A TBM temporary support extension structure and method of use thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the field of TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) driving temporary support, in particular to a TBM temporary support extension structure and a using method thereof. In view of the problems of limited support range and low space utilization of the temporary support extension structure in the prior art, the following scheme is provided, which comprises a driving cutter head, a protective shield, a main beam, a first-stage support, a second-stage support, a first telescopic hydraulic cylinder and a second telescopic hydraulic cylinder. The first-stage support is rotationally connected with the protective shield, the second-stage support is slidably assembled on the first-stage support, the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder and the second telescopic hydraulic cylinder are cooperatively matched, the rotation of the first-stage support and the unfolding and contraction actions of the second-stage support are realized, the structure can pass through a narrow space in a contracted state, and a large-area support surface is formed after unfolding, thereby solving the problems of limited support range and poor adaptability of the traditional support. The hydraulic cylinders are cooperatively matched to realize rapid extension and positioning, the application is suitable for complex geological conditions such as mine tunnels, sufficient time is reserved for anchor support operation, and the efficiency of roadway driving is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of temporary support for TBM tunneling, and more particularly to a temporary support extension structure for TBMs and its application method. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of tunnel boring machine (TBM) industry in China, the application of hard rock tunnel boring machines (TBMs) is also increasing. TBMs can be divided into open-face TBMs and shield TBMs.

[0003] The shield-type TBM uses propulsion cylinders to provide forward power to the main unit, while the tunnel segments provide the reaction force to the propulsion cylinders. Shield-type TBMs employ segment support. Due to the long shield body, shield-type TBMs have a higher risk of jamming, especially in formations with large deformation convergence. Jamming issues can take a long time to resolve, impacting tunneling efficiency.

[0004] Open-type TBMs use propulsion cylinders to provide forward power to the main unit, while sidewalls are secured by support shoes, providing reaction force to the propulsion cylinders. Open-type TBMs employ shotcrete and anchor support methods, primarily involving the installation of steel arch frames, rebar rows, anchor bolts, and shotcrete. However, during tunneling, significant debris buildup occurs in the arches, leading to a large workload for support and debris removal. The support shoes cannot be directly secured, significantly reducing tunneling efficiency. During tunneling, personnel and equipment are exposed and lack protection, posing a high safety risk. Furthermore, the operation of the tunneling system can easily result in excessive distances between temporary and permanent supports, potentially increasing the risk of tunnel collapse.

[0005] To address the above issues, taking patent "CN208456605U" as a typical example, existing temporary support methods involve installing steel arch frame installer gear rings on the main beam and placing the extended support system on the main beam during TBM operation. However, this structure may interfere with the operation of permanent support anchor drilling rigs, thus exhibiting certain drawbacks during operation. Therefore, this solution proposes a TBM temporary support extension structure and its usage method. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention proposes a temporary support extension structure for TBMs, which solves the problems of limited support range and low space utilization in the existing temporary support extension structures.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A temporary support extension structure for a TBM and its method of use, comprising a tunneling cutterhead, a protective shield, and a main beam installed on the back of the protective shield. The protective shield is located on the back of the tunneling cutterhead and is fixedly connected to the tunneling cutterhead. Multiple temporary support extension structures are installed on the side of the protective shield away from the tunneling cutterhead. The temporary support extension structure includes a primary support, a secondary support, and a tertiary support fixed to one end of the secondary support. One end of the primary support is hinged to the side of the protective shield away from the cutterhead, and a first telescopic component for driving the primary support to rotate is installed on the protective shield. A storage hole is opened inside the primary support, and the end of the tertiary support away from the secondary support is inserted into the storage hole and slidably connected to it. A second telescopic component for driving the secondary support to move along the length direction of the primary support is installed on the bottom surface of the primary support. The first-level support has storage slots on both long sides that are connected to the storage holes, and side plates are movably installed in both storage slots. A linkage component is installed in the storage hole and is connected to the third-level support in a transmission manner, so that when the third-level support extends out of the storage hole, it drives the two side plates to extend out of the storage slots at the same time, and when the third-level support retracts into the storage hole, it drives the two side plates to retract into the storage slots at the same time. The top of the three-level support is provided with a storage slot, in which a top plate and a transmission component for driving the top plate to rise and fall are installed. The transmission component cooperates with the three-level support to drive the top plate to rise until it is level with the height of the first-level support when the storage slot extends out of the storage hole along with the three-level support. Before the storage slot retracts into the storage hole, the top plate is driven to retract into the storage slot.

