A battery pack and heat transfer tube

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of batteries, and particularly relates to a battery pack and a heat transfer pipe. The application overcomes the problem of local high heat of a single battery pole in an existing battery pack, which causes thermal runaway. The battery pack comprises a plurality of battery components; the battery components comprise a battery module and two heat transfer pipes; the battery module comprises a plurality of single batteries; the two heat transfer pipes are arranged on total positive terminals and total negative terminals of the battery module respectively; each heat transfer pipe is provided with two mutually isolated sub-channels; in the plurality of battery components, the heat transfer pipes are connected in series in a set order; after cooling liquid enters a total liquid inlet end, the cooling liquid flows through one sub-channel in each heat transfer pipe in turn, and then flows through the other sub-channel in each heat transfer pipe in turn through a loop turning node, and finally flows out from a total liquid outlet end. The application directly contacts the heat transfer pipe with the polarity terminals of the single batteries, and simultaneously realizes efficient and balanced heat dissipation of the polarity terminals based on the series connection structure of the heat transfer pipes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of batteries, specifically a battery pack and a heat transfer tube. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most common battery packs are composed of multiple battery modules connected together electrically.

[0003] Battery pack temperature control has always been a hot topic in this field, and most existing battery packs use air cooling or liquid cooling to control the overall temperature of the battery pack. However, since the terminals of individual cells in the battery pack are the parts where heat is most concentrated, if the local heat of the terminals becomes too high, it is very likely to cause thermal runaway of individual cells in the battery pack. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a battery pack and heat transfer tube that overcomes the problem of excessive local heat at the terminal posts of individual cells in existing battery packs, which leads to thermal runaway.

[0005] A first aspect of the present invention provides a battery pack comprising n battery components arranged along a first direction;

[0006] The aforementioned battery components include a battery module and two heat transfer pipes;

[0007] The battery module includes m individual cells arranged along the second direction; the positive terminals of the m individual cells are arranged on one side, forming the total positive terminal of the battery module; the negative terminals of the m individual cells are arranged on the other side, forming the total negative terminal of the battery module; where n and m are both integers greater than 1; the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular.

[0008] Two heat transfer tubes are respectively installed on the main positive terminal and the main negative terminal of the battery module; each heat transfer tube has two mutually isolated sub-channels that extend along a second direction, and in the second direction, the two sub-channels are the same size as the heat transfer tube; each sub-channel serves as a coolant flow channel.

[0009] In the n battery components, in one of the outermost heat transfer tubes along the first direction, the same side ports of the two sub-channels serve as the main liquid inlet and the main liquid outlet, respectively; in another outermost heat transfer tube along the first direction, the same side ports of the two sub-channels are connected in series to serve as loop turning nodes; in the remaining ports, the sub-channel ports of different heat transfer tubes are connected in series in a set order to form a closed liquid path from the main liquid inlet to the main liquid outlet.

[0010] After entering the main inlet, the coolant flows through one sub-channel of each heat transfer tube in sequence, and then through another sub-channel of each heat transfer tube in sequence via the loop turning node, before flowing out from the main outlet.

[0011] This invention uses a heat transfer tube to directly contact the polar terminals (positive / negative electrodes) of a single battery cell for heat dissipation, achieving preferential cooling of the battery tab / terminal area. This area is prone to localized high temperatures due to the current collection effect; direct cooling can rapidly reduce the temperature and effectively prevent hot spots from triggering chain reactions such as SEI film decomposition and lithium dendrite growth.

[0012] In addition, the present invention adopts a dual-channel series cooling structure. The core design is as follows: each heat transfer tube has two mutually isolated sub-channels (the two sub-channels can be defined as liquid inlet sub-channel and liquid outlet sub-channel respectively), and the same-side ports of the two sub-channels of the outermost heat transfer tube are respectively used as the total liquid inlet end and the total liquid outlet end. The sub-channels of each heat transfer tube in the middle are connected in series in a set order. At the same time, the same-side ports of the two sub-channels of the other outermost heat transfer tube are connected in series as loop turning nodes.

[0013] After entering the main inlet, the coolant flows through one sub-channel (inlet sub-channel) of each heat transfer tube in sequence. Then, through the loop turning node, it flows through another sub-channel (outlet sub-channel) of each heat transfer tube in sequence and flows out from the main outlet.

[0014] This design achieves multiple optimizations: First, within a single heat transfer tube, the coolant forms an efficient heat exchange through adjacent inlet and outlet sub-channels, ensuring balanced heat dissipation for each polarity terminal. For all heat transfer tubes, the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet sub-channels remains essentially constant, effectively avoiding localized overheating or undercooling issues present in traditional series cooling (traditional series cooling: the coolant gradually heats up as it flows from the main inlet to the main outlet, resulting in lower battery temperatures near the main inlet and higher temperatures at the main outlet). Second, by placing the loop turning point on the outermost heat transfer tube, the system requires only one pair of main inlet / outlet ports to achieve the cooling cycle of the entire battery pack. Furthermore, the main inlet / outlet ports are located on the same side of the same heat transfer tube, greatly simplifying the piping layout.

[0015] Furthermore, the remaining ports can be connected in series using the following two methods:

[0016] First type of series connection:

[0017] On the main liquid inlet and main liquid outlet sides, on different battery components, among the four sub-channels of adjacent heat transfer tubes, the ports of the two adjacent sub-channels in the middle position are connected in series, and the ports of the two sub-channels on the outer side are connected in series.

[0018] On the other side (away from the main inlet and outlet), on the same battery component, among the four sub-channels of adjacent heat transfer tubes, the ports of the two adjacent sub-channels in the middle position are connected in series, and the ports of the two sub-channels on the outer side are connected in series.

[0019] The second type of series connection:

[0020] On the main liquid inlet and main liquid outlet sides, on different battery components, in the four sub-channels of adjacent heat transfer tubes, the ports of two sub-channels that are alternately positioned are connected in series.

[0021] On the other side (away from the main inlet and outlet), on the same battery component, the ports of two alternate sub-channels in the four sub-channels of adjacent heat transfer tubes are connected in series.

[0022] The first series connection method has a neat pipeline layout with no intersecting pipelines, making it easy to assemble. In contrast, the second series connection method has a more complex pipeline layout, requires intersecting sub-channels, and is more difficult to assemble.

