Feedback-controlled carbon nanotube fluidized bed reactor
By using a feedback-controlled carbon nanotube fluidized bed reactor, in-situ laser Raman spectroscopy and catalyst activity inversion model were employed to achieve real-time monitoring and dynamic control of carbon nanotube growth. This solved the problem of reaction instability caused by catalyst activity decay and improved production stability and efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-12
Smart Images
Figure CN122183483A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon nanotube preparation technology, and more specifically to a feedback-controlled carbon nanotube fluidized bed reactor. Background Technology
[0002] Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, making them promising candidates for applications in composite materials, electronic devices, and energy storage materials. Fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition (FCVD) is one of the main methods for achieving large-scale production of CNTs. It involves suspending catalyst particles in a gas stream, allowing the carbon source gas to decompose and grow CNTs on the catalyst surface. However, during the fluidized bed reaction, catalyst activity gradually declines with increasing reaction time, and the consumption rate of the carbon source gas changes in real time. These dynamic parameters are difficult to capture and utilize effectively, making precise control of the reaction process a bottleneck. Currently, industrial production often relies on experience-based operation or offline sampling and analysis, failing to achieve truly real-time monitoring and dynamic control.
[0003] Meanwhile, the exhaust gas from fluidized bed reactors contains rich information about the reaction process. The consumption of carbon source gas, the amount of byproducts generated, and changes in the composition of the exhaust gas directly reflect the catalyst activity and the growth status of carbon nanotubes. However, current exhaust gas analysis technologies mostly employ offline detection methods such as gas chromatography, which have long detection cycles and significant time lags, failing to meet the needs of real-time control. Therefore, it is essential to develop a device capable of capturing exhaust gas information online and adjusting reaction parameters accordingly.
[0004] However, in fluidized bed reactions, decreased catalyst activity leads to reduced carbon source conversion, product quality fluctuations, and even reaction termination. Simply relying on fixed process parameters makes it difficult to maintain stable production over long periods. While existing technologies attempt to compensate by adjusting temperature or flow rate, the lack of real-time feedback on catalyst activity means that the control effect often lags behind changes in the reaction state, making precise matching difficult. Furthermore, catalyst replenishment and product removal during the reaction typically require interrupting the reaction, impacting production continuity and efficiency.
[0005] In conclusion, developing a carbon nanotube fluidized bed reactor that can monitor reaction tail gas information in real time and autonomously adjust material parameters based on changes in catalyst activity is of great practical significance for achieving stable production of carbon nanotubes. Summary of the Invention
[0006] This invention provides a feedback-controlled carbon nanotube fluidized bed reactor to solve the problems in prior art where it is difficult to perform real-time inversion of catalyst activity and precise control of carbon nanotube growth.
[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is implemented as follows: This invention provides a feedback-controlled carbon nanotube fluidized bed reactor for monitoring and controlling the reaction process, comprising a reactor body and a control center; the reactor body is connected to the control center.
[0008] The reactor body includes at least a material inlet / outlet module, a core reaction zone, and a tail gas separation module; the material inlet / outlet module includes at least a carbon source unit, a catalyst unit, and a sampling unit; the control center includes at least a monitoring module and a control module; the monitoring module includes at least an in-situ monitoring unit and a signal processing unit; the control module includes at least a local display unit, a wireless transmission unit, and a control unit.
[0009] The monitoring module collects and processes real-time monitoring data of the reaction tail gas; the control module receives the processed data and issues control commands; the material inlet / outlet module adjusts the material parameters according to the control commands; the core reaction zone is the site for growing carbon nanotubes; and the tail gas separation module separates the carbon nanotubes and the reaction tail gas.
[0010] The in-situ monitoring unit includes one or more in-situ laser Raman spectroscopy gas analyzers. The probe of the in-situ laser Raman spectroscopy gas analyzer is directly inserted into the tail gas pipeline connected to the output end of the tail gas separation module for real-time detection of the monitoring data. The monitoring data includes at least the gas concentration. The types of gas in the reaction tail gas include at least nitrogen, methane, ethane, propane, ethylene, propylene, acetylene, and hydrogen.
[0011] The in-situ laser Raman spectroscopy gas analyzer has at least two detection points arranged along the airflow direction on the exhaust gas pipeline to monitor the gas concentration change of the reaction exhaust gas. A flow velocity sensor is also arranged on the exhaust gas pipeline to monitor the flow velocity of the reaction exhaust gas. The monitoring data is processed by the distance-time equivalence method. The principle of the distance-time equivalence method is that the pipeline distance between different detection points corresponds to the time difference of gas flow. The time difference is obtained by converting the pipeline distance and the flow velocity, and then combined with the gas concentration change value to calculate the instantaneous consumption rate and generation rate.