[0008] The above technical solutions not only allow for flexible adjustment of the support range, but also provide high support stability and good safety performance, enabling "support as you excavate and precise support", effectively shortening the support operation time, reserving sufficient time for anchoring operations, and further improving the overall tunneling efficiency.

[0009] As a further improvement to the above solution, the first telescopic component is a first telescopic hydraulic cylinder, and the fixed end of the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the protective shield, and the output end of the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the bottom surface of the first-level support. The second telescopic component is a second telescopic hydraulic cylinder, and the output end of the second telescopic hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the bottom surface of the first-level support and the output end of the second telescopic hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the bottom surface of the second-level support.

[0010] As a further improvement to the above solution, the surfaces of the primary and secondary support are micro-arc structures, and their interiors are filled with elastic cushioning material to form a cushioning layer. The edges of the primary and secondary support are provided with anti-slip serrations.

[0011] As a further improvement to the above solution, the linkage assembly includes a first bidirectional screw rotatably connected inside the storage hole along the width direction and a limiting rod fixed inside the storage hole along the width direction. The first bidirectional screw is located on the side of the limiting rod near the opening of the storage hole. Each of the two side plates has a threaded hole for connecting the first bidirectional screw and a limiting hole for connecting the limiting rod on opposite sides. The two ends of the first bidirectional screw extend into the threaded holes on the two side plates and are screwed therein. The two ends of the limiting rod are slidably inserted into the limiting holes on the two side plates. A linkage gear is sleeved in the middle position of the first bidirectional screw. The bottom surface of the three-stage support has multiple tooth grooves that mesh with the linkage gear.

[0012] As a further improvement to the above solution, the top surface of the third-level support is provided with a connecting groove, which is located on the side of the storage groove away from the second-level support. The inner wall of the connecting groove away from the storage groove is provided with an installation groove along its length. The transmission assembly includes two second bidirectional screws rotatably connected inside the storage groove along its length. The two oppositely threaded portions of the outer sides of the second bidirectional screws are threaded with threaded sleeves. The top of each of the two threaded sleeves is hinged with a second connecting rod. The other ends of the two second connecting rods are hinged to the bottom surface of the top plate. One end of each of the two second bidirectional screws extends into the connecting groove. The transmission assembly also includes a driving component installed in the connecting groove for driving the two second bidirectional screws to rotate simultaneously.

[0013] As a further improvement to the above solution, the driving component includes two transmission racks movably mounted in the mounting groove via elastic elements, two first connecting rods respectively hinged to the outer wall of the two transmission racks near the receiving groove, a connecting plate hinged to the other end of the two first connecting rods, and a fixing rod movably sleeved on the connecting plate. The fixing rod is arranged along the length direction of the receiving hole, and one end of the fixing rod movably penetrates the secondary support and is fixed to the inner wall of the receiving hole away from the opening. The other end of the fixing rod is fixed with a limit block to prevent the fixing rod from falling off the connecting plate. The two second bidirectional screws are arranged in a mirror image, and one end of each of the two second bidirectional screws extends into the mounting groove and is fixed with a transmission gear. The two transmission gears mesh with the two transmission racks respectively.

[0014] As a further improvement to the above solution, the elastic element is provided in two sets, and the two sets of elastic elements are respectively installed at the ends of the two transmission racks that are far apart from each other. Each end of the two transmission racks that is far apart from each other is provided with a insertion hole along its length direction. The elastic element includes a sleeve rod arranged along the length direction of the transmission rack and a spring movably sleeved on the outer periphery of the sleeve rod. One end of the sleeve rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the short side of the mounting groove, and the other end of the sleeve rod is movably inserted into the insertion hole. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to one end of the transmission rack, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting groove.

[0015] As a further improvement to the above solution, the sleeve is a regular polygonal prism, and the inner ring of the insertion hole matches the outer circumference of the sleeve.

