Cooling plate, heat sink, power module and power device

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application relate to a cooling plate, a heat sink, a power module and a power device. The cooling plate comprises a plate body and a plurality of fins arranged on the plate body. The plate body and the plurality of fins jointly define a fluid channel. The fluid channel comprises an inlet channel, an outlet channel and a distribution channel communicating the inlet channel and the outlet channel. The distribution channel comprises an N-level bifurcation structure defined by the plurality of fins, N being an integer greater than or equal to 2; the N-level bifurcation structure comprises a first-level branch flow passage and an i-level branch flow passage formed by the first-level branch flow passage by level-by-level bifurcation, wherein 2≤i≤N. The first-level branch flow passage communicates between the inlet channel and the outlet channel. The i-level branch flow passage is formed by bifurcation of the i-1-level branch flow passage and merges into the first-level branch flow passage or directly communicates to the outlet channel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power electronic packaging technology, and more specifically, to cooling plates, heat sinks, power modules, and power equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Heat sinks are typically used for cooling in the power modules of electrical equipment such as motor controllers and inverters in photovoltaic systems. However, the heat dissipation performance of existing heat sinks needs to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a cooling plate, a heat sink, a power module, and electrical equipment to improve the heat dissipation performance of existing heat sinks.

[0004] This application provides a cooling plate. The cooling plate includes a plate body and a plurality of fins disposed on the plate body. The plate body and the plurality of fins together define a fluid channel. The fluid channel includes an inlet channel, at least one outlet channel, and a branching channel. The branching channel connects the inlet channel and at least one outlet channel. The branching channel includes an N-level bifurcation structure defined by the plurality of fins, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2; the N-level bifurcation structure includes a first-level branch channel and an i-th-level branch channel formed by its progressive bifurcation, where 2≤i≤N. The first-level branch channel connects the inlet channel and the outlet channel. The i-th-level branch channel is formed by bifurcation of the (i-1)-th-level branch channel and merges into the first-level branch channel or directly connects to the outlet channel.

[0005] In some embodiments, the inlet channel includes a first inlet flow channel extending along a first direction. Two outlet channels are provided, each outlet channel including a first outlet flow channel extending along the first direction. The two first outlet channels are located on opposite sides of the first inlet flow channel in a second direction. The second direction intersects the first direction.

[0006] In some embodiments, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the first inlet channel gradually decreases along the flow direction of the cooling medium in the first inlet channel.

[0007] In some embodiments, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​each first outlet channel gradually increases along the flow direction of the cooling medium in the first outlet channel.

[0008] In some embodiments, the inlet channel further includes two second inlet channels extending to both sides of the first inlet channel along a second direction. The outlet channel further includes a second outlet channel communicating with the first outlet channel and extending along the second direction. The downstream of the second inlet channel located on the same side as the first inlet channel is connected to the upstream of the first outlet channel. Each second outlet channel is disposed opposite to the corresponding second inlet channel in a first direction.

[0009] In some embodiments, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​each second inlet channel gradually decreases from the end closest to the first inlet channel to the end furthest from the first inlet channel.

[0010] In some embodiments, the diversion channels are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the first inlet channel.

[0011] In some embodiments, the two second inlet channels are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the first inlet channel.

[0012] In some embodiments, the two second outlet channels are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the first inlet channel.

[0013] In some embodiments, the first-stage branch channel is set at an acute angle to the extension direction of the inlet channel to which it is connected. The i-th-stage branch channel is set at an acute angle to the extension direction of the (i-1)-th-stage branch channel to which it is connected.

[0014] In some embodiments, in the second direction, multiple first-level branch channels are respectively provided on opposite sides of the first liquid inlet channel, and the multiple first-level branch channels located on the same side of the first liquid inlet channel are parallel to each other.

[0015] In some embodiments, the multiple first-level branch channels include a first type of first-level branch channel, a second type of first-level branch channel, and a third type of first-level branch channel. The first type of first-level branch channel is directly connected between the second inlet channel and the first outlet channel. The second type of first-level branch channel is directly connected between the first inlet channel and the first outlet channel. The third type of first-level branch channel is directly connected between the first inlet channel and the second outlet channel.

