A building energy consumption management and device monitoring system based on Internet of Things

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on thing networking's wisdom building energy consumption management and equipment monitoring system, belong to building intelligent management technical field.System uses layered distributed architecture, is composed of perception layer, network transmission layer, edge computing layer, platform application layer, terminal control layer;Perception layer realizes energy consumption, equipment, environmental global data acquisition, network transmission layer uses wired wireless dual-mode communication to guarantee data transmission, edge computing layer realizes local instant processing and emergency control, platform application layer realizes cloud big data analysis, visual management, intelligent strategy generation, terminal control layer realizes equipment automation regulation and control.The application overcomes the defects of traditional building management energy consumption waste, operation inefficiency, data isolation, insufficient intelligence, can realize building energy consumption accurate measurement, dynamic analysis, intelligent regulation and control, equipment full period monitoring, fault early warning, automation operation, effectively reduce building energy consumption, reduce operation cost, improve operation safety, applicable to various office buildings, shopping malls, communities, parks and other buildings, with excellent novelty, creativity and practicality, meet the development needs of green low-carbon building.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a smart building energy consumption management and equipment monitoring system based on the Internet of Things (IoT). The invention belongs to the field of IoT communication technology, specifically to the technical field of smart building energy consumption management and equipment monitoring systems based on the Internet of Things. Background Technology

[0002] Existing traditional building energy consumption and equipment management systems suffer from several intractable technical flaws. Firstly, system compatibility is extremely poor, with severe data silos. Within existing buildings, lighting, HVAC, water supply and drainage, power distribution, elevator, and fire protection systems are mostly independent, using different communication protocols and hardware interfaces. Data cannot be shared or exchanged, making it impossible for managers to comprehensively monitor the overall building operation and implement holistic, integrated control and management.

[0003] Secondly, equipment operation and maintenance rely heavily on manual inspections, resulting in extremely low levels of automation. Buildings have a large number of widely distributed electromechanical devices, making manual inspections labor-intensive, time-consuming, and prone to missed inspections. Equipment operating parameters cannot be collected in real time or tracked throughout the process, leading to frequent problems such as overload operation, no-load losses, and operation with malfunctions. This not only significantly increases energy consumption but also shortens equipment lifespan, increases maintenance and replacement costs, and may even cause safety accidents such as circuit failures and equipment burnout.

[0004] Third, there is a lack of intelligent prediction and automatic control capabilities. Most existing building management systems can only achieve basic manual control and cannot automatically optimize equipment operating parameters based on changes in indoor and outdoor environments, personnel flow patterns, time-of-day electricity load, and seasonal climate differences. This passive management results in consistently low energy utilization rates and high operation and maintenance costs.

[0005] In addition, some existing intelligent building management systems on the market suffer from drawbacks such as complex deployment and construction, difficult maintenance, poor scalability, weak data processing capabilities, and slow emergency response. They fail to achieve integrated management and control encompassing full-domain perception, network interconnection, intelligent analysis, automatic control, and closed-loop operation and maintenance, thus failing to meet the current demands for safe, efficient, low-carbon, and convenient operation and management of smart buildings. Therefore, developing a highly adaptable, intelligent, stable, and energy-efficient IoT-based smart building management system has become a technical challenge that needs to be addressed by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is to overcome existing deficiencies and provide an IoT-based smart building energy consumption management and equipment monitoring system. This system overcomes the shortcomings of traditional building energy consumption management, such as lagging monitoring, inaccurate metering, isolated data, serious energy waste, reliance on manual equipment monitoring, slow fault diagnosis, low operation and maintenance efficiency, lack of automated control, poor system compatibility, and slow emergency response. The new IoT-based smart building energy consumption management and equipment monitoring system enables real-time collection, accurate metering, in-depth analysis, and intelligent control of energy consumption across all building categories. It achieves real-time monitoring of electromechanical equipment operation status, early fault warning, and remote automated control, ultimately improving energy utilization, reducing operation and maintenance costs, ensuring building operational safety, and realizing low-carbon and efficient management.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A smart building energy consumption management and equipment monitoring system based on the Internet of Things adopts a layered distributed architecture, including a sensing layer, a network transmission layer, an edge computing layer, a platform application layer, and a terminal control layer.

[0009] The sensing layer is used to collect building energy consumption data, electromechanical equipment operating parameters, and indoor and outdoor environmental parameters around the clock, and includes an energy consumption acquisition unit, an equipment monitoring unit, and an environmental sensing unit.