[0023] Furthermore, the aforementioned battery component also includes a housing, with m individual cells arranged inside the housing, and the internal cavities of each individual cell interconnected.

[0024] The top plate of the casing has clearance holes corresponding to the polarity terminals of each individual battery cell, and the polarity terminals extend out of the corresponding clearance holes; and the area of ​​the clearance holes corresponding to the top plate of the casing is fixedly sealed with the top cover of the individual battery cell.

[0025] The electrolyte and / or gas inside each individual cell are interconnected, so that the electrolyte and / or gas of all individual cells are in the same system, reducing the differences between individual cells and improving the consistency between individual cells to a certain extent, thereby improving the cycle life of the battery components to a certain extent.

[0026] Furthermore, a first through groove extending in a first direction is formed on the polar terminal, and the heat transfer tube is installed in the first through groove.

[0027] The through-slot design provides precise positioning for the heat transfer tubes, reducing the risk of swaying and displacement of the heat transfer tubes during battery pack operation.

[0028] Furthermore, in order to improve welding quality and connection stability, and to ensure efficient heat conduction and uniform current transmission, a stepped structure is provided on the outer wall of the heat transfer tube along the first direction. The horizontal plane of the stepped structure is flush with the end face of the side wall of the first through groove, and welding connection is performed at the joint between the horizontal plane of the stepped structure and the end face of the side wall of the first through groove.

[0029] Furthermore, the heat transfer tube is an electrical conductor, enabling the parallel connection of multiple individual cells.

[0030] The heat transfer tube of this invention not only serves as a heat dissipation component but also as an electrical conductor to realize the parallel connection of multiple individual cells, which has at least the following advantages:

[0031] Firstly, the elimination of the need for additional dedicated conductive connectors simplifies the overall structural design of the battery component. Secondly, since the heat transfer pipe simultaneously performs heat dissipation and conductivity functions, the number of components in the battery component is reduced, lowering assembly difficulty and cost. Thirdly, as a parallel connector, the heat transfer pipe is directly embedded in the first through slot of the electrode extension, making full use of the space in the electrode extension and avoiding the space occupied by additional conductive connectors. Fourthly, as a parallel connector, the heat transfer pipe ensures a more uniform current distribution among multiple individual cells, preventing individual cells from overheating and being damaged due to excessive current.

[0032] A second aspect of the present invention provides a heat transfer tube, including a tube body, wherein at least two mutually isolated sub-channels are provided within the tube body along its length.

[0033] This heat transfer tube not only brings significant advantages to the aforementioned battery pack, but also offers the following advantages in other scenarios: The compartmentalized design increases the internal heat exchange area of ​​the heat transfer tube, allowing heat to be transferred more efficiently from the tube wall to the coolant, thus improving heat exchange efficiency. Simultaneously, the support structure between the two sub-channels significantly enhances the heat transfer tube's pressure resistance, making it less prone to deformation or breakage under high-pressure environments (such as when coolant is flowing). Furthermore, when the two sub-channels are connected in parallel, if one sub-channel experiences a blockage or leak, the other sub-channels can still operate normally, maintaining the basic operation of the cooling system.

[0034] Furthermore, the aforementioned heat transfer tubes are integrally formed using an aluminum extrusion process. The aluminum extrusion process is simple, reducing labor and time costs. In addition, integral forming reduces the scrap rate during production, effectively controlling production costs.

[0035] Furthermore, in order to improve the connection stability between the heat transfer tube and the battery, a stepped structure is provided on the outer wall of the heat transfer tube along the first direction, which can be used to weld the tube to the battery.

[0036] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0037] This invention uses a heat transfer tube to directly contact the polar terminals (positive / negative electrodes) of a single battery cell for heat dissipation, achieving preferential cooling of the battery tab / terminal area. This area is prone to localized high temperatures due to the current collection effect; direct cooling can rapidly reduce the temperature and effectively prevent hot spots from triggering chain reactions such as SEI film decomposition and lithium dendrite growth.

[0038] In addition, the present invention adopts a dual-channel series cooling structure. The core design is as follows: each heat transfer tube has two mutually isolated sub-channels inside, and the same-side ports of the two sub-channels of the outermost heat transfer tube are used as the total liquid inlet and the total liquid outlet, respectively. The sub-channels of each heat transfer tube in the middle are connected in series in a set order. At the same time, the same-side ports of the two sub-channels of the other outermost heat transfer tube are connected in series as loop turning nodes.

[0039] After entering the main inlet, the coolant flows through one sub-channel of each heat transfer tube in sequence, and then through the series port, it flows through another sub-channel of each heat transfer tube in sequence, and flows out from the main outlet.

[0040] This design achieves multiple optimizations: First, within a single heat transfer tube, the coolant forms an efficient heat exchange through adjacent inlet and outlet sub-channels, ensuring balanced heat dissipation for each polarity terminal. For all heat transfer tubes, the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet sub-channels remains essentially constant, effectively avoiding localized overheating or overcooling issues present in traditional series cooling systems. Second, by placing the loop turning point on the outermost heat transfer tube, the system requires only one pair of inlet / outlet ports to achieve the cooling cycle of the entire battery pack, significantly simplifying the piping layout. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack from a first-view perspective in Example 1;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack from a second perspective in Example 1;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the battery module structure in Example 1;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the battery module in Example 1;

[0045] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the battery module in Example 1;

[0046] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the heat transfer tube in Example 1;

[0047] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the heat transfer tube in Example 1;

[0048] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection method of each heat transfer pipe in the battery pack of Example 1;

[0049] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection method of each heat transfer pipe in the battery pack in some other embodiments;

[0050] Figure 10This is a first-view structural schematic diagram of the battery pack in Example 4;

[0051] Figure 11 This is a structural schematic diagram of the battery pack from a second perspective in Example 4;

[0052] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the battery module structure in Example 4;

[0053] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the battery module in Example 4;

[0054] Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional view of the battery module in Example 4.