[0016] In some embodiments, the plurality of fins includes a plurality of main fins, a plurality of first peripheral fins, a plurality of second peripheral fins, a plurality of first sub-fins, and a plurality of second sub-fins. The plurality of main fins are spaced apart along a first direction and define the two side boundaries of the first liquid inlet channel. The plurality of first peripheral fins define the boundary of the second liquid inlet channel. The plurality of second peripheral fins define the boundary of the first liquid outlet channel. The plurality of first sub-fins and the plurality of second sub-fins are arranged in an array. Along the extension direction of the first-level branch channel on opposite sides, each row of first sub-fins and each row of second sub-fins are arranged alternately.

[0017] Multiple fins are divided into multiple fin groups. A first-level branch flow channel is defined between any two adjacent fin groups. Fin groups include a first type of fin group, a second type of fin group, and a third type of fin group. The first type of fin group includes a first peripheral fin, a second peripheral fin, and a row of first sub-fins and a row of second sub-fins disposed between the first peripheral fin and the second peripheral fin. The second type of fin group includes a main fin, a first peripheral fin, and a row of first sub-fins and a row of second sub-fins disposed between the main fin and the first peripheral fin. The third type of fin group includes a main fin and a row of first sub-fins and a row of second sub-fins disposed between the main fin and the second liquid outlet flow channel.

[0018] In some embodiments, multiple main fins are arranged in pairs along a first direction, and the spacing between each pair of main fins in a second direction defines the width of the first inlet channel. The width of the first inlet channel gradually decreases along the flow direction of the cooling medium within it.

[0019] In some embodiments, the distance between the plurality of second peripheral fins and the edge of the plate closest to them defines the width of the first outlet channel. The width of the first outlet channel gradually increases along the flow direction of the cooling medium in the first outlet channel.

[0020] In some embodiments, the distance between the plurality of first peripheral fins and the edge of the plate closest to them defines the width of the second inlet channel. The width of the second inlet channel gradually decreases from the end closer to the first inlet channel to the end farther away from the first inlet channel.

[0021] In some embodiments, the plurality of second-level branch channels include a first type of second-level branch channel, a second type of second-level branch channel, and a third type of second-level branch channel. The first type of second-level branch channel is parallel to a second direction. The second type of second-level branch channel includes a first segment parallel to a first direction and a second segment connecting the first segment and parallel to the first-level branch channel on the same side. The third type of second-level branch channel includes a third segment parallel to the second direction and a fourth segment connecting the third segment and parallel to the first-level branch channel on the same side.

[0022] In some embodiments, N equals 3. Two third-level branch channels branch off from the same second-level branch channel, one of which is parallel to the first direction and the other is parallel to the second direction.

[0023] In some embodiments, the main fin, the first peripheral fin, the second peripheral fin, the first sub-fin, and the second sub-fin are all polygonal cross-section cylinders, and each includes an outer side surface that is parallel to the first-level branch flow channel, the second-level branch flow channel, and the third-level branch flow channel, respectively. The corresponding sides of adjacent fins together define the branch flow channels at each level.

[0024] In some embodiments, the multiple fins further include multiple third sub-fins arranged in an array. Each third sub-fin is a polygonal cross-section prism and includes an outer surface parallel to the first-level branch flow channel, the second-level branch flow channel, and the third-level branch flow channel, respectively, used to jointly define each level of branch flow channel with the corresponding sides of adjacent fins. At least some fin groups also include a structure consisting of a row of third sub-fins, a row of first sub-fins, and a row of second sub-fins arranged sequentially.

[0025] In some embodiments, the first type of fin group further includes a plurality of fourth sub-fins arranged adjacent to the first peripheral fins. The fourth sub-fins are polygonal cross-section prisms and include sides for defining the third type of second-level branch flow channels.

[0026] In some embodiments, the main fin is a hexagonal cross-section prism. The first outer fin is a heptagonal cross-section prism. The second outer fin is a quadrilateral cross-section prism. The first sub-fin is a pentagonal cross-section prism. The second sub-fin is a heptagonal cross-section prism. The third sub-fin is a triangular cross-section prism. The fourth sub-fin is a quadrilateral cross-section prism. Each outer surface of each fin corresponds to the boundary of the liquid inlet channel, liquid outlet channel, or branch flow channel at each stage.

[0027] In some embodiments, adjacent sides of each fin are connected by a rounded transition.

