A method for mud logging data transmission

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of mud logging data transmission method, comprising the following steps: the frequency and amplitude of the interference signal of mud logging site are obtained;The frequency and amplitude of the interference signal are sent to central processing unit, central processing unit judges the communication frequency in current wireless communication module has been occupied by interference signal and automatically avoids interference frequency band, determines communication frequency, wherein the wireless communication module includes master node and slave node;Central processing unit sends the determined communication frequency to master node, and master node sends handshake information to slave node, and the handshake information includes the communication frequency determined by master node, after master node sends and master node receives successfully, master node and slave node are uniformly and automatically replaced to the communication frequency determined by master node.The present application can monitor and analyze interference situation in real time, can quickly adapt to the change of interference environment, ensure the stability of data transmission, reduce the delay and error rate of data transmission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of oil and gas and well logging technology, and more specifically, to a well logging data transmission method. Background Technology

[0002] During the oil and gas drilling and production process, it is necessary to collect and transmit data from various sensors on site to achieve monitoring of the entire drilling and production process.

[0003] Traditional well logging data acquisition and transmission are carried out via wired cables, typically using RS485 or CAN bus to transmit data to the field logging room. However, due to the large number of devices at the well site, the entire well logging system typically takes about a week to wire, install, and debug. With the development of wireless communication technology, wireless logging technology has been used in the field logging process, which greatly saves the time required for on-site wiring of the logging system.

[0004] While wireless logging systems eliminate the need for extensive wired cabling, they often encounter strong electromagnetic interference from drilling equipment during oil and gas drilling and production, leading to increased transmission delays or unstable connections. Therefore, an optimized method for wireless networking and low-latency, stable transmission in high-interference drilling environments is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address at least one of the aforementioned shortcomings of the prior art. For example, one objective of this invention is to achieve stable data transmission in drilling and logging environments with strong interference.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for transmitting logging data, which may include the following steps: acquiring the frequency and amplitude of interference signals at the logging site; sending the frequency and amplitude of the interference signals to a central processing unit (CPU); the CPU determines the communication frequency currently occupied by the interference signals in the wireless communication module and automatically avoids the interference frequency band, thereby determining the communication frequency; wherein the wireless communication module includes a master node and a slave node; the CPU of the wireless communication module (master node or slave node) sends the determined communication frequency to the master node; the master node sends handshake information to the slave node; the handshake information includes the communication frequency determined by the master node; after the master node successfully sends and receives the handshake information, the master node and the slave node automatically switch to the communication frequency determined by the master node.

[0007] Furthermore, the frequency of the same frequency as the master node is set as the effective frequency corresponding to the effective signal. For fault tolerance, a certain frequency deviation is allowed, with the frequency deviation amplitude limited to an absolute value of 0.1MHz-3MHz, and the relative deviation value limited to less than 0.5% of the absolute value of the range. That is, the frequency deviation < 0.5%FS, and the absolute deviation value is less than 0.1MHz-3MHz.

[0008] Furthermore, acquiring the frequency and amplitude of the interference signal at the logging site may include: acquiring the interference signal at the logging site through a signal monitoring module and converting the interference signal from a time domain signal to a frequency domain signal; performing a Fourier transform on the frequency domain signal to obtain the frequency and amplitude of the interference signal at the logging site.

[0009] Furthermore, converting the field interference signal from a time-domain signal to a frequency-domain signal can include decomposing the field interference signal into a series of frequency components, as shown in the following formula:

[0010]

[0011] Where f(t) represents the original signal, ξ represents the frequency component, and t represents time.

[0012] Furthermore, performing a Fourier transform on the frequency domain signal to obtain the frequency and amplitude of the interference signal can include performing a Fourier transform on the interference signal, as shown in the following formula:

[0013]

[0014] Where f(w) represents the frequency domain signal after the Fourier transform of the original signal, δ represents a constant, and w represents the fundamental frequency. The fundamental frequency is the minimum excitation signal in the frequency domain decomposition of the signal, commonly described by the Dirac function, and its value depends on the selected signal generator hardware. Its value ranges from 0 to 1. The fundamental frequency is the communication frequency set by the wireless communication module, which can be set to 410MHz-525MHz.

