Battery pack thermal management device

Abstract

This invention discloses a battery pack thermal management device, including a housing assembly with integrated liquid cooling function, an active temperature-regulating top cover for selective heating or cooling of the top of the module assembly, a bottom liquid cooling plate, and a bottom heating device for heating the bottom of the module assembly. This battery pack thermal management device, through a synergistic architecture of bottom active heating, bottom liquid cooling, and top active temperature regulation, forms a closed and uniform temperature environment, achieving three-dimensional temperature control and fundamentally improving the temperature consistency and thermal management efficiency of the battery pack.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery pack thermal management devices, and in particular to a battery pack thermal management device. Background Technology

[0002] The performance, lifespan, and safety of vehicle-mounted power batteries are highly dependent on their operating temperature range and internal temperature uniformity. Existing battery thermal management technologies have significant shortcomings, as detailed below.

[0003] 1. Limited Temperature Control Dimensions and Poor Coordination: Most solutions focus only on thermal management in one direction, such as the bottom, side, or top. These solutions struggle to create an effective three-dimensional temperature field, leading to significant internal temperature differences in the battery pack under conditions such as high-speed charging, high-power discharging, or extreme environments. This results in localized overheating or undercooling points, accelerating battery aging and posing safety hazards.

[0004] II. Lack of Top Thermal Management: In traditional designs, the battery pack cover primarily serves as a structural component and passive insulation layer. During periods of intense summer sun exposure, the cover becomes a major source of heat intrusion, exacerbating the burden on the cooling system; in harsh winter conditions, it becomes the primary heat dissipation surface, increasing heating energy consumption. The lack of active thermal management capabilities is one of the key reasons for the system's low energy efficiency.

[0005] Third, insufficient wide temperature range adaptability: Single or simply superimposed thermal management methods are difficult to achieve rapid, uniform, and low-energy heating in extremely cold environments, and also difficult to achieve efficient and rapid heat dissipation and temperature balance in extremely hot environments, which limits the application potential of battery packs in all weather and all regions.

[0006] Therefore, in response to the shortcomings of the above-mentioned single temperature control dimension and poor coordination, lack of top thermal management function, and insufficient wide temperature range adaptability, there is an urgent need for a new battery system solution that can achieve three-dimensional, precise, coordinated, and efficient temperature management. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings and defects of the prior art and provide a battery pack thermal management device. The device of this invention transforms the battery pack cover from a passive component into an active thermal management functional component to cope with environmental heat load and improve system energy efficiency. It realizes coordinated and uniform temperature control of the battery pack in three dimensions, effectively eliminates local hot spots and improves temperature consistency, thereby improving the performance, safety and adaptability of the battery pack in extreme high and low temperature environments.

[0008] A battery pack thermal management device includes a housing assembly with integrated liquid cooling function, an active temperature-regulating top cover for selective heating or cooling at the top of the module assembly, the housing assembly including a bottom liquid cooling plate, and a bottom heating device for heating at the bottom of the module assembly.

[0009] Preferably, the active temperature-regulating top cover has a fluid flow channel for cooling and heat dissipation at the top of the module assembly, and a top heating device is arranged on the inner side of the active temperature-regulating top cover for heating the module assembly from top to bottom.

[0010] Preferably, the top heating device is divided into a top high-temperature heating zone and a top low-temperature heating zone according to the heat dissipation at different locations of the module assembly. There are two top low-temperature heating zones, arranged near the two ends of the module assembly, and the middle is the top high-temperature heating zone.

[0011] Preferably, the boundary between the top high-temperature heating zone and the top low-temperature heating zone is determined based on the thermal simulation results of the module assembly.

[0012] Preferably, the fluid channel is an air-cooled channel and / or a liquid-cooled channel; the fluid channel is connected to an external gas cooling device or liquid cooling device to form an independently controlled heat dissipation and cooling circuit.

[0013] Preferably, the top heating device includes a flexible silicone heating film and / or a PTC heating element, which is attached to the inner side of the active temperature-regulating top cover.

[0014] Preferably, the bottom heating device is divided into a bottom high-temperature heating zone and a bottom low-temperature heating zone according to the heat dissipation at different locations of the module assembly. There are two bottom low-temperature heating zones, arranged near the two ends of the module assembly, and the middle is the bottom high-temperature heating zone.

[0015] Preferably, the boundary between the bottom high-temperature heating zone and the bottom low-temperature heating zone is determined based on the thermal simulation results of the module assembly.