[0016] A method for using a temporary support extension structure for a TBM, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1. Retraction and movement stage: By driving the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder and the second telescopic hydraulic cylinder, the first-level support rotates and retracts relative to the protective shield, and the second-level support slides and retracts relative to the first-level support. The side plates retract into the storage holes, and the top plate is stored into the storage groove until the support structure is in the retracted state of minimum length. At this time, the total volume of the support structure is one-third of the unfolded state. S2, Deployment Support Stage: By driving the first and second telescopic hydraulic cylinders, the first-level support rotates and extends relative to the protective shield, and the second-level support slides and extends relative to the first-level support. The side plates gradually extend to both sides of the first-level support. After the top plate moves to the outside of the receiving hole, it is gradually lifted as the third-level support continues to move until the top surface of the top plate is flush with the top surface of the first-level support. After reaching the predetermined support position, the piston positions of the first and second telescopic hydraulic cylinders are locked by hydraulic locks. At the same time, the bolt group is tightened to fix the arm connection, forming a stable temporary support surface. S3. Cyclic Operation Phase: After the permanent support is completed, continue to contract according to step S1. At the same time, release the protective shield and move it to the next support position. Repeat steps S1-S2 to perform cyclic operation.

[0017] As a further improvement to the above solution, the process of supporting the roadway with the temporary support extension structure includes the following steps: S1: After the temporary support extension structure in the retracted state moves to the predetermined position, the hydraulic cylinder of the column under the protective shield extends a preset distance under hydraulic drive, driving the protective shield and the extension structure to be precisely positioned at the support position. S2: The first and second telescopic hydraulic cylinders drive the first and second level support to extend in sequence, so that the temporary support extension structure switches to the deployed state. S3: The first and second telescopic hydraulic cylinders continue to extend under hydraulic drive until the primary and secondary supports of the extended structure are in complete contact with the roadway roof, forming stable support. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Flexible and adjustable support range with strong adaptability: This invention achieves flexible adjustment of the support range by driving the first-level support to rotate with the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder and driving the second-level and third-level support to slide with the second telescopic hydraulic cylinder. When unfolded, it can form a large-area support surface, and when contracted, its volume is only one-third of the unfolded state. It can flexibly pass through narrow spaces and is suitable for tunnels with different cross-sectional dimensions and complex geological conditions, solving the problems of limited support range and poor adaptability of traditional support.

[0018] 2. Side plates and linkage components are installed. The side plates extend and retract with the movement of the third-level support structure. After the side plates extend, they can cover the gaps between the first-level support structures in adjacent temporary support structures, thereby improving the protective effect. At the same time, the cooperation between the top cover and the transmission components allows the top plate to gradually rise upward as the third-level support structure continues to move after it moves to the outside of the storage hole, until the top surface of the top plate is flush with the top surface of the first-level support structure. This compensates for the height difference between the top surface of the third-level support structure and the top surfaces of the first-level and second-level support structures, further enhancing the protective effect.

[0019] 3. High support stability and good safety performance: The primary and secondary support structures adopt a micro-arc structure, which has good compatibility with the roadway roof and a large contact area. The interior is filled with elastic buffer material to absorb the impact of rock strata. The edges are equipped with anti-slip serrations to enhance the friction with the rock strata. At the same time, the stability of the support structure is ensured by double fixing through hydraulic locks and bolt groups. In addition, the protective shield can move forward synchronously with the tunneling head to provide effective protection for workers and equipment and reduce safety risks.

[0020] 4. High space utilization and no impact on collaborative operations: The invention has a compact structure and a small volume after shrinking, occupying little roadway space and will not interfere with the normal operation of other equipment such as permanent support anchor drilling rigs. It can realize the collaborative operation of tunneling, support, permanent support and other processes, and greatly improve the efficiency of roadway tunneling. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of the structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a side view of the temporary support extension structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the temporary support extension structure of the present invention during contraction; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the temporary support extension structure of the present invention after it has been fully extended. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the storage hole; Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the linkage component; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the mounting slot; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting mechanism.

[0022] Explanation of key symbols: 1. Tunneling cutterhead; 2. Protective shield; 3. Main beam; 4. Temporary support extension structure; 4-1. First telescopic hydraulic cylinder; 4-2. Primary support; 4-3. Second telescopic hydraulic cylinder; 4-4. Secondary support; 4-5. Tertiary support; 5. Side plate; 6. Top plate; 7. Limiting rod; 8. Fixing rod; 9. First bidirectional screw; 10. Limiting block; 11. Linkage gear; 12. Buffer groove; 13. First connecting rod; 14. Connecting plate; 15. Transmission gear; 16. Mounting groove; 17. Connecting groove; 18. Second bidirectional screw; 19. Sleeve; 20. Transmission rack; 21. Sleeve rod; 22. Storage groove; 23. Storage hole; 24. Second connecting rod. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.

