Main influencing factor analysis method, device and equipment and computer program product

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of seismic data acquisition, and particularly relates to a main influencing factor analysis method, device, equipment and computer program product. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring typical seismic data of a work area and related parameters influencing the quality of seismic data; linking the related parameters with shot point positions corresponding to the typical seismic data; determining quality evaluation information of the typical seismic data corresponding to a selected analysis time window; and determining main influencing factors of image seismic data quality based on the quality evaluation information and the related parameters linked with the typical seismic data corresponding to the analysis time window.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of seismic data acquisition technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, equipment, and computer program product for analyzing main influencing factors. Background Technology

[0002] Many factors influence the quality of seismic acquisition data, primarily including environmental factors, surface factors, subsurface structural factors, and acquisition methods and instruments. Currently, the work mainly relies on due diligence, field experiments, and prior research. This approach requires significant human and material resources; however, it lacks the integration of quantitative analysis of seismic data quality with multi-dimensional information from the surface and subsurface, making it difficult to identify the key factors affecting seismic acquisition data quality. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This disclosure provides a method, apparatus, equipment, and computer program product for analyzing major influencing factors, which can determine the main influencing factors affecting the quality of seismic acquisition data.

[0004] Firstly, this disclosure provides a method for analyzing main influencing factors, including:

[0005] Acquire typical seismic data of the work area and relevant parameters affecting the quality of seismic data;

[0006] Link the relevant parameters with the shot point locations corresponding to the typical seismic data;

[0007] Determine the quality evaluation information of typical seismic data corresponding to the selected analysis window;

[0008] Based on the quality evaluation information and the relevant parameters linked to the typical seismic data corresponding to the analysis window, the main influencing factors of image seismic data quality are determined.

[0009] In some embodiments, acquiring typical seismic data for the work area includes:

[0010] Obtain the original seismic data of the work area;

[0011] The original seismic data is sampled to obtain the typical seismic data, which reflects the quality of the seismic data.

[0012] In some embodiments, the relevant parameters include: a map, and linking the relevant parameters with the shot point locations corresponding to the typical seismic data includes:

[0013] Determine the position information of the elements in the drawing;

[0014] The elements in the map are linked to the shot locations corresponding to the typical seismic data based on geodetic coordinates.

[0015] In some embodiments, determining the position information of elements in the drawing includes:

[0016] The map is vectorized, and the positional information of the elements in the map is determined using at least three geodetic coordinates.

[0017] In some embodiments, the analysis window includes at least the seismic reflection of the target layer, and the analysis window is longer than one seismic wave period.

[0018] In some embodiments, the typical seismic data includes: typical single-shot data, profile data, and SPS files. The relevant parameters include at least one of: excitation well depth, excitation charge, detector type, detector combination method, observation system parameters, surface elevation map, interference source distribution map, low-velocity layer velocity distribution map, deceleration layer velocity distribution map, high-velocity layer velocity distribution map, low-deceleration zone thickness distribution map, and major stratigraphic structure map. The quality evaluation information includes: dominant seismic frequency, effective bandwidth, and signal-to-noise ratio.

[0019] In some embodiments, determining the main influencing factors of image seismic data quality based on the quality evaluation information and relevant parameters linked to typical seismic data corresponding to the analysis window includes:

[0020] Statistical analysis is performed based on the quality evaluation information and the relevant parameters linked to the typical seismic data corresponding to the analysis time window to obtain the analysis results.

[0021] Based on the analysis results, the relevant parameters are sorted to obtain the sorting results;

[0022] The main influencing factors are determined based on the ranking results.

[0023] Secondly, this disclosure provides a main influencing factor analysis device, including:

[0024] The acquisition module is used to acquire typical seismic data of the work area and relevant parameters that affect the quality of seismic data;

[0025] The linkage module is used to link the relevant parameters with the shot point locations corresponding to the typical seismic data;

[0026] The determination module is used to determine the quality evaluation information of typical seismic data corresponding to the selected analysis time window;

[0027] The analysis module is used to determine the main influencing factors of image seismic data quality based on the quality evaluation information and relevant parameters linked to typical seismic data corresponding to the analysis time window.