[0016] Preferably, the bottom heating device includes a flexible silicone heating film and / or a PTC heating element, arranged at the bottom of the module assembly.

[0017] Preferably, a heating element is arranged in the liquid cooling channel of the bottom liquid cooling plate to heat the coolant, thereby heating the bottom of the module assembly from bottom to top by heating the coolant;

[0018] Preferably, the active temperature-regulating top cover integrates a dual-purpose temperature-controlled flow channel for cooling and heating on the top of the module assembly. The dual-purpose temperature-controlled flow channel is either an air-cooled or liquid-cooled temperature-controlled flow channel. The temperature-controlled flow channel can selectively lead to high-temperature fluid or low-temperature fluid, or a heating element can be integrated inside the temperature-controlled flow channel.

[0019] The preferred battery pack thermal management device further includes a multi-dimensional temperature sensor network for monitoring thermal management temperature, arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the module assembly, including multiple NTC sensors for measuring the surface temperature of the module and at least one ambient temperature sensor for monitoring the ambient temperature.

[0020] Preferably, the active temperature-regulating top cover is at least partially made of phase change material, and the phase change material is used to control the temperature of the module assembly at the top to form a phase change active temperature-regulating top cover.

[0021] Preferably, the battery pack thermal management device further includes a thermal insulation system for isolating heat exchange between the inside and outside of the module assembly; the thermal insulation system includes an external thermal insulation system and a bottom thermal insulation system; preferably, the external thermal insulation system includes a top cover thermal insulation system and a housing assembly thermal insulation system;

[0022] Preferably, the insulation system uses aerogel felt as the insulation material, the external insulation system is bonded to the outer surface of the box assembly and the active temperature-regulating cover, and the bottom insulation system is arranged between the bottom of the box assembly and the bottom protective device.

[0023] The battery pack thermal management device of the present invention forms a closed and uniform temperature environment through a collaborative architecture of bottom active heating, bottom liquid cooling and top active temperature regulation, realizing three-dimensional temperature control, and fundamentally improving the temperature consistency and thermal management efficiency of the battery pack.

[0024] The battery pack thermal management device of the present invention can reduce the overall temperature difference of the battery pack by adjusting the active temperature regulation function of the top cover, so that the top cover and the bottom liquid cooling plate work together.

[0025] The battery pack thermal management device of the present invention, combined with the active heating / cooling adjustment of the top cover, can achieve precise control of thermal management on demand, significantly reduce the useless energy consumption of the system in extreme environments, improve energy utilization efficiency, and effectively increase the vehicle's driving range.

[0026] This invention relates to a battery pack thermal management device that, under extremely cold conditions, achieves enveloping heating by simultaneously heating the bottom and top, resulting in rapid temperature rise and low energy consumption; under extremely hot and exposed conditions, it effectively combats solar radiation and has strong heat dissipation capacity by simultaneously cooling the bottom and top; and through active adjustment of the top cover, the top system is prioritized for activation, quickly eliminating local hot / cold spots, solving the problem of uneven internal temperature distribution, and enhancing the system's functionality and adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the housing assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the box body according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the side insulation system assembly of the box according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom partition heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the active temperature-regulating top cover assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-dimensional temperature sensing network according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0035] See Figures 1 to 7 As shown in the exemplary embodiment of this application, the battery pack thermal management device includes a housing assembly 1 with integrated liquid cooling function, an active temperature regulating cover 7 for selectively heating or cooling the top of the module assembly, the housing assembly including a bottom liquid cooling plate 112, and a bottom heating device for heating the bottom of the module assembly 5.

[0036] Specifically, the enclosure assembly includes an enclosure body 11 and a bottom protective device 13. The bottom protective device 13 is a protective plate, which is welded or bolted to the enclosure body. The module assembly 5 is arranged in the module assembly space inside the enclosure assembly. The enclosure body 11 is welded using profiles, and the profile at its bottom is made into a liquid cooling channel as a bottom liquid cooling plate 112. Inlet and outlet ports are designed at both ends of the liquid cooling channel for connecting external coolant circulation pumps and radiators, etc., for liquid cooling devices.

[0037] The module assembly 5 is composed of multiple battery cells connected in series and parallel. The module assembly 5 is fixed in the housing by the module mounting plate 111 inside the housing assembly 1. A gap is left between the bottom of the module assembly 5 and the bottom liquid cooling plate 112, and the bottom heating device 2 is arranged in the gap.

