : Single channel cross-sectional area = = 0.5m × 0.001m = 5 × 10 4 m² but: = 1.111×10 7 ÷(5×10 4 )≈ 0.0002222 m / s c) Equivalent stay time: = = 5.555 × 10 6 m / s Laboratory single-channel cross-sectional area = = 0.05m × 0.001m = 5 × 10 5 m² Laboratory single-channel flow rate = 5.555 × 10 6 ×5×10 5 = 2.777×10 10 m³ / s Converted to L / h: 2.777 × 10 10 ×1000×3600 ≈ 0.001 L / h Step 3: Obtaining Test Results Laboratory setup: = 10.811 V = 91538.46 μS / cm = 0.001 L / h Perform single-electrode pair testing and record the conductivity of the effluent. =50023.45 μS / cm Predicted on-site water conductivity: μS / cm Step 4: On-site performance prediction First, calculate the mass transfer compensation factor. : The on-site hydraulic diameter is ≈ 0.001996 m Laboratory hydraulic diameter = ≈ 0.00196 m

[0074] in = =0.001m, so it can be simplified to:

[0075] The final measured value was 11573.7 μS / cm, so the error is (11573.7 - )÷8000×100%≈ 2.74%.

[0076] The results above show that, under the conditions of high salinity wastewater (70,000 μS / cm) in copper mines, the complex system of 4 modules connected in series with 10 pairs of electrodes in the field was mapped to a single electrode pair test in the laboratory using the present invention, and the prediction error was less than 3%, which verifies the accuracy of the present invention.

[0077] Furthermore, it may also include determining the number of parallel pairs of single-module electrodes for the field equipment based on the single-electrode test results obtained under the equivalent single-electrode pair test conditions, as well as the total flow rate, influent conductivity, and target desalination rate at the site. Number of modules connected in series and total voltage on site The steps include: based on the single-channel flow rate limit (which can be determined by laboratory channel parameters and equivalent velocity mapping) and the total flow rate on site. Estimating the number of parallel pairs of electrodes in a single module Based on the target desalination rate and the desalination rate of a single electrode pair under equivalent conditions during testing, the field single-stage desalination rate is mapped using a mass transfer compensation factor; the required number of modules connected in series is calculated based on the field single-stage desalination rate. Based on the number of parallel pairs of electrodes in a single module Number of modules connected in series And the equivalent voltage under test conditions, the total voltage at the site is calculated through inverse voltage correction.

[0078] Specifically, determine the on-site equipment. , and The detailed steps are as follows: Step 1: Determine the flow rate range of a single flow channel on site. In the forward mapping, based on the total on-site flow... Laboratory flow rate is obtained from the equivalent relationship. Conversely, this requires a single-channel flow rate on-site. Corresponding laboratory equivalent flow It must be done within the limits permitted by the laboratory.

[0079] Equivalent flow rate from the forward mapping (time of residence takes priority): (36) And the flow relationship: (37) (38) so:

[0080]

[0081] (39) Therefore, the flow rate of a single flow channel on site Laboratory single-channel flow rate The relationship is: (40) Total flow at the site Therefore, when tested in the laboratory under equivalent conditions, its flow rate It is fixed (determined by experimental conditions), so the total flow rate on site is... and and Proportional.

[0082] Step 2: Determine the number of series modules based on the target desalination rate

[0083] In forward mapping mass transfer compensation, the test results of the laboratory single-electrode pair (equivalent to a pair of electrodes in a field stage) are mapped to the effluent of the field stage module. The final step of forward mapping is: (41) in It is the entire field equipment ( The conductivity of the effluent (in series) is higher than that of the effluent. This is the effluent conductivity of a single electrode pair in the laboratory (equivalent to a pair of electrodes in a field single-stage system under equivalent conditions). However, this is determined by the mass transfer compensation factor. In effect, it maps the test results of a single electrode pair in the laboratory to the entire field equipment (including...). The effluent from the (grade) level. Therefore, the desalination rate of the laboratory single-electrode pair under equivalent conditions (i.e., ), then the desalination rate of the entire on-site equipment ( The above formula can be used to calculate it.