[0055] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0056] 1. Battery module; 11. Single cell; 12. Terminal post; 13. Terminal post extension; 131. Terminal post extension body; 132. Electrical connection post; 133. First through groove; 134. Recessed structure; 135. Side wall end face of the first through groove; 2. Heat transfer tube; 21. Stepped structure; 22. Sub-channel; 3. Outer shell; 31. Top plate of outer shell; 32. Clearance hole; 4. Electrolyte sharing chamber; 5. Gas sharing chamber; 6. Insulating seal; 61. Pressure ring; 62. Flexible insulating sealing ring. Detailed Implementation

[0057] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0058] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0059] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "top," "bottom," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0060] This invention discloses a battery pack, which mainly consists of multiple battery modules and heat transfer pipes fixed on the polar terminals of individual batteries in each battery module. By optimizing the structure of the heat transfer pipes and the connection method of the heat transfer pipes between each battery module, uniform heat dissipation of the polar terminals of individual batteries in each battery module in the battery pack is achieved, avoiding thermal runaway problems caused by excessive local heat at the polar terminals.

[0061] In traditional designs, heat transfer pipes are typically single-channel, fixed to the polarity terminals for battery pack temperature control, which presents drawbacks. For example, when heat transfer pipes are connected in series between battery modules, the coolant continuously heats up as it flows from the main inlet to the main outlet. This results in the polarity terminals of battery modules near the main inlet being colder, while the polarity terminals of battery modules near the main outlet are hotter. Excessive temperature difference can significantly impact the performance and lifespan of the battery pack. While parallel connection of heat transfer pipes between battery modules can mitigate the temperature difference problem to some extent, the piping layout becomes extremely complex, increasing design and maintenance costs and reducing system reliability.

[0062] To address these issues, this invention employs a dual-channel series cooling structure. Each heat transfer tube contains two mutually isolated liquid inlet and liquid outlet sub-channels. In the battery pack, the two sub-channels of the outermost heat transfer tube are connected in series at the same side ports, serving as the main liquid inlet and main liquid outlet ports, respectively. The sub-channels of each intermediate heat transfer tube are connected in series in a predetermined order. Simultaneously, the two sub-channels of the other outermost heat transfer tube are connected in series at the same side ports, serving as loop turning points.

[0063] After entering the main inlet, the coolant flows through one sub-channel (inlet sub-channel) of each heat transfer tube in sequence. Then, through the loop turning node, it flows through another sub-channel (outlet sub-channel) of each heat transfer tube in sequence and flows out from the main outlet.

[0064] This design achieves multiple optimizations: First, within a single heat transfer tube, the coolant forms an efficient heat exchange through adjacent inlet and outlet sub-channels, ensuring balanced heat dissipation for each polarity terminal. For all heat transfer tubes, the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet sub-channels remains essentially constant, effectively avoiding localized overheating or overcooling issues present in traditional series cooling systems. Second, by placing the loop turning point on the outermost heat transfer tube, the system requires only one pair of main inlet / outlet ports to achieve the cooling cycle of the entire battery pack. Furthermore, the main inlet / outlet ports are located on the same side of the same heat transfer tube, significantly simplifying the piping layout, reducing system complexity, and improving reliability.

[0065] It should be noted that:

[0066] 1. The polar terminal of the present invention can be a single battery terminal post, or it can be an integral structure of a single battery terminal post and a terminal post extension member connected thereto.

[0067] 2. The outermost heat transfer pipe mentioned above refers to the heat transfer pipe located at the outermost edge of the battery pack in the battery module arrangement direction.

[0068] 3. For ease of description, the battery module with heat transfer tube is defined as a battery component in this invention.

[0069] The aforementioned battery modules can include at least the following three types:

[0070] Type 1 battery module:

[0071] The first type of battery module includes multiple individual cells arranged along the second direction; the positive terminals of the multiple individual cells are arranged on one side to form the total positive terminal of the battery module; the negative terminals of the multiple individual cells are arranged on the other side to form the total negative terminal of the battery module.

[0072] For ease of description, the arrangement direction of individual cells is defined as the x-direction in this invention; the height direction of individual cells is defined as the z-direction; and the direction perpendicular to both the x and z directions is defined as the y-direction.

[0073] Second type of battery module:

[0074] The second type of battery module adds at least one electrolyte sharing pipeline to the first type of battery module. Based on the electrolyte sharing pipeline, the electrolyte areas inside the cavities of multiple individual cells are connected to achieve electrolyte sharing, reduce the differences between individual cells, and optimize the cycle performance of the battery module. It may also include a gas sharing pipeline, which connects the gas areas inside the cavities of multiple individual cells to achieve gas balance and further optimize the cycle performance of the battery module.

[0075] Third type of battery module:

[0076] The third type of battery module, based on the first type of battery module, adds a shell, with multiple individual batteries arranged along the x-direction and placed inside the shell cavity.

[0077] This invention does not specifically limit the above-mentioned shell structure, but at least the following two structures can be adopted:

[0078] The first structure includes a cylindrical body with open ends (i.e., the port parallel to the yz plane is the open end) and end plates fixed to the two open ends of the cylindrical body (i.e., the end plates are parallel to the yz plane).

[0079] The second structure includes a cylindrical body with open ends at the top and bottom (i.e., the port parallel to the xy plane is the open end) and a top plate and a bottom plate fixed to the open ends at the top and bottom of the cylindrical body respectively (i.e., the top plate and the bottom plate are both parallel to the xy plane, and the bottom plate or the top plate can be an integral structure with the cylindrical body).

[0080] A shared chamber is provided inside the aforementioned casing, which enables the connection of the internal cavities of each individual battery cell.

[0081] It should be noted that:

[0082] The aforementioned shared chamber can be an electrolyte sharing chamber, with its inner cavity connected to the inner cavities of each individual battery cell. This shared chamber ensures that each individual battery cell is in a uniform electrolyte environment, guaranteeing electrolyte homogeneity and improving the battery module's performance and charge-discharge cycle life. The electrolyte sharing chamber described here is a liquid channel extending along the length of the casing between the casing's bottom plate and each individual battery cell. This liquid channel can be integrally formed with the casing's bottom plate or formed by a support structure between the individual battery's lower cover and the casing's bottom plate. It should be noted that in the first type of casing structure, the casing's bottom plate here is a cylindrical bottom plate; in the second type of casing structure, the casing's bottom plate here is a base plate.

[0083] The aforementioned shared chamber can also be a gas-sharing chamber located on the top plate of the outer casing, covering the gas ports on the top of each individual battery cell in the battery module.