[0024] Example 1: Please combine Figure 1 - Figure 5 This embodiment of a TBM temporary support extension structure includes a tunneling cutterhead 1, a protective shield 2, and a main beam 3 installed on the back of the protective shield 2. The protective shield 2 is located on the back of the tunneling cutterhead 1 and is fixedly connected to the tunneling cutterhead 1. The protective shield 2 moves forward synchronously with the tunneling cutterhead 1 to provide basic support for the subsequent support structure.

[0025] Multiple temporary support extension structures 4 are installed on the side of the protective shield 2 away from the cutterhead 1. Each temporary support extension structure 4 includes a primary support 4-2, a secondary support 4-4, and a tertiary support 4-5 fixed to one end of the secondary support 4-4. One end of the primary support 4-2 is hinged to the side of the protective shield 2 away from the cutterhead 1, and a first telescopic component for driving the primary support 4-2 to rotate is installed on the protective shield 2. A receiving hole 23 is provided inside the primary support 4-2. The end of the tertiary support 4-5 away from the secondary support 4-4 is inserted into and slidably connected to the receiving hole 23, allowing it to reciprocate along the extension direction of the primary support 4-2. In use, the primary support 4-2 and the secondary support 4-4 move along the direction away from the main beam 3. Arranged sequentially to form a continuous support structure, the bottom surface of the primary support 4-2 is equipped with a second telescopic component for driving the secondary support 4-4 to move along the length of the primary support 4-2. The first telescopic component is a first telescopic hydraulic cylinder 4-1, and the fixed end of the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder 4-1 is hinged to the protective shield 2. The output end of the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder 4-1 is hinged to the bottom surface of the primary support 4-2. The second telescopic component is a second telescopic hydraulic cylinder 4-3, and the output end of the second telescopic hydraulic cylinder 4-3 is hinged to the bottom surface of the primary support 4-2 and the bottom surface of the secondary support 4-4. The first telescopic hydraulic cylinder 4-1 is mainly used to drive the primary support 4-2 to rotate relative to the protective shield 2.

[0026] The surfaces of the primary support 4-2 and the secondary support 4-4 have a slightly arc-shaped structure, which matches the arc-shaped contour of the roadway roof, increasing the support contact area. The interior is filled with elastic buffer material to form a buffer layer between the rock strata and the support, which can effectively absorb the impact force generated by the deformation of the rock strata. The edges of the primary support 4-2 and the secondary support 4-4 are provided with anti-slip serrations, which can enhance the friction between the primary support 4-2, the secondary support 4-4 and the tertiary support 4-5 and the rock strata, and improve the stability of the support.

[0027] Example 2: Combination Figure 3 and Figure 6-9This embodiment, based on embodiment 1, further improves upon the following: Both long sides of the primary support 4-2 are provided with storage slots communicating with the storage holes 23, and side plates 5 are movably installed in both storage slots. A linkage component is installed in the storage hole 23, and the linkage component is connected to the tertiary support 4-5 for transmission. When the tertiary support 4-5 extends out of the storage hole 23, it drives both side plates 5 to extend simultaneously out of the storage slots; when the tertiary support 4-5 retracts into the storage hole 23, it drives both side plates 5 to retract simultaneously into the storage slots. The linkage component includes a first bidirectional screw 9 rotatably connected inside the storage hole 23 along its width direction and a limiting rod 7 fixed inside the storage hole 23 along its width direction. The first bidirectional screw 9 is located within the limiting rod. On the side near the opening of the receiving hole 23, the two side plates 5 are provided with threaded holes for connecting the first bidirectional screw 9 and limiting holes for connecting the limiting rod 7. The two ends of the first bidirectional screw 9 extend into the threaded holes on the two side plates 5 and are screwed to them. The two ends of the limiting rod 7 are slidably inserted into the limiting holes on the two side plates 5. A linkage gear 11 is sleeved in the middle of the first bidirectional screw 9. The bottom surface of the third-stage support 4-5 is provided with multiple tooth grooves that mesh with the linkage gear 11. When the second telescopic hydraulic cylinder 4-3 drives the second-stage support 4-4 to slide the third-stage support 4-5 outward along the receiving hole 23, the tooth grooves on the bottom surface of the third-stage support 4-5 mesh with the linkage gear 11 to drive the first bidirectional screw 9 to rotate. Because the threads at both ends of the first bidirectional screw 9 are in opposite directions, and the side plate 5 is screwed to the first bidirectional screw 9 through a threaded hole and slidably engaged with the limiting rod 7 through a limiting hole, the limiting rod 7 restricts the rotational freedom of the side plate 5. This causes the two side plates 5 to move away from each other along the length of the limiting rod 7 under the rotation of the first bidirectional screw 9, and extend outward from the storage tank synchronously until they connect with the side plate 5 of the adjacent temporary support extension structure, thereby sealing the gap between the adjacent primary support 4-2. Conversely, when the tertiary support 4-5 retracts into the storage hole 23, the tooth groove drives the linkage gear 11 in the opposite direction to reverse the first bidirectional screw 9, and the two side plates 5 move closer to each other and retract synchronously into the storage tank, avoiding the occupation of extra space.