[0028] In some embodiments, at the connection between the first inlet channel and the second outlet channel, the side surface area of ​​some main fins is configured to be smaller than the side surface area of ​​the main fins at other locations.

[0029] In some embodiments, the fin distribution density is configured to gradually increase along the flow direction of the cooling medium in the first inlet channel.

[0030] A second aspect of this application provides a radiator. The radiator includes a housing and a cooling plate according to the first aspect of this application. The housing has a receiving space, a liquid inlet, and at least one liquid outlet. Both the liquid inlet and the at least one liquid outlet communicate with the receiving space. The cooling plate is mounted on the housing. A plurality of fins are housed in the receiving space, a liquid inlet channel communicates with the liquid inlet, and at least one liquid outlet channel communicates with at least one liquid outlet.

[0031] A third aspect of this application provides a power module. The power module includes a heat sink as described in the second aspect of this application and power devices. The power devices are mounted on the cooling plate of the heat sink.

[0032] A fourth aspect of this application provides an electrical device. This electrical device includes the power module described in the third aspect of this application.

[0033] The cooling plate with an N-stage bifurcation structure in this application embodiment is inspired by efficient biological bifurcation systems in nature (such as lung bronchi or tree roots). This cooling plate constructs a recursive, self-similar, multi-stage Y-shaped bifurcation network, allowing the cooling medium to be uniformly distributed to the heat dissipation area step-by-step from the inlet end through the first to the Nth stage branch channels. By optimizing the channel layout, this cooling plate effectively reduces flow resistance, promotes uniform fluid distribution, eliminates local hot spots, and enhances convective heat transfer intensity by maintaining high wall shear forces. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power module according to an embodiment of this application.

[0035] Figure 2 for Figure 1 An exploded view of the radiator.

[0036] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A plan view of the intermediate cooling plate.

[0037] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of point I in the middle.

[0038] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of section II.

[0039] Figure 6 This is a plan view of a cooling plate according to another embodiment of this application.

[0040] Figure 7 Figure (a) is a flow path cloud diagram of the power device of the power module in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 Figure (b) is a flow channel cloud diagram of the cooling plate of the power module in an embodiment of this application.

[0041] Figure 8 Figure (a) in the figure is a flow channel diagram of the power device in the power module of the related technology; Figure 8 Figure (b) in the figure is a flow channel cloud diagram of the cooling plate of the power module of the related technology.

[0042] Explanation of key component symbols: Power Module-1000; Heat Sink-100; Power Device-200; Housing-10; Receiving Space-11; Liquid Inlet-12; Liquid Outlet-13; Cooling Plate-20, 20'; Plate Body-21; First Edge-211; Second Edge-212; Third Edge-213; Fourth Edge-214; Fins-22, 22'; Liquid Inlet Channel-23; First Liquid Inlet Flow Channel-231; Second Liquid Inlet Flow Channel-232; Liquid Outlet Channel-24; First Liquid Outlet Flow Channel-241; Second Liquid Outlet Flow Channel-242; Diverting Channel-25; First Branch Flow Channel-251; Second Branch Flow Channel-252; Third Branch Flow Channel-253; Main Fin-A; First Outer Fin-B1; Second Outer Fin-B2; First Sub-Fin-C1; Second Sub-Fin-C2 Third sub-fin - C3; Fourth sub-fin - C4; Fin group - G; First type fin group - G1; Second type fin group - G2; Third type fin group - G3; First type first-level branch flow channel - T11; Second type first-level branch flow channel - T12; Third type first-level branch flow channel - T13; First type second-level branch flow channel - T21; Second type second-level branch flow channel - T22; Third type second-level branch flow channel - T23; First type third-level branch flow channel - T31; Second type third-level branch flow channel - T32; First sub-segment - Q1; Second sub-segment - Q2; Third sub-segment - Q3; Fourth sub-segment - Q4; First region - R1; Second region - R2; Cooling medium - L; First direction - X; Second direction - Y; Third direction - Z; Fourth direction - U; Fifth direction - V.

[0043] The following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will further illustrate this application. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout.

[0045] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. The terms "exemplarily" or "for example," etc., are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations, and should not be interpreted as indicating a preference or advantage over other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplarily" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete manner.

[0046] Unless otherwise specified, the data range values ​​described in the embodiments of this application shall include the end values.

