A gate drive high-voltage isolation system based on micro motor transmission

Abstract

This invention discloses a gate-driven high-voltage isolation system based on a micro-motor drive. The invention features an axially stacked chain structure, comprising a drive motor, a nylon drive rod, a drive-end coupling, an N-stage fixed plate, an N-stage driven motor, an N-stage central coupling, and M nylon support pillars. The drive motor is fixed to the nylon drive rod via the drive-end coupling. The nylon drive rod passes through the central through-holes of all driven motors, which are fixed to the fixed plate. The fixed plate is connected and fixed via the nylon support pillars, forming an N-stage rigid frame supporting the entire chain structure. The central coupling uses screws screwed into its sidewall to tighten the nylon drive rod, creating frictional coupling. This transmits the rotational torque of the drive motor shaft to the driven motors via the nylon drive rod, causing the driven motors to rotate synchronously. This forms an isolated transmission path of "electrical energy → mechanical energy → electrical energy," providing isolated power to the drive circuit board. This invention offers high isolation capability, a compact system structure, and good stability and scalability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-power pulse drive source technology, and in particular to a gate drive high-voltage isolation system based on micro motor transmission. Background Technology

[0002] Over the past half-century, the research and application of pulsed power technology have gradually expanded from the study of the radiation effects of initial nuclear weapons to areas such as high-pulse radiation physics and high-energy-density physics. Simultaneously, this technology plays an increasingly crucial role in emerging fields such as environmental protection, radiation sterilization, high-intensity pulsed laser technology, and high-power microwave technology. In the 21st century, advancements in semiconductor technology and breakthroughs in core components such as solid-state pulse transformers and solid-state pulse forming lines have driven the transformation of pulsed power systems towards all-solid-state architectures, resulting in significant improvements in repetition rate, power density, reliability, and lifespan.

[0003] Pulse superposition technology, as an important path to achieve high power output, combines the output pulse signals of multiple pulse generation units working together under precise timing control. This not only significantly improves the amplitude and total power of the output pulse, but also reduces the load on individual semiconductor switches, thus opening up new technical avenues for the development of solid-state and modular high-power solid-state pulse generators.

[0004] The circuit structure diagram of a high-power pulse generator based on pulse superposition technology is shown below. Figure 1 As shown. A pulse generator used to output high-power pulse signals is generally an N-stage series structure, with each stage corresponding to a pulse generation unit. The pulse generation unit operates as follows: first, it is charged by a high-voltage power supply to store energy; then, it releases the energy instantaneously through a solid-state switch, thereby outputting a pulse signal to the load. The solid-state switch requires a drive circuit board to generate a drive signal, and the drive circuit board (containing multiple active devices) requires a low-voltage power supply for isolated power supply. The purpose of isolation is to separate the high voltage (up to 100,000 volts) on the high-power pulse generator from the ground of the low-voltage power supply, preventing the high voltage from conducting through the ground of the low-voltage power supply, thereby damaging the low-voltage drive circuit (operating voltage is generally tens of volts, including the low-voltage power supply and the drive circuit board) and the solid-state switch. Therefore, high-voltage isolation is a crucial barrier to block high-voltage conduction and ensure the normal operation of the drive system. How to provide a low-voltage power supply module to isolate the drive circuit board is a technical problem of great concern to those skilled in the art.

[0005] Currently, the most mainstream high-voltage isolation power supply method for switch-driven systems is magnetic isolation. Commercially available isolated power supply modules are also based on the principle of magnetic isolation. The advantages of using commercial isolated power supply modules are convenience and high practicality, but the disadvantage is the limited upper limit of the isolation voltage. Currently, the highest isolation voltage of isolated power supply modules on the market is usually no more than 15 kV. This means that when the required isolation voltage reaches tens or even hundreds of kilovolts, the high-voltage isolation problem still exists.

[0006] Jan Gottschlich et al. from RWTH Aachen University in Germany proposed a high-frequency inverter rectifier gate drive circuit power supply system, referred to as Background Technology 1. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the power supply system for this circuit. The low-voltage DC power supply at the front end of the system provides an AC signal of tens of kHz to the AC bus through an inverter. The gate drive circuits at the back end (corresponding to the gate drivers) Figure 1 The drive circuit board is connected in series with a magnetic coil on the AC bus, and the number of stages of the gate drive circuit can be flexibly adjusted. The upper limit of isolation of the system depends on the isolation strength of the insulation layer wrapped around the AC bus and the distance between the AC bus and the magnetic coil. Experiments have shown that its isolation voltage can reach 15 kV.

[0007] Background Technology 1 shows that the high-frequency inverter rectifier gate drive circuit power supply system is magnetically isolated. The DC input and output are connected by a magnetic field, and the established magnetic field is constrained by a magnetic coil. In order to reduce leakage flux and achieve a high coupling coefficient, the gap between the AC bus and the magnetic coil cannot be too large. That is, the maximum isolation voltage of this type of isolated power supply system still depends on the withstand voltage of the bus. When the voltage level increases to more than 100kV, it is difficult to achieve effective isolation.

[0008] With the rapid development of optoelectronic technology, high-power semiconductor lasers and photoelectric converters have reached high technical standards, providing a foundation for the practical application of power-over-fiber (PoF) technology. PoF is a technology that uses optical power carried by optical fibers as energy rather than data, allowing for the control of gate drivers (corresponding to…) Figure 1 The driver circuit board in the PoF system is remotely powered via optical fiber, and the optical isolation between the gate driver and the low-voltage DC power supply is also achieved via optical fiber, referred to as Technical Background 2. The circuit structure of this PoF system is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, it consists of a low-voltage DC power supply, a laser, a transmission optical fiber, a photoelectric converter, a DC-DC converter, and a gate driver. Its working process is roughly as follows: the laser converts the electrical energy from the low-voltage DC power supply into optical energy, which is then transmitted through the optical fiber to the high-voltage side. The optical energy is then converted back into electrical energy by the photoelectric converter, and finally converted into a stable voltage by the DC-DC converter, which outputs it to the gate driver.

[0009] Compared to magnetic isolation, Background Technology 2, using optical fiber as the transmission medium, offers stronger resistance to electromagnetic interference and longer-distance transmission capabilities, enabling a safer and more reliable energy supply. However, Background Technology 2 still suffers from three shortcomings: First, it is costly, stemming not only from expensive high-power lasers, transmission optical fibers, and photoelectric converters, but also from its complex installation and maintenance, which increases labor and technical costs. Second, it has low integration, with each component occupying a significant amount of space, hindering the miniaturization of the equipment. Third, its reliability is affected by the environment; the optical fiber interface is susceptible to contamination and vibration, and the fiber itself is fragile, leading to frequent maintenance, complex repairs, and high costs. Therefore, to provide continuous and stable isolated power supply to the driver circuit board, there is an urgent need to develop a novel gate drive power supply isolation system that is simple in structure, easy to maintain, highly stable, and capable of achieving high pulse voltage (hundreds of kV) isolation, to replace [the original technology]. Figure 1 The low-voltage power supply in the circuit not only provides low-voltage power to the drive circuit board, but also isolates the high voltage of the high-power pulse generator. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to propose an electro-mechanical-electric gate drive high-voltage isolation system based on micro-motor drive to replace... Figure 1 Compared to magnetic isolation systems, this low-voltage power supply achieves higher isolation voltages without requiring a bulky magnetic core; compared to optical isolation systems, it is lower in cost and offers higher integration and stability. This invention achieves energy isolation and transfer through mechanical transmission, featuring a simple and compact structure, stable and reliable operation, and the ability to achieve high-level voltage isolation, thus possessing broad application prospects.