[0084] Therefore, the target cascade number can be calculated as follows: : Target: Target desalination rate; Right now: ; again: ; and We can obtain: (42) Further simplification yields: .

[0085] Because the electrode and flow channel dimensions of the single-stage modules in the field equipment design are proportional to those of the laboratory single-electrode pairs, we can first assume a... Then calculate Then calculate the desalination rate of the entire on-site equipment to determine if the target is met, and then adjust accordingly. .

[0086] Step 3: According to and And the laboratory equivalent voltage, inversely calculating the total voltage on site. Following the approach of obtaining the opposite of the laboratory equivalent voltage in the voltage correction of the forward mapping, given the laboratory equivalent voltage... The total voltage at the site can be calculated below. The detailed steps are as follows: a) Size correction: because Because the electrode thickness is the same in the laboratory and in the field ( = Then the voltage of the single electrode pair in the field ; b) Single-module parallel correction: by ; get: ; c) Multi-module cascade correction: (43) in: (44) therefore: .

[0087] Furthermore, due to: the total current at the site Therefore, it can be used express Substituting into the above equation, we get:

[0088] (45) Taking the design of a CDI system for a village water supply project as an example, the method for determining the above parameters of the present invention will be further explained. It requires that river water ( =2000 μS / cm) was treated until the desalination rate was >50%, i.e., the effluent conductivity was [value missing]. <1000 μS / cm, water production =10 L / h.

[0089] Current laboratory conditions are as follows: influent conductivity =1000 μS / cm, water conductivity =500 μS / cm (i.e., 50% single-stage desalination rate), laboratory voltage =1.2V, laboratory flow rate =0.1 L / h.

[0090] Laboratory electrodes: =0.1m, =0.05m, =0.005m Laboratory flow channel: =0.1m, =0.05m, =0.001m Laboratory electric field uniformity coefficient =0.65 (obtained through empirical formulas or simulations) Laboratory single-pair electrode internal resistance =5Ω (measured using the four-probe method) The field electrode material and electrode thickness are the same as those in the laboratory. =0.005m), but the length and width of the electrode are twice that of the laboratory (i.e., =0.2m, =0.1m) On-site flow channel dimensions: =0.2m, =0.1m, =0.001m (same as in the laboratory) Other parameters: =0.1 (edge ​​effect coefficient), single module contact resistance =0.01Ω, attenuation coefficient =0.1, parallel contact resistance =0.001Ω The specific design steps are as follows: Step 1: Determine the number of parallel connections

[0091] Laboratory single-channel flow rate allowable range: The allowable flow rate range for laboratory equipment is 0.05~0.15 L / h, and the test used 0.1 L / h, which is within the range.

[0092] Total flow at the site =10 L / h, while the flow rate of a single flow channel on site is

[0093] Based on the flow equivalence relationship of the forward mapping (with dwell time as the priority), the laboratory equivalent flow... With the flow rate of a single channel on site The relationship is:

[0094] in: = = 0.05 × 0.001 = 5 × 10 -5 m² = = 0.1 × 0.001 = 0.0001 m² so: = 0.5 but:

[0095] And because: (L / h) so: (L / h) Laboratory requirements Between 0.05 and 0.15 L / h, that is: 0.05 ≤ ≤ 0.15 because and All are positive integers, design <20, <5, therefore The minimum is 1 (when =1, =1), the maximum is 19×4=76.

[0096] Solve the inequalities: ≥ 0.05 ≤50 ≤ 0.15 ≥≈ 16.67 so The range of values ​​for is: 17≤ ≤50 Step 2: Determine the number of cascade stages

[0097] The target on-site equipment has a total desalination rate of approximately 50%, that is = 1000 μS / cm (because the influent water is 2000 μS / cm).

[0098] Laboratory single-electrode pair test results: =1000 μS / cm, =500 μS / cm. This test condition is not the final equivalent laboratory condition because the field conditions are different (different influent conductivity, flow rate, etc.). However, during reverse engineering, it is necessary to map the laboratory test results to the field.