[0084] It should be noted that in the first type of shell structure, the top plate of the shell here is the top plate of the cylinder; in the second type of shell structure, the top plate of the shell here is the top plate.

[0085] It should also be noted that the gas port here has the following two meanings:

[0086] 1) The gas port is a through hole directly opened on the top cover of the single cell and penetrating the inner cavity of the single cell;

[0087] At this time, the gas-sharing chamber is connected to the gas area of ​​each individual cell through the gas port. Based on the gas-sharing chamber, the gas areas of each individual cell can be connected to achieve gas balance, so that the gas of each individual cell is shared to ensure the consistency of each individual cell and improve the cycle life of the battery module to a certain extent. When any individual cell experiences thermal runaway, the flue gas in the inner cavity of that individual cell enters the gas-sharing chamber and is discharged through the gas-sharing chamber, improving the safety of the battery module.

[0088] 2) The gas port is a vent or explosion-proof port installed on the top cover of the individual battery, and a vent membrane is provided at the vent or explosion-proof port.

[0089] At this time, the gas sharing chamber is used as a venting channel. When the venting membrane at the gas port of any single battery cell is ruptured by the flue gas in the inner cavity, the inner cavity of that single battery cell and the gas sharing chamber are connected, and the flue gas inside is discharged through the gas sharing chamber, thereby improving the safety of the battery module.

[0090] The aforementioned shared chamber can also be a gas-liquid shared chamber. Through a gas-liquid shared chamber, each individual battery cell can be placed in a unified electrolyte environment and gas environment, thereby improving the performance of the battery module and its charge-discharge cycle life.

[0091] A clearance hole is made on the top plate of the outer casing corresponding to the terminal of each individual battery; the area of ​​the top plate corresponding to the clearance hole is fixedly sealed to the outer casing of the individual battery, so that the clearance hole area of ​​the top plate of the outer casing is sealed.

[0092] The area on the top plate of the outer casing corresponding to the clearance hole can be the area around the clearance hole on the top plate of the outer casing, or it can be the wall of the clearance hole.

[0093] The following detailed description of a battery pack assembled from different battery components is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0094] Example 1

[0095] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 The figures shown are schematic diagrams of the battery pack from different perspectives in this embodiment, including three battery components arranged along the first direction (the y-direction shown in the figure). In other embodiments, the number of battery components can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0096] Each battery component includes a battery module 1 and two heat transfer pipes 2. The two heat transfer pipes are fixed to the main positive terminal and the main negative terminal of the battery module, respectively.

[0097] In this embodiment, the battery module 1 is the first type of battery module 1 described above.

[0098] The specific structure of the battery components is as follows: Figures 3 to 5 As shown in the figure, the battery module 1 in this embodiment includes 12 individual batteries 11 arranged along the x-direction. In this embodiment, the individual batteries 11 are prismatic cells, and each individual battery 11 has an electrolyte region and a gas region inside its cavity. In other embodiments, the number of individual batteries 11 can be adjusted according to actual needs, and the shape of the individual batteries 11 can also be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0099] Each individual cell 11 has a terminal extension 13 connected to its terminal post 12 as a polarity terminal. The terminal extension 13 includes an electrical connection post 132 and a terminal extension body 131. The electrical connection post 132 is located at the bottom of the terminal extension body 131 and protrudes from it. A first through groove 133 for mounting the heat transfer tube 2 is provided on the terminal extension body 131. Figure 5To facilitate visualization of the first through-slot 133, no heat transfer tube 2 is installed in one side of the first through-slot 133. The first through-slot 133 extends along the x-direction, meaning its length is parallel to the x-axis. The inner shape of the first through-slot 133 is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the heat transfer tube 2, ensuring that the heat transfer tube 2 is tightly clamped within it. This ensures installation stability while also guaranteeing the heat transfer effect between the heat transfer tube 2 and the electrode extension member 13. Figure 5 As can be seen from the diagram, this embodiment uses a rectangular first through groove 133, and the heat transfer tube 2 adapted to it is a square tube. In order to facilitate the connection between the electrode extension 13 and the electrode 12 of the single cell 11, this embodiment has a recessed structure 134 at the bottom of the first through groove 133, which is recessed into the electrical connection post 132; the bottom of the recessed structure 134 is connected to the electrode 12 of the single cell 11.

[0100] Specifically, the heat transfer pipe 2 can be fixed to the battery module 1 through the following process: First, align the electrical connection post 132 of each terminal extension 13 with the terminal post 12 of the single cell 11 to ensure contact; then, connect the bottom of the recessed structure 134 and the terminal post 12 by through soldering. After all the terminal extensions 13 are fixed, fix one heat transfer pipe 2 along the x-direction in the first through groove 133 of each positive terminal extension body 131 on one side; fix another heat transfer pipe 2 along the x-direction in the first through groove 133 of each negative terminal extension body 131 on the other side.

[0101] It should be noted that the positive polarity terminal extension body 131 refers to the terminal extension body fixed on the positive polarity terminal, and the negative polarity terminal extension body 131 refers to the terminal extension body fixed on the negative polarity terminal.

[0102] In other embodiments, when the height of the electrode post 12 of the single cell 11 meets the requirements, the first through groove 133 can be directly opened on the electrode post 12 to fix the heat transfer tube 2.

[0103] To improve the stability of the heat transfer tube and ensure efficient heat transfer, the structure of heat transfer tube 2 is optimized in this embodiment, as shown in the figure below. Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, adapted to the square first through-slot 133, this embodiment uses a square tube as the heat transfer tube 2. A stepped structure 21 is provided on the outer wall of the heat transfer tube 2 along its length. The horizontal plane of the stepped structure 21 is flush with the end face 135 of the side wall of the first through-slot. A welded connection is made at the joint between the horizontal plane of the stepped structure 21 and the end face 135 of the side wall of the first through-slot. Figure 5 As shown.

[0104] It should be noted that the horizontal plane of the aforementioned stepped structure 21 refers to the connection surface between the large-diameter section and the small-diameter section of the heat transfer tube in the z-direction.

[0105] A stepped structure 21 is provided on the outer wall of the heat transfer tube 2, and the horizontal plane of the stepped structure 21 is flush with the end face 135 of the side wall of the first through groove. At the same time, the joint is welded together, which has at least the following advantages:

[0106] Improved stability: The stepped structure 21 provides a larger welding contact area, making the welded connection more robust, reducing the risk of connection loosening due to vibration, and improving the overall stability of the battery components.