[0011] The technical solution of this invention is: This invention features an axially stacked chain structure, comprising a drive motor, a nylon transmission rod, a drive-end coupling, an N-stage fixed plate, an N-stage driven motor, an N-stage central coupling, and M nylon support pillars. N equals the number of stages in the high-power pulse generator used in practical applications (also the number of stages in the drive circuit board requiring isolated power supply), and M = N × 4, where 1 ≤ n ≤ N. The end of the nylon transmission rod closest to the drive motor is defined as the front end, and the end furthest from the drive motor is defined as the rear end. The drive motor shaft is fixedly connected to the front end of the nylon transmission rod via the drive-end coupling. The nylon transmission rod, serving as the core transmission and insulation component, passes sequentially through the first central through-hole of all driven motors. Each driven motor is fixed to a fixed plate. The N-stage fixed plates are connected and fixed by M nylon struts. Each fixed plate is equipped with a drive circuit board that requires isolated power supply. The nylon struts are hexagonal prisms with a central screw hole on the bottom. A threaded nylon screw passes through the fixed plate, and then a nylon strut is screwed to both ends of the nylon screw, thus achieving the connection between adjacent fixed plates and ultimately forming an N-stage rigid frame supporting the entire chain structure. The front end of the central coupling is fixed to the rear end of the driven motor. By screwing a screw into the side wall of the central coupling, the end of the screw presses against the nylon drive rod, forming a reliable frictional coupling. This transmits the rotational torque of the drive motor shaft to the N-stage driven motor through the nylon drive rod, causing the N-stage driven motor to rotate synchronously. Thus, this invention establishes an isolated transmission path of "electrical energy → mechanical energy → electrical energy": low-voltage DC power supply (electrical energy) supplies power to the drive motor → the drive motor shaft rotates (mechanical energy) → torque is transmitted to the nylon transmission rod through the drive end coupling (mechanical energy transmission) → the nylon transmission rod synchronously drives the N-stage driven motor to rotate through the N-stage central coupling (mechanical energy) → the driven motor generates induced current (electrical energy), which then provides isolated power supply to the N-stage drive circuit board.

[0012] The function of the drive motor is to convert initial electrical energy (low-voltage DC power) into mechanical energy (rotation of the drive motor shaft), and then drive the N-stage driven motor to rotate via a nylon transmission rod and a drive-end coupling. Based on the trend towards compactness and miniaturization in pulse power technology, the selection of the drive motor should prioritize small size, low noise, and long lifespan. Since the drive motor needs to drive the N-stage driven motor at the rear, its speed constant KV value (KV value is usually inversely proportional to torque) should be relatively low. This invention selects a B5665 low-KV brushless motor with a KV value of 100 RPM / V, and it is cylindrical in shape. A solid metal cylinder shaft extends from the rear end of the drive motor. The rotation speed of the shaft can be controlled by a speed control knob, which directly determines the output current of the driven motor. The rear end of the shaft is connected to the front end of the drive-end coupling.

[0013] The nylon drive rod is cylindrical with a diameter of D1. To ensure the nylon drive rod can pass smoothly through the driven motor, D1 must be smaller than the diameter D5 of the first central through hole of the driven motor. The total length L1 of the nylon drive rod is determined by N and the effective insulation distance S between two adjacent driven motors (S is equal to the distance between two adjacent driven motors), and must satisfy the relationship: L1 > N × S, usually L1 ≈ N × S + 20mm. The surface creepage withstand capability of nylon material is 1.6 mm / kV, which translates to an equivalent dielectric strength of approximately 0.63 kV / mm.

[0014] The drive-end coupling is made of nylon material using 3D printing. Its function is to fix the drive motor shaft to the nylon transmission rod. The drive-end coupling is in the shape of a rounded regular hexagonal prism with a height of L2 (typically 20mm ≤ L2 ≤ 30mm). The bottom surface of the drive-end coupling is a rounded regular hexagon with a distance between opposite sides of L3 (typically 15mm ≤ L3 ≤ 30mm). The central angle corresponding to the arc of the rounded regular hexagon is θ1 (typically 10° ≤ θ1 ≤ 30°). The two bottom surfaces of the drive-end coupling are respectively machined with a first blind hole and a second blind hole: the one closer to the front end is the first blind hole, which is used to accommodate the shaft of the drive motor. Therefore, its diameter D2 needs to be slightly larger than the diameter of the drive motor shaft. The depth of the first blind hole is H1 (usually 10mm ≤ H1 ≤ 15mm); the one closer to the rear end is the second blind hole, which is used to accommodate the front end of the nylon drive rod. Therefore, its diameter D3 needs to be slightly larger than the cross-sectional diameter D1 of the nylon drive rod. The depth of the second blind hole is H2 (usually 10mm ≤ H2 ≤ 15mm).

[0015] A fastening structure is designed on the side of the drive-end coupling. To uniformly and reliably clamp the front end of the drive motor shaft and the nylon transmission rod, the drive-end coupling adopts a "pre-embedded anti-rotation nut" design. Specifically, on the outer circumference of the side wall of the drive-end coupling corresponding to the insertion area of ​​the drive motor shaft (i.e., the side where the first blind hole is located), K1 (usually 2 ≤ K1 ≤ 3) first radial holes drilled from the outer wall to the first blind hole are evenly distributed along the same circumferential height. Correspondingly, on the outer circumference of the side wall corresponding to the insertion area of ​​the nylon transmission rod (i.e., the side where the second blind hole is located), K2 (usually 2 ≤ K2 ≤ 3) second radial holes are evenly distributed along the same circumferential height and connect to the second blind hole. In addition, on both bottom surfaces of the drive-end coupling, on the axes corresponding to the first and second radial holes, first pentagonal grooves (a total of K1+K2) are machined. The first pentagonal grooves are used to embed nuts that match their shape.

[0016] When connecting the drive motor shaft and the nylon drive rod using the drive-end coupling, firstly, nuts K1 and K2 are respectively embedded into the first pentagonal grooves that match their shapes. Then, the drive motor shaft is inserted into the first blind hole, and the front end of the nylon drive rod is inserted into the second blind hole. Finally, screws are passed sequentially through the first and second radial holes on the side wall of the drive-end coupling and screwed into the nuts fixed in the first pentagonal groove. The tip of the screw applies uniform radial pressure to the drive motor shaft and the front end of the nylon drive rod, generating sufficient static friction to secure the drive motor shaft, drive-end coupling, and nylon drive rod into a rigid whole. This design ensures the stability of torque transmission under high speed and long-term operation. The diameters of the first and second radial holes are equal, both D4, and D4 is equal to the diameter of the screw.

[0017] N identical driven motors are used, with the structure described using the nth-stage driven motor, where 1 ≤ n ≤ N. The nth-stage driven motor is the core of the isolated power supply in this invention, and should meet the requirements of small size, low noise, and long lifespan. The output voltage of the nth-stage driven motor is equal to the operating voltage of the nth-stage drive circuit board it serves. The nth-stage driven motor in this invention is a 2204 low-KV brushless motor with a KV value of 330 RPM / V. It is generally flat and cylindrical to reduce axial space occupation. The nth-stage driven motor has a first central through-hole penetrating its thickness, with a diameter of D5. The two bottom surfaces of the nth-stage driven motor each have three first screw holes (a total of six). The front bottom surface is connected to the nth-stage fixing plate through three first screw holes, and the rear bottom surface is connected to the nth-stage central coupling through the other three first screw holes.

[0018] The N-level through-type coupling is completely identical; its structure will be described using the nth-level through-type coupling as an example. The nth-level through-type coupling is a component that fixes the nth-level driven motor to the nylon drive rod, and it is made of nylon material using 3D printing. The nth-level through-type coupling is a rounded regular hexagonal prism with a second central through hole. The height of the nth-level through-type coupling is L5 (typically 5mm ≤ L5 ≤ 10mm); the base of the nth-level through-type coupling is a rounded regular hexagon, with the distance between opposite sides being L4 (typically 15mm ≤ L4 ≤ 30mm), and the central angle corresponding to the arc of the rounded regular hexagon is θ2 (typically 10° ≤ θ2 ≤ 30°). The diameter of the second central through hole of the nth-stage through coupling is D6. To ensure that the nylon drive rod can pass through the nth-stage through coupling, D6 must be greater than the cross-sectional diameter of the nylon drive rod, i.e., D6 > D1. Usually, D6 ≈ D1 + 0.2mm.