[0099] Assuming the desalination rate of a single electrode pair in the laboratory remains at 50% under equivalent conditions, what is the conductivity of the laboratory effluent under equivalent conditions?

[0100] According to the formula for forward mapping, the total conductivity of the effluent at the site is:

[0101] and

[0102] Among them, the laboratory =0.65 (known), on-site

[0103] so:

[0104] but:

[0105] and The calculation formula is:

[0106] Given: ,so:

[0107] Calculate the hydraulic diameter:

[0108]

[0109] so:

[0110] Result The target desalination rate is met.

[0111] Based on the flow constraints in step 1: ≥16.67, =2, then ≥9 (rounded to the nearest integer), and <20, final selection =10.

[0112] Step 3: Calculate the total voltage on site

[0113] Known laboratory equivalent voltage This voltage should be mapped from field parameters to the laboratory voltage. However, the field voltage is not yet available in the reverse design. In laboratory testing, it is assumed that the laboratory voltage under equivalent conditions is... This voltage is obtained by mapping the field voltage through multiple levels of correction. Now we need to design the field voltage so that the voltage mapped to the laboratory is exactly 1.2V (i.e., the voltage used for laboratory testing).

[0114] Due to voltage correction:

[0115] because ,so

[0116] so: = 1.2 V Then, single-module parallel correction:

[0117] This requires on-site single-pair electrode internal resistance. Since the field electrode material is the same as the laboratory electrode material, and the thickness is the same, but the area is different, according to the resistance formula: ,get: laboratory 5 Ω on site

[0118] and

[0119]

[0120] so: Ω Substitute:

[0121] Then, multi-module cascade correction: Total current at site

[0122] Total voltage at site

[0123] The final design parameters are as follows: =2, =10, Total voltage at site ≈2.53 V. Note that the voltage calculation assumes a laboratory equivalent voltage of 1.2 V and a field single-electrode pair voltage of 1.2 V. In laboratory testing, a 50% desalination rate was achieved at 1.2 V. In the voltage correction, size correction ensures the same current density. Therefore, with the same electric field strength and current density, the desalination performance is identical.

[0124] Therefore, the designed field equipment parameters are as follows: Number of modules connected in series =2, Number of parallel pairs of electrodes within a single module =10, Total voltage at site =2.53 V, total flow rate at the site L / h, single-channel flow rate =1 L / h, predicted water conductivity ≈1000 μS / cm. Therefore, the design meets the requirements.

[0125] The results show that this invention can use laboratory single-electrode test data to directly guide the module configuration and voltage system design of field equipment, realizing a leap from microscopic testing to macroscopic engineering design.

[0126] This embodiment also provides a field performance prediction device for capacitive deionization systems based on cross-scale inverse mapping, including: The field parameter acquisition module is used to acquire the field equipment parameters of the target capacitor deionization system; The cross-scale reverse mapping module is used to perform multi-level reverse corrections on the acquired field equipment parameters to map them to the equivalent single electrode pair test conditions. The multi-level reverse corrections include voltage correction, influent conductivity correction, and flow rate correction, which are used to map the equivalent test voltage, equivalent test influent conductivity, and equivalent test flow rate of the single electrode pair, respectively. The test result acquisition module is used to acquire the single-electrode pair effluent conductivity obtained under the equivalent single-electrode pair test conditions. The on-site performance prediction module is used to compensate the mass transfer coefficient of the single electrode pair effluent conductivity obtained from the test, so as to obtain the effluent conductivity of the on-site equipment and predict the performance of the target capacitive deionization system.

[0127] The field performance prediction device for capacitor deionization system based on cross-scale inverse mapping in this embodiment corresponds one-to-one with the above-mentioned field performance prediction method for capacitor deionization system based on cross-scale inverse mapping, and will not be described in detail here.

[0128] This embodiment further provides an electronic device, including a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program and the processor is used to execute the computer program to perform the method as described above.