[0028] Thirdly, this disclosure provides a computer device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method described in the foregoing aspects.

[0029] Fourthly, this disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the methods described in the above aspects.

[0030] Fifthly, this disclosure provides a computer program product, including a computer program / instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the methods described in the foregoing aspects.

[0031] This disclosure provides a method for analyzing major influencing factors. This method involves acquiring typical seismic data from a work area and relevant parameters affecting the quality of seismic data; linking these relevant parameters with the shot locations corresponding to the typical seismic data; determining the quality evaluation information of the typical seismic data corresponding to the selected analysis window; and identifying the main influencing factors affecting the quality of image seismic data based on the quality evaluation information and the relevant parameters linked to the typical seismic data corresponding to the analysis window. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The present disclosure will be described in more detail below based on embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for analyzing main influencing factors provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0034] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the implementation process of a main influencing factor analysis method provided in this application embodiment;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a main influencing factor analysis device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0036] In the accompanying drawings, the same parts are referred to by the same reference numerals, and the drawings are not drawn to scale. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this disclosure, and to fully understand and implement the process of how this disclosure applies technical means to solve technical problems and achieve corresponding technical effects, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, not all embodiments. The embodiments of this disclosure and the various features within them can be combined with each other without conflict, and the resulting technical solutions are all within the protection scope of this disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this disclosure without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0038] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this disclosure are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this disclosure described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0039] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for analyzing main influencing factors provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 1 As shown, the main influencing factor analysis methods include:

[0042] Step S101: Obtain typical seismic data of the work area and relevant parameters affecting the quality of seismic data.

[0043] In this embodiment, the typical seismic data is a dataset selected from a large amount of raw seismic data in the work area, representing the seismic characteristics of the work area. This data is typically representative, complete, and accurate, reflecting the main information of the seismic exploration.

[0044] In this embodiment, seismic data processing software is used to filter, denoise, and overlay the raw seismic data. Then, the raw seismic data is sampled to obtain typical seismic data, which reflects the quality of the seismic data. Typical seismic data may include typical single-shot data, profile data, and SPS (Seismic Position System File) files. Single-shot data is the seismic wave data recorded by a seismograph after each firing (or "shot") in seismic exploration. This data typically includes information on various types of seismic waves, such as direct waves, reflected waves, and refracted waves. Single-shot data usually contains key information such as time, amplitude, and phase, which forms the basis for subsequent seismic data processing and interpretation. By analyzing single-shot data, the structure and properties of the subsurface medium, as well as the propagation patterns of seismic waves, can be understood. In seismic exploration, single-shot data is the most direct and original source of subsurface information. Profile data is the projection data of seismic waves onto a two-dimensional plane obtained by overlaying or processing multiple single-shot data according to certain rules. This data is typically used to demonstrate the structure and properties of the subsurface medium in a specific direction. Seismic profile data typically includes characteristic information such as the amplitude, phase, and frequency of seismic waves, as well as geological information such as reflection interfaces, faults, and layered structures of the subsurface medium. SPS files are used in seismic exploration to record various parameters and location information during seismic acquisition. These parameters and location information include the location of the excitation point, the location of the geophone, the acquisition time, and the sampling rate. SPS files usually contain the location information of all excitation points and geophones during seismic acquisition, as well as parameters such as the acquisition time and sampling rate for each excitation point. This information forms the basis for subsequent seismic data processing and interpretation.

[0045] In this embodiment of the application, the relevant parameters affecting the quality of seismic data are various factors that affect the quality of seismic data. The relevant parameters include at least one of the following: excitation well depth, excitation charge, detector type, detector combination method, observation system parameters, surface elevation map, interference source distribution map, low-velocity layer velocity distribution map, deceleration layer velocity distribution map, high-velocity layer velocity distribution map, low-deceleration zone thickness distribution map, and major stratigraphic structure map.