[0019] On the bottom surface of the nth-stage through coupling, an axial through hole corresponding to the first screw hole of the nth-stage driven motor is designed. The axial through hole is used to insert a screw, which is then screwed into the first screw hole of the nth-stage driven motor, thereby fixing the nth-stage through coupling to the nth-stage driven motor to form a "driven motor-through coupling" pre-assembly assembly. The diameter of the axial through hole is equal to the diameter of the first screw hole of the nth-stage driven motor. On the outer circumference of the side of the nth-stage through coupling, there are K3 (usually 2 ≤ K3 ≤ 3) third radial through holes drilled from the outer wall to connect with the second central through hole, with a diameter of D7, evenly distributed along the same circumferential height. Similar to the design of the drive-end coupling, on the bottom surface of the rear end of the nth-stage through coupling, a second pentagonal groove is machined on the axis corresponding to each third radial through hole. The second pentagonal groove is used to firmly embed a nut that matches its shape. The pre-assembled "driven motor-central coupling" assembly is fitted onto the nylon drive rod through the first and second central through holes. Screws are then passed sequentially through the third radial aperture on the side of the nth-stage central coupling and screwed into the nut fixed in the second pentagonal groove, with the screw tips directly pressing against the nylon drive rod. The rotating nylon drive rod drives the nth-stage driven motor to rotate through friction, thereby generating an induced current. The diameter D7 of the third radial aperture is equal to the diameter of the screw.

[0020] The N-level fixing plate is completely identical; its structure will be explained using the n-th level fixing plate as an example. The n-th level fixing plate is the mounting base for the n-th level driven motor and the n-th level drive circuit board, and it is made of nylon material through 3D printing. The length of the n-th level fixing plate is L6, and the width is L7 (L6 is equal to the sum of the bottom diameter of the n-th level driven motor (4n) and the length of the n-th level drive circuit board (8n), and L7 is equal to the bottom diameter of the n-th level driven motor (4n)). The thickness of the n-th level fixing plate is L8 (typically 3mm ≤ L8 ≤ 5mm), minimizing weight and volume while ensuring sturdiness. The nth-stage fixing plate has several through holes: the first through hole has a diameter of D8 and is used for the nylon drive rod to pass through; therefore, D8 must be larger than the diameter D1 of the nylon drive rod. There are three second through holes (equal to the number of the first screw holes at the front end of the nth-stage driven motor), used to fix the nth-stage driven motor; their diameter is equal to the diameter of the first screw hole of the nth-stage driven motor. There are four third through holes, usually distributed in the corner area of ​​the nth-stage fixing plate, used for the nylon screw to pass through. The fourth through hole is used to fix the nth-stage drive circuit board; its number and diameter are equal to the through holes pre-drilled in the design of the nth-stage drive circuit board.

[0021] The M nylon struts are identical. Taking the m-th nylon strut as an example, its structure is illustrated, where 1 ≤ m ≤ M. The m-th nylon strut is a hexagonal prism with a central screw hole on its base. The distance between opposite sides of the regular hexagonal base is L9, the diameter of the central screw hole is D9, and the length of the m-th nylon strut is L10. The function of the M nylon struts is to secure all N-level fixing plates. Taking the n-th fixing plate as an example (the first n-1 fixing plates have already been fixed): four nylon screws (generally 1 / 3 the length of L10) with external threads matching D9 (i.e., just enough to be inserted into the central screw hole) are passed through the four third through holes on the n-th fixing plate and screwed into the central screw holes of the four nylon struts located at the front end of the n-th fixing plate, with a screwing depth of approximately half the length of the nylon screw. Then, the four nylon struts are respectively fitted onto the four nylon screws from the rear end of the n-th fixing plate through the central screw holes. After tightening, the n-th fixing plate is fixed.

[0022] The main difference between this invention's gate-driven high-voltage isolation system based on micro-motor drives and traditional solutions lies in its ability to evenly distribute the high voltage required for isolation from each stage's pulse generation unit to the low-voltage power supply ground (the ground to which the low-voltage DC power supply used to power the drive motor) between adjacent slave motors, significantly reducing the voltage that needs to be isolated at each stage. For example... Figure 1Assuming a high-voltage power supply charges each stage of the pulse generation unit to U, during the discharge process, the voltages on each stage of the pulse generation unit will be superimposed. Therefore, the voltage of the first-stage pulse generation unit 1 relative to the low-voltage power supply ground is U, the voltage of the second-stage pulse generation unit 2 relative to the low-voltage power supply ground is 2U, ..., and the voltage of the Nth-stage pulse generation unit N relative to the low-voltage power supply ground is N×U. For traditional gate-driven isolation schemes (magnetic isolation and optical isolation), it is necessary to isolate the different voltages relative to the low-voltage power supply ground for each stage of the pulse generation unit. As the number of stages N increases, the difficulty of isolating the high voltage N×U of the Nth-stage pulse generation unit N relative to the low-voltage power supply ground increases significantly. In the gate-driven high-voltage isolation system based on micro-motor drive of this invention, the N×U high-voltage isolation path between the Nth-stage pulse generation unit N and the low-voltage power supply ground is: from the low-voltage DC power supply powering the drive motor along the nylon transmission rod to the Nth-stage drive circuit board. Therefore, the N×U high voltage is shared by the insulation distance S between each adjacent two-stage driven motors (i.e., in this invention, the isolation paths between the pulse generation unit and the low-voltage power supply ground can be superimposed). Thus, for each stage drive circuit board, only the isolation voltage between this stage and the previous stage drive circuit board needs to be handled, thereby avoiding large-volume high-voltage isolation components. The upper limit of the isolation voltage of the gate-driven high-voltage isolation system based on micro-motor drive theoretically depends on the number of stages N of the high-power pulse generator in the actual application and the insulation strength between adjacent two-stage drive circuit boards. The insulation performance between adjacent two-stage drive circuit boards is determined by several key factors and is limited by the weakest link in terms of insulation capacity.

[0023] Key factors affecting the insulation performance between adjacent drive circuit boards include: (1) Dielectric strength of nylon drive rod material between adjacent drive circuit boards: The volume dielectric strength of nylon is usually between 15–30 kV / mm. The voltage that can be withstood between adjacent drive circuit boards is approximately the product of the dielectric strength of nylon drive rod material and the effective insulation distance S.

[0024] (2) Insulation strength of air gap between adjacent drive circuit boards: The dielectric strength of air is about 3 kV / mm. The voltage that can be isolated between adjacent drive circuit boards through air gap is about the product of the dielectric strength of air and the effective insulation distance S.

[0025] (3) Creepage withstand capability of the nylon drive rod surface between adjacent drive circuit boards: When the nylon drive rod surface is dusty, damp, or contaminated, its surface resistance will decrease significantly, easily leading to surface flashover. In this case, the withstand voltage will be much lower than the breakdown voltage of the nylon material itself. Considering general dusty and damp environments, the creepage withstand capability of the nylon material surface (referring to the ability of the insulating material surface to resist the formation of conductive paths due to factors such as moisture, dirt, and electric fields under specific environmental conditions, ultimately leading to flashover or breakdown) is approximately 1.6 mm / kV, which is equivalent to an equivalent dielectric strength of approximately 0.63 kV / mm. Therefore, the voltage that adjacent drive circuit boards can be isolated by the nylon drive rod surface is approximately the product of this equivalent dielectric strength and the effective insulation distance S.

[0026] Since each drive circuit board is mounted on the fixed plate in a parallel manner with equal spacing, among the three key factors affecting the insulation capability of adjacent drive circuit boards, the effective insulation distance of the nylon drive rod material, the effective insulation distance of the air gap, and the effective insulation distance of the nylon rod surface are basically the same, all being the distance S between adjacent driven motors, which also represents the inter-stage insulation distance S. By comparing the equivalent dielectric strength of the above three factors, it can be seen that the isolation voltage between adjacent drive circuit boards is determined by the weakest factor in terms of insulation capability, namely the creepage tolerance of the nylon rod surface (0.63 kV / mm). Therefore, the insulation strength between adjacent drive circuit boards is approximately: S × 0.63 kV, and the upper limit of the isolation voltage of the entire drive power supply isolation system is approximately the product of the number of high-power pulse generator stages N and the insulation strength between adjacent drive circuit boards, i.e., S × N × 0.63 kV.