[0038] The battery pack thermal management device of this application transforms the top cover from a passive component into an active thermal management actuator. Together with the bottom heating and bottom liquid cooling of the housing, it forms a three-dimensional active temperature control hardware architecture, realizing full-area, three-dimensional temperature field regulation.

[0039] In one embodiment, the active temperature-regulating top cover is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy and has a fluid channel 72 for cooling the top of the module assembly. A top heating device 73 is arranged on the inner side of the active temperature-regulating top cover for heating and cooling the module assembly from top to bottom. The fluid channel 72 can be integrated by brazing. The channel has two interfaces and is connected in parallel with the cooling circuit through external pipelines, three-way valves, pumps and forming an independently controllable top cooling circuit.

[0040] In one embodiment, the top heating device 73 is divided into a top high-temperature heating zone and a top low-temperature heating zone according to the heat dissipation at different locations of the module assembly. There are two top low-temperature heating zones, arranged near the two ends of the module assembly, and the middle is the top high-temperature heating zone. In another embodiment, the boundary between the top high-temperature heating zone and the top low-temperature heating zone is determined based on the thermal simulation results of the module assembly.

[0041] In this application, since the cells at both ends of the module assembly are attached to the end plate, the heat dissipation is greater than that of the cells in the middle. Therefore, the top heating device is divided into two zones for the control of the two ends and the middle of the module. Generally, the first to third cells at the outermost end of the module correspond to the low temperature zone. The specific ratio is designed with reference to the thermal simulation results. By dividing the top heating device into high temperature zone and low temperature zone, different heating control strategies are applied to the cells at different positions to minimize the temperature difference between the cells at different positions.

[0042] In one embodiment, the fluid channel 72 is an air-cooled channel and / or a liquid-cooled channel; the fluid channel is connected to an external gas cooling device or liquid cooling device to form an independently controlled heat dissipation and cooling circuit. Preferably, a liquid-cooled channel is used, which can share a liquid cooling device with the bottom liquid cooling plate. The liquid cooling circuit of the bottom liquid cooling plate can be used as the main liquid cooling circuit, and the liquid cooling circuit of the top cover can be used as the auxiliary circuit. The two are arranged in parallel and independently controlled.

[0043] In some embodiments, the liquid cooling channel of the actively temperature-controlled top cover can also be connected to an independent temperature control unit with its own heating and cooling functions, without being directly connected to the main liquid cooling circuit, so as to achieve more flexible top temperature control.

[0044] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the top cover adopts an air-cooled structure, that is, an air duct is integrated inside the top cover, and a heater is set to heat the air-cooling medium. By controlling the air damper and PTC heater, hot or cold air is guided to the top of the battery for active heating or cooling. The PTC heater is arranged inside the flow channel or on the outer surface of the flow channel, and can heat the module assembly by heating the fluid when heating is required.

[0045] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the top cover adopts a liquid-cooled structure, that is, a microchannel flow channel is integrated in the top cover and coupled with the main liquid cooling circuit, and a cooling liquid heating device is added to guide the heated cooling liquid or coolant to the top of the battery for active heating or cooling to achieve variable temperature regulation of the top cover. In this way, cooling and heating are integrated together, and the module assembly is heated or cooled through the air duct and flow channel. The PTC heater is arranged in the flow channel or on the outer surface of the flow channel, and the module assembly can be heated by heating fluid when heating is required.

[0046] In one embodiment, the top heating device 73 includes a flexible silicone heating film and / or a PTC heating element, attached to the inner side of the actively temperature-controlled top cover. Preferably, multiple flexible silicone heating films are attached to the inner side of the actively temperature-controlled top cover, such as four heating films. Figure 6 The figure shows a bottom view of the active temperature-regulating top cover. The heating film shown is rectangular, spaced apart along its width, preferably evenly spaced and of uniform size, located on the inner surface of the fluid flow channel 72. A temperature-zoned heating control scheme with central and side temperatures ensures that the cell temperatures at both ends of the module are preferentially raised to the operating temperature range. Since the top cover is metal with a high thermal conductivity, dividing the heating film into multiple strips offers several advantages: economic efficiency, ease of application, and convenient maintenance and replacement. Alternatively, a single film could be used to cover the top of the module assembly; the specific method is not limited to this.

[0047] In one embodiment of this application, a top heating controller 74 is also integrated inside the top cover body 71 of the active temperature-regulating top cover 7 to control the top heating device 73 and realize the heating and heat preservation functions of the top cover.