[0015] Furthermore, the logging data transmission method may also include automatic switching of the master node and slave nodes to the communication frequency determined by the master node, followed by communication quality detection and feedback control.

[0016] Furthermore, communication quality detection and feedback control can include automatically adjusting the communication frequencies of the master and slave nodes by monitoring communication quality in real time.

[0017] Furthermore, communication quality can include signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, and bit error rate.

[0018] Furthermore, the master node and slave node can use the same communication frequency.

[0019] Furthermore, the master node and slave node are designed with the same model and functions, differing only in their location and role within the network or system. The master node is responsible for collecting and transmitting signals, while the slave node receives signals transmitted by the master node, transcodes network and data signals within the node, and communicates with the connected logging equipment.

[0020] Furthermore, there is only one master node, but there can be multiple slave nodes, ensuring relay transmission to expand the transmission range and making it suitable for different venues or obstruction situations.

[0021] Furthermore, the master node can detect signals returned by other wireless and wired sensors. The wireless sensors are network compatible with the master node and transmit data to the master node by joining the network. The wired sensors are connected to the wired node via wired connection. The wireless master node of this technical solution is connected to the wired node, and collects signals and transcodes them to form its own signals for communication and transmission. Among them, the wired node is a technology that is already known to the public.

[0022] Furthermore, based on the interference information contained in the feedback signals from each sensor detected by the master node and slave node, the detected interference data and the valid signals and data determined through data handshake are projected onto the location of the detected data source, respectively. That is, based on the signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio and bit error rate as attribute parameters, and the location of the signal source as coordinate parameters, a related planar distribution prediction map is drawn.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least one of the following:

[0024] (1) This invention achieves communication frequency adjustment without human intervention by analyzing on-site interference signals and using automatic frequency modulation technology, thereby improving anti-interference capability.

[0025] (2) The present invention can monitor and analyze interference in real time, adapt quickly to changes in the interference environment, ensure the stability of data transmission, and reduce the delay and error rate of data transmission.

[0026] (3) The present invention can also project the detected interference signals and valid signals onto the location of the detected data source respectively to draw a data quality distribution map. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The above and other objects and / or features of the present invention will become clearer from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0028] Figure 1 A data transmission flowchart of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0029] In the following sections, a logging data transmission method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to exemplary embodiments.

[0030] Specifically, the logging data transmission method of the present invention achieves optimized wireless networking and low-latency stable transmission under strong interference environments during drilling and logging. By monitoring and analyzing the interference signals in the field, the frequency and amplitude information of the interference signals are obtained. By automatically avoiding the frequency of the interference signals, the anti-interference capability of the wireless communication module is improved, thereby achieving stable data transmission and low latency.

[0031] This invention provides a method for transmitting logging data, which may include the following steps:

[0032] Step S100: Obtain the frequency and amplitude of the interference signal at the logging site.

[0033] Step S200: The frequency and amplitude of the interference signal are sent to the central processing unit. The central processing unit determines the communication frequency that is currently occupied by the interference signal in the wireless communication module and automatically avoids the interference frequency band to determine the communication frequency. The wireless communication module includes a master node and a slave node.

[0034] In step S300, the central processing unit (CPU) sends the determined communication frequency to the master node. The master node then sends handshake information to the slave nodes. This handshake information includes the communication frequency determined by the master node. After successful transmission and reception of the handshake information by the master node, both the master node and the slave node automatically switch to the communication frequency determined by the master node. The CPU can be a commonly used CPU device in existing oil and gas drilling and production processes.

[0035] Furthermore, for steps S100 and S200, the interference signal can be detected by a signal monitoring module. The signal monitoring module can be a commonly used signal monitoring device in existing oil and gas drilling and production processes. After obtaining the interference signal, a fast Fourier transform is used to convert the interference signal from the time domain to the frequency domain. This step decomposes the signal into a series of frequency components, as shown in the following formula (1):

[0036]

[0037] Where f(t) represents the original signal, ξ represents the frequency component, and t represents time. A Fourier transform of the signal is also required to obtain the frequency and amplitude of the interference signal. The Fourier transform of the interference signal is shown in the following formula (2):

[0038]

[0039] Where f(w) represents the frequency domain signal after the Fourier transform of the original signal, δ represents a constant, and w represents the fundamental frequency. After obtaining the frequency and amplitude of the interference signal, this information is sent to the central processing unit (CPU). Upon receiving the frequency and amplitude information of the interference signal, the CPU determines the communication frequency currently occupied by the interference signal in the communication module and automatically avoids the interference frequency band, thus determining the correct communication frequency.