[0010] The network transmission layer adopts a dual-mode communication mode that combines wired and wireless communication to achieve secure and stable data transmission between different layers.

[0011] The edge computing layer is deployed on-site in the building and is used for data protocol conversion, local preprocessing, real-time emergency control, and data caching.

[0012] The platform application layer is a cloud management platform that enables data storage, in-depth analysis, visualization, fault alarm, intelligent strategy generation, and operation and maintenance management.

[0013] The terminal control layer is used to receive control commands and perform automated control operations on various electromechanical equipment in the building, forming a complete closed-loop management and control system.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the energy consumption acquisition unit includes a high-precision smart electricity meter, a smart water meter, a smart gas meter, and a heating / cooling meter, which are respectively installed at the building's main terminal, floor branch terminals, household terminals, and the front end of key equipment to achieve hierarchical and accurate metering and upload energy consumption data in real time.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the equipment monitoring unit includes a current sensor, a voltage sensor, a power sensor, a temperature sensor, a vibration sensor, a speed sensor, a switch status detector, and a leakage current detector, which are respectively attached or installed on the body of various electromechanical equipment to monitor the equipment operating parameters throughout the process.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the environmental sensing unit includes a temperature and humidity sensor, a light intensity sensor, a human infrared sensor, a CO2 sensor, a smoke sensor, and a gas leak sensor, which are evenly distributed in various areas of the building, taking into account both environmental control and safety early warning.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the wired communication of the network transmission layer adopts one or more combinations of Ethernet, RS485 bus, and CAN bus, and the wireless communication adopts one or more combinations of LoRa, ZigBee, 4G / 5G, and WiFi, and has a built-in data encryption module and verification module.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the edge computing layer includes an edge gateway, a protocol conversion module, a data preprocessing module, a local control module, and a cache storage module, and has millisecond-level emergency response capability, supporting network interruption resumption and local caching.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the platform application layer includes a distributed data storage module, a big data analysis module, a visualization display module, a multi-level fault alarm module, a full-process operation and maintenance management module, a multi-mode intelligent strategy module, a permission management module, and an automatic reporting module.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the multi-mode intelligent strategy module includes at least an energy-saving mode, a comfort mode, a night duty mode, and a fire emergency mode, which can be automatically switched according to the environment, time period, and personnel status.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the terminal control layer includes an intelligent switch, a frequency converter, a voltage regulation module, a dimming driver, and an electric valve controller, supporting three working modes: automatic control, manual control, and remote control.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the system has complete fire linkage function, equipment overload protection function, leakage protection function, fault prediction and early warning function, and equipment life cycle management function, and is suitable for various civil and public buildings.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] Full-area, comprehensive perception with complete and accurate data: The system covers the entire building area, all types of equipment, and all operating cycles. It also takes into account the metering of all types of energy consumption, including water, electricity, gas, and heating and cooling, as well as multi-dimensional data collection of equipment operation, environmental monitoring, and safety early warning. The system has high collection accuracy and no blind spots, completely breaking down data silos and providing complete and reliable data support for intelligent management and control.

[0025] Dual-mode redundant communication, stable, safe and reliable: Adopting a wired + wireless dual-mode communication design, it can flexibly adapt to various installation scenarios, has strong anti-interference capabilities, supports breakpoint resume, data encryption, and data verification, and prevents data loss, leakage, and distortion, ensuring continuous, stable, safe and controllable data transmission.

[0026] Edge + cloud collaborative computing enables rapid and efficient response: On-site edge computing enables local processing and emergency response in seconds, effectively preventing security incidents; cloud big data enables in-depth analysis and intelligent prediction, taking into account both real-time performance and intelligence, significantly reducing cloud transmission and computing pressure and improving system operating efficiency.

[0027] Intelligent autonomous control with significant energy-saving effect: Based on big data analysis and multi-mode intelligent strategies, it automatically optimizes equipment operation according to actual needs, eliminates idling, overload, and ineffective operation losses. Practical application verification has shown that it can reduce the building's overall energy consumption by 15%-30%, significantly reduce energy expenditures, and achieve low-carbon and energy-saving operation.

[0028] Intelligent operation and maintenance throughout the entire process significantly reduces costs and increases efficiency: It realizes automatic early warning of equipment failure, remote diagnosis, and closed-loop management of work orders, replacing traditional manual inspections, reducing manpower input, identifying potential equipment problems in advance, extending equipment life by more than 30%, and reducing downtime losses and maintenance costs.