[0048] In one embodiment, the bottom heating device 2 is divided into a bottom high-temperature heating zone and a bottom low-temperature heating zone according to the heat dissipation at different locations of the module assembly. There are two bottom low-temperature heating zones, arranged near the two ends of the module assembly, and the middle is the bottom high-temperature heating zone. In another embodiment, the boundary between the bottom high-temperature heating zone and the bottom low-temperature heating zone is determined based on the thermal simulation results of the module assembly.

[0049] In one embodiment, the bottom heating device 2 includes a flexible silicone heating film and / or a PTC heating element, arranged at the bottom of the module assembly. Preferably, a flexible silicone heating film is used, attached to the bottom of the battery box liquid cooling plate, responsible for bottom-up heating. Specifically, the flexible silicone heating film is attached to the inner side of the active temperature-regulating cover using thermally conductive structural adhesive 4. In practice, the bottom heating device 2 uses multiple flexible silicone heating films, such as four in this example, arranged spaced apart along their width. Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the flexible heating film is arranged symmetrically above and below the top heating device. Each flexible heating film is paired with a string of battery cell stacks and is centrally located in the middle of the string of battery cell stacks. It does not fully cover the bottom surface of the battery, that is, its width is less than the length of the large surface of the battery cell. Of course, it is also possible to use a film to bond to the bottom of the module to fully cover the bottom of the module. The specific implementation method is not limited.

[0050] In this application, since the cells at both ends of the module assembly are attached to the end plate, the heat dissipation is greater than that of the cells in the middle. Therefore, the bottom heating device is divided into two zones for the control of the two ends and the middle of the module. Generally, the first to third cells at the outermost end of the module correspond to the low temperature zone. The specific ratio is designed with reference to the thermal simulation results. By dividing the bottom heating device 2 into a high temperature zone 21 and a low temperature zone 22, different heating control strategies are applied to the cells at different positions to minimize the temperature difference between the cells at different positions.

[0051] In one embodiment, a heating element, such as a PTC heating element, is arranged in the liquid cooling channel of the bottom liquid cooling plate to heat the coolant. By heating the coolant, the bottom of the module assembly is heated from bottom to top. When this technical solution is adopted, it can be used in conjunction with the bottom heating device to achieve bottom-to-top heating of the module components, or it can be used as a backup device when the bottom heating device fails, thus improving the performance of the device.

[0052] In one embodiment, the battery pack thermal management device further includes a multi-dimensional temperature sensor network 8 for monitoring thermal management temperatures, connected to the battery management system 3, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the module assembly 5 is arranged on the upper and lower surfaces, including multiple NTC sensors for measuring the surface temperature of the module and at least one ambient temperature sensor 83 for monitoring the ambient temperature of the battery pack. Preferably, the NTC sensors are classified into three first NTC sensors 81 and three second NTC sensors 82 located on the upper surface of the module assembly.

[0053] In this application, the battery management system 3 is the control core of the battery pack thermal management. Its hardware motherboard is installed inside the housing and is electrically connected to all sensors, heating devices, external liquid cooling pumps, and valves.

[0054] In one embodiment, the active temperature-regulating cover is at least partially made of phase change material. The phase change material controls the temperature of the module assembly at the top, forming a phase change active temperature-regulating cover. Active temperature control is achieved by passively absorbing or releasing heat through the latent heat of phase change, thus buffering the temperature without the addition of active thermoelectric devices. Specifically, the battery cover is entirely made of composite phase change material, or uses phase change material as the main core layer with an external structural layer to form an integrated cover.

[0055] The phase change material is a solid-liquid phase change material suitable for the operating temperature range of lithium-ion batteries. Its phase change temperature is set within the range of 40℃ to 55℃, which matches the normal operating temperature of the battery and allows for rapid initiation of heat absorption regulation when the battery heats up. Available phase change materials include one or more combinations of paraffin-based, fatty acid-based, or polyethylene glycol-based phase change materials. To address the low thermal conductivity of pure phase change materials, this embodiment adds a thermally conductive enhancing phase to the phase change material. This enhancing phase includes at least one of natural graphite, artificial graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, copper foam, aluminum foam, or thermally conductive silicone, forming a high thermal conductivity composite phase change material. This increases the overall thermal conductivity from below 0.2 W / (m·K) of the pure phase change material to above 1 W / (m·K), ensuring rapid heat transfer to the interior of the phase change material and sufficient latent heat absorption.