[0040] In step S300, the wireless communication module can establish a self-organizing network. The wireless communication module consists of a master node and slave nodes. The master and slave nodes use the same communication frequency. After receiving the communication frequency determined by the central processing unit, the master node's wireless communication module sends handshake information to the slave nodes. This information includes the communication frequency determined by the master node. After successful transmission and reception of the handshake information, both the master and slave nodes automatically switch to that communication frequency.

[0041] Furthermore, it also includes step S400, communication quality detection and feedback control. New interference signals may be introduced in the field. By monitoring communication quality in real time, including signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, and bit error rate, the communication frequency is automatically adjusted to ensure the accuracy and stability of data transmission.

[0042] After monitoring the interference signal on site, the original signal is represented as a form composed of different frequency components, as shown in formula (1). It is also necessary to perform Fourier transform on the signal to obtain the frequency and amplitude of the interference signal. The expression for Fourier transform of the interference signal is shown in formula (2). By performing Fourier transform on the interference signal at the master node and slave node of a well site, the frequency and amplitude information of each frequency component of the interference signal in Table 1 are obtained.

[0043] Table 1

[0044]

[0045] The central processing unit (CPU) analyzes the data in Table 1 to automatically avoid interference signal frequencies and select a suitable communication frequency for the current data transmission. This invention can use LoRa protocol-compliant wireless communication devices to form a self-organizing network. These devices initially communicate using a default communication frequency. Once the CPU determines the optimal communication frequency, both the master and slave nodes switch to that frequency.

[0046] During the drilling and extraction process, certain equipment may be added or removed, which may cause changes in the electromagnetic environment on site. By monitoring the interference signals on site in real time, the wireless communication frequency can be quickly adjusted to ensure the stability of data transmission.

[0047] Each time the communication frequency of a wireless device is adjusted, the communication quality indicators are monitored in real time during data transmission, and the parameter settings of the automatic frequency adjustment algorithm are continuously optimized to ensure the accuracy and stability of the frequency adjustment.

[0048] like Figure 1As shown, after the wireless communication equipment successfully forms a self-organizing network, the sensor data is first transmitted to the child nodes of the wireless communication equipment via wired connection. All child nodes then transmit the data wirelessly to the master node of the wireless communication equipment, and the master node then transmits the data to the logging room via wired connection. This automatically frequency-tuned wireless transmission equipment achieves stable and low-latency data transmission in the field while reducing the laying of cables, significantly saving manpower and resources.

[0049] Specifically, during the conversion of sensors from wired to wireless transmission, especially in field environments with complex electromagnetic conditions and dispersed sensor locations, ensuring the stability and reliability of wireless data transmission becomes a challenge. In such environments, electromagnetic signals of various frequencies can interfere with each other, adversely affecting wireless communication. Therefore, selecting an appropriate communication frequency is crucial for ensuring communication quality.

[0050] Before data transmission, a thorough monitoring and assessment of the electromagnetic environment surrounding the wireless communication node is an essential step. Monitoring the on-site electromagnetic environment allows for the collection of various electromagnetic signal data near the wireless communication node. This data serves as the basis for subsequent analysis, revealing the specific situation of electromagnetic interference. To accurately analyze the frequency characteristics of electromagnetic interference, Fourier transform is used to convert the signal in the time domain to its frequency domain representation, thus revealing the signal's frequency distribution characteristics. By applying Fourier transform, the collected electromagnetic signal data can be transformed from the time domain to the frequency domain, allowing the observation of frequency information for various interference signals. In the frequency domain analysis, a series of interference signal frequency values ​​are obtained. These frequency values ​​are sent to the central processing unit (central processing node) for further processing. The central processing node determines whether the frequencies of these interference signals fall within the communication frequency range of the communication module. If interference signals exist within the communication frequency range, these frequencies are considered potential communication obstacles. To avoid conflicts with interference signals, the central processing node selects undisturbed frequencies within the communication frequency range as the communication frequency. This step requires comprehensive consideration of factors such as communication quality, transmission speed, and coverage to ensure the stability and reliability of wireless data transmission. By following the steps above, a suitable communication frequency can be selected for wireless sensor networks in complex electromagnetic environments, thereby ensuring the smooth transmission of wireless data.