[0029] Visualized and convenient management, simple and easy to use: The multi-terminal visual display interface is intuitive and clear, easy to operate, and can be used without professional skills. It supports multi-level permission control and remote access management, adapts to various building management scenarios, has strong system compatibility, flexible expansion, simple deployment and construction, and convenient maintenance.

[0030] With comprehensive safety protection and stable operation, it has multiple safety functions such as overload protection, leakage protection, fire protection linkage, and emergency handling of gas leaks. It has built a closed-loop management system to effectively prevent various safety accidents and ensure the long-term stable and safe operation of buildings and equipment.

[0031] Highly practical and widely applicable: The system can be flexibly adapted to buildings of different sizes and types. Terminal devices can be added or removed and functional modules can be adjusted according to actual needs. It is easy to expand in the future and has great value for promotion and application, which is in line with the development trend of green and smart buildings. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] This invention provides a technical solution:

[0034] A smart building energy management and equipment monitoring system based on the Internet of Things adopts a layered distributed architecture, consisting of five functional layers from bottom to top: perception layer, network transmission layer, edge computing layer, platform application layer, and terminal control layer. The layers are interconnected and communicate with each other through standardized communication protocols to achieve data interconnection and coordinated command issuance. This constructs a closed-loop smart management and control system of "full-domain data acquisition - high-speed secure transmission - local edge computing - cloud intelligent analysis - terminal automatic execution", realizing integrated, intelligent, and refined operation of energy management and equipment monitoring.

[0035] The sensing layer is deployed in various areas of the building and various electromechanical equipment terminals. It is the data acquisition foundation of the entire system and is used to collect various energy consumption data, electromechanical equipment operating parameters, and indoor and outdoor environmental monitoring data of the building in an all-weather, all-round, and high-precision manner. It covers three major sub-modules: energy consumption acquisition unit, equipment monitoring unit, and environmental sensing unit, so as to achieve data sensing without blind spots and with full coverage.

[0036] The network transmission layer is built between the perception layer and the edge computing layer, and between the edge computing layer and the platform application layer. As the data transmission hub of the system, it adopts a dual-mode redundant communication mode that combines wired and wireless communication, taking into account the stability, efficiency, security and coverage of data transmission, and ensuring that various monitoring data and control commands are transmitted stably, without loss or leakage.

[0037] The edge computing layer is deployed in the building's on-site low-voltage room and equipment room. It is used to perform local preprocessing, caching, preliminary analysis, and emergency real-time control of the raw data uploaded by the perception layer. It relieves the computing pressure on the cloud server, reduces the amount of remote data transmission, achieves millisecond-level emergency response, and prevents the escalation of faults.

[0038] The platform's application layer is a cloud-based intelligent management platform deployed on a cloud server cluster. It receives valid data uploaded from the edge computing layer, performs massive data storage, in-depth analysis, visualization, intelligent strategy generation, fault alarm push, and operation and maintenance process management. It supports remote access, remote monitoring, and remote control, providing managers with complete building operation data and convenient management tools.

[0039] The terminal control layer is deployed at the front end of various controlled electromechanical equipment. It receives local emergency commands issued by the edge computing layer and remote control commands issued by the platform application layer. It performs precise control on equipment such as lighting equipment, air conditioning units, ventilation fans, water supply and drainage pumps, elevators, power distribution switches, and fire valves, including starting and stopping, speed regulation, voltage regulation, dimming, switching, and current limiting, to achieve automated and intelligent management and control.

[0040] Detailed structure of the perception layer

[0041] The energy consumption acquisition unit is used to accurately measure the energy consumption of all types of buildings, including smart meters, smart water meters, smart gas meters, and heating / cooling meters. All types of metering instruments use high-precision industrial-grade components and are installed at the main building inlet port, floor branch lines, individual household terminals, and the front end of key energy-consuming equipment. This enables hierarchical metering of total energy consumption, floor-level energy consumption, individual household energy consumption, and single-machine equipment energy consumption. It collects real-time data on electricity consumption, water consumption, gas consumption, and heating / cooling consumption, with metering errors controlled within the standard range. It also supports real-time data upload and historical data storage.