[0046] In this embodiment of the application, these parameters can be obtained through geological surveys, seismic exploration design, field acquisition and recording, etc. For example, geological surveys can determine formation velocity, thickness, etc.; seismic exploration design can determine excitation well depth, charge, etc.; field acquisition and recording can record geophone type, surface conditions, etc.

[0047] Step S102: Link the relevant parameters with the shot point locations corresponding to the typical seismic data.

[0048] In this embodiment, "linkage" refers to mapping and associating relevant parameters with typical seismic data geographically. This allows each parameter to be linked to the seismic data at the shot point location, facilitating subsequent analysis.

[0049] In this embodiment of the application, the relevant parameters include: a map. The step of linking the relevant parameters with the shot point locations corresponding to the typical seismic data includes: determining the position information of elements in the map; and linking the elements in the map with the shot point locations corresponding to the typical seismic data based on geodetic coordinates.

[0050] In this embodiment of the application, in seismic exploration, maps typically refer to graphical representations of various geological, geophysical, or acquisition parameters related to seismic exploration, such as surface elevation maps, interference source distribution maps, and formation velocity distribution maps. These maps contain rich spatial information.

[0051] In this embodiment, a suitable geographic coordinate system (such as latitude and longitude coordinates, Cartesian coordinates, etc.) is selected to describe the location of elements in the map based on its content and purpose. By reading information such as labels, scale, and legend in the map and combining it with the coordinate system, the specific location information of each element in the map is extracted.

[0052] In this embodiment, geodetic coordinates are a globally unified geographic coordinate system, typically used to describe the location of any point on the Earth's surface. In seismic exploration, geodetic coordinates are commonly used to locate the shot point (shot point) and geophone location, as well as to describe the propagation path of seismic waves. Linking elements in a map with shot point locations corresponding to typical seismic data based on geodetic coordinates means matching and associating the spatial information of elements in the map with the positional information of shot points in the seismic data, so as to perform analysis and interpretation within a unified spatial framework.

[0053] In this embodiment, shot point location information, typically including latitude and longitude or Cartesian coordinates, can be extracted from seismic data. The extracted shot point location information is matched with the spatial information of elements in a map to find the corresponding location of each shot point on the map. Using a Geographic Information System (GIS) or seismic data processing software, the map and seismic data are visualized, allowing for a direct correspondence between shot point locations and spatial information in the map. The resulting linked display is usually a comprehensive view containing both seismic data and map information. This view helps seismic interpreters better understand the propagation paths of seismic waves, analyze the quality of seismic data, and identify potential geological anomalies.

[0054] In some embodiments, determining the position information of elements in the map includes: vectorizing the map and determining the position information of elements in the map using at least three geodetic coordinates.

[0055] Step S103: Determine the quality evaluation information of typical seismic data corresponding to the selected analysis window.

[0056] In this embodiment, the analysis window refers to a selected time range of seismic data used for quality evaluation. Quality evaluation information consists of indicators that quantify the quality of seismic data, such as dominant frequency, effective bandwidth, and signal-to-noise ratio.