[0027] Compared to traditional magnetic isolation systems, this invention achieves higher isolation voltages without requiring a bulky magnetic core; compared to optical isolation systems, it offers lower cost, higher integration, and greater stability. Using this invention achieves the following effects: (1) Structural innovation and high performance: The energy conversion and isolation mechanism of "electric-mechanical-electric" is adopted, combined with Zhongtong coupling, to achieve reliable isolation drive. The upper limit of isolation voltage is equal to S×N×0.63 kV. When the number of stages N increases, the isolation capability is significantly higher than that of traditional schemes.

[0028] (2) Excellent synchronization and stability: All drive circuit boards are synchronously driven by the same nylon transmission rod to power the slave motor, ensuring the nanosecond-level synchronous conduction accuracy of each solid-state switch.

[0029] (3) High insulation reliability and modular design: The insulation performance is ensured by three factors: the dielectric strength of the nylon drive rod material between adjacent drive circuit boards, the insulation strength of the air gap between adjacent drive circuit boards, and the creepage tolerance of the nylon drive rod surface between adjacent drive circuit boards. The system adopts a modular stacking design, and the number of stages N can be flexibly expanded according to needs, making maintenance simple.

[0030] (4) Compactness and high cost performance: By evenly distributing high voltage between each stage of the drive circuit board, the dependence on a single large and expensive high voltage isolation component is eliminated, resulting in a compact system structure and significantly reduced manufacturing costs. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 The circuit structure diagram of the high-power pulse generator based on pulse superposition technology described in the background art is shown below.

[0032] Figure 2 The diagram below illustrates a high-frequency inverter rectifier gate drive circuit proposed by Jan Gottschlich of RWTH Aachen University in Germany in his academic paper "Agalvanically isolated gate driver with low coupling capacitance for mediumvoltage SiC MOSFETs".

[0033] Figure 3 The circuit structure diagram of the fiber optic power supply technology PoF described in the academic paper "A Gate Drive With Power Over Fiber-Based Isolated Power Supply and Comprehensive Protection Functions for 15-kV SiC MOSFET" by Zhang Xuan of Ohio State University, as described in Background Technology 2.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the drive motor.

[0036] Figure 6 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the nylon drive rod.

[0037] Figure 7 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the drive-end coupling. Figure 7 (a) is a three-dimensional view of the drive-end coupling. Figure 7(b) is Figure 7 (a) Sectional view along the dashed line, Figure 7 (c) is a left view of the drive-end coupling. Figure 7 (d) is a top view of the drive-end coupling.

[0038] Figure 8 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the driven motor. Figure 8 (a) is a three-dimensional view of the driven motor. Figure 8 (b) is the left view of the driven motor.

[0039] Figure 9 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the in-line coupling. Figure 9 (a) is a three-dimensional view of the Zhongtong coupling. Figure 9 (b) is Figure 9 (a) Sectional view along the dashed line, Figure 9 (c) is the front view of the Zhongtong coupling. Figure 9 (d) is a top view of the Zhongtong coupling.

[0040] Figure 10 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the middle fixed plate. Figure 10 (a) is the front view of the fixed plate. Figure 10 (b) is the left view of the fixed plate.

[0041] Figure 11 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the medium nylon support column. Figure 11 (a) is the left view of the nylon support. Figure 11 (b) is Figure 11 (a) Sectional view along the dashed line.

[0042] Figure 12 The results are the load output voltage test results of an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the gate-driven high-voltage isolation system based on micro-motor drive according to the present invention. Figure 4As shown, the present invention has an overall axially stacked chain structure, consisting of a drive motor 1, a nylon transmission rod 2, a drive-end coupling 3, N-stage fixing plates 6 (i.e., first-stage fixing plates 61, ..., nth-stage fixing plates 6n, ..., Nth-stage fixing plates 6N), N-stage driven motors 4 (i.e., first-stage driven motors 41, ..., nth-stage driven motors 4n, ..., Nth-stage driven motors 4N), N-stage central couplings 5 ​​(i.e., first-stage central couplings 51, ..., nth-stage central couplings 5n, ..., Nth-stage central couplings 5N), and M nylon support pillars 7. N equals the number of stages of the high-power pulse generator in practical applications (also the number of stages of the drive circuit board 8 requiring isolated power supply), M = N × 4, 1 ≤ n ≤ N. The end of the nylon transmission rod 2 closest to the drive motor 1 is defined as the front end, and the end of the nylon transmission rod 2 furthest from the drive motor 1 is defined as the rear end. Combined with... Figure 5 The shaft 1-1 of the drive motor 1 is fixedly connected to the front end of the nylon transmission rod 2 via the drive end coupling 3. The nylon transmission rod 2, serving as the core transmission and insulation component, passes sequentially through the first central through-hole 4-1 of all driven motors 4 (see...). Figure 8 Each driven motor 4 is fixed to a fixed plate 6. The N-stage fixed plates 6 are connected and fixed by M nylon struts 7. Each fixed plate 6 is equipped with a drive circuit board 8 that requires isolated power supply. The nylon strut 7 is a hexagonal prism with a central screw hole on the bottom surface. A nylon screw with external threads is passed through the fixed plate 6, and then a nylon strut 7 is tightened at both ends of the nylon screw, thereby achieving the fixed connection between adjacent fixed plates 6, and finally forming an N-stage rigid frame that supports the entire chain structure. The front end face of the central coupling 5 is fixed to the rear end face of the driven motor 4. By screwing a screw into the side wall of the central coupling 5, the end of the screw presses against the nylon transmission rod 2, which can form a reliable frictional coupling, thereby transmitting the rotational torque of the drive motor 1 shaft 1-1 to the N-stage driven motor 4 through the nylon transmission rod 2, so that the N-stage driven motor 4 rotates synchronously. Thus, this invention establishes an isolated transmission path of "electrical energy → mechanical energy → electrical energy": low-voltage DC power supply (electrical energy) supplies power to drive motor 1 → drive motor 1 shaft 1-1 rotates (mechanical energy) → torque is transmitted to nylon transmission rod 2 via drive end coupling 3 (mechanical energy transmission) → nylon transmission rod 2 synchronously drives N-stage driven motor 4 to rotate via N-stage central coupling 5 (mechanical energy) → driven motor 4 generates induced current (electrical energy), which then provides isolated power supply to N-stage drive circuit board 8 (i.e., first-stage drive circuit board 81, ..., nth-stage drive circuit board 8n, ..., Nth-stage drive circuit board 8N).

[0045] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the drive motor 1. The function of drive motor 1 is to convert initial electrical energy (low-voltage DC power supply) into mechanical energy (rotation of drive motor 1 shaft 1-1), and drive the N-stage driven motor 4 to rotate via nylon transmission rod 2 and drive end coupling 3. Based on the trend of compact and miniaturized pulse power technology, the selection of drive motor 1 should meet the requirements of small size, low noise, and long life. Since drive motor 1 needs to drive the N-stage driven motor 4 at the rear end to rotate, its speed constant KV value (KV value is usually inversely proportional to torque) should be relatively low. The present invention selects a B5665 low KV brushless motor with a KV value of 100 RPM / V, and the whole is cylindrical. At the rear end of drive motor 1, a shaft 1-1 extends out, and shaft 1-1 is a solid metal cylinder. The rotation speed of drive motor 1 shaft 1-1 can be controlled by a speed adjustment knob, and this speed will directly determine the output current of driven motor 4. The rear end of the rotating shaft 1-1 is connected to the front end of the drive coupling 3.

[0046] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the nylon drive rod 2. The nylon drive rod 2 is cylindrical with a diameter of D1. To ensure that the nylon drive rod 2 can pass smoothly through the driven motor 4, D1 must be smaller than the diameter D5 of the first central through hole 4-1 of the driven motor 4. The total length L1 of the nylon drive rod 2 is determined by N and the effective insulation distance S between two adjacent driven motors 4 (S is equal to the distance between two adjacent driven motors 4), and must satisfy the relationship: L1 > N × S, typically L1 ≈ N × S + 20mm. The surface creepage withstand capability of the nylon material is 1.6 mm / kV, which translates to an equivalent dielectric strength of approximately 0.63 kV / mm.