[0107] Optimize heat transfer efficiency: The horizontal plane of the stepped structure 21 is flush with the end face 135 of the side wall of the first through groove, ensuring a tighter contact between the heat transfer tube 2 and the pole extension 13, reducing the tiny gaps between the contact interfaces, significantly reducing thermal resistance, improving heat transfer efficiency, and avoiding local hot spots caused by poor contact.

[0108] Furthermore, during the welding process, conventional welding operations may damage the structure of the heat transfer tube 2 due to factors such as high temperature and stress concentration, thus leading to potential leakage. The stepped structure 21, however, has a horizontal plane flush with the end face 135 of the first through-slot sidewall, providing an ideal operating plane for laser welding along the z-direction. This effectively avoids leakage problems caused by damage to the heat transfer tube 2 structure during the welding process. When coolant (such as liquid coolant) flows inside the heat transfer tube 2, this design effectively prevents coolant leakage from the joint.

[0109] The inner cavity of the heat transfer pipe 2 serves as a coolant flow chamber. After the heat from the electrode post 12 is conducted to the electrode post extension 13, it will be further transferred to the heat transfer pipe 2. The heat spreads rapidly in the heat transfer pipe 2 and is dissipated through heat exchange between the heat transfer pipe 2 and the surrounding environment, thereby achieving heat dissipation for the battery module 1.

[0110] After the heat transfer tube 2 is fixed in the first through groove 133, the presence of the recessed structure 134 inevitably creates a non-contact area between the heat transfer tube 2 and the electrode extension member 13, affecting the heat transfer effect. To further optimize the heat transfer effect, this embodiment can also fix a conductive heat-conducting column inside the recessed structure 134. The top of the conductive heat-conducting column is flush with the bottom of the first through groove 133, and the sidewall of the conductive heat-conducting column is in close contact with the inner wall of the recessed structure 134. The conductive heat-conducting column can be made of a material with high electrical and thermal conductivity, such as an aluminum block. Aluminum has good electrical and thermal conductivity properties, which can effectively enhance the heat conduction efficiency between the electrode extension member 13 and the heat transfer tube 2.

[0111] The addition of conductive and heat-conducting pillars further enhances the performance of the terminal extension 13. In terms of conductivity, the conductive and heat-conducting pillars fixed to the recessed structure 134, with their excellent conductivity, significantly stabilize the electrical connection between the terminal extension 13 and the terminal 12 of the individual battery 11. During battery charging and discharging, large currents can be transmitted more smoothly, greatly reducing energy loss and heat generation caused by contact resistance, thereby effectively improving the battery's charging and discharging efficiency.

[0112] From a thermal conductivity perspective, because the top of the conductive heat-conducting pillar is flush with the bottom of the first through groove 133 and its sidewall is tightly attached to the inner wall of the recessed structure 134, the path for heat transfer from the battery terminal 12 to the heat transfer tube 2 is successfully shortened. Relying on its high thermal conductivity, the heat transfer speed is significantly accelerated, enabling the heat generated by the battery terminal 12 to be quickly conducted to the heat transfer tube 2 and dissipated promptly, effectively reducing the risk of battery failure due to overheating.

[0113] Preferably, a thermally conductive adhesive layer may also be provided between the first through groove 133 and the heat transfer tube, and between the recessed structure 134 and the conductive and heat-conducting pillar. The thermally conductive adhesive layer may be made of silicone thermally conductive adhesive, which is made of silicone polymer as the matrix and combined with a high thermal conductivity filler material; or it may be made of acrylic thermally conductive adhesive, which can form a stable thermally conductive adhesive layer in a short time.

[0114] The thermally conductive adhesive layer disposed between the first channel 133 and the heat transfer tube 2 can tightly adhere to the outer wall of the heat transfer tube 2 and the inner wall of the first channel 133, thus fixing the heat transfer tube 2. It has high adhesion; when applied between the outer wall of the heat transfer tube 2 and the inner wall of the first channel 133, it forms a strong adhesive force on the contact surface, effectively preventing the heat transfer tube 2 from shaking within the first channel 133. This greatly improves the stability of the heat transfer tube 2 installation, preventing loosening of the connection due to shaking and affecting the heat dissipation and conductivity of the battery components. Simultaneously, the adhesive layer significantly optimizes thermal conductivity. Unlike traditional direct solid contact methods, the adhesive layer can better adapt to different surface shapes and roughnesses. At the microscopic scale, even if there are slight unevennesses between the outer wall of the heat transfer tube 2 and the inner wall of the first through groove 133, the adhesive layer can fill these gaps through its own fluidity, forming an efficient heat conduction path. Similarly, the thermally conductive adhesive layer disposed between the recessed structure 134 and the conductive heat-conducting pillar can also fill these gaps through its own fluidity, forming an efficient heat conduction path, even if there are slight unevennesses between the outer wall of the conductive heat-conducting pillar and the inner wall of the recessed structure 134. This effectively avoids hotspot problems caused by local thermal resistance differences, further improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery component, and ensures that the battery component operates in a stable temperature environment.

[0115] Combination Figure 7As can be seen, the heat transfer tube 2 in this embodiment has two independent sub-channels 22 extending along the x-direction. Specifically, this can be achieved by setting a partition plate in the inner cavity of the heat transfer tube 2 with a single channel, or by integrally forming it using an aluminum extrusion process.

[0116] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As can be seen, the heat transfer tube 2 based on the above structure can form 4 sub-channels 22 arranged along the y direction on the top of each battery component.

[0117] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 8 As can be seen, in this embodiment of the battery pack, each heat transfer tube 2 is connected in series as follows:

[0118] Figure 8 In the example of a battery pack consisting of two battery components, the four straight lines extending along the x-direction at the top represent the four sub-channels 22 in one battery component, and the four straight lines extending along the x-direction at the bottom represent the four sub-channels 22 in the other battery component.