[0057] In this application embodiment, the dominant frequency, in the fields of seismic exploration and acoustics, typically refers to the main frequency of signal oscillation, that is, the most important frequency component in a complex signal. It reflects the most significant and energetic frequency characteristic of the signal. In seismic exploration, the dominant frequency is also called the video frequency, and there are other parameters such as apparent wavelength and apparent velocity corresponding to the video frequency. The dominant frequency is usually determined through Fourier analysis, an important tool for converting time-domain signals into frequency-domain signals, which can reveal the frequency characteristics of the signal. The effective bandwidth, also known as the signal's frequency range, refers to the frequency range that the signal possesses. In seismic exploration, the effective bandwidth usually refers to the frequency range in which the signal energy is mainly concentrated. Most of the signal's energy is often contained in a narrow frequency band, which is the effective bandwidth. The effective bandwidth has a significant impact on the resolution and interpretation accuracy of seismic exploration data. A wider effective bandwidth means that the signal contains more frequency components, providing more information about subsurface structures, thereby improving the resolution and accuracy of the exploration. In seismic exploration, the signal-to-noise ratio directly affects the quality of the exploration data and the accuracy of its interpretation. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is usually expressed in decibels (dB) and is calculated as the logarithm of 10 times the signal power to the noise power. A high SNR means that the signal strength is much greater than the noise level, allowing for clearer signal identification and analysis. In seismic exploration, a high SNR can reduce noise interference, improve data resolution and accuracy, and make exploration results more accurate.

[0058] In this embodiment of the application, the analysis time window includes at least the seismic reflection of the target layer, and the analysis time window is greater than one seismic wave period.

[0059] In this embodiment, an appropriate analysis window can be selected in the seismic data processing software based on the research objective and the characteristics of the seismic data. Then, a quality evaluation algorithm or software module is used to calculate the quality evaluation information of the seismic data within that window.

[0060] Step S104: Based on the quality evaluation information and the relevant parameters linked to the typical seismic data corresponding to the analysis window, determine the main influencing factors of the image seismic data quality.

[0061] In this embodiment, the main influencing factor refers to the factor that has the greatest impact on the quality of seismic data. By analyzing the relationship between quality evaluation information and relevant parameters, it is possible to determine which factors have the most significant impact on the quality of seismic data. Statistical analysis, such as correlation analysis and regression analysis, is performed on the quality evaluation information and relevant parameters. Then, based on the statistical results, it is determined which parameters have a significant correlation with the quality evaluation information. Finally, based on the importance and degree of influence of these parameters, the main influencing factors are determined.

[0062] In some embodiments, step S104 can be implemented through the following steps: performing statistical analysis based on the quality evaluation information and related parameters linked to typical seismic data corresponding to the analysis window to obtain analysis results; sorting the related parameters based on the analysis results to obtain sorting results; and determining the main influencing factors based on the sorting results.

[0063] In this embodiment, based on the results of statistical analysis, the degree of influence of each parameter on the quality of seismic data can be calculated. This is typically measured using indicators such as correlation coefficient, regression coefficient, and variance contribution rate. Then, the relevant parameters are ranked according to the magnitude of their influence. The ranking results visually demonstrate which parameters have the most significant impact on the quality of seismic data. Based on the ranking results and analysis, the main influencing factors affecting the quality of seismic data can be identified. These factors may be single parameters or combinations of multiple parameters.

[0064] This disclosure provides a method for analyzing major influencing factors. This method involves acquiring typical seismic data from a work area and relevant parameters affecting the quality of seismic data; linking these relevant parameters with the shot locations corresponding to the typical seismic data; determining the quality evaluation information of the typical seismic data corresponding to the selected analysis window; and identifying the main influencing factors affecting the quality of image seismic data based on the quality evaluation information and the relevant parameters linked to the typical seismic data corresponding to the analysis window.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] Based on the above embodiments, this application further provides a method for analyzing main influencing factors. Through quantitative analysis of typical seismic data and fusion with multidimensional data, it establishes the relationship between seismic data quality and various subjective and objective factors, identifies the main factors affecting seismic data quality, forms a regular understanding, and guides seismic deployment, acquisition design demonstration, and field seismic production. Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for analyzing main influencing factors provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, it includes:

[0067] Step 1, Data Preparation (equivalent to typical seismic data), including typical single-shot data, profile data, and SPS files for the work area.

[0068] In this embodiment of the application, the original single-shot data and processed profile data can be sampled, and the variation pattern of seismic data quality can be reflected.