[0047] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the drive-end coupling 3. Figure 7 (a) is a three-dimensional view of the drive-end coupling 3. Figure 7 (b) is Figure 7 (a) Sectional view along the dashed line, Figure 7 (c) is a left view of the drive-end coupling 3. Figure 7 (d) is a top view of the drive-end coupling 3. For example... Figure 7 As shown in (a), the drive-end coupling 3 is made of nylon material through 3D printing. Its function is to fix the rotating shaft 1-1 of the drive motor 1 to the nylon transmission rod 2. The drive-end coupling 3 is in the shape of a rounded regular hexagonal prism, and its height is L2 (usually 20mm ≤ L2 ≤ 30mm); Figure 7 As shown in (c), the bottom surface of the drive-end coupling 3 is a rounded regular hexagon, with a distance of L3 between opposite sides (generally 15mm ≤ L3 ≤ 30mm), and the central angle corresponding to the arc of the rounded regular hexagon is θ1 (generally 10° ≤ θ1 ≤ 30°). Figure 7As shown in (b), the two bottom surfaces of the drive-end coupling 3 are respectively machined with a first blind hole 3-1 and a second blind hole 3-2: the one closer to the front end is the first blind hole 3-1, which is used to accommodate the shaft 1-1 of the drive motor 1. Therefore, its diameter D2 needs to be slightly larger than the diameter of the shaft 1-1 of the drive motor 1. The depth of the first blind hole 3-1 is H1 (usually 10mm ≤ H1 ≤ 15mm); the one closer to the rear end is the second blind hole 3-2, which is used to accommodate the front end of the nylon transmission rod 2. Therefore, its diameter D3 needs to be slightly larger than the cross-sectional diameter D1 of the nylon transmission rod 2. The depth of the second blind hole 3-2 is H2 (usually 10mm ≤ H2 ≤ 15mm).

[0048] A fastening structure is designed on the side of the drive-end coupling 3. To evenly and reliably clamp the drive motor 1 shaft 1-1 and the front end of the nylon transmission rod 2, the drive-end coupling 3 adopts a "pre-embedded anti-rotation nut" structure design. Specifically, as follows... Figure 7 (a) and Figure 7 As shown in (b), on the outer circumference of the side wall of the drive-end coupling 3 corresponding to the insertion area of ​​the drive motor 1 shaft 1-1 (i.e., the side where the first blind hole 3-1 is located), K1 first radial holes 3-3, drilled from the outer wall and communicating with the first blind hole 3-1, are evenly distributed along the same circumferential height. Correspondingly, on the outer circumference of the side wall corresponding to the insertion area of ​​the nylon transmission rod 2 (i.e., the side where the second blind hole 3-2 is located), K2 second radial holes 3-4, communicating with the second blind hole 3-2, are evenly distributed along the same circumferential height. Figure 7 As shown in (a), on the two bottom surfaces of the drive end coupling 3, corresponding to the axes of the first radial light hole 3-3 and the second radial light hole 3-4, there are first pentagonal grooves 3-5 (a total of K1+K2). The first pentagonal grooves 3-5 are used to insert nuts that match their shape.

[0049] When connecting the drive motor 1 shaft 1-1 and the nylon transmission rod 2 using the drive-end coupling 3, firstly, the K1+K2 nuts are respectively embedded into the first pentagonal groove 3-5 that matches their shape; then, the drive motor 1 shaft 1-1 is inserted into the first blind hole 3-1, and the front end of the nylon transmission rod 2 is inserted into the second blind hole 3-2; finally, the screw is passed sequentially through the first radial aperture 3-3 and the second radial aperture 3-4 on the side wall of the drive-end coupling 3, and screwed into the nut fixed in the first pentagonal groove 3-5. The tip of the screw applies uniform radial pressure to the drive motor 1 shaft 1-1 and the front end of the nylon transmission rod 2, generating sufficient static friction, thereby fixing the drive motor 1 shaft 1-1, the drive-end coupling 3, and the nylon transmission rod 2 into a rigid whole. This design ensures the stability of torque transmission under high speed and long-term operation. The diameters of the first radial aperture 3-3 and the second radial aperture 3-4 are equal, both being D4, and D4 is equal to the diameter of the screw.

[0050] N identical slave motors 4 are used. The structure is described using the nth-level slave motor 4n, where 1≤n≤N. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the nth stage driven motor 4n. Figure 8 (a) is a three-dimensional view of the nth stage driven motor 4n. Figure 8 (b) is a left view of the nth-stage driven motor 4n. The nth-stage driven motor 4n is the core of the isolated power supply of this invention, and should meet the requirements of small size, low noise, and long life. The output voltage of the nth-stage driven motor 4n is equal to the working voltage of the nth-stage drive circuit board 8n that needs to be served. The nth-stage driven motor 4n of this invention is a 2204 low-KV brushless motor with a KV value of 330 RPM / V. Its overall shape is a flat cylinder to reduce the axial space occupation. The center of the nth-stage driven motor 4n has a first central through hole 4-1 that penetrates its thickness, and its diameter is D5. The two bottom surfaces of the nth-stage driven motor 4n each have three first screw holes 4-2 (a total of six). The front bottom surface is connected to the nth-stage fixing plate 6n through three first screw holes 4-2, and the rear bottom surface is connected to the nth-stage central coupling 5n through the other three first screw holes 4-2.

[0051] The N-level through coupling 5 is exactly the same, and its structure is described using the nth-level through coupling 5n. Figure 9 This is a structural schematic diagram of the nth-stage through coupling 5n. Figure 9 (a) is a three-dimensional view of the nth-level through coupling 5n. Figure 9 (b) is Figure 9 (a) Sectional view along the dashed line, Figure 9 (c) is the front view of the nth-stage through coupling 5n. Figure 9(d) is a top view of the nth-stage through coupling 5n. The nth-stage through coupling 5n is a component that fixes the nth-stage driven motor 4n to the nylon transmission rod 2, and is made of nylon material through 3D printing. Figure 9 As shown in (a), the nth-stage through coupling 5n is an integral rounded regular hexagonal prism with a second central through hole 5-1. Figure 9 As shown in (d), the height of the nth stage through coupling 5n is L5 (typically 5mm ≤ L5 ≤ 10mm); Figure 9 As shown in (c), the bottom surface of the nth-stage through coupling 5n is a rounded regular hexagon with a side-to-side distance of L4 (usually 15mm ≤ L4 ≤ 30mm). The central angle corresponding to the arc of the rounded regular hexagon is θ2 (usually 10° ≤ θ2 ≤ 30°). The diameter of the second central through hole 5-1 of the nth-stage through coupling 5n is D6. To ensure that the nylon drive rod 2 can pass through the nth-stage through coupling 5n, D6 must be greater than the cross-sectional diameter of the nylon drive rod 2, i.e., D6 > D1, and usually D6 ≈ D1 + 0.2mm.

[0052] like Figure 9 As shown in (a), an axial through hole 5-2 corresponding to the first screw hole 4-2 of the nth-stage driven motor 4n is designed on the bottom surface of the through coupling 5n. The axial through hole 5-2 is used to insert a screw, which is then screwed into the first screw hole 4-2 of the nth-stage driven motor 4n, thereby fixing the nth-stage through coupling 5n and the nth-stage driven motor 4n together to form a pre-assembled "driven motor-through coupling" assembly. The diameter of the axial through hole 5-2 is equal to the diameter of the first screw hole 4-2 of the nth-stage driven motor 4n. Figure 9 As shown in (a) and 9(d), on the outer circumference of the side of the nth-stage through coupling 5n, there are K3 (usually 2 ≤ K3 ≤ 3) third radial holes 5-3 drilled from the outer wall to connect with the second central through hole 5-1, with a diameter of D7, evenly distributed along the same circumferential height. Similar to the design of the drive-end coupling 3, on the bottom surface of the rear end of the nth-stage through coupling 5n, a second pentagonal groove 5-4 is machined on the axis corresponding to each third radial hole 5-3. The second pentagonal groove 5-4 is used to firmly embed a nut that matches its shape. The "driven motor-through coupling" pre-assembled assembly is fitted onto the nylon drive rod 2 through the first central through hole 4-1 and the second central through hole 5-1. Then, screws are passed through the third radial holes 5-3 on the side of the nth-stage through coupling 5n and screwed into the nut fixed in the second pentagonal groove 5-4. The screw tip directly presses against the nylon drive rod 2. The rotating nylon rod drive rod 2 drives the nth stage driven motor 4n to rotate through friction, thereby generating an induced current. The diameter D7 of the third radial aperture 5-3 is equal to the diameter of the screw.