[0042] The equipment monitoring unit is used to track the operating status of electromechanical equipment throughout the entire process. It includes current sensors, voltage sensors, active power sensors, reactive power sensors, equipment temperature sensors, vibration sensors, speed sensors, switch status detectors, and leakage current detectors. Various sensors and detectors are installed on equipment such as air conditioning units, water supply and drainage pumps, supply and exhaust fans, elevators, lighting circuits, high and low voltage power distribution equipment, fire pumps, and fire dampers. It continuously collects operating parameters such as equipment voltage, current, power, shell temperature, vibration frequency, speed, switch status, and leakage current to comprehensively understand the operating conditions of the equipment.

[0043] The environmental sensing unit is used to collect indoor and outdoor environmental parameters to provide data for intelligent control. It includes indoor temperature and humidity sensors, outdoor temperature and humidity sensors, light intensity sensors, human infrared sensors, CO2 concentration sensors, smoke sensors, and gas leak sensors. These sensors are evenly distributed in rooms on each floor, corridors, lobbies, computer rooms, underground parking garages, and other areas to collect environmental data such as indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity, natural light intensity, personnel presence, air quality, smoke concentration, and gas concentration in real time, taking into account both environmental control and safety monitoring needs.

[0044] Detailed structure of network transport layer

[0045] The network transmission layer includes wired and wireless communication modules, allowing for flexible selection of communication methods based on device installation location, transmission distance, and data volume. The wired communication module employs Ethernet, RS485 bus, and CAN bus communication methods, offering stable transmission rates and strong anti-interference capabilities. It is specifically designed for data transmission from fixed-location devices with large data volumes in areas such as computer rooms, power distribution rooms, and equipment wells, ensuring uninterrupted data transmission for core equipment.

[0046] The wireless communication module adopts multiple communication modes, including LoRa, ZigBee, 4G / 5G, and WiFi, to form a complementary wireless coverage. Among them, LoRa and ZigBee communication have low power consumption, large network capacity, and strong wall penetration capabilities, making them suitable for short-range data transmission of a large number of sensors and small terminal devices inside a building. 4G / 5G mobile communication is not limited by distance and is suitable for data transmission of outdoor devices and long-distance terminals. WiFi communication has a high speed and is suitable for high-speed data interaction within a local area network, facilitating on-site debugging and data retrieval.

[0047] The network transport layer incorporates a data encryption module and a data verification module. It uses the AES encryption algorithm to encrypt transmitted data, preventing data theft and tampering and ensuring data transmission security. The data verification module uses a CRC check mechanism to perform real-time verification of transmitted data, automatically eliminating distorted and interfering data to ensure the integrity and accuracy of uploaded data. It also has a breakpoint resume function, caching data during network interruptions and automatically retransmitting it after the network is restored to prevent data loss.

[0048] Detailed structure of edge computing layer

[0049] The edge computing layer consists of an edge gateway, a data preprocessing module, a local control module, a cache storage module, and a protocol conversion module. It is deployed on-site in the building, close to the data acquisition terminal, to achieve local computing and real-time control.

[0050] As the core of field data aggregation, the edge gateway is responsible for collecting raw data uploaded by all terminal devices in the perception layer. Through the protocol conversion module, it uniformly converts the communication protocols of different devices, transforms various heterogeneous data into standardized format data, and solves the problems of incompatible protocols and data incompatibility between different devices.

[0051] The data preprocessing module cleans, filters, deduplicates, reduces noise, and removes outliers from standardized data, filtering out invalid data and interference signals, and selecting valid data, which greatly reduces the amount of data transmitted to the cloud and lowers the computing load on the cloud server.

[0052] The local control module has built-in preset thresholds and emergency control logic. It compares the monitoring data with the preset safety thresholds in real time. When the monitoring data exceeds the standard, the equipment malfunctions, or a safety hazard occurs, there is no need to upload the data to the cloud and wait for instructions. It can immediately and autonomously issue emergency control commands to realize real-time control such as equipment overload shutdown, leakage protection, fire linkage, and gas and power cut-off. The response time reaches the millisecond level, effectively preventing the expansion of safety accidents.

[0053] The cache storage module uses a local flash memory chip to temporarily store pre-processed valid data and historical operating data for a period of no less than 7 days. It supports offline caching and online resume transmission to ensure data continuity and facilitate on-site retrieval of historical data for troubleshooting.