[0069] Step 2: Collect relevant parameters or maps that may affect the quality of seismic acquisition data, including excitation well depth, excitation charge, detector type, detector combination method, observation system parameters, surface elevation map, interference source distribution map, low-velocity layer velocity distribution map, deceleration layer velocity distribution map, high-velocity layer velocity distribution map, low-deceleration zone thickness distribution map, and main stratigraphic structure map, etc.

[0070] Step 3: Locate the relevant maps and link them with the shot locations using geodetic coordinates. In this embodiment, the collected relevant maps can be vectorized and located using three or more points.

[0071] Step 4: Select an analysis window to perform quantitative analysis on the seismic data, including the dominant seismic frequency, effective bandwidth, and signal-to-noise ratio.

[0072] In this embodiment of the application, the analysis window should include the seismic reflection of the main target layer and be greater than one wavelength range.

[0073] Step 5: Statistical analysis of the results, combined with relevant parameters or graphs, to determine the main influencing factors and rank them.

[0074] The method provided in this application can identify the main factors affecting the quality of seismic data, form a regular understanding, and take targeted countermeasures in the new round of seismic deployment, design demonstration and field production to improve the quality of seismic data.

[0075] Example 3

[0076] Based on the above embodiments, this application further provides a method for analyzing main influencing factors, including:

[0077] Step 1: Collect single-shot data, profile data, and SPS files for the work area, and sample the seismic data; Step 2: Collect relevant parameters or maps that may affect the quality of the seismic acquisition data; Step 3: Vectorize and locate the relevant maps, and link the relevant maps with the shot locations using geodetic coordinates; Step 4: Select an analysis window to perform quantitative analysis of the seismic data, including the dominant frequency, effective bandwidth, and signal-to-noise ratio; Step 5: Statistically analyze the results, combine them with relevant parameters or maps to determine the main influencing factors, and rank them.

[0078] Example 4

[0079] This application provides a device for analyzing main influencing factors. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a main influencing factor analysis device provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, it includes:

[0080] The acquisition module is used to acquire typical seismic data of the work area and relevant parameters that affect the quality of seismic data;

[0081] The linkage module is used to link the relevant parameters with the shot point locations corresponding to the typical seismic data;

[0082] The determination module is used to determine the quality evaluation information of typical seismic data corresponding to the selected analysis time window;

[0083] The analysis module is used to determine the main influencing factors of image seismic data quality based on the quality evaluation information and relevant parameters linked to typical seismic data corresponding to the analysis time window.

[0084] In this embodiment of the application, the typical seismic data is a dataset selected from a large amount of raw seismic data in the work area, representing the seismic characteristics of the work area. This data is typically representative, complete, and accurate, reflecting the main information of the seismic exploration.

[0085] In this embodiment, seismic data processing software is used to filter, denoise, and overlay the raw seismic data. Then, the raw seismic data is sampled to obtain typical seismic data, which reflects the quality of the seismic data. Typical seismic data may include typical single-shot data, profile data, and SPS (Seismic Position System File) files. Single-shot data is the seismic wave data recorded by a seismograph after each firing (or "shot") in seismic exploration. This data typically includes information on various types of seismic waves, such as direct waves, reflected waves, and refracted waves. Single-shot data usually contains key information such as time, amplitude, and phase, which forms the basis for subsequent seismic data processing and interpretation. By analyzing single-shot data, the structure and properties of the subsurface medium, as well as the propagation patterns of seismic waves, can be understood. In seismic exploration, single-shot data is the most direct and original source of subsurface information. Profile data is the projection data of seismic waves onto a two-dimensional plane obtained by overlaying or processing multiple single-shot data according to certain rules. This data is typically used to demonstrate the structure and properties of the subsurface medium in a specific direction. Seismic profile data typically includes characteristic information such as the amplitude, phase, and frequency of seismic waves, as well as geological information such as reflection interfaces, faults, and layered structures of the subsurface medium. SPS files are used in seismic exploration to record various parameters and location information during seismic acquisition. These parameters and location information include the location of the excitation point, the location of the geophone, the acquisition time, and the sampling rate. SPS files usually contain the location information of all excitation points and geophones during seismic acquisition, as well as parameters such as the acquisition time and sampling rate for each excitation point. This information forms the basis for subsequent seismic data processing and interpretation.