[0119] Setting of main inlet, main outlet and loop turning points:

[0120] In the y-direction, for the two outermost heat transfer tubes 2 ( Figure 8 In the diagram, the uppermost and lowermost heat transfer pipes 2 and 2 are designed as follows: The two sub-channels 22 of one of the outermost heat transfer pipes 2 are connected on the same side, serving as the main inlet and outlet respectively (a in the diagram shows the main inlet, and b shows the main outlet). Coolant enters the system from the main inlet, undergoes a series of heat exchange processes, and then flows out from the main outlet. The two sub-channels 22 of the other outermost heat transfer pipe 2 are connected in series, with the series connection point acting as a loop turning point (c in the diagram), guiding the coolant to change its flow direction and forming a complete circulation path within the system.

[0121] Connection rules for the remaining ports (the remaining ports here refer to the ports excluding the ports on the same side of the two sub-channels 22 of one outermost heat transfer tube 2 and the ports on the same side of the two sub-channels 22 of the other outermost heat transfer tube 2):

[0122] At the main inlet and main outlet of the battery pack ( Figure 8 As shown on the left), on different battery components, among the four sub-channels 22 of adjacent heat transfer tubes 2, the ports of the two adjacent sub-channels 22 located in the middle are connected in series, and the ports of the two sub-channels 22 located on the outside are also connected in series; assuming that the ports of the four sub-channels 22 are A1, B1, C1 and D1 respectively, then A1 and D1, B1 and C1 are connected in series.

[0123] On the other side, that is, the side opposite to the main inlet and main outlet ( Figure 8 As shown on the right side), for the same battery component, among the four sub-channels 22 of adjacent heat transfer tubes 2, the ports of the two adjacent sub-channels 22 located in the middle are connected in series, and the ports of the two sub-channels 22 located on the outer side are connected in series. Assuming that the ports of the four sub-channels 22 are A2, B2, C2, and D2 respectively, then A2 and D2, and B2 and C2 are connected in series.

[0124] After completing the above connections, the coolant should be supplied according to... Figure 8 The coolant flows in the direction indicated by the middle arrow. After entering the system from the main inlet, the coolant flows sequentially through the inlet sub-channels 22 of each heat transfer tube 2 (sub-channels 22 shown by solid lines in the figure). Subsequently, the coolant reaches the loop turning point, changes its flow direction, and then flows sequentially through the outlet sub-channels 22 of each heat transfer tube 2 (sub-channels 22 shown by dashed lines in the figure). Finally, the coolant flows out from the main outlet, completing the entire heat dissipation cycle.

[0125] Throughout the entire heat dissipation cycle, the coolant flows into the system from the main inlet at a relatively low initial temperature, and flows orderly through the inlet sub-channels 22 of each heat transfer pipe 2. It exchanges heat with the polarized terminals of the hotter individual cells 11 on the battery component, absorbing heat and gradually increasing in temperature. When the coolant reaches the loop inflection point, the flow direction changes, and it begins to flow sequentially through the outlet sub-channels 22 of each heat transfer pipe 2. Within each heat transfer pipe 2, the coolant temperature in the inlet sub-channel 22 is relatively low, while the coolant temperature in the outlet sub-channel 22 is relatively high. For all heat transfer pipes 2, the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet sub-channels 22 remains essentially constant. Through continuous heat exchange, the two sub-channels 22 within each heat transfer pipe 2 effectively regulate the temperature distribution of the coolant, further promoting a uniform temperature distribution among the individual cells 11 in different locations within the battery component.

[0126] In some other embodiments, a second series connection method may also be used, such as... Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 In the example of a battery pack consisting of two battery components, the four straight lines extending along the x-direction at the top represent the four sub-channels 22 in one battery component, and the four straight lines extending along the x-direction at the bottom represent the four sub-channels 22 in the other battery component.

[0127] The settings for the main inlet, main outlet, and loop transition points are the same as in this embodiment:

[0128] In the y-direction, for the two outermost heat transfer tubes 2 ( Figure 9In the diagram, the uppermost and lowermost heat transfer pipes 2 are designed as follows: The two sub-channels 22 of one of the outermost heat transfer pipes 2 are designated as the main inlet and main outlet (a in the diagram shows the main inlet, and b shows the main outlet). Coolant enters the system from the main inlet, undergoes a series of heat exchange processes, and then flows out from the main outlet. The two sub-channels 22 of the other outermost heat transfer pipe 2 are connected in series at their same-side ports. The series connection point acts as a loop turning point (c in the diagram), guiding the coolant to change its flow direction and forming a complete circulation path within the system.

[0129] Connection rules for other ports:

[0130] At the main inlet and main outlet of the battery pack ( Figure 9 On the left side of the middle section, in different battery components, among the four sub-channels 22 of adjacent heat transfer tubes 2, the ports of two sub-channels 22 that are alternately positioned are connected in series; that is, two ports that are separated by one port in position are connected in series. Assuming that the ports of the four sub-channels 22 are A3, B3, C3, and D3 respectively, then A3 and C3, and B3 and D3 are connected in series.

[0131] On the other side, that is, the side opposite to the main inlet and main outlet ( Figure 9 (Right side of the middle section) For the same battery component, among the four sub-channels 22 of adjacent heat transfer tubes 2, the ports of two sub-channels 22 that are alternately positioned are connected in series. Assuming that the ports of the four sub-channels 22 are A4, B4, C4, and D4 respectively, then A4 and C4, and B4 and D4 are connected in series.

[0132] After completing the above connections, the coolant should be as follows: Figure 9 As shown by the middle arrow, after entering the main liquid inlet, it flows through one sub-channel 22 (liquid inlet sub-channel 22, sub-channel 22 shown by solid line in the figure) of each heat transfer tube 2 in sequence. Then, after passing through the loop turning node, it flows through another sub-channel 22 (liquid outlet sub-channel 22, sub-channel 22 shown by dashed line in the figure) of each heat transfer tube 2 in sequence, and flows out from the main liquid outlet.

[0133] Although this connection method can achieve a similar effect to this embodiment, compared with this embodiment, the pipeline layout is more complex, requires cross-connection of sub-channels 22, and is more difficult to assemble.

[0134] Compared to the traditional single-channel heat transfer tube 2, the heat transfer tube 2 in this embodiment has the following advantages:

[0135] The arrangement of two sub-channels 22 significantly increases the heat exchange area inside the heat transfer tube 2. This larger heat exchange area allows heat to be transferred more efficiently from the tube wall to the coolant, greatly improving heat exchange efficiency. When the battery components generate heat during operation, and this heat is transferred to the tube wall of the heat transfer tube 2, the larger heat exchange area means that more heat can be absorbed and carried away by the coolant per unit time, accelerating heat dissipation.