[0054] Detailed structure of platform application layer

[0055] The platform's application layer is deployed on a cloud server cluster and has powerful data processing and management functions, including a data storage module, a big data analysis module, a visualization module, a fault alarm module, an operation and maintenance management module, an intelligent strategy module, a permission management module, and a report generation module.

[0056] The data storage module adopts a distributed cloud database, which supports long-term storage and fast retrieval of massive amounts of data. It categorizes and stores energy consumption metering data, equipment operating parameters, environmental monitoring data, fault alarm records, maintenance work order records, and user operation records, with a storage period of no less than 3 years, meeting the needs of data traceability and ledger management.

[0057] The big data analytics module incorporates time-series analysis algorithms, comparative analysis algorithms, trend prediction algorithms, energy consumption modeling algorithms, and fault diagnosis algorithms to deeply mine various types of data; calculate the total energy consumption of the building, the energy consumption of each area, and the energy consumption of each piece of equipment; compare historical energy consumption data to analyze energy consumption trends and locate abnormal energy loss points; and predict equipment failure risks and estimate the remaining service life of equipment based on equipment operating parameters, thereby achieving early warning of failures.

[0058] The visualization module constructs two-dimensional / three-dimensional building models through PC management terminals, central control screens, and mobile APP terminals. It intuitively displays the building's real-time energy consumption, equipment operating status, environmental parameters, and alarm information in the form of data reports, trend curves, bar charts, pie charts, equipment distribution diagrams, and heat maps. It supports multi-dimensional filtering, querying, and zooming in to make the building's operating status clear at a glance.

[0059] The fault alarm module supports multiple alarm modes, including on-site audible and visual alarms, platform pop-up alarms, SMS alarms, and APP push alarms. The alarm information accurately marks the fault location, abnormal parameters, fault type, and handling suggestions, making it convenient for managers to quickly locate faults and carry out maintenance.

[0060] The operation and maintenance management module enables digital management of the entire equipment lifecycle, establishes an electronic ledger for equipment, records equipment model, installation time, maintenance cycle, and repair records, and automatically generates inspection plans and maintenance work orders. It realizes online control of work order dispatch, execution, and closed-loop management, replacing manual paper records and improving operation and maintenance efficiency.

[0061] The intelligent strategy module has multiple built-in standardized operating modes, including energy-saving mode, comfort mode, night duty mode, fire emergency mode, and holiday mode. It automatically matches the optimal operating strategy and automatically issues control instructions based on time period, season, environmental parameters, personnel flow, and energy load, without the need for manual intervention.

[0062] The access control module sets up multi-level management permissions, divided into three levels: super administrator, operation and maintenance administrator, and ordinary viewer. It strictly controls the scope of operation, prevents unauthorized and accidental operations, and ensures the security of system operation. The report generation module can automatically generate energy consumption statistics reports, energy consumption comparison reports, operation and maintenance reports, and energy-saving benefit reports by day, month, quarter, and year, and supports one-click export and printing.

[0063] Detailed structure of terminal control layer

[0064] The terminal control layer is a field execution unit, including intelligent air switches, frequency converters, voltage regulation modules, dimming drivers, electric valve controllers, and relay modules, which are connected to controlled equipment such as lighting fixtures, indoor and outdoor air conditioning units, supply and exhaust fans, water supply and drainage pumps, elevators, water supply and drainage valves, power distribution switches, and fire dampers.

[0065] The terminal control layer supports three control modes to meet the needs of different scenarios: In automatic mode, it strictly executes the intelligent control commands issued by the edge computing layer and the platform application layer, starts and stops the equipment as needed, adjusts the operating power, and controls the switch status to achieve a balance between energy saving and comfort; in manual mode, it supports on-site button and knob operation for convenient equipment debugging and maintenance; in remote mode, it supports managers to issue control commands with one click through the PC or APP to achieve remote management.

[0066] Working principle

[0067] After the system is put into operation, it operates under fully automated closed-loop control. Each data acquisition terminal in the sensing layer continuously collects energy consumption data, equipment operating parameters, and environmental parameters, and uploads them to the network transmission layer in real time. The network transmission layer then securely transmits the data to the edge computing layer via wired or wireless communication.

[0068] The edge computing layer performs protocol conversion, preprocessing, and threshold comparison on the raw data. For regular data, it uploads the valid data to the platform application layer. For data exceeding the standard, faulty data, or data with safety hazards, it immediately issues emergency control instructions to the terminal control layer to execute real-time protection actions, and simultaneously uploads alarm information to the platform application layer.