[0047] Unless otherwise defined, the term "connection" shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium.

[0048] With the rapid progress of third-generation semiconductor technology, silicon carbide (SiC) power devices have gradually become the core components in high-temperature, high-frequency, and high-power application scenarios due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. However, the ability of SiC power devices to operate stably at higher junction temperatures (usually exceeding 200°C) also poses an unprecedented severe challenge to the heat dissipation management of power modules. If the huge heat generated during high-power density operation cannot be dissipated in a timely and efficient manner, it will cause the junction temperature of SiC power devices to rise sharply, leading to significant thermo-mechanical stress, and further severely restricting the working life and overall reliability of SiC power devices.

[0049] Therefore, developing an efficient cooling structure that can significantly improve the heat dissipation performance of power devices, especially an efficient cooling structure that can adapt to the high heat flux density characteristics of SiC power devices, has become a key topic and urgent need in the current power module design field.

[0050] The following specifically describes the power module of the embodiment of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0051] Refer Figure 1 , a power module 1000 provided by an embodiment of the present application includes a radiator 100 and a plurality of power devices 200 mounted on the radiator 100.

[0052] The radiator 100 includes a housing 10 and a cooling plate 20 mounted on the housing 10. The power device 200 is mounted on the cooling plate 20.

[0053] Figure 1 shows that a plurality of power devices 200 form a three-phase inverter topology structure, and each phase includes 4 power devices 200 arranged in a 4×4 array.

[0054] The power device 200 can be a power device such as silicon (Si), silicon carbide (SiC), gallium arsenide (GaAs), indium phosphide (InP), gallium nitride (GaN), germanium (Ge), diamond (C), gallium oxide (Ga2O3), etc.

[0055] The power device 200 can be a MOSFET (metal oxide field effect transistor), HEMT (high electron mobility transistor), IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor), JFET (junction field effect transistor), thyristor device, etc.

[0056] In other embodiments, the number and arrangement positions of the power devices 200 are not limited to this.

[0057] Combined with parameters Figure 1 and Figure 2 The housing 10 has a receiving space 11, a liquid inlet 12 and a liquid outlet 13.

[0058] Both the inlet 12 and the outlet 13 are connected to the receiving space 11. The cooling medium L flows into the receiving space 11 from the inlet 12 and flows out from the outlet 13.

[0059] The cooling plate 20 includes a plate body 21 and a plurality of fins 22 disposed on the plate body 21. The side of the plate body 21 with the fins 22 is mounted to the housing 10. After the cooling plate 20 is mounted to the housing 10, the plurality of fins 22 are received in the receiving space 11 within the housing 10. A plurality of power devices 200 are mounted on the side of the plate body 21 opposite to the fins 22.

[0060] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A plan view of the intermediate cooling plate 20. (See reference) Figure 3 In the cooling plate 20, the plate body 21 and multiple fins 22 together define a fluid channel. The fluid channel includes an inlet channel 23, an outlet channel 24, and a diversion channel 25. The diversion channel 25 connects the inlet channel 23 and the outlet channel 24.

[0061] Combined with parameters Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The inlet channel 23 is connected to the inlet port 12, and the outlet channel 24 is connected to the outlet port 13.

[0062] Cooling medium L flows into the receiving space 11 from the inlet 12, then through the inlet channel 23, and is guided to the outlet channel 24 via the diversion channel 25, before flowing out from the outlet 13. The heat generated by the power device 200 is conducted through the plate 21 to the cooling medium L in the fins 22 and the fluid channels, and is promptly carried away by the cooling medium L, thereby reducing the junction temperature and thermal resistance of the power device 200. The cooling medium L can be a gas or a liquid, and will be referred to as a fluid below.

[0063] Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, two outlets 13 and two outlet channels 24 are provided, with each outlet 13 corresponding to one outlet channel 24. The outlet 13 and the inlet 12 are arranged opposite each other in the first direction X. The two outlets 13 are spaced apart in the second direction Y. The first direction X and the second direction Y intersect.

[0064] For ease of description, the direction from the liquid inlet 12 of the radiator 100 to the liquid outlet 13 is defined as the positive direction of the first direction X. The direction from the housing 10 to the cooling plate 20 is defined as the third direction Z, or the direction from the fins 22 to the plate 21 is defined as the third direction Z. The first direction X, the second direction Y, and the third direction Z are all perpendicular to each other.