[0053] The N-level fixing plate 6 is exactly the same. Taking the nth-level fixing plate 6n as an example, its structure will be explained. Figure 10 This is a structural diagram of the nth level fixed plate 6n. Figure 10 (a) is the front view of the nth level fixed plate 6n. Figure 10 (b) is the left view of the nth level fixed plate 6n. (Combined with...) Figure 4 The nth-stage fixing plate 6n serves as the mounting base for the nth-stage driven motor 4n and the nth-stage drive circuit board 8n, and is fabricated using nylon material via 3D printing. The nth-stage fixing plate 6n has a length of L6 and a width of L7 (L6 equals the sum of the bottom diameter of the nth-stage driven motor (4n) and the length of the nth-stage drive circuit board (8n), and L7 equals the bottom diameter of the nth-stage driven motor (4n)). The thickness of the nth-stage fixing plate 6n is L8 (typically 3mm ≤ L8 ≤ 5mm), minimizing weight and volume while ensuring robustness. The nth-stage fixing plate 6n has several through holes: the first through hole 6-1 has a diameter of D8 and is used for the nylon drive rod 2 to pass through; therefore, D8 must be larger than the diameter D1 of the nylon drive rod 2. There are three second through holes 6-2 (equal to the number of first screw holes 4-2 at the front end of the nth-stage driven motor 4n), used to fix the nth-stage driven motor 4n, and their diameter is equal to the diameter of the first screw hole 4-2 of the nth-stage driven motor 4n. There are four third through holes 6-3, usually distributed in the corner area of ​​the nth-stage fixing plate 6n, used for the passage of nylon screws. The fourth through hole 6-4 is used to fix the nth-stage drive circuit board 8n, and its number and diameter are equal to the through holes pre-reserved in the design of the nth-stage drive circuit board 8n.

[0054] M nylon support columns 7 are completely identical. Taking the m-th nylon support column 7m as an example to illustrate its structure, 1 ≤ m ≤ M. Figure 11 This is a structural diagram of the m-th nylon support column, which is 7m long. Figure 11 (a) is the left view of the m-th nylon support column, 7m in length. Figure 11 (b) is Figure 11(a) is a cross-sectional view along the dashed line. The m-th nylon support 7m is a hexagonal prism with a central screw hole 7-1 on the bottom surface. The distance between opposite sides of the regular hexagonal bottom surface is L9, the diameter of the central screw hole 7-1 is D9, and the length of the m-th nylon support 7m is L10. The function of M nylon struts 7 is to achieve the fixation of all N-level fixing plates 6. Taking the n-th level fixing plate 6n as an example (the first n-1 level fixing plates 6(n-1) have been fixed): 4 nylon screws (generally 1 / 3 the length of L10) with external threads matching D9 (that is, just enough to be inserted into the center screw hole 7-1) are passed through the 4 third through holes 6-3 on the n-th level fixing plate 6n and screwed into the center screw holes 7-1 of the 4 nylon struts 7 located at the front end of the n-th level fixing plate 6n. The screwing depth is about half the length of the nylon screw. Then, the 4 nylon struts 7 are respectively put on the 4 nylon screws from the rear end of the n-th level fixing plate 6n through the center screw holes 7-1. After tightening, the n-th level fixing plate 6n is fixed.

[0055] The working process of this invention is as follows: A low-voltage DC power supply powers the drive motor 1, causing the drive motor 1 shaft 1-1 to rotate. The drive motor 1 shaft 1-1 drives the nylon transmission rod 2 to rotate without slippage through the drive end coupling 3. The nylon transmission rod 2 drives N driven motors 4 to rotate synchronously at the same angular velocity through the central coupling 5, thereby generating induced current to power N drive circuit boards 8.

[0056] Example 1: Example 1 of the gate drive high-voltage isolation system based on micro-motor drive is as follows: This drive high-voltage isolation system was experimentally verified by applying it to a stacked Blumlein PFN (Blumlein Pulse Forming Network) device with adjustable number of stages. With a low-voltage DC power supply charging voltage of 11 kV and the number of stages N increased to 10, the output voltage amplitude of the stacked Blumlein PFN was approximately 99 kV, meaning this drive isolation scheme successfully achieved high-voltage isolation at the hundred-kV level. Its specific design and key dimensions are as follows: The drive motor 1 is a B5665 low-KV brushless motor with a KV value of 100RPM / V. The cross-sectional diameter D1 of the nylon transmission rod 2 is 3mm. In this embodiment, the effective insulation distance between adjacent levels (i.e., the distance between adjacent driven motors 4) is set to S=40mm, and N is 10. Therefore, L1 should be greater than 400mm, and L1=450mm is taken. The height L2 of the drive end coupling 3 is 30mm, the distance L3 between the bottom face and the edge of the rounded hexagon is 20mm, and the central angle θ1 corresponding to the bottom arc is 30°. The diameter D2 of the first blind hole 3-1 of the drive end coupling 3 is 8.2mm, and the depth H1 is 15mm. The diameter D3 of the second blind hole 3-2 of the drive end coupling 3 is 3.2mm, and the depth H2 is 15mm. On the side of the drive end coupling 3, there are two first radial light holes 3-3 and two second radial light holes 3-4 evenly distributed at two circumferential heights, each with a diameter D4 of 2.5mm. N driven motors 4 are selected as 2204 low-KV brushless motors with a KV value of 300RPM / V; the diameter D5 of the first central through hole 4-1 of the nth stage driven motor 4n is 3.5mm. The height L5 of the nth stage central coupling 5n is 5mm, the distance L4 between the bottom face and the edge of the rounded hexagonal is 20mm, the central angle θ2 corresponding to the bottom arc is 30°, and the diameter D6 of the second central through hole 5-1 is 3.5mm; K3=3 third radial holes 5-3 are evenly distributed on the side of the nth stage central coupling 5n, with a diameter D7 of 3mm. The length L6=70mm, the width L7=30mm, and the thickness L8=3mm of the nth stage fixing plate 6n; the diameter D8 of the first through hole 6-1 on the nth stage fixing plate 6n is 5mm, the diameter of the second through hole 6-2 is 2.4mm, the diameter of the third through hole 6-3 is 5mm, and the diameter of the fourth through hole 6-4 is 3.4mm. The m-th nylon support has a base hexagon with opposite sides L9 of 8.7mm, a center screw hole diameter D9 of 5mm, and a length L10 of 40mm.

[0057] System Isolation Voltage Upper Limit Analysis: The upper limit of the isolation voltage in this embodiment is determined by the surface creepage capability of the nylon drive rod 2. Considering general dusty and humid environments, the minimum creepage distance requirement for nylon material is 1.6 mm / kV, which translates to an equivalent dielectric strength of approximately 0.63 kV / mm. The spacing S between two adjacent driven motors 4 in this invention is 40 mm. Based on this, the insulation strength between adjacent stages is approximately 40 mm × 0.63 kV / mm = 25.2 kV. For a system with N=10 stages, the total upper limit of the isolation voltage Vmax ≈ 10 × 25.2 kV = 252 kV.

[0058] This embodiment has an overall axially stacked chain structure with a spacing of about 40mm between adjacent stages. The maximum cross-sectional size depends on the fixed plate 6, which is about 40mm × 70mm. It has modular and compact features, which is very much in line with the development requirements of modern pulse power systems for miniaturization and modularization of drive sources.