[0136] Furthermore, the support structure between the sub-channels 22 significantly improves the pressure resistance of the heat transfer tube 2. Under high pressure, such as when the coolant flows at high speed inside the heat transfer tube 2, it will exert considerable pressure on the tube wall. The support structure provides internal support to the tube wall, enhancing the overall structural strength of the heat transfer tube 2, making it less prone to deformation or breakage under high pressure, extending the service life of the heat transfer tube 2, and ensuring the long-term stable operation of the battery components under complex operating conditions.

[0137] Furthermore, when applied in parallel scenarios, if one subchannel 22 experiences a blockage or leakage, the other subchannels 22 can still function normally, maintaining the basic operation of the cooling system.

[0138] Example 2

[0139] Based on Example 1, in this example, the heat transfer tube 2 is an electrical conductor, and the material can be a high-purity aluminum alloy, such as 6063 aluminum alloy. This material has good electrical conductivity, with a conductivity of 30-35 MS / m at 20°C, which can meet the requirements for current conduction; at the same time, it has excellent thermal conductivity, with a thermal conductivity of about 200-230 W / (m·K), which can efficiently achieve heat dissipation.

[0140] In each battery component, the polar terminals on the same side have the same polarity, while the polar terminals on different sides have opposite polarities. Two heat transfer tubes 2 are fixed on the polar terminals on both sides respectively, realizing the parallel connection of multiple single cells 11.

[0141] In the battery pack, heat transfer tubes 2 of different polarities of different battery components are connected by an electrical connector to realize the series connection of adjacent battery components.

[0142] It should be noted that the connecting tubes used to connect the various sub-channels 22 in series should be electrically insulating.

[0143] In this embodiment, the heat transfer pipe 2 not only serves as a heat dissipation component but also as an electrical connector to realize the parallel connection of multiple individual cells 11, which has at least the following advantages:

[0144] Firstly, the elimination of the need for dedicated conductive connectors simplifies the overall structure of the battery component. In traditional battery modules 1, heat dissipation and conductivity are often handled by different components, requiring complex structural layouts and connection designs. In this embodiment, the heat transfer pipe 2 integrates heat dissipation and conductivity functions, reducing the need for dedicated conductive connectors and making the overall structure of the battery component simpler and more compact, thus reducing design complexity and the probability of errors.

[0145] Secondly, since heat transfer pipe 2 simultaneously performs both heat dissipation and electrical conductivity functions, it reduces the number of components in the battery assembly, thereby lowering assembly difficulty and cost. Previously, separate heat dissipation pipes and conductive connectors were used, resulting in a large number of components, increased procurement costs, and requiring precise installation of each part during assembly, demanding high skill levels from assembly workers and leading to long assembly times.

[0146] Thirdly, the heat transfer tube 2, as a parallel connector, is directly embedded in the first through groove 133 of the electrode extension 13, making full use of the space of the electrode extension 13 and avoiding the problem of additional conductive connectors occupying space, which is conducive to improving the integration of battery components.

[0147] Fourthly, as a parallel connector, the heat transfer pipe 2 ensures a more uniform current distribution among the multiple individual cells 11, preventing individual cells from overheating and being damaged due to excessive current. The heat transfer pipe 2 is made of uniform material with good conductivity, and its resistance characteristics are consistent when used as a parallel connector. According to electrical principles, current will be evenly distributed along paths with the same resistance. Therefore, after multiple individual cells 11 are connected in parallel through the heat transfer pipe 2, the current can flow evenly to each individual cell 11, avoiding excessive current in individual cells due to uneven current distribution, which could lead to overheating and damage. This effectively improves the overall performance and stability of the battery module 1.

[0148] Example 3

[0149] Unlike the above embodiments, this embodiment uses the second type of battery module, that is, an electrolyte sharing pipeline is set at the bottom of the battery module 1 in the above embodiments. The inner cavity of the electrolyte sharing pipeline is connected to the electrolyte area of ​​each individual battery cell 11, so as to realize electrolyte sharing, reduce the difference between each individual battery cell 11, and optimize the cycle performance of the battery component.

[0150] In this embodiment, the connection method of each heat transfer pipe 2 in the battery pack is the same as that in embodiment 1, so as to achieve the effect that the temperature of each individual cell 11 in the battery component at different positions tends to be consistent.

[0151] Example 4

[0152] like Figure 10 and Figure 11As shown, this embodiment is another type of battery pack. Unlike the above embodiments, the battery module 1 in this embodiment is a third type of battery module.

[0153] The structure of the third type of battery module is as follows: Figures 12 to 14 As shown, in this embodiment, the third type of battery module arranges 12 individual batteries 11 in the inner cavity of the outer shell 3, and each terminal extension 13 is located outside the outer shell 3. The heat transfer pipe 2 is fixed on the terminal extension 13 located on the same side. The structure of the terminal extension 13 and the heat transfer pipe 2 is the same as in the above embodiment, and will not be described again here.

[0154] A support extending in the x-direction is provided between the bottom plate of the outer casing 3 and each individual battery cell 11 to form a liquid channel, serving as a shared electrolyte chamber 4.

[0155] The top plate 31 of the outer shell may also be provided with a boss extending in the x direction, and a gas channel is opened on the boss, which serves as a gas sharing chamber 5.

[0156] This embodiment can achieve the assembly of battery components through the following process:

[0157] First, place 12 individual batteries 11 inside the outer casing 3, and fix and seal the top plate 31 of the outer casing corresponding to the clearance hole 32 to the outer casing 3 of the individual battery 11.

[0158] In this embodiment, a sealing connection is achieved by welding the edge of the clearance hole 32 near the single cell 11 to the upper cover plate of the single cell 11. When there is a certain gap between the two, solder can be filled into the gap for welding, thus preventing the external environment from interfering with the internal environment of the large-capacity battery through the gap between the clearance hole 32 and the terminal post 12. In addition to the welding method used in this embodiment, in some other embodiments, laser welding can also be used to weld the area around each clearance hole 32 on the top plate 31 of the outer casing to the area around the corresponding terminal post 12 on the upper cover plate of the single cell 11. However, this welding method requires a high wall thickness of the top plate (a thicker top plate may result in poor welding effect, while a thinner top plate may cause high-temperature damage to the inside of the single cell 11).