[0028] The top of the third-level support 4-5 has a storage groove 22. A top plate 6 and a transmission assembly for driving the top plate 6 to rise and fall are installed within the storage groove 22. The transmission assembly cooperates with the third-level support 4-5 to drive the top plate 6 to rise until it is level with the height of the first-level support 4-2 as the storage groove 22 extends beyond the storage hole 23. Before the storage groove 22 retracts into the storage hole 23, the top plate 6 is driven to retract into the storage groove 22. A connecting groove 17 is provided on the top surface of the third-level support 4-5. The connecting groove 17 is located on the side of the storage groove 22 away from the second-level support 4-4, connecting... The inner wall of the groove 17 away from the storage groove 22 has an installation groove 16 arranged along its length. The transmission assembly includes two second bidirectional screws 18 rotatably connected inside the storage groove 22 along its length. The two oppositely threaded portions of the outer sides of the second bidirectional screws 18 are threaded with screw sleeves 19. The tops of the two screw sleeves 19 are hinged to the second connecting rods 24. The other ends of the two second connecting rods 24 are hinged to the bottom surface of the top plate 6. One end of each of the two second bidirectional screws 18 extends into the connecting groove 17. The transmission assembly also includes a device installed in the connecting groove 17 for driving the two second bidirectional screws. 18. A driving component that rotates simultaneously includes two transmission racks 20 movably mounted in the mounting groove 16 via elastic members, two first connecting rods 13 respectively hinged to the outer wall of the two transmission racks 20 near the receiving groove 22, a connecting plate 14 hinged to the other end of the two first connecting rods 13, and a fixing rod 8 movably sleeved on the connecting plate 14. The fixing rod 8 is arranged along the length direction of the receiving hole 22, and one end of the fixing rod 8 movably passes through the secondary support 4-2 and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the receiving hole 22 away from the opening. The other end of the fixing rod 8 is fixed with a limit block 10 to prevent the fixing rod from rotating out of the connecting plate 16. The two second bidirectional screws 18 are detached from the connecting plate 14 and are arranged in a mirror image. When the two second bidirectional screws 18 rotate in different directions, the two threaded sleeves 19 on the outer periphery of the two second bidirectional screws 18 can move in the same direction, thereby driving the top plate 6 to rise or fall. One end of each of the two second bidirectional screws 18 extends into the mounting groove 16 and is fixed with a transmission gear 15. The two transmission gears 15 mesh with two transmission racks 20 respectively. The movement of the transmission racks 20 drives the transmission gears 15 to rotate, thereby driving the bidirectional screws 18 to rotate, so as to complete the raising and lowering of the top plate 6.