[0065] The following details the specific distribution of fluid channels in cooling plate 20. Please continue reading... Figure 3 The liquid inlet channel 23 includes a first liquid inlet channel 231 extending along a first direction X, and two second liquid inlet channels 232 extending from the first liquid inlet channel 231 to both sides along a second direction Y. The first liquid inlet channel 231 and the two second liquid inlet channels 232 on both sides constitute a generally T-shaped liquid inlet channel 23.

[0066] Each outlet channel 24 includes a first outlet channel 241 extending along a first direction X, and a second outlet channel 242 connecting the first outlet channel 241 and extending along a second direction Y. The two first outlet channels 241 are located on opposite sides of the first inlet channel 231 in the second direction Y. The downstream of the second inlet channel 232 located on the same side as the first inlet channel 231 is connected to the upstream of the first outlet channel 241.

[0067] Each second outlet channel 242 is disposed opposite to the corresponding second inlet channel 232 in the first direction X. The first outlet channel 241 and the second outlet channel 242 connected thereto form an outlet channel 24 that is approximately L-shaped.

[0068] The first liquid inlet channel 231 is approximately located at the center of the plate 21 along the second direction Y, and is used to connect with... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The inlet 12 shown is aligned. The two second outlet channels 242 are respectively aligned with... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The liquid outlet 13 shown corresponds to this. Figures 3 to 5 The direction of flow of the cooling medium L within the fluid channel is indicated by arrows of different line types. (Ref) Figure 3 The solid arrows indicate that after passing through the cooling plate 20, the cooling medium L flows in the positive direction of the first direction X in the first inlet channel 231, and in the two second inlet channels 232, it flows in the positive and negative directions of the second direction Y, respectively. The cooling medium L in the first inlet channel 231 and the two second inlet channels 232 either flows directly to the first outlet channels 241 on both sides, or flows through the diversion channel 25 and then converges to the first outlet channels 241 on both sides, or flows directly to the corresponding second outlet channels 242, and finally flows through... Figure 2 The liquid flows out from the outlet 13 shown.

[0069] As can be seen, the liquid inlet channel 23 and liquid outlet channel 24 in the cooling plate 20 form a bilateral liquid flow pattern that is roughly consistent with the bionic lung bronchial system, which is conducive to the rapid distribution of the cooling medium L in the central region to the two side diversion channels 25.

[0070] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first inlet channel 231 gradually decreases along the flow direction of the cooling medium L in the first inlet channel 231. This helps to increase the pressure inside the first inlet channel 231, causing the cooling medium L to be diverted to both sides more, so that the fluid can fully cover the area directly opposite the power device 200, thereby enhancing the heat dissipation capacity of the heat sink 100.

[0071] In some embodiments, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​each second inlet channel 232 gradually decreases from the end closest to the first inlet channel 231 to the end furthest from the first inlet channel 231. This helps to mitigate the flow rate variation trend of the cooling medium L as it is distributed from the first inlet channel 231 to both sides in the second direction Y, reducing flow imbalance between the two channels.

[0072] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of ​​each first outlet channel 241 gradually increases along the flow direction of the cooling medium L in the first outlet channel 241. This facilitates smooth diffusion of the fluid after confluence and reduces local back pressure at the outlet end. Furthermore, the arrangement of the diversion channel 25 helps to avoid the problem of increased fluid pressure caused by changes in the size of the first inlet channel 231 (e.g., decreasing size).

[0073] In the above embodiments, by gradually reducing the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the first liquid inlet channel 231 along the flow direction of the cooling medium L, gradually reducing the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the second liquid inlet channel 232 from the end near the first liquid inlet channel 231 to the end away from the first liquid inlet channel 231, and gradually increasing the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the first liquid outlet channel 241 along the flow direction, channel geometry that matches the flow rate change can be constructed in the three stages of liquid inlet, flow splitting, and liquid outlet, thereby reducing local impact and backflow, improving fluid distribution uniformity, and thus more effectively reducing the hot spot temperature of the cooling plate 20.

[0074] In practical applications, the design of varying dimensions of the liquid inlet channel 23 and the liquid outlet channel 24 helps to improve the pressure of the radiator 100 and effectively balance the junction temperature differences between the three phases under the three-phase inverter topology.