[0159] Furthermore, due to the small gap between the terminal 12 of the individual battery 11 and the clearance hole 32, the insulation between the terminal 12 of the individual battery 11 and the top plate 31 of the casing may be difficult to ensure. Additionally, if thermal runaway occurs, cracks may appear at the weld between the clearance hole 32 and the top cover of the individual battery 11, causing thermal runaway fumes to leak from that location. Therefore, if… Figure 13 and Figure 14As shown, in this embodiment, an insulating seal 6 is provided in the gap between each clearance hole 32 and the pole post 12. This insulating seal 6 ensures insulation between the pole post 12 and the top plate 31 of the outer casing. Furthermore, even if leakage occurs at the welding point, the insulating seal 6 acts as a second barrier to prevent leakage of thermal runaway fumes. It should be noted that... Figure 14 In order to make it easier to show the position of the clearance hole 32, no insulating seal 6 is provided on one side of the clearance hole 32.

[0160] Therefore, after fixing and sealing the top plate 31 of the outer casing corresponding to the clearance hole 32 to the outer casing 3 of the single cell 11, the insulating seal 6 is set between each clearance hole 32 and the terminal post 12. Then, the terminal post extension 13 is pressed tightly against the insulating seal 6, and finally the terminal post extension 13 is welded to the terminal post 12 of the single cell 11.

[0161] In order to ensure that the terminal extension 13 can uniformly provide clamping force to the insulating seal 6 and ensure the insulation and sealing performance of the insulating seal 6, in this embodiment, the insulating seal 6 includes a flexible insulating sealing ring 62 and a pressure ring 61. During assembly, the flexible insulating sealing ring 62 is first placed in the clearance hole 32; then the pressure ring 61 is placed on the flexible insulating sealing ring 62. The flexible insulating sealing ring 62 is a flexible stepped structure 21. The small diameter section of the stepped structure 21 extends into the clearance hole 32 and contacts the upper cover plate of the single cell 11, and the large diameter section of the stepped structure 21 is located outside the top plate 31 of the outer casing and contacts the top of the top plate 31 of the outer casing. The pressure ring 61 is a metal part.

[0162] In some other embodiments, the insulating seal 6 may also be an insulating seal layer disposed at the gap between the clearance hole 32 and the pole post 12 by a casting process.

[0163] from Figure 10 and Figure 11 As can be seen from this, in this embodiment of the battery pack, the connection method of each heat transfer pipe 2 is the same as that in embodiment 1, so as to achieve the effect that the temperature of each individual cell 11 in the battery component at different positions tends to be consistent.

Claims

1. A battery pack, characterized in that: Includes n battery components arranged along the first direction; The battery component includes a battery module and two heat transfer pipes; The battery module includes m individual cells arranged along the second direction; the positive terminals of the m individual cells are arranged on one side, forming the total positive terminal of the battery module; the negative terminals of the m individual cells are arranged on the other side, forming the total negative terminal of the battery module; where n and m are both integers greater than 1; the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular. Two heat transfer tubes are respectively installed on the main positive terminal and the main negative terminal of the battery module; each heat transfer tube has two mutually isolated sub-channels that extend along a second direction, and in the second direction, the two sub-channels are the same size as the heat transfer tube; each sub-channel serves as a coolant flow channel. In the n battery components, in one of the outermost heat transfer tubes along the first direction, the same side ports of the two sub-channels serve as the main liquid inlet and the main liquid outlet, respectively; in another outermost heat transfer tube along the first direction, the same side ports of the two sub-channels are connected in series to serve as loop turning nodes; in the remaining ports, the sub-channel ports of different heat transfer tubes are connected in series in a set order to form a closed liquid path from the main liquid inlet to the main liquid outlet. After entering the main inlet, the coolant flows through one sub-channel of each heat transfer tube in sequence, and then through another sub-channel of each heat transfer tube in sequence via the loop turning node, before flowing out from the main outlet.

2. The battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: Of the remaining ports, on the main liquid inlet and main liquid outlet sides, on different battery components, in the four sub-channels of adjacent heat transfer tubes, the ports of the two adjacent sub-channels in the middle position are connected in series, and the ports of the two sub-channels on the outer side are connected in series. On the side away from the main liquid inlet and main liquid outlet, on the same battery component, among the four sub-channels of adjacent heat transfer tubes, the ports of the two adjacent sub-channels in the middle position are connected in series, and the ports of the two sub-channels on the outer side are connected in series.

3. The battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: Of the remaining ports, on the main liquid inlet and main liquid outlet sides, on different battery components, in the four sub-channels of adjacent heat transfer tubes, the ports of two sub-channels that are alternately positioned are connected in series. On the side away from the main liquid inlet and main liquid outlet, on the same battery component, the ports of two alternate sub-channels in the four sub-channels of adjacent heat transfer tubes are connected in series.

4. The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The battery component also includes a housing, with m individual cells arranged inside the housing, and the internal cavities of each individual cell interconnected. The top plate of the casing has clearance holes corresponding to the polarity terminals of each individual battery cell, and the polarity terminals extend out of the corresponding clearance holes; and the area of ​​the clearance holes corresponding to the top plate of the casing is fixedly sealed with the top cover of the individual battery cell.

5. The battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first through groove extending in a first direction is formed on the polar terminal, and a heat transfer tube is installed in the first through groove.

6. The battery pack according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heat transfer tube has a stepped structure along the first direction on its outer wall. The horizontal surface of the stepped structure is flush with the end face of the side wall of the first through groove. The stepped structure is welded together at the joint between the horizontal surface of the stepped structure and the end face of the side wall of the first through groove.

7. The battery pack according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The heat transfer tube is an electrical conductor, enabling multiple individual cells to be connected in parallel.

8. A heat transfer tube, characterized in that: It includes a tube body, and within the tube body, at least two mutually isolated sub-channels are provided along its length.

9. The heat transfer tube according to claim 8, characterized in that: The tube body is integrally formed using an aluminum extrusion process.

10. The heat transfer tube according to claim 8, characterized in that: The outer wall of the heat transfer tube has a stepped structure along the first direction.

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