[0086] In this embodiment of the application, the relevant parameters affecting the quality of seismic data are various factors that affect the quality of seismic data. The relevant parameters include at least one of the following: excitation well depth, excitation charge, detector type, detector combination method, observation system parameters, surface elevation map, interference source distribution map, low-velocity layer velocity distribution map, deceleration layer velocity distribution map, high-velocity layer velocity distribution map, low-deceleration zone thickness distribution map, and major stratigraphic structure map.

[0087] In this embodiment of the application, these parameters can be obtained through geological surveys, seismic exploration design, field acquisition and recording, etc. For example, geological surveys can determine formation velocity, thickness, etc.; seismic exploration design can determine excitation well depth, charge, etc.; field acquisition and recording can record geophone type, surface conditions, etc.

[0088] In this embodiment, "linkage" refers to mapping and associating relevant parameters with typical seismic data geographically. This allows each parameter to be linked to the seismic data at the shot point location, facilitating subsequent analysis.

[0089] In this embodiment of the application, the relevant parameters include: a map. The step of linking the relevant parameters with the shot point locations corresponding to the typical seismic data includes: determining the position information of elements in the map; and linking the elements in the map with the shot point locations corresponding to the typical seismic data based on geodetic coordinates.

[0090] In this embodiment of the application, in seismic exploration, maps typically refer to graphical representations of various geological, geophysical, or acquisition parameters related to seismic exploration, such as surface elevation maps, interference source distribution maps, and formation velocity distribution maps. These maps contain rich spatial information.

[0091] In this embodiment, a suitable geographic coordinate system (such as latitude and longitude coordinates, Cartesian coordinates, etc.) is selected to describe the location of elements in the map based on its content and purpose. By reading information such as labels, scale, and legend in the map and combining it with the coordinate system, the specific location information of each element in the map is extracted.

[0092] In this embodiment, geodetic coordinates are a globally unified geographic coordinate system, typically used to describe the location of any point on the Earth's surface. In seismic exploration, geodetic coordinates are commonly used to locate the shot point (shot point) and geophone location, as well as to describe the propagation path of seismic waves. Linking elements in a map with shot point locations corresponding to typical seismic data based on geodetic coordinates means matching and associating the spatial information of elements in the map with the positional information of shot points in the seismic data, so as to perform analysis and interpretation within a unified spatial framework.

[0093] In this embodiment, shot point location information, typically including latitude and longitude or Cartesian coordinates, can be extracted from seismic data. The extracted shot point location information is matched with the spatial information of elements in a map to find the corresponding location of each shot point on the map. Using a Geographic Information System (GIS) or seismic data processing software, the map and seismic data are visualized, allowing for a direct correspondence between shot point locations and spatial information in the map. The resulting linked display is usually a comprehensive view containing both seismic data and map information. This view helps seismic interpreters better understand the propagation paths of seismic waves, analyze the quality of seismic data, and identify potential geological anomalies.

[0094] In some embodiments, determining the position information of elements in the map includes: vectorizing the map and determining the position information of elements in the map using at least three geodetic coordinates.

[0095] In this embodiment of the application, the analysis time window refers to a selected time range of seismic data used for quality evaluation. Quality evaluation information refers to indicators that quantify the quality of seismic data, such as dominant frequency, effective bandwidth, and signal-to-noise ratio.