[0075] The distribution of the flow branching channel 25 is described in detail below. The flow branching channel 25 includes an N-level branching structure defined by multiple fins 22, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The N-level branching structure includes a first-level branch channel 251 and an i-th-level branch channel formed by its progressively branching branches, where 2 ≤ i ≤ N. The first-level branch channel 251 connects the inlet channel 23 and the outlet channel 24. The i-th-level branch channel is formed by the branching of the (i-1)-th-level branch channel and merges into the first-level branch channel 251 or directly connects to the outlet channel 24.

[0076] The cooling plate 20 with an N-level bifurcation structure in this embodiment is inspired by efficient biological bifurcation systems in nature (such as lung bronchi or tree roots). This cooling plate 20 constructs a recursive, self-similar, multi-level Y-shaped bifurcation network, allowing the cooling medium L to be uniformly distributed from the inlet end to the heat dissipation area through the first to Nth level branch channels. Here, "Y-shaped" is defined as the topological structure of the channel splitting into two at the bifurcation point, rather than a geometric limitation on the angle or symmetry of the branch channels. By optimizing the channel layout, the cooling plate 20 effectively reduces flow resistance, promotes uniform fluid distribution, eliminates local hot spots, and enhances convective heat transfer intensity by maintaining high wall shear forces.

[0077] In the cooling plate 20 of this application embodiment, the Y-shaped bifurcation network follows Murray's Law or the optimal principle at the Y-shaped bifurcation, which is conducive to transporting fluid with minimal energy consumption. Therefore, it has high fluid dynamic efficiency and low energy loss.

[0078] Furthermore, the hierarchical recursive Y-shaped branching network (parent channel -> child channel -> grandchild channel...) is a fractal structure. Each branching point divides the fluid in two. This structure physically ensures a high degree of uniformity in flow rate and pressure distribution throughout all the final end channels.

[0079] Furthermore, compared to complex manifold structures, recursive Y-branching reduces the possibility of uneven fluid distribution, avoiding excessive flow in some channels ("short circuits") and insufficient or even stagnant flow in others ("dead zones"), thereby improving the overall system performance and consistency.

[0080] In summary, the cooling plate 20 of this embodiment exhibits high flow uniformity, high space utilization and compactness, excellent heat and mass transfer efficiency, and potential anti-clogging capability. It is ideally suited for applications requiring efficient thermal management, uniform response, and low flow resistance, such as heat sinks for cooling third-generation semiconductor power devices such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN).

[0081] In some embodiments, the diversion channels 25 are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the first inlet channel 231. Two second inlet channels 232 are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the first inlet channel 231. Two second outlet channels 242 are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the first inlet channel 231.

[0082] Therefore, after the cooling medium L enters from the inlet end, it forms a symmetrical flow path and a symmetrical pressure field and velocity field on both sides in the second direction Y, which further enhances the natural flow uniformity effect and ensures the symmetry and stability of the overall temperature distribution of the radiator 100.

[0083] In some embodiments, in the second direction Y, multiple first-level branch channels 251 are respectively provided on opposite sides of the first liquid inlet channel 231, and the multiple first-level branch channels 251 located on the same side of the first liquid inlet channel 231 are parallel to each other. Thus, the cooling plate 20 has multiple parallel first-level branch channels 251, which is beneficial to improving the space utilization and heat dissipation compactness of the cooling plate 20, thereby ensuring that the cooling medium L can quickly cover the entire heat-generating area.

[0084] In some embodiments, the plurality of first-level branch channels 251 include a first type of first-level branch channel T11, a second type of first-level branch channel T12, and a third type of first-level branch channel T13.

[0085] The first-stage branch channel T11 of the first type is directly connected between the second inlet channel 232 and the first outlet channel 241. The second-stage branch channel T12 of the second type is directly connected between the first inlet channel 231 and the first outlet channel 241. The third-stage branch channel T13 of the third type is directly connected between the first inlet channel 231 and the second outlet channel 242.

[0086] Thus, different types of first-stage branch channels 251 have different start and end positions, so that the edge and middle areas of the cooling plate 20 can be covered by the cooling medium L from the liquid inlet to the liquid outlet.