[0012] The signal processing unit is pre-loaded with a catalyst activity inversion model; the catalyst activity inversion model calculates at least the carbon source consumption rate based on the monitoring data and inversely derives the processed data; the processed data includes at least the current catalyst activity coefficient and the carbon nanotube growth rate.
[0013] The local display unit is used to display the monitoring data and the processed data in real time; the wireless transmission unit is used to upload the monitoring data and the processed data to the cloud platform.
[0014] The control unit receives the processed data, and when it determines that the catalyst activity is lower than a preset threshold, the control unit sends the control command to the material inlet / outlet module.
[0015] The material parameters are controlled by at least the carbon source unit and the catalyst unit; the carbon source unit controls the carbon source flow rate and the type of carbon source; the catalyst unit controls the replenishment of the catalyst; the sampling unit is connected to the reactor body and isolated from the external atmospheric environment, and uses a telescopic hose to absorb carbon nanotubes under negative pressure; when the material inlet / outlet module receives the control command, it triggers the carbon source unit to close / reduce the carbon source flow rate, the telescopic hose extends into the core reaction zone, absorbs the carbon nanotubes under negative pressure, retracts the telescopic hose, and stores the carbon nanotubes; the catalyst unit replenishes the catalyst to restore its activity; and the carbon source unit opens / increases the carbon source flow rate to achieve stable operation of the reaction.
[0016] The feedback-controlled carbon nanotube fluidized bed reactor also includes a pipeline module; the pipeline module includes at least a carbon source preheating unit and an inlet distribution unit; the inlet distribution unit consists of multiple independent inlet pipelines, and pipelines of different heights and angles are selected to extend into the reactor body according to the type of carbon source, so as to achieve staged gas distribution; the carbon source preheating unit designs part of the inlet pipelines as a spiral tube structure in the diffusion region at the top of the reactor body, and uses the residual heat of the gas in the reactor body to preheat the incoming carbon source.
[0017] In this embodiment of the invention, the concentration change of the reaction tail gas is monitored in real time by an in-situ laser Raman spectroscopy gas analyzer, which can effectively capture the carbon source consumption rate and the by-product generation rate. Based on the monitoring data, the current catalyst activity coefficient and carbon nanotube growth rate are calculated by decoupling through a catalyst activity inversion model. This allows the control center to regulate the carbon source flow rate and catalyst replenishment amount, thereby rapidly restoring catalyst activity and achieving stable carbon nanotube growth. By setting up a carbon source preheating unit and an inlet distribution unit, energy utilization is made more efficient and energy consumption is reduced. This embodiment of the invention solves the problem of difficulty in real-time inversion of catalyst activity and precise control of carbon nanotube growth in the prior art. Attached Figure Description
[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0019] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the connection relationship of the feedback-controlled carbon nanotube fluidized bed reactor provided in this embodiment of the invention.
[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 10. Reactor body; 11. Material inlet / outlet module; 12. Piping module; 13. Core reaction zone; 14. Tail gas separation module; 20. Control center; 21. Monitoring module; 22. Control module; 111. Carbon source unit; 112. Catalyst unit; 113. Sampling unit; 121. Carbon source preheating unit; 122. Inlet distribution unit; 211. In-situ monitoring unit; 212. Signal processing unit; 221. Local display unit; 222. Wireless transmission unit; 223. Control unit. Detailed Implementation
[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0022] It should be understood that the phrase "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" throughout the specification means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Therefore, "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" appearing throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
[0023] See Figure 1 The present invention provides a feedback-controlled carbon nanotube fluidized bed reactor for real-time monitoring and control of the reaction process, including a reactor body (10) and a control center (20); the reactor body (10) is connected to the control center (20).
[0024] In this embodiment of the invention, the signal transmission of the control center is an electrical signal.
[0025] The reactor body (10) includes at least a material inlet / outlet module (11), a core reaction zone (13), and a tail gas separation module (14); the material inlet / outlet module (11) includes at least a carbon source unit (111), a catalyst unit (112), and a sampling unit (113).
[0026] It should be noted that the reactor body also includes at least the necessary modules for operation, such as an electric heating module, a heat insulation module, a flange module, and a quartz tube; Preferably, the core reaction zone is inverted conical in shape, with a larger diameter at the top and a smaller diameter at the bottom; Preferably, the exhaust gas separation module includes at least a high-temperature filtration unit and a backflushing unit. The high-temperature filtration unit is used to intercept carbon nanotubes carried in the reaction exhaust gas, and the backflushing unit periodically backflushes the high-temperature filtration unit to prevent blockage.