[0029] Two sets of elastic elements are provided, and the two sets of elastic elements are respectively installed at the ends of the two transmission racks 20 that are far apart from each other. Each end of the two transmission racks 20 that is far apart from each other has a insertion hole along its length. The elastic element includes a sleeve rod 21 arranged along the length of the transmission rack 20 and a spring movably sleeved on the outer periphery of the sleeve rod 21. One end of the sleeve rod 21 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the short side of the mounting groove 16, and the other end of the sleeve rod 21 is movably inserted into the insertion hole. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to one end of the transmission rack 20, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting groove 16. When the third-level support 4-5 slides outward along the receiving hole 23, the connecting plate 14 moves synchronously relative to the fixed rod 8. Since the position of the fixed rod 8 is fixed, after the limit block 10 abuts against the connecting plate 14, when the third-level support 4-5 continues to extend outward from the receiving hole 23, it will press the connecting plate 14 to move towards the side closer to the mounting groove 16. During the movement of the connecting plate 14, it is driven by the first connecting rod 13. When the two transmission racks 20 move away from each other along the sleeve rod 21, the spring is compressed. When the transmission racks 20 move, they mesh with the transmission gear 15, driving the two second double-direction screws 18 to rotate synchronously. Since the threads at both ends of the second double-direction screws 18 are opposite, the screw sleeves 19 approach each other under the action of the threads. Through the second connecting rod 24, the top plate 6 is pushed upward until the top surface of the top plate 6 is flush with the top surface of the first-level support 4-2, making up for the height difference between the third-level support 4-5 and the first-level support 4-2 and the second-level support 4-4, forming a complete top support surface. Conversely, when the third-level support 4-5 retracts into the receiving hole 23, the connecting plate 14 moves in the opposite direction, the spring of the elastic element returns to its original position, pushing the two transmission racks 20 closer to each other, driving the second double-direction screws 18 to reverse, the screw sleeves 19 move away from each other, and the second connecting rod 24 pulls the top plate 6 downward to retract into the receiving groove 22, ensuring that the third-level support 4-5 can be smoothly retracted into the receiving hole 23.

[0030] In this embodiment, the sleeve 21 is a regular polygonal prism, and the inner ring of the insertion hole matches the outer circumference of the sleeve 21, which can prevent the transmission rack 20 from rotating during movement.

[0031] In this embodiment, a buffer groove 12 is provided at the bottom of the storage hole 23, located directly below the linkage gear 11. The buffer groove 12 can be used to store the lower half of the linkage gear 11, thereby further reducing the space occupied by the linkage gear 11 in the storage hole 23.

[0032] Example 3: Combination Figure 1-9 This embodiment, based on Embodiments 1 and 2, further improves upon the following: a method for using a TBM temporary support extension structure, specifically including the following operational procedures: Contraction and movement phase: The first telescopic hydraulic cylinder 4-1 and the second telescopic hydraulic cylinder 4-3 are controlled by the hydraulic system to retract, so that the first-level support 4-2 rotates and retracts relative to the protective shield 2, and the second-level support 4-4 slides and retracts relative to the first-level support 4-2. The side plate 5 retracts into the storage hole 22, and the top plate 6 is stored into the storage groove 23 until the support structure is in the retracted state of minimum length. At this time, the total volume of the support structure is about one-third of the unfolded state, which makes it easy for the TBM to drive the support structure to move in the narrow roadway.

[0033] Positioning phase: After the retracted temporary support extension structure moves to the predetermined support position with the TBM, the hydraulic cylinder of the column below the protective shield 2 is activated. Under hydraulic drive, the hydraulic cylinder of the column extends a preset distance, driving the protective shield 2 and the extension structure to be precisely positioned to the support position, ensuring the accuracy of the support position.

[0034] Deployment of support structure: By extending the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder 4-1, the primary support 4-2 rotates relative to the protective shield 2 to an angle compatible with the tunnel roof. Then, the second telescopic hydraulic cylinder 4-3 extends, causing the secondary and tertiary support 4-4 and 4-5 to slide relative to the primary support 4-2 to a predetermined position, forming a continuous support surface between the primary and secondary support 4-2 and 4-4. Simultaneously, the movement of the tertiary support 4-5 activates the linkage mechanism, causing the two side plates to extend outwards. The roof 6 follows the movement of the tertiary support... After the third-level support 4-5 moves to the outside of the receiving hole 23, it is gradually lifted as the third-level support 4-5 continues to move until the top surface of the top plate 6 is flush with the top surface of the first-level support 4-2. After reaching the predetermined support position, the piston positions of the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder 4-1 and the second telescopic hydraulic cylinder 4-3 are locked by hydraulic locks to prevent the hydraulic cylinders from extending or retracting unexpectedly. At the same time, the bolt group is tightened to fix the connection between the first-level support 4-2 and the protective shield 2, and the connection between the second-level support 4-4 and the first-level support 4-2, further enhancing the stability of the support structure.