[0051] After a wireless transmission node completes its self-organizing network and selects a communication frequency, it automatically performs a communication test to ensure the stability and integrity of data transmission. The slave node sends test data to the master node to verify communication quality. The wireless transmission node automatically completes the network formation process through a series of protocols and algorithms. After network formation, the node evaluates available communication frequencies and selects the most suitable one for the current environment. This selection process may consider multiple factors, such as frequency availability, interference levels, and channel quality. After the communication frequency is selected, the slave node sends test data to the master node. This test data may be a data packet containing specific information used to verify the stability of the communication link and the accuracy of data transmission. Upon receiving the test data from the slave node, the master node performs a series of verification steps. This includes checking the integrity of the data packet (whether there is data loss), the accuracy of the data (whether the data content is correct), and the arrival time of the data (whether there is delay). If data is lost, corrupted, or delayed during transmission, the communication frequency may not be suitable for the current communication environment. If the master node discovers data loss during verification, it records the issue at the central processing node. After recording this problem, the central processing node will initiate a communication frequency reselection mechanism. This mechanism will reassess the available communication frequencies and select a new one that is more suitable for the current environment. This process may be repeated until a stable and reliable communication frequency is found.

[0052] Although the present invention has been described above in conjunction with exemplary embodiments and accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications can be made to the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for transmitting logging data, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Acquire the frequency and amplitude of interference signals at the logging site; The frequency and amplitude of the interference signal are sent to the central processing unit. The central processing unit determines the communication frequency that is currently occupied by the interference signal in the wireless communication module and automatically avoids the interference frequency band to determine the communication frequency. The wireless communication module includes a master node and a slave node. The central processing unit of the wireless communication module sends the determined communication frequency to the master node. The master node sends handshake information to the slave node. The handshake information includes the communication frequency determined by the master node. After the handshake information is successfully sent and received, the master node and the slave node automatically switch to the communication frequency determined by the master node.

2. The logging data transmission method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frequency and amplitude of interference signals obtained at the logging site include: The signal monitoring module acquires the interference signal at the logging site and converts the interference signal from the time domain signal to the frequency domain signal. Perform a Fourier transform on the frequency domain signal to obtain the frequency and amplitude of the interference signal at the logging site.

3. The logging data transmission method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Converting on-site interference signals from time-domain signals to frequency-domain signals involves decomposing the on-site interference signals into a series of frequency components, as shown in the following formula: Where f(t) represents the original signal, ξ represents the frequency component, and t represents time.

4. The logging data transmission method according to claim 2, characterized in that, To obtain the frequency and amplitude of the interference signal by performing a Fourier transform on the frequency domain signal, the following formula is used: Where f(w) represents the frequency domain signal after Fourier transform of the original signal, δ represents a constant, w represents the fundamental frequency, and the value range is 0-1. The fundamental frequency is the communication frequency set by the wireless communication module, which can be set to 410MHz-525MHz.

5. The logging data transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The logging data transmission method also includes automatic switching of the master node and slave nodes to the communication frequency determined by the master node, followed by communication quality detection and feedback control.

6. The logging data transmission method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Communication quality detection and feedback control include automatically adjusting the communication frequencies of the master and slave nodes by monitoring communication quality in real time.

7. The logging data transmission method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Communication quality includes signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, and bit error rate.

8. The logging data transmission method according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 or 7, characterized in that, The master node and slave node use the same communication frequency.

9. The logging data transmission method according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 or 7, characterized in that, The effective signal frequency is the same as or similar to the frequency determined by the master node. If it is different, a certain deviation range is set. The frequency deviation is <0.5%FS and the absolute deviation value is less than 0.1MHz-3MHz. In special cases, when the frequency deviation is 0, there is no frequency deviation between the master node and the slave node.

10. The logging data transmission method according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes drawing a related planar distribution prediction map based on signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, and bit error rate as attribute parameters, and the location of the signal source as coordinate parameters; by using the Kriging method to draw the planar map, the distribution of effective and interference signals and the changes of related parameters within the signal coverage area can be observed.

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