[0059] To verify the characteristics of this embodiment, it was applied to a stacked Blummlein PFN device (a high-power pulse generator). The charging voltage was set to 11kV, and discharge tests were conducted by sequentially changing the number of stages N to 1, 2, 5, and 10. The output voltage waveforms of the stacked Blummlein PFN at different stages were measured with an oscilloscope as follows: Figure 12 As shown. The output performance parameters of the stacked Blumlein PFN mainly include the pulse leading edge (the time required for the signal to rise from 10% to 90% of its stable amplitude), pulse width (the pulse duration measured at 50% of the signal amplitude), and voltage efficiency. Voltage efficiency is calculated as the ratio of the actual output voltage amplitude to the theoretical output voltage amplitude. Taking N=5 as an example, since the charging voltage is 11kV, the theoretical output voltage amplitude of a 5-stage stacked Blumlein PFN is 5 × 11 = 55kV. Figure 12 The actual measured voltage amplitude when N=5 is 50kV, and the voltage efficiency is 50 / 55 ≈ 90%. Experimental results show that at an 11kV charging voltage, the output performance parameters of stacked Blullein PFNs with different stages remain at similar levels; specifically, the output pulse width is approximately 103 ns, the pulse rise time is approximately 32 ns, and the voltage efficiency is approximately 90%. This stability in parameters demonstrates that the gate drive power supply isolation scheme based on micro-motor transmission exhibits relatively good capabilities in driving multi-stage switches to conduct synchronously and achieving high-voltage isolation in the drive circuit. Finally, when the number of stages N increases to 10, the output voltage amplitude of the stacked Blullein PFN is approximately 99kV, meaning this drive isolation scheme successfully achieves high-voltage isolation at the nearly 100kV level. Experimental results fully demonstrate that the advantages of the electro-mechanical-electric gate-driven high-voltage isolation system based on micro-motor drive of the present invention compared with several isolation power supply methods in the background technology are as follows: First, through the "electro-mechanical-electric" transmission isolation mechanism, an isolation pulse voltage level far exceeding that of traditional solutions is achieved; second, the modular chain structure allows the number of system stages to be flexibly expanded according to insulation requirements, and assembly and maintenance are simple; third, it avoids expensive high-voltage isolation devices, and significantly reduces system cost and size while ensuring high performance.

[0060] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gate-driven high-voltage isolation system based on micro-motor transmission, characterized in that... The gate-driven high-voltage isolation system based on micro-motor transmission has an overall axially stacked chain structure, consisting of a drive motor (1), a nylon drive rod (2), a drive-end coupling (3), an N-stage fixed plate (6), an N-stage driven motor (4), an N-stage through coupling (5), and M nylon support columns (7). N is equal to the number of stages of the high-power pulse generator in actual applications, and M = N × 4. The end of the nylon drive rod (2) closer to the drive motor (1) is defined as the front end, and the end of the nylon drive rod (2) further away from the drive motor (1) is defined as the rear end. The shaft (1-1) of the drive motor (1) is fixedly connected to the front end of the nylon drive rod (2) through the drive-end coupling (3). The drive motor (1) converts the initial electrical energy of the low-voltage DC power supply into... The mechanical energy of the drive motor (1) shaft (1-1) rotation is converted into the mechanical energy of the drive motor (1), and then drives the N-stage driven motor (4) to rotate via the nylon transmission rod (2) and the drive end coupling (3); the nylon transmission rod (2) is a transmission and insulation component, which passes through the first central through hole (4-1) of all driven motors (4) in sequence; the drive end coupling (3) is made of nylon material, is in the shape of a rounded regular hexagonal prism, and adopts a "pre-embedded anti-rotation nut" structure design to clamp the front end of the drive motor (1) shaft (1-1) and the nylon transmission rod (2), thus fixing the drive motor (1) shaft (1-1), the drive end coupling (3) and the nylon transmission rod (2) into a rigid whole; each driven motor (4) is fixed to a fixed plate (6). On the top, the N-level fixed plate (6) is connected and fixed by M nylon support columns (7). Each fixed plate (6) is equipped with a drive circuit board (8) that needs to be isolated for power supply. The nylon support column (7) is a hexagonal prism with a central screw hole on the bottom surface. The nylon screw with external thread is passed through the fixed plate (6), and then a nylon support column (7) is tightened at both ends of the nylon screw to realize the connection between adjacent fixed plates (6) and form an N-level rigid frame that supports the entire chain structure. The central coupling (5) is a rounded regular hexagonal prism made of nylon material. The front end of the central coupling (5) is fixed to the rear end of the driven motor (4). The screw is screwed into the side wall of the central coupling (5), and the end of the screw is pressed against the nylon transmission rod (2). Frictional coupling is formed, and the rotational torque of the drive motor (1) shaft (1-1) is transmitted to the N-stage driven motor (4) through the nylon transmission rod (2), so that the N-stage driven motor (4) rotates synchronously and generates induced current; an isolated transmission path of "electrical energy → mechanical energy → electrical energy" is formed, that is, the low-voltage DC power supply supplies power to the drive motor (1) to provide electrical energy → the drive motor (1) shaft (1-1) rotates to obtain mechanical energy → the torque is transmitted to the nylon transmission rod (2) through the drive end coupling (3) so that the mechanical energy is transmitted → the nylon transmission rod (2) drives the N-stage driven motor (4) to rotate synchronously through the N-stage through coupling (5) → the driven motor (4) generates induced current, and then provides isolated power supply to the N-stage drive circuit board (8).

2. The gate drive high-voltage isolation system based on micro-motor drive as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The drive motor (1) is required to meet the requirements of small size, low noise and long life. It is a B5665 low KV brushless motor with a KV value of 100RPM / V and is cylindrical in shape. A rotating shaft (1-1) extends from the rear end of the drive motor (1). The rotating shaft (1-1) is a solid metal cylinder. The drive motor (1) controls the rotation speed of the rotating shaft (1-1) through a speed adjustment knob. The rear end of the rotating shaft (1-1) is connected to the front end of the drive end coupling (3).

3. The gate drive high-voltage isolation system based on micro-motor drive as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The nylon drive rod (2) is cylindrical with a diameter of D1, which is smaller than the diameter D5 of the first central through hole (4-1) of the driven motor (4). The total length L1 of the nylon drive rod (2) is determined by N and the effective insulation distance S between the two adjacent driven motors (4), satisfying the relationship L1≈ N × S + 20mm. S is equal to the distance between the two adjacent driven motors (4).

4. The gate drive high-voltage isolation system based on micro-motor drive as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The function of the drive-end coupling (3) is to fix the shaft (1-1) of the drive motor (1) to the nylon transmission rod (2). The bottom surface of the drive-end coupling (3) is a rounded regular hexagon. The two bottom surfaces of the drive-end coupling (3) are respectively machined with a first blind hole (3-1) and a second blind hole (3-2): the first blind hole (3-1) near the front end is used to accommodate the shaft (1-1) of the drive motor (1), and the diameter D2 is slightly larger than the diameter of the shaft (1-1) of the drive motor (1); the second blind hole (3-2) near the rear end is used to accommodate the front end of the nylon transmission rod (2), and the diameter D3 is slightly larger than the cross-sectional diameter of the nylon transmission rod (2). D1; The structural design of the "pre-embedded anti-rotation nut" refers to the following: On the outer circumference of the side wall of the drive-end coupling (3) corresponding to the insertion area of ​​the drive motor (1) shaft (1-1), i.e., the side where the first blind hole (3-1) is located, K1 first radial holes (3-3) are evenly distributed along the same circumferential height, drilling through the outer wall until they penetrate the first blind hole (3-1); Correspondingly, on the outer circumference of the side wall corresponding to the insertion area of ​​the nylon transmission rod (2), i.e., the side where the second blind hole (3-2) is located, K2 second radial holes (3-4) are evenly distributed along the same circumferential height, penetrating the second blind hole (3-2); On the two bottoms of the drive-end coupling (3) On the surface corresponding to the axes of the first radial aperture (3-3) and the second radial aperture (3-4), K1+K2 first pentagonal grooves (3-5) are machined. The first pentagonal grooves (3-5) are used to embed nuts that match their shape. When connecting the shaft (1-1) of the drive motor (1) and the nylon transmission rod (2) using the drive end coupling (3), firstly, the K1+K2 nuts are respectively embedded into the first pentagonal grooves (3-5) that match their shape. Then, the shaft (1-1) of the drive motor (1) is inserted into the first blind hole (3-1), and the front end of the nylon transmission rod (2) is inserted into the second blind hole (3-2). In the middle; finally, the screw is passed through the first radial light hole (3-3) and the second radial light hole (3-4) on the side wall of the drive end coupling (3) in sequence, and screwed into the nut fixed in the first pentagonal groove (3-5); the tip of the screw applies uniform radial pressure to the shaft (1-1) of the drive motor (1) and the front end of the nylon transmission rod (2), generating static friction force, and fixing the shaft (1-1) of the drive motor (1), the drive end coupling (3) and the nylon transmission rod (2) into a rigid whole; the diameter of the first radial light hole (3-3) and the second radial light hole (3-4) are equal, both being D4, and D4 is equal to the diameter of the screw.