[0056] In terms of manufacturing method, this battery cover adopts compression molding or injection molding processes. Molten composite phase change material is placed into a pre-designed battery cover mold, and a certain pressure is applied to fill the mold cavity. After cooling, it solidifies to form a battery cover body with a certain rigidity and structural strength. To ensure that the battery cover meets the structural assembly requirements, reinforcing ribs, mounting columns, or thin metal frames can be pre-embedded inside the phase change material to improve the overall strength and sealing performance of the cover, enabling it to directly replace traditional plastic or metal battery covers.

[0057] The temperature regulation process of the battery cover is as follows: When the battery is in a low-temperature environment, the phase change material remains solid. Its low thermal conductivity helps to keep the battery warm, slowing down heat loss and improving low-temperature performance. When the battery is charging or discharging, the heat generated raises the temperature to the phase change temperature of the phase change material. The material then gradually changes from solid to liquid, absorbing a large amount of latent heat during this process. This quickly suppresses the rapid rise in battery temperature, preventing overheating, excessive temperature rise, or localized hotspots. When the battery stops working or the temperature drops, the phase change material re-solidifies from liquid to solid, releasing the stored heat to provide auxiliary heating and maintain the battery within a suitable operating temperature range.

[0058] To prevent leakage, flow, or deformation of the phase change material after melting, this embodiment uses a shaped composite phase change material. By adding a supporting skeleton, porous matrix, or sizing agent to the material system, the phase change material maintains its overall shape stability in the molten state and does not flow liquid. This ensures that the battery cover remains structurally intact and reliably sealed during long-term use, and does not cause pollution or short-circuit risks to the battery interior.

[0059] The phase change material battery cover described in this embodiment has a simple structure, is easy to install, requires no external power, consumes no energy, and has high reliability. It can achieve fully passive temperature management and is suitable for square batteries, soft-pack battery modules, and various small battery packs, which can significantly improve battery safety and cycle life.

[0060] In one embodiment, the battery pack thermal management device further includes a thermal insulation system for isolating heat exchange between the inside and outside of the module assembly; the thermal insulation system includes an external thermal insulation system 6 and a bottom thermal insulation system 12; for example, the external thermal insulation system 6 includes an upper cover thermal insulation system 62 and a housing assembly thermal insulation system 61.

[0061] like Figure 4 As shown, the enclosure assembly insulation system 61 comprises two first side insulation systems 611 and two second side insulation systems 612. In one embodiment, the insulation system uses aerogel felt as the insulation material. The external insulation system is bonded to the outer surface of the enclosure assembly and the active temperature-regulating top cover with high-temperature resistant adhesive, thus wrapping the enclosure assembly and covering the top cover. Figure 3 As shown, the bottom insulation system 12 is arranged between the bottom of the box body 12 of the box assembly 1 and the bottom protection device 13.

[0062] According to the battery pack thermal management device of this application, during battery pack thermal management, the temperature of the upper, lower, and key parts of the battery module can be collected in real time through a multi-dimensional temperature sensing network to form a three-dimensional temperature field data. Based on the three-dimensional temperature field data, the real-time operating status of the battery, and optional external information, the battery management system performs calculations through preset intelligent strategies to determine the current optimal thermal management target and operating mode. During the execution of the battery pack thermal management device, heating, cooling, or temperature equalization tasks are performed according to the decision results. The battery management system continuously monitors the changes in the temperature field and compares them with the expected target, dynamically adjusting the operating status of each execution unit to achieve closed-loop optimization control.

[0063] Specifically, in temperature control, the battery pack can be thermally managed by using a matching heating and / or cooling mode based on the average temperature of the battery pack under different temperature conditions and the temperature difference between the top and bottom.

[0064] For example, under low-temperature (-10°C) start-up conditions, when the temperature sensor network 8 detects the average temperature... When the temperature reaches -8°C and the temperature difference between the top and bottom, ΔT, is approximately 2°C, the battery management system 3 determines that it is entering pure heating mode. Simultaneously, to prevent excessive heat dissipation from the top and a widening of the temperature difference ΔT, top heat preservation is activated at the initial stage of heating, i.e., switching to "heating + top heat preservation mode." The bottom heating device 2 is activated while the top heating device 73 is controlled, and the system temperature gradually rises; when... When the temperature is >5°C and T<3°C, the battery management system 3 shuts off the top cover heating, leaving only the bottom heating on until... Stop all heating after reaching 15°C.