[0096] In this application embodiment, the dominant frequency, in the fields of seismic exploration and acoustics, typically refers to the main frequency of signal oscillation, that is, the most important frequency component in a complex signal. It reflects the most significant and energetic frequency characteristic of the signal. In seismic exploration, the dominant frequency is also called the video frequency, and there are other parameters such as apparent wavelength and apparent velocity corresponding to the video frequency. The dominant frequency is usually determined through Fourier analysis, an important tool for converting time-domain signals into frequency-domain signals, which can reveal the frequency characteristics of the signal. The effective bandwidth, also known as the signal's frequency range, refers to the frequency range that the signal possesses. In seismic exploration, the effective bandwidth usually refers to the frequency range in which the signal energy is mainly concentrated. Most of the signal's energy is often contained in a narrow frequency band, which is the effective bandwidth. The effective bandwidth has a significant impact on the resolution and interpretation accuracy of seismic exploration data. A wider effective bandwidth means that the signal contains more frequency components, providing more information about subsurface structures, thereby improving the resolution and accuracy of the exploration. In seismic exploration, the signal-to-noise ratio directly affects the quality of the exploration data and the accuracy of its interpretation. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is usually expressed in decibels (dB) and is calculated as the logarithm of 10 times the signal power to the noise power. A high SNR means that the signal strength is much greater than the noise level, allowing for clearer signal identification and analysis. In seismic exploration, a high SNR can reduce noise interference, improve data resolution and accuracy, and make exploration results more accurate.

[0097] In this embodiment of the application, the analysis time window includes at least the seismic reflection of the target layer, and the analysis time window is greater than one seismic wave period.

[0098] In this embodiment, an appropriate analysis window can be selected in the seismic data processing software based on the research objective and the characteristics of the seismic data. Then, a quality evaluation algorithm or software module is used to calculate the quality evaluation information of the seismic data within that window.

[0099] In this embodiment, the main influencing factor refers to the factor that has the greatest impact on the quality of seismic data. By analyzing the relationship between quality evaluation information and relevant parameters, it is possible to determine which factors have the most significant impact on the quality of seismic data. Statistical analysis, such as correlation analysis and regression analysis, is performed on the quality evaluation information and relevant parameters. Then, based on the statistical results, it is determined which parameters have a significant correlation with the quality evaluation information. Finally, based on the importance and degree of influence of these parameters, the main influencing factors are determined.

[0100] In some embodiments, determining the main influencing factors of image seismic data quality based on the quality evaluation information and relevant parameters linked to typical seismic data corresponding to the analysis window can be achieved through the following steps: performing statistical analysis based on the quality evaluation information and relevant parameters linked to typical seismic data corresponding to the analysis window to obtain analysis results; sorting the relevant parameters based on the analysis results to obtain sorting results; and determining the main influencing factors based on the sorting results.

[0101] In this embodiment, based on the results of statistical analysis, the degree of influence of each parameter on the quality of seismic data can be calculated. This is typically measured using indicators such as correlation coefficient, regression coefficient, and variance contribution rate. Then, the relevant parameters are ranked according to the magnitude of their influence. The ranking results visually demonstrate which parameters have the most significant impact on the quality of seismic data. Based on the ranking results and analysis, the main influencing factors affecting the quality of seismic data can be identified. These factors may be single parameters or combinations of multiple parameters.

[0102] Example 5

[0103] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method described in the above embodiments.

[0104] In some embodiments of this example, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method described in the above embodiments.

[0105] In some embodiments of this example, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program / instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method described in the above embodiments.

[0106] The processor may include, but is not limited to, one or more processors or microprocessors. Each processor may be implemented as an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), Digital Signal Processor (DSP), Digital Signal Processing Device (DSPD), Programmable Logic Device (PLD), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or other electronic component, for executing the methods in the above embodiments.

[0107] Computer-readable storage media can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof. Computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, and computer storage media (e.g., hard disks, floppy disks, solid-state drives, removable disks, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, Blu-ray discs, etc.).