[0129] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-readable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code. This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It should be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create a machine for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1The computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The functions specified in one or more boxes. These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0130] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for predicting the field performance of a capacitive deionization system based on cross-scale inverse mapping, characterized by the following steps: include: Step S01. Obtaining Field Parameters: Obtain the field equipment parameters of the target capacitor deionization system; Step S02. Cross-scale reverse mapping: The acquired field equipment parameters are subjected to multi-level reverse correction to map to the equivalent single electrode pair test conditions. The multi-level reverse correction includes voltage correction, influent conductivity correction and flow rate correction, so as to respectively map to obtain the equivalent test voltage, equivalent test influent conductivity and equivalent test flow rate of the single electrode pair. Step S03. Test Result Acquisition: Obtain the equivalent test water conductivity obtained under the test conditions of the equivalent single electrode pair; Step S04. On-site performance prediction: Mass transfer coefficient compensation is performed on the equivalent test water conductivity obtained from the test to obtain the on-site water conductivity of the on-site equipment in order to predict the performance of the target capacitor deionization system.

2. The method for predicting the field performance of a capacitive deionization system based on cross-scale inverse mapping according to claim 1, characterized in that, The field equipment parameters include any one or more of the following: field system parameters, field electrical parameters, field electrode dimensions, field single-channel geometry, and field hydraulic parameters. The field system parameters include the number of modules connected in series and the number of parallel electrode pairs per module. The field electrical parameters include the total field voltage. Total current at site and the internal resistance of a single pair of electrodes in the field The field electrode dimensions include the electrode thickness. ,length and width The on-site single-channel geometry includes the length of the single channel. ,width and height The on-site hydraulic parameters include the total on-site flow rate. and the conductivity of the influent at the site .

3. The method for predicting the field performance of a capacitive deionization system based on cross-scale inverse mapping according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage correction includes any one or more of the following: multi-module series correction, single-module multi-electrode pair parallel correction, and single-electrode pair size correction. The multi-module series correction is used to compensate for the contact loss of multi-module series connection. The single-module multi-electrode pair parallel correction is used to correct the uneven current distribution caused by the parallel connection of multiple electrodes in a single module based on the contact resistance compensation model within a single module. The single-electrode pair size correction is used to ensure that the voltage value of the field equipment and the voltage value during testing are consistent with the current density or electric field. The influent conductivity correction is used to adjust the influent conductivity under the test conditions so that the electric field intensity distribution of the effective desalination area is equivalent to that of the area where the electrode size exceeds a preset threshold. The flow rate correction is used to calculate the single-channel flow rate based on the total flow rate at the field and the number of parallel electrode pairs to perform parallel channel flow rate distribution correction, and to map the single-channel flow rate at the field to the equivalent single-channel flow rate under the test conditions based on the boundary layer mass transfer characteristics. The equivalent single-channel flow rate under the test conditions is calculated based on the equivalent single-channel flow rate.

4. The method for predicting the field performance of a capacitive deionization system based on cross-scale inverse mapping according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S02, the voltage correction step includes: Calculate the voltage at the top of a single module using the following formula. To achieve the multi-module cascade correction: in, Indicates the total current at the site. Indicates the contact resistance of a single module. The nonlinear term representing the series contact resistance, It is the attenuation coefficient. Indicates the total voltage at the site. Indicates the number of modules connected in series; According to the voltage at the upper end of the single module Calculate the equivalent voltage of a single module And based on the equivalent voltage of a single module The voltage drop across the single electrode pair is obtained. To achieve the parallel correction of the single-module multi-electrode pair, wherein the single-module equivalent voltage The calculation expression is: in, Indicates the parallel contact resistance. For the internal resistance of a single pair of electrodes in the field, M The number of parallel pairs of electrodes in a single module; Voltage drop across the single electrode pair Adjustments are made to ensure that the current density or electric field of the field equipment is consistent with that under test conditions in order to achieve the single electrode pair size correction. The final equivalent test voltage of the single electrode pair is calculated according to the following formula. : in, The thickness of a single electrode pair under test conditions. This represents the area of ​​a single electrode pair in the field.