5. A gate drive high-voltage isolation system based on micro-motor drive as described in claim 4, characterized in that... The drive-end coupling (3) is manufactured by 3D printing. The height L2 satisfies 20mm ≤ L2 ≤ 30mm. The distance L3 between the bottom surface and the edge of the drive-end coupling (3) satisfies 15mm ≤ L3 ≤ 30mm. The central angle θ1 corresponding to the arc of the rounded regular hexagon satisfies 10° ≤ θ1 ≤ 30°. The depth H1 of the first blind hole (3-1) satisfies 10mm ≤ H1 ≤ 15mm. The depth H2 of the second blind hole (3-2) satisfies 10mm ≤ H2 ≤ 15mm. K1 satisfies 2 ≤ K1 ≤ 3, and K2 satisfies 2 ≤ K2 ≤ 3.

6. The gate drive high-voltage isolation system based on micro-motor drive as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The nth-stage driven motor (4n) among the N driven motors (4) meets the requirements of small size, low noise and long life. The output voltage of the nth-stage driven motor (4n) is equal to the working voltage of the nth-stage drive circuit board (8n) to be served. The nth-stage driven motor (4n) is selected as a 2204 low KV brushless motor with a KV value of 330 RPM / V and is a flat cylindrical shape. The center of the nth-stage driven motor (4n) has a first central through hole (4-1) that penetrates its thickness and has a diameter of D5. The two bottom surfaces of the nth-stage driven motor (4n) each have three first screw holes (4-2). The front bottom surface is connected to the nth-stage fixing plate (6n) in the Nth-stage fixing plate (6) through the three first screw holes (4-2), and the rear bottom surface is connected to the nth-stage central coupling (5n) in the Nth-stage central coupling (5) through the other three first screw holes (4-2). 1≤n≤N.

7. The gate drive high-voltage isolation system based on micro-motor drive as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The nth-stage central coupling (5n) in the Nth-stage central coupling (5) is a component that fixes the nth-stage driven motor (4n) and the nylon transmission rod (2), and is made by 3D printing; the nth-stage central coupling (5n) is a rounded regular hexagonal prism with a second central through hole (5-1); the bottom surface of the nth-stage central coupling (5n) is a rounded regular hexagon; the diameter of the second central through hole (5-1) of the nth-stage central coupling (5n) is D6, which is larger than the cross-sectional diameter D1 of the nylon transmission rod (2); in the nth-stage central coupling (4n) On the bottom surface of 5n, an axial through hole (5-2) is designed corresponding to the first screw hole (4-2) of the nth stage driven motor (4n); the axial through hole (5-2) is used to insert a screw, which is screwed into the first screw hole (4-2) of the nth stage driven motor (4n) to fix the nth stage through coupling (5n) and the nth stage driven motor (4n) to form a "driven motor-through coupling" pre-assembly assembly. The diameter of the axial through hole (5-2) is equal to the diameter of the first screw hole (4-2) of the nth stage driven motor (4n); the nth stage through coupling (5n) is designed to insert a screw, which is screwed into the first screw hole (4-2) of the nth stage driven motor (4n) to fix the nth stage through coupling (5n) and the nth stage driven motor (4n) to form a "driven motor-through coupling" pre-assembly assembly assembly. The diameter of the axial through hole (5-2) is equal to the diameter of the first screw hole (4-2) of the nth stage driven motor (4n); the nth stage through coupling (5n) is designed to insert a screw, which is screwed into the first screw hole (4-2) of the nth stage driven motor (4n) to fix the nth stage driven motor (4n) to form a "driven motor-through coupling" pre-assembly assembly ... assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly assembly On the outer circumference of the side of the nth-stage through-hole coupling (5n), there are K3 third radial holes (5-3) with a diameter of D7, evenly distributed along the same circumferential height, drilling from the outer wall to the second central through hole (5-1). On the bottom surface of the rear end of the nth-stage through-hole coupling (5n), corresponding to the axis of each third radial hole (5-3), a second pentagonal groove (5-4) is machined. The second pentagonal groove (5-4) is used to insert a nut that matches its shape, thus assembling the "driven motor-through-hole coupling" pre-assembled component. The body is fitted onto the nylon drive rod (2) through the first central through hole (4-1) and the second central through hole (5-1). Then, the screw is passed through the third radial light hole (5-3) on the side of the nth-stage central coupling (5n) and screwed into the nut fixed in the second pentagonal groove (5-4). The tip of the screw directly presses against the nylon drive rod (2). The rotating nylon drive rod (2) drives the nth-stage driven motor (4n) to rotate through friction, thereby generating an induced current. The diameter D7 of the third radial light hole (5-3) is equal to the diameter of the screw.

8. The gate drive high-voltage isolation system based on micro-motor drive as described in claim 7, characterized in that... The height L5 of the nth-stage through coupling (5n) in the Nth-stage through coupling (5) satisfies 5mm ≤ L5 ≤ 10mm, the distance between opposite sides of the bottom surface of the nth-stage through coupling (5n) is L4, which satisfies 15mm ≤ L4 ≤ 30mm, and the central angle θ2 corresponding to the arc of the rounded regular hexagon satisfies 10° ≤ θ2 ≤ 30°; the diameter D6 of the second central through hole (5-1) of the nth-stage through coupling (5n) is approximately D1 + 0.2mm; and K3 satisfies 2 ≤ K3 ≤ 3.

9. A gate drive high-voltage isolation system based on micro-motor drive as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The nth-level fixing plate (6n) in the Nth-level fixing plate (6) is the mounting base for the nth-level driven motor (4n) among the N driven motors (4) and the nth-level drive circuit board (8n) in the Nth-level drive circuit board (8). It is made of nylon material by 3D printing. The length of the nth-level fixing plate (6n) is L6, which is equal to the sum of the bottom diameter of the nth-level driven motor (4n) and the length of the nth-level drive circuit board (8n). The width is L7, which is equal to the bottom diameter of the nth-level driven motor (4n). The thickness L8 of the nth-level fixing plate (6n) satisfies 3mm ≤ L8 ≤ 5mm; The nth-level fixing plate (6n) is designed with multiple through holes: the first through hole (6-1) is used for the nylon drive rod (2) to pass through, and the diameter D8 is greater than the diameter D1 of the nylon drive rod (2); the number of the second through holes (6-2) is equal to the number of the first screw holes (4-2) at the front end of the nth-level driven motor (4n), and is used to fix the nth-level driven motor (4n), and its hole diameter is equal to the diameter of the first screw hole (4-2) of the nth-level driven motor (4n); there are 4 third through holes (6-3), which are distributed in the corner area of ​​the nth-level fixing plate (6n) and are used to pass through the nylon screw; the fourth through hole (6-4) is used to fix the nth-level drive circuit board (8n), and its number and hole diameter are equal to the through holes reserved in the design of the nth-level drive circuit board (8n).

10. A gate drive high-voltage isolation system based on micro-motor drive as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The m-th nylon support (7m) of the M-th nylon support (7) is a hexagonal prism with a central screw hole (7-1) on its bottom surface. The distance between opposite sides of the regular hexagonal bottom surface is L9, the diameter of the central screw hole (7-1) is D9, and the length of the m-th nylon support (7m) is L10. The M-th nylon support (7) realizes the fixation of all N-level fixing plates (6), wherein the fixation method of the n-th level fixing plate (6n) is: 4 nylon threads with external threads matching D9 are connected. The screw passes through the four third through holes (6-3) on the nth level fixing plate (6n) and is screwed into the central screw holes (7-1) of the four nylon support columns (7) located at the front end of the nth level fixing plate (6n). The screwing depth is half the length of the nylon screw. Then, the four nylon support columns (7) are respectively put on the four nylon screws from the rear end of the nth level fixing plate (6n) through the central screw holes (7-1). After tightening, the nth level fixing plate (6n) is fixed. 1 ≤ m ≤ M, and the length of the nylon screw is 1 / 3 of L10.

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