[0069] After receiving valid data, the platform application layer stores it in the database and conducts in-depth analysis through big data algorithms to generate building operation reports, energy consumption analysis reports, and equipment health reports. Combining real-time environmental data, time period patterns, and personnel conditions, the intelligent strategy module generates the optimal control strategy and sends the control instructions to the terminal control layer.

[0070] After receiving instructions, the terminal control layer accurately controls the operating status of various devices and optimizes energy consumption. Managers can view the building's operating status in real time through a visual terminal, receive alarm information, dispatch maintenance work orders, and perform remote manual intervention when necessary. The entire process forms a complete closed loop of "data collection - data transmission - edge computing - cloud analysis - instruction issuance - terminal execution - feedback review", realizing refined energy consumption management and intelligent equipment monitoring.

[0071] Example 1

[0072] Overall system deployment

[0073] This embodiment is applied to an 18-story high-rise office building with a total construction area of ​​approximately 22,000 square meters. The building is equipped with a central air conditioning system, water supply and drainage system, public lighting system, elevator system, and power supply and distribution system. The system is fully deployed with a perception layer, network transmission layer, edge computing layer, platform application layer, and terminal control layer to achieve full-area, full-equipment energy consumption management and equipment monitoring.

[0074] Installation and layout of the sensing layer

[0075] High-precision smart meters, current and voltage sensors, and leakage detectors are installed in the main power distribution room of the office building to collect data on the building's total power load, total power consumption, and leakage status. Branch metering meters are installed in the distribution boxes on each floor to collect data on energy consumption per floor. Individual smart meters, human infrared sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, and light sensors are installed in each office room. Power sensors, temperature sensors, vibration sensors, and speed sensors are installed on the central air conditioning outdoor units, fresh air units, water supply and drainage pumps, and elevator main units. Public area lighting sensors, smoke sensors, and emergency lighting controllers are installed in corridors, lobbies, and underground parking garages.

[0076] Network transport layer construction

[0077] The main power distribution room, central air conditioning machine room, and elevator machine room adopt Ethernet + RS485 wired communication to ensure stable data transmission of core equipment; the sensors and lighting control terminals in the floor office areas and public areas adopt ZigBee wireless networking for low-power operation; the underground garage and outdoor equipment adopt 4G communication to achieve full-area signal coverage; all transmitted data are encrypted with AES and checked with CRC to ensure data security and accuracy.

[0078] Edge computing layer and platform application layer deployment

[0079] An industrial-grade edge gateway is deployed in the low-voltage electrical room on the basement floor of the office building to build a local edge computing node, which completes data aggregation, protocol conversion, preprocessing and local emergency control; a cloud server is deployed in the cloud to build a smart building management platform, which is configured with big data analysis module, visualization module, alarm module and operation and maintenance module, and sets energy saving mode, comfort mode, weekday mode and night duty mode.

[0080] Terminal control and operation effect

[0081] The smart switches in the terminal control layer connect to public lighting, while the frequency converters connect to air conditioning units, fans, and water pumps. During weekday working hours, the system automatically switches to comfort mode to maintain stable indoor temperature and humidity and sufficient lighting. When no one is around after get off work, the system automatically switches to energy-saving mode, turning off unnecessary lighting and reducing air conditioning power. At night, the system automatically enters duty mode, retaining only emergency lighting and basic ventilation. When equipment temperature exceeds the limit or current is overloaded, the edge computing layer immediately issues a shutdown protection command, and the platform simultaneously pushes alarm information.

[0082] After the system in this embodiment has been running stably for 6 months, statistics show that the total monthly energy consumption of the office building has decreased by 22%, the equipment failure rate has decreased by 42%, and the maintenance manpower cost has decreased by 60%, achieving the technical effects of precise energy consumption control, intelligent equipment monitoring, and efficient and convenient operation and maintenance.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] System upgrades and expansions

[0085] Based on Example 1, this embodiment is optimized and upgraded for the integrated shopping mall scenario, adding functions such as gas leak monitoring, fire alarm linkage, customer flow statistics, and time-of-use energy consumption pricing, to adapt to the characteristics of shopping malls with large customer flow, concentrated business hours, and complex business formats.