5. The method for predicting the field performance of a capacitive deionization system based on cross-scale inverse mapping according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S02, when the electrode size difference is greater than a preset threshold, the influent conductivity correction is performed to obtain the equivalent influent conductivity under the test conditions. The calculation expression is: in, For the conductivity of the influent, The edge effect coefficient, For the width of the field electrode, The length of the field electrode. Electrode width under test conditions, Electrode length under test conditions Indicates the number of modules connected in series. The field uniformity coefficient is the electric field uniformity coefficient at the site. The electric field uniformity coefficient is given under the test conditions.

6. The method for predicting the field performance of a capacitive deionization system based on cross-scale inverse mapping according to claim 3, characterized in that, The calculation expression for the flow correction, which calculates the single-channel flow rate based on the total on-site flow rate and the number of parallel electrodes, to correct the flow distribution in the parallel channels, is as follows: in, For single-channel flow rate, The total flow rate at the site. M The number of parallel pairs of electrodes in a single module; Based on single-channel flow rate Calculate the flow velocity of a single channel on site for: in, For the scene Flow channel width, For the scene Channel height; Based on the single-channel flow velocity at the site Calculate the equivalent single-channel velocity under test conditions. for: in, The length of a single flow channel under test conditions. This refers to the length of a single flow channel on site. Indicates the number of modules connected in series; Based on the equivalent single-channel velocity The final equivalent test single-channel flow rate was calculated. for: in, The cross-sectional area of ​​a single flow channel under test conditions. Single channel width under test conditions The height of a single channel under test conditions.

7. The method for predicting the field performance of a capacitive deionization system based on cross-scale inverse mapping according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, In step S04, the conductivity of the effluent at the site is calculated according to the following formula. : in, To test the equivalent conductivity of the influent under the test conditions, To measure the equivalent conductivity of the outlet water under the test conditions, The mass transfer compensation factor is calculated as follows: in, The hydraulic diameter under test conditions. The height of a single flow channel under test conditions. The hydraulic diameter at the site, The height of a single flow channel on site. The number of modules connected in series. This refers to the length of a single flow channel on site. The length of a single flow channel under test conditions.

8. The method for predicting the field performance of a capacitive deionization system based on cross-scale inverse mapping according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, This also includes determining the number of parallel pairs of single-module electrodes for the field equipment based on the single-electrode test results obtained under the equivalent single-electrode pair test conditions, as well as the total flow rate, influent conductivity, and target desalination rate at the site. Number of modules connected in series and total voltage on site The steps include: Based on the single-channel flow limit and the total flow on site Estimating the number of parallel pairs of electrodes in a single module ; Based on the target desalination rate and the desalination rate of a single electrode pair under equivalent conditions under test conditions, the mass transfer compensation factor is used to map the field single-stage desalination rate. The required number of modules connected in series is calculated based on the on-site single-stage desalination rate. ; Based on the number of parallel pairs of single-module electrodes Number of modules connected in series And the equivalent voltage under test conditions, the total voltage at the site is calculated through inverse voltage correction. .

9. A field performance prediction device for a capacitive deionization system based on cross-scale inverse mapping, characterized in that, include: The field parameter acquisition module is used to acquire the field equipment parameters of the target capacitor deionization system; The cross-scale reverse mapping module is used to perform multi-level reverse correction on the acquired field equipment parameters to map them to the equivalent single electrode pair test conditions. The multi-level reverse correction includes voltage correction, influent conductivity correction and flow rate correction, so as to respectively map the equivalent test voltage, equivalent test influent conductivity and equivalent test flow rate of the single electrode pair. The test result acquisition module is used to acquire the equivalent test water conductivity obtained under the equivalent single electrode pair test conditions. The on-site performance prediction module is used to compensate the mass transfer coefficient of the equivalent single electrode pair effluent conductivity obtained from the test, so as to obtain the on-site effluent conductivity of the on-site equipment and predict the performance of the target capacitor deionization system.

10. An electronic device comprising a processor and a memory, the memory being used to store a computer program, characterized in that, The processor is used to execute the computer program to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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