[0035] Support tunnel stage: Continue to drive the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder 4-1 and the second telescopic hydraulic cylinder 4-3 to extend until the first-level support 4-2, the second-level support 4-4 and the roof 6 are in complete contact with the roadway roof and generate the preset support force. The side plate 5 seals the gap between the adjacent first-level support 4-2, and the temporary support for the fully mechanized tunnel is realized, which effectively prevents roof debris and roadway deformation.

[0036] Cyclic operation phase: Under the protection of temporary supports, workers carry out permanent support operations such as shotcreting and installing steel arch frames. After completing the permanent support of the current area, the bolt group is loosened, the hydraulic lock is released, and the second telescopic hydraulic cylinder 4-3 is controlled to retract first, driving the secondary support 4-4 to move to the initial position. During this process, the top plate 6 is also retracted into the placement slot 22 under the drive of the transmission component before being stored into the storage hole. The side plate 5 is also gradually retracted into the storage hole 23 as the third support 4-5 moves into the storage hole 23. Then, the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder 4-1 is controlled to retract, driving the first-level support 4-2 to rotate to the initial position, so that the support structure returns to the retracted state. Subsequently, the protective shield 2 is released, and the TBM drives the support structure to move to the next support position. The above steps are repeated for cyclical operation.

[0037] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A temporary support extension structure for a TBM, comprising a tunneling cutterhead, a protective shield, and a main beam mounted on the back of the protective shield, wherein the protective shield is located on the back of the tunneling cutterhead and fixedly connected to it, characterized in that, Multiple temporary support extension structures are installed on the side of the protective shield away from the tunneling cutterhead; The temporary support extension structure includes a primary support, a secondary support, and a tertiary support fixed to one end of the secondary support. One end of the primary support is hinged to the side of the protective shield away from the cutterhead, and a first telescopic component for driving the primary support to rotate is installed on the protective shield. A storage hole is opened inside the primary support, and the end of the tertiary support away from the secondary support is inserted into the storage hole and slidably connected to it. A second telescopic component for driving the secondary support to move along the length direction of the primary support is installed on the bottom surface of the primary support. The first-level support has storage slots on both long sides that communicate with the storage holes, and side plates are movably installed in both storage slots. A linkage component is installed in the storage hole, and the linkage component is connected to the third-level support in a transmission manner, so that when the third-level support extends out of the storage hole, it drives the two side plates to extend out of the storage slots at the same time, and when the third-level support retracts into the storage hole, it drives the two side plates to retract into the storage slots at the same time. The top of the three-level support is provided with a storage slot, in which a top plate and a transmission component for driving the top plate to rise and fall are installed. The transmission component cooperates with the three-level support to drive the top plate to rise until it is level with the height of the first-level support when the storage slot extends out of the storage hole along with the three-level support. Before the storage slot retracts into the storage hole, the top plate is driven to retract into the storage slot.

2. The TBM temporary support extension structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first telescopic component is a first telescopic hydraulic cylinder, and the fixed end of the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the protective shield, and the output end of the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the bottom surface of the first-level support. The second telescopic component is a second telescopic hydraulic cylinder, and the output end of the second telescopic hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the bottom surface of the first-level support and the output end of the second telescopic hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the bottom surface of the second-level support.

3. The TBM temporary support extension structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surfaces of the primary and secondary protective layers are micro-arc-shaped, and their interiors are filled with elastic cushioning material to form a cushioning layer. The edges of the primary and secondary protective layers are provided with anti-slip serrations.

4. The TBM temporary support extension structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linkage assembly includes a first bidirectional screw rotatably connected inside the storage hole along the width direction and a limiting rod fixed inside the storage hole along the width direction. The first bidirectional screw is located on the side of the limiting rod near the opening of the storage hole. Each of the two side plates has a threaded hole for connecting the first bidirectional screw and a limiting hole for connecting the limiting rod on opposite sides. The two ends of the first bidirectional screw extend into the threaded holes on the two side plates and are screwed to them. The two ends of the limiting rod are slidably inserted into the limiting holes on the two side plates. A linkage gear is sleeved in the middle of the first bidirectional screw. The bottom surface of the three-stage support has multiple tooth grooves that mesh with the linkage gear.