[0108] Computer-readable storage media may also store at least one computer-executable program / instruction, such as computer-readable instructions. Computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. Volatile memory may include, for example, random access memory (RAM) and / or cache memory. Computer-readable storage media may include, for example, read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc. For example, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may be connected to a computing device such as a computer, and then, when the computing device executes the computer-readable instructions stored on the computer-readable storage medium, the various methods described above can be performed.

[0109] In addition, the computer device may include (but is not limited to) a data bus, an input / output (I / O) bus, a display, and input / output devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, speakers, etc.).

[0110] The processor can communicate with external devices via the I / O bus through wired or wireless networks.

[0111] In one embodiment, the at least one computer-executable instruction may also be compiled into or comprise a software product / computer program product, wherein one or more computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor to perform the steps of the various functions and / or methods in the embodiments described herein.

[0112] In the embodiments provided in this disclosure, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can also be implemented in other ways. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of apparatus, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of this disclosure. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than those marked in the drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in a block diagram and / or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in block diagrams and / or flowcharts, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or action, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0113] It should be noted that, in this disclosure, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element limited by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0114] While the embodiments disclosed herein are as described above, the foregoing content is merely for the purpose of facilitating understanding of this disclosure and is not intended to limit this disclosure. Any person skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains may make any modifications and changes in form and detail of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure; however, the scope of patent protection of this disclosure shall still be determined by the scope defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for analyzing main influencing factors, characterized in that, include: Acquire typical seismic data of the work area and relevant parameters affecting the quality of seismic data; Link the relevant parameters with the shot point locations corresponding to the typical seismic data; Determine the quality evaluation information of typical seismic data corresponding to the selected analysis window; Based on the quality evaluation information and the relevant parameters linked to the typical seismic data corresponding to the analysis window, the main influencing factors of image seismic data quality are determined.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Obtain typical seismic data for the work area, including: Obtain the original seismic data of the work area; The original seismic data is sampled to obtain the typical seismic data, which reflects the quality of the seismic data.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The relevant parameters include: maps; the linkage between the relevant parameters and the shot point locations corresponding to the typical seismic data includes: Determine the position information of the elements in the drawing; The elements in the map are linked to the shot locations corresponding to the typical seismic data based on geodetic coordinates.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Determining the position information of elements in the drawing includes: The map is vectorized, and the positional information of the elements in the map is determined using at least three geodetic coordinates.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The analysis window includes at least the seismic reflection of the target layer, and the analysis window is longer than one seismic wave period.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The typical seismic data includes: typical single-shot data, profile data, and SPS files. The relevant parameters include at least one of the following: excitation well depth, excitation charge, detector type, detector combination method, observation system parameters, surface elevation map, interference source distribution map, low-velocity layer velocity distribution map, deceleration layer velocity distribution map, high-velocity layer velocity distribution map, low-deceleration zone thickness distribution map, and major stratigraphic structure map. The quality evaluation information includes: dominant seismic frequency, effective bandwidth, and signal-to-noise ratio.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the main influencing factors of image seismic data quality based on the quality evaluation information and relevant parameters linked to typical seismic data corresponding to the analysis time window includes: Statistical analysis is performed based on the quality evaluation information and the relevant parameters linked to the typical seismic data corresponding to the analysis time window to obtain the analysis results. Based on the analysis results, the relevant parameters are sorted to obtain the sorting results; The main influencing factors are determined based on the ranking results.

8. A device for analyzing main influencing factors, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire typical seismic data of the work area and relevant parameters that affect the quality of seismic data; The linkage module is used to link the relevant parameters with the shot point locations corresponding to the typical seismic data; The determination module is used to determine the quality evaluation information of typical seismic data corresponding to the selected analysis time window; The analysis module is used to determine the main influencing factors of image seismic data quality based on the quality evaluation information and relevant parameters linked to typical seismic data corresponding to the analysis time window.

9. A computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, characterized in that, The processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer program product comprising a computer program / instructions, characterized in that, When executed by a processor, the computer program implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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