[0027] The control center (20) includes at least a monitoring module (21) and a control module (22); the monitoring module (21) includes at least an in-situ monitoring unit (211) and a signal processing unit (212); the control module (22) includes at least a local display unit (221), a wireless transmission unit (222) and a control unit (223).
[0028] The monitoring module (21) collects and processes the monitoring data of the reaction tail gas in real time; the control module (22) receives the processed data and issues control instructions; the material inlet / outlet module (11) adjusts the material parameters according to the control instructions; the core reaction zone (13) is the place for growing carbon nanotubes; the tail gas separation module (14) separates the carbon nanotubes and the reaction tail gas.
[0029] The in-situ monitoring unit (211) includes one or more in-situ laser Raman spectrometers. The probe of the in-situ laser Raman spectrometer is directly inserted into the tail gas pipeline connected to the output end of the tail gas separation module (14) for real-time detection of the monitoring data. The monitoring data includes at least the gas concentration. The types of gas in the reaction tail gas include at least nitrogen, methane, ethane, propane, ethylene, propylene, acetylene, and hydrogen.
[0030] It should be noted that the exhaust pipes are all of uniform diameter to ensure a consistent flow rate within the exhaust pipes. Preferably, the diameter of the exhaust pipe is 10~30 mm.
[0031] Preferably, the probe of the in-situ laser Raman spectroscopy gas analyzer is inserted into the center of the exhaust gas pipeline to avoid the influence of the flow boundary layer within the exhaust gas pipeline.
[0032] The in-situ laser Raman spectroscopy gas analyzer has at least two detection points arranged along the airflow direction on the exhaust gas pipeline to monitor the gas concentration change of the reaction exhaust gas. A flow velocity sensor is also arranged on the exhaust gas pipeline to monitor the flow velocity of the reaction exhaust gas. The monitoring data is processed by the distance-time equivalence method. The principle of the distance-time equivalence method is that the pipeline distance between different detection points corresponds to the time difference of gas flow. The time difference is obtained by converting the pipeline distance and the flow velocity, and then combined with the gas concentration change value to calculate the instantaneous consumption rate and generation rate.
[0033] It should be noted that the calculation formula of the distance-time equivalence method is: time difference = pipeline distance between laser detection points / average flow rate, instantaneous consumption rate and generation rate = gas concentration change value / time difference; Preferably, the distance between the detection points on the exhaust pipe is 30~100 cm.
[0034] The signal processing unit (212) is pre-set with a catalyst activity inversion model; the catalyst activity inversion model calculates at least the carbon source consumption rate based on the monitoring data and inversely derives the processed data; the processed data includes at least the current catalyst activity coefficient and the carbon nanotube growth rate.
[0035] It should be noted that the catalyst activity inversion model is based on the dynamic balance between the carbon source consumption rate and the by-product (such as hydrogen) generation rate, as well as the real-time temperature and pressure of the core reaction zone. The catalyst activity is calculated by comparing the actual gas concentration change curve with the standard kinetic curve and decoupling it using the Arrhenius formula. It should be noted that the catalytic activity refers to the ability to cleave carbon nanotube precursor gases such as acetylene and ethylene and release carbon atoms. Preferably, the catalyst is a catalyst powder prepared by impregnation method, with a ratio of 10 to 20, and the supporting carrier includes at least one of alumina, silicon oxide and magnesium oxide, and the transition metal element includes at least one of iron, cobalt and nickel. It should be noted that the formula for calculating the growth rate is (total weight after carbon nanotube growth - original catalyst weight) / original catalyst weight; Preferably, the catalyst needs to be activated for catalytic activity in an oxygen-free environment at 500 °C or above under the reducing action of a reducing gas; Preferably, the reducing gas is at least one of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
[0036] The local display unit (221) is used to display the monitoring data and the processing data in real time; the wireless transmission unit (222) is used to upload the monitoring data and the processing data to the cloud platform.
[0037] Preferably, the local display unit refers to a display unit with a graphical user interface installed at the reactor site (or central control room) for real-time presentation of monitoring data and status information; Preferably, the wireless transmission unit refers to a communication unit that sends local data to a remote server through a wireless communication network (such as Wi-Fi, 4G / 5G, industrial IoT, etc.); It should be noted that both the local display unit and the wireless transmission unit are capable of transmitting the processed data independently.