5. A temporary support extension structure for a TBM according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top surface of the third-level support is provided with a connecting groove, which is located on the side of the storage groove away from the second-level support. The inner wall of the connecting groove away from the storage groove is provided with an installation groove along its length. The transmission assembly includes two second bidirectional screws rotatably connected inside the storage groove along its length. The two oppositely threaded portions of the outer sides of the second bidirectional screws are threaded with threaded sleeves. The top of each of the two threaded sleeves is hinged with a second connecting rod. The other end of each of the two second connecting rods is hinged to the bottom surface of the top plate. One end of each of the two second bidirectional screws extends into the connecting groove. The transmission assembly also includes a driving component installed in the connecting groove for driving the two second bidirectional screws to rotate simultaneously.

6. The TBM temporary support extension structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The driving component includes two transmission racks movably mounted in the mounting groove via elastic elements, two first connecting rods respectively hinged to the outer wall of the two transmission racks near the receiving groove, a connecting plate hinged to the other end of the two first connecting rods, and a fixing rod movably sleeved on the connecting plate. The fixing rod is arranged along the length direction of the receiving hole, and one end of the fixing rod movably penetrates the secondary support and is fixed to the inner wall of the receiving hole away from the opening. The other end of the fixing rod is fixed with a limit block to prevent the fixing rod from falling off the connecting plate. Two second bidirectional screws are arranged in a mirror image, and one end of each of the two second bidirectional screws extends into the mounting groove and is fixed with a transmission gear. The two transmission gears mesh with the two transmission racks respectively.

7. A temporary support extension structure for a TBM according to claim 6, characterized in that, The elastic element is provided in two sets, and the two sets of elastic elements are respectively installed at the ends of the two transmission racks that are far apart from each other. Each end of the two transmission racks that is far apart from each other has an insertion hole along its length direction. The elastic element includes a sleeve rod arranged along the length direction of the transmission rack and a spring movably sleeved on the outer periphery of the sleeve rod. One end of the sleeve rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the short side of the mounting groove, and the other end of the sleeve rod is movably inserted into the insertion hole. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to one end of the transmission rack, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting groove.

8. A temporary support extension structure for a TBM according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sleeve is a regular polygonal prism, and the inner ring of the insertion hole matches the outer circumference of the sleeve.

9. A method of using a TBM temporary support extension structure according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Retraction and movement stage: By driving the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder and the second telescopic hydraulic cylinder, the first-level support rotates and retracts relative to the protective shield, and the second-level support slides and retracts relative to the first-level support. The side plates retract into the storage holes, and the top plate is stored into the storage groove until the support structure is in the retracted state of minimum length. At this time, the total volume of the support structure is one-third of the unfolded state. S2, Deployment Support Stage: By driving the first and second telescopic hydraulic cylinders, the first-level support rotates and extends relative to the protective shield, and the second-level support slides and extends relative to the first-level support. The side plates gradually extend to both sides of the first-level support. After the top plate moves to the outside of the receiving hole, it is gradually lifted as the third-level support continues to move until the top surface of the top plate is flush with the top surface of the first-level support. After reaching the predetermined support position, the piston positions of the first and second telescopic hydraulic cylinders are locked by hydraulic locks. At the same time, the bolt group is tightened to fix the arm connection, forming a stable temporary support surface. S3, Cyclic Operation Phase: After the permanent support is completed, continue to shrink according to step S1, while releasing the protective shield and moving it to the next support position. Repeat steps S1-S2 to perform cyclic operation.

10. The method of using a TBM temporary support extension structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, The process of supporting the roadway with the temporary support extension structure includes the following steps: S1: After the temporary support extension structure in the retracted state moves to the predetermined position, the hydraulic cylinder of the column under the protective shield extends a preset distance under hydraulic drive, driving the protective shield and the extension structure to be precisely positioned at the support position. S2: The first and second telescopic hydraulic cylinders drive the first and second level support to extend in sequence, so that the temporary support extension structure switches to the deployed state. S3: The first and second telescopic hydraulic cylinders continue to extend under hydraulic drive until the primary and secondary supports of the extended structure are in complete contact with the roadway roof, forming a stable support.

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