[0086] The perception layer adds gas leak sensors and passenger flow statistics cameras, which are installed in restaurants, kitchens, and atrium areas; the network transmission layer maintains dual-mode communication, improves data transmission bandwidth, and adapts to passenger flow video data transmission; the edge computing layer optimizes the fire linkage logic, so that after smoke alarm and gas leak alarm, the corresponding area's gas and power supply are automatically cut off, and the smoke exhaust fan, emergency lighting, and fire sprinkler system are turned on.

[0087] The platform's application layer has added a time-of-use pricing analysis function for energy consumption. Combined with peak and off-peak electricity prices, it automatically generates off-peak electricity consumption strategies to avoid peak electricity consumption periods and further reduce electricity costs. At the same time, it supports individual energy consumption accounting and cost statistics for shops, which facilitates the operation and management of shopping malls.

[0088] After the system in this embodiment was put into operation, it not only reduced energy consumption and improved operational efficiency, but also significantly improved the fire safety level of the shopping mall, realizing intelligent, refined, and safe management, and has extremely strong practical value.

[0089] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A smart building energy consumption management and equipment monitoring system based on the Internet of Things, characterized in that, It adopts a layered distributed architecture, including a perception layer, a network transmission layer, an edge computing layer, a platform application layer, and a terminal control layer; The sensing layer is used to collect building energy consumption data, electromechanical equipment operating parameters, and indoor and outdoor environmental parameters around the clock, and includes an energy consumption acquisition unit, an equipment monitoring unit, and an environmental sensing unit. The network transmission layer adopts a dual-mode communication mode that combines wired and wireless communication to achieve secure and stable data transmission between different layers. The edge computing layer is deployed on-site in the building and is used for data protocol conversion, local preprocessing, real-time emergency control, and data caching. The platform application layer is a cloud management platform that enables data storage, in-depth analysis, visualization, fault alarm, intelligent strategy generation, and operation and maintenance management. The terminal control layer is used to receive control commands and perform automated control operations on various electromechanical equipment in the building, forming a complete closed-loop management and control system.

2. The smart building energy management and equipment monitoring system based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The energy consumption acquisition unit includes high-precision smart meters, smart water meters, smart gas meters, and heating / cooling meters, which are installed at the building's main terminal, floor branch terminals, individual household terminals, and the front end of key equipment, respectively, to achieve hierarchical and accurate metering and upload energy consumption data in real time.

3. The smart building energy consumption management and equipment monitoring system based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The equipment monitoring unit includes current sensors, voltage sensors, power sensors, temperature sensors, vibration sensors, speed sensors, switch status detectors, and leakage current detectors, which are respectively attached or installed on the body of various electromechanical equipment to monitor the equipment operating parameters throughout the process.

4. The smart building energy management and equipment monitoring system based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental sensing unit includes temperature and humidity sensors, light intensity sensors, human infrared sensors, CO2 sensors, smoke sensors, and gas leak sensors, which are evenly distributed in various areas of the building to take into account both environmental control and safety early warning.

5. The smart building energy consumption management and equipment monitoring system based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The network transmission layer uses one or more combinations of Ethernet, RS485 bus, and CAN bus for wired communication, and one or more combinations of LoRa, ZigBee, 4G / 5G, and WiFi for wireless communication, and has a built-in data encryption module and verification module.

6. The smart building energy consumption management and equipment monitoring system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The edge computing layer includes an edge gateway, a protocol conversion module, a data preprocessing module, a local control module, and a cache storage module. It has millisecond-level emergency response capabilities and supports network outage resumption and local caching.

7. The smart building energy management and equipment monitoring system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The platform application layer includes a distributed data storage module, a big data analysis module, a visualization module, a multi-level fault alarm module, a full-process operation and maintenance management module, a multi-mode intelligent strategy module, a permission management module, and an automatic reporting module.

8. The IoT-based smart building energy management and equipment monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The multi-mode intelligent strategy module includes at least energy-saving mode, comfort mode, night duty mode, and fire emergency mode, which can automatically switch according to the environment, time of day, and personnel status.

9. The smart building energy management and equipment monitoring system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The terminal control layer includes intelligent switches, frequency converters, voltage regulators, dimming drivers, and electric valve controllers, supporting three working modes: automatic control, manual control, and remote control.

10. The smart building energy management and equipment monitoring system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system has complete fire alarm linkage functions, equipment overload protection functions, leakage protection functions, fault prediction and early warning functions, and equipment life cycle management functions, and is suitable for various civil and public buildings.