[0038] The control unit (223) receives the processed data, and when it is determined that the catalyst activity is lower than the preset threshold, the control unit (223) sends the control command to the material inlet / outlet module.
[0039] It should be noted that the preset threshold is calibrated based on operating parameters and carbon nanotube characterization parameters, and its core purpose is to monitor the catalyst activity to the point where it decreases to a critical state that affects the growth quality of carbon nanotubes. Preferably, the catalyst activity is represented by an activity coefficient α, which typically ranges from 0 to 1. α=1 represents that the catalyst is in its optimal activity state, and α=0 represents that the catalyst is completely deactivated. Preferably, the operating parameters include at least heating temperature, carbon source ratio, carbon source flow rate, carbon source type, and catalyst.
[0040] Preferably, the characterization parameters include at least the aspect ratio of the carbon nanotubes and the degree of graphitization.
[0041] Preferably, the heating temperature is 600~1200 ℃, multi-temperature zone heating is adopted; the carbon source ratio is 5~50%; the carbon source flow rate is 150~250 L / h; and the catalyst is 1~3 g.
[0042] The material parameters are controlled by at least the carbon source unit (111) and the catalyst unit (112); the carbon source unit (111) is used to control the carbon source flow rate and the type of carbon source; the catalyst unit (112) is used to control the addition of catalyst; the sampling unit (113) is connected to the reactor body (10) and isolated from the external atmospheric environment, and is used to absorb carbon nanotubes under negative pressure by means of a telescopic hose; when the material inlet / outlet module (11) receives the control command, it triggers the carbon source unit (111) to shut off the carbon source flow rate, the telescopic hose extends into the core reaction zone (13), absorbs carbon nanotubes under negative pressure and then retracts the telescopic hose, and stores the carbon nanotubes in a concentrated manner, the catalyst unit (112) adds catalyst to restore catalyst activity, and the carbon source unit (111) turns on the carbon source flow rate to achieve stable operation of the reaction.
[0043] It should be noted that the types of carbon sources include alkanes and alkenes; Preferably, the alkane includes at least methane; the olefin includes at least ethylene and propylene; It should be noted that the negative pressure absorption refers to the extraction of carbon nanotubes from the core reaction zone under negative pressure conditions. Preferably, when the telescopic hose extends into the core reaction zone, the heating temperature does not need to be reduced, and the temperature of the core reaction zone remains stable, reducing the time cost of cooling / heating. Preferably, the telescopic hose needs to be replaced regularly; the insertion depth of the telescopic hose is adjustable; the telescopic hose is made of high-temperature resistant alloy corrugated pipe; the connection between the telescopic hose and the reactor body is located at the top of the reactor body (10) and is equipped with a sealing structure to ensure absolute isolation between the inside of the reactor and the outside world during the telescopic movement, and to maintain an oxygen-free environment.
[0044] The feedback-controlled carbon nanotube fluidized bed reactor also includes a pipeline module (12); the pipeline module (12) includes at least a carbon source preheating unit (121) and an inlet distribution unit (122); the inlet distribution unit (122) consists of multiple independent air inlet pipelines, and pipelines of different heights and angles are selected to extend into the reactor body according to the type of carbon source, so as to achieve staged gas distribution; the carbon source preheating unit (121) in the diffusion region at the top of the reactor body (10) designs part of the air inlet pipelines as a spiral tube structure, and uses the residual heat of the gas in the reactor body (10) to preheat the incoming carbon source.
[0045] It should be noted that the diffuser zone refers to the area at the top of the reactor body where the pipe diameter suddenly increases, where a large amount of high-temperature reaction exhaust gas that has just left the core reaction zone accumulates, containing abundant reaction waste heat; It should be noted that the reduced flow velocity in the diffuser region is beneficial for uniform heat transfer; It should be noted that arranging the spiral tube structure in the diffusion region can increase the heat exchange path length and heat exchange area, thereby improving the preheating effect of the carbon source.
[0046] Preferably, the air inlet pipe of the inlet distribution unit refers to the one that enters from the top of the reactor body and extends to the bottom until it reaches the core reaction zone; Preferably, the high-temperature reaction exhaust gas leaving the core reaction zone is also discharged from the top of the reactor body; Preferably, the graded gas distribution, based on different types and properties of carbon sources, allows carbon sources requiring preheating to enter through a spiral tube structure, while carbon sources not requiring preheating enter through a straight pipe structure. Furthermore, multiple spiral tube structures and straight pipe structures of different lengths are arranged in parallel, resulting in differences in the height position extending into the core reaction zone, thus adapting to different carbon source flow rates and proportions.
[0047] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.