[0065] For example, under high-temperature (35℃) fast charging conditions, the battery management system 3 receives a fast charging command and, based on the built-in thermal model and the current temperature, simultaneously... =32°C, predicted that the temperature will rapidly exceed 40°C in the later stages of fast charging, and may generate a large ΔT due to greater heat generation at the bottom. The battery management system 3 performs predictive control, entering the "heat dissipation + top cooling mode" in advance at the beginning of charging, starting the external coolant circulation pump and operating it at a high flow rate. At the same time, the valve of the fluid flow channel 72 leading to the top cover is fully opened, allowing a large amount of coolant to flow through the top cover to enhance cooling of the top of the battery. Throughout the fast charging process, the battery management system 3 monitors ΔT in real time. If ΔT > 5°C, gradient temperature difference priority control is activated, adjusting the flow rate of the fluid flow channel 72 on the top cover and the liquid cooling plate 112 at the bottom of the casing as needed to prioritize leveling out the temperature difference between the top and bottom, ensuring temperature uniformity.

[0066] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention.

[0067] Therefore, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of the claims be included within the invention.

[0068] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A battery pack thermal management device, characterized in that, The enclosure includes an integrated liquid cooling housing assembly, an active temperature-controlled top cover for selective heating or cooling at the top of the module assembly, the housing assembly including a bottom liquid cooling plate, and a bottom heating device for heating at the bottom of the module assembly.

2. The battery pack thermal management device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The active temperature-regulating top cover has a fluid flow channel for cooling the top of the module assembly, and a top heating device is arranged on the inner side of the active temperature-regulating top cover for heating the module assembly from top to bottom. Preferably, the top heating device is divided into a top high-temperature heating zone and a top low-temperature heating zone according to the heat dissipation at different locations of the module assembly. There are two top low-temperature heating zones, arranged near the two ends of the module assembly, and the middle is the top high-temperature heating zone. Preferably, the boundary between the top high-temperature heating zone and the top low-temperature heating zone is determined based on the thermal simulation results of the module assembly.

3. The battery pack thermal management device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fluid flow channel is an air-cooled flow channel and / or a liquid-cooled flow channel; the fluid flow channel is connected to an external gas cooling device or liquid cooling device to form an independently controlled heat dissipation and cooling circuit.

4. The battery pack thermal management device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The top heating device includes a flexible silicone heating film and / or a PTC heating element, which is attached to the inner side of the active temperature-regulating top cover.

5. The battery pack thermal management device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom heating device is divided into a high-temperature heating zone and a low-temperature heating zone at different locations of the module assembly, based on the heat dissipation at different locations. There are two low-temperature heating zones at the bottom, located near the two ends of the module assembly, and the middle is the high-temperature heating zone at the bottom. Preferably, the boundary between the bottom high-temperature heating zone and the bottom low-temperature heating zone is determined based on the thermal simulation results of the module assembly.

6. The battery pack thermal management device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom heating device includes a flexible silicone heating film and / or a PTC heating element, which is arranged at the bottom of the module assembly.

7. The battery pack thermal management device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Heating elements are arranged in the liquid cooling channels of the bottom liquid cooling plate to heat the coolant, thereby heating the bottom of the module assembly from bottom to top by heating the coolant. Preferably, the active temperature-regulating top cover integrates a dual-purpose temperature-controlled flow channel for cooling and heating on the top of the module assembly. The dual-purpose temperature-controlled flow channel is either an air-cooled or liquid-cooled temperature-controlled flow channel. The temperature-controlled flow channel can selectively lead to high-temperature fluid or low-temperature fluid, or a heating element can be integrated inside the temperature-controlled flow channel.

8. The battery pack thermal management device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a multi-dimensional temperature sensor network for thermal management temperature monitoring, arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the module assembly, including multiple NTC sensors for measuring the surface temperature of the module and at least one ambient temperature sensor for monitoring the ambient temperature.

9. The battery pack thermal management device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The active temperature-regulating top cover is at least partially made of phase change material, which controls the temperature of the module assembly at the top, thus forming a phase change active temperature-regulating top cover.

10. The battery pack thermal management device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a thermal insulation system for isolating heat exchange between the inside and outside of the module assembly; the thermal insulation system includes an external thermal insulation system and a bottom thermal insulation system; preferably, the external thermal insulation system includes a top cover thermal insulation system and a housing assembly thermal insulation system; Preferably, the insulation system uses aerogel felt as the insulation material, the external insulation system is bonded to the outer surface of the box assembly and the active temperature-regulating cover, and the bottom insulation system is arranged between the bottom of the box assembly and the bottom protective device.

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