[0048] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes several instructions to cause a terminal (which may be a mobile phone, computer, server, air conditioner, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention.
[0049] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other modifications under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these modifications are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A feedback-controlled carbon nanotube fluidized bed reactor, characterized in that, For real-time monitoring and control of the reaction process, including a reactor body (10) and a control center (20); the reactor body (10) is connected to the control center (20); The reactor body (10) includes at least a material inlet / outlet module (11), a core reaction zone (13), and a tail gas separation module (14); the material inlet / outlet module (11) includes at least a carbon source unit (111), a catalyst unit (112), and a sampling unit (113); the control center (20) includes at least a monitoring module (21) and a control module (22); the monitoring module (21) includes at least an in-situ monitoring unit (211) and a signal processing unit (212); the control module (22) includes at least a local display unit (221), a wireless transmission unit (222), and a control unit (223); The monitoring module (21) collects and processes the monitoring data of the reaction tail gas in real time; the control module (22) receives the processed data and issues control instructions; the material inlet / outlet module (11) adjusts the material parameters according to the control instructions; the core reaction zone (13) is the place for growing carbon nanotubes; the tail gas separation module (14) separates the carbon nanotubes and the reaction tail gas.
2. The feedback-controlled carbon nanotube fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The in-situ monitoring unit (211) includes one or more in-situ laser Raman spectrometers. The probe of the in-situ laser Raman spectrometer is directly inserted into the tail gas pipeline connected to the output end of the tail gas separation module (14) for real-time detection of the monitoring data. The monitoring data includes at least the gas concentration. The types of gas in the reaction tail gas include at least nitrogen, methane, ethane, propane, ethylene, propylene, acetylene, and hydrogen.
3. The feedback-controlled carbon nanotube fluidized bed reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The in-situ laser Raman spectroscopy gas analyzer has at least two detection points arranged along the airflow direction on the exhaust gas pipeline to monitor the gas concentration change of the reaction exhaust gas. A flow velocity sensor is also arranged on the exhaust gas pipeline to monitor the flow velocity of the reaction exhaust gas. The monitoring data is processed by the distance-time equivalence method. The principle of the distance-time equivalence method is that the pipeline distance between different detection points corresponds to the time difference of gas flow. The time difference is obtained by converting the pipeline distance and the flow velocity, and then combined with the gas concentration change value to calculate the instantaneous consumption rate and generation rate.
4. The feedback-controlled carbon nanotube fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal processing unit (212) is pre-set with a catalyst activity inversion model; the catalyst activity inversion model calculates at least the carbon source consumption rate based on the monitoring data and inversely derives the processed data; the processed data includes at least the current catalyst activity coefficient and the carbon nanotube growth rate.
5. The feedback-controlled carbon nanotube fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The local display unit (221) is used to display the monitoring data and the processing data in real time; the wireless transmission unit (222) is used to upload the monitoring data and the processing data to the cloud platform.
6. The feedback-controlled carbon nanotube fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit (223) receives the processed data, and when it is determined that the catalyst activity is lower than the preset threshold, the control unit (223) sends the control command to the material inlet / outlet module.
7. The feedback-controlled carbon nanotube fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material parameters are controlled by at least the carbon source unit (111) and the catalyst unit (112); the carbon source unit (111) is used to control the carbon source flow rate and the type of carbon source; the catalyst unit (112) is used to control the addition of catalyst; the sampling unit (113) is connected to the reactor body (10) and isolated from the external atmospheric environment, and is used to absorb carbon nanotubes under negative pressure by means of a telescopic hose; when the material inlet / outlet module (11) receives the control command, it triggers the carbon source unit (111) to shut off the carbon source flow rate, the telescopic hose extends into the core reaction zone (13), absorbs carbon nanotubes under negative pressure and then retracts the telescopic hose, and stores the carbon nanotubes in a concentrated manner, the catalyst unit (112) adds catalyst to restore catalyst activity, and the carbon source unit (111) turns on the carbon source flow rate to achieve stable operation of the reaction.
8. The feedback-controlled carbon nanotube fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a pipeline module (12); the pipeline module (12) includes at least a carbon source preheating unit (121) and an inlet distribution unit (122); the inlet distribution unit (122) consists of multiple independent air inlet pipelines, and pipelines of different heights and angles are selected to extend into the reactor body according to the type of carbon source, so as to achieve graded gas distribution; the carbon source preheating unit (121) in the diffusion area at the top of the reactor body (10) designs part of the air inlet pipeline as a spiral tube structure, and uses the gas waste heat of the reactor body (10) to preheat the incoming carbon source.