[0087] In some embodiments, the first-stage branch channel 251 is set at an acute angle relative to the extension direction of the liquid inlet channel 23 connected to it. The i-th-stage branch channel is set at an acute angle relative to the extension direction of the (i-1)-th-stage branch channel connected to it, where 2≤i≤N. This facilitates smoother turning and splitting of the cooling medium L at each branch point, avoiding the severe flow separation and eddy current generation that occur during right-angle or obtuse-angle splitting. This allows the fluid (whether gas or liquid) to turn and redistribute very smoothly and easily, reducing energy loss due to viscous dissipation and turbulence.

[0088] In some embodiments, the angle between the first-stage branch channel 251 and the extension direction of the liquid inlet channel 23 connected thereto is the same as the angle between the i-th stage branch channel and the extension direction of the (i-1)-th stage branch channel connected thereto, in order to simplify the fin layout.

[0089] For clarity, the extension directions of the first-stage branch channels 251 located on opposite sides of the first inlet channel 231 are defined as the fourth direction U and the fifth direction V, respectively. Since the branch channels 25 are symmetrically arranged about the first inlet channel 231, the angle α between the fourth direction U and the first direction X is equal to the angle α between the fifth direction and the first direction X, and both are acute angles.

[0090] In some embodiments, the included angle α and the included angle between the i-th level branch channel and the extension direction of the (i-1)-th level branch channel connected to it can be, but are not limited to, 37.4°, where 2≤i≤N.

[0091] In other embodiments, the angle between the first-level branch channel 251 and the extension direction of the liquid inlet channel 23 connected to it, and the angle between the i-th-level branch channel and the extension direction of the (i-1)-th-level branch channel connected to it, can be set according to parameters such as the overall size of the plate 21, the number of power devices 200, and the distribution of power devices 200, so that the maximum temperature of all power devices 200 reaches the minimum value.

[0092] Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, N equals 3. In other embodiments, N is an integer greater than 3, and can be set according to parameters such as the overall size of the board 21, the number of power devices 200, and the distribution of the power devices 200.

[0093] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view at point I. (See reference) Figure 4 The second-level branch channel 252 includes a first-class second-level branch channel T21 and a second-class second-level branch channel T22.

[0094] The first type of second-level branch flow channel T21 is parallel to the second direction Y. The second type of second-level branch flow channel T22 includes a first segment Q1 parallel to the first direction X and a second segment Q2 connecting the first segment Q1 and parallel to the first-level branch flow channel 251 on the same side.

[0095] Therefore, the first type of second-level branch channel T21 extends along the second direction Y, which is beneficial for lateral flow equalization. The second type of second-level branch channel T22 is connected by a first sub-segment Q1 and a second sub-segment Q2, which can enhance the flow splitting adaptability.

[0096] Two third-level branch channels 253 branch from the same second-level branch channel 252, one of which is parallel to the first direction X, and the other is parallel to the second direction Y. The third-level branch channel 253 parallel to the first direction X is hereinafter referred to as a first-type third-level branch channel T31. The third-level branch channel 253 parallel to the second direction Y is referred to as a second-type third-level branch channel T32.

[0097] In the above embodiments, after undergoing primary and secondary flow branching, the fluid can still be directionally distributed through the third-level branch channel 253. This three-level structure enables further flow uniformity and heat exchange coverage of the fluid at a finer spatial scale, effectively eliminating residual flow differences after the secondary branching. Furthermore, the third-level branch channel 253 has two types extending in different directions, allowing the fluid to form a more fractal recursive path network within the plate 21, enhancing the contact opportunities between the fluid and the fin surface 22, thereby further improving heat dissipation efficiency and temperature uniformity.

[0098] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram at point II. (See reference) Figure 5 The second-level branch channel 252 also includes a third type of second-level branch channel T23.

[0099] The third type of second-level branch flow channel T23 includes a third sub-segment Q3 parallel to the second direction Y and a fourth sub-segment Q4 connecting the third sub-segment Q3 and parallel to the first-level branch flow channel 251 on the same side. The third type of second-level branch flow channel T23 also achieves flow direction conversion and spatial adaptation through a two-segment structure.

[0100] Therefore, the different types of second-level branch channels 252 allow the fluid after the first-level branch channel 251 to be further distributed in different directions and along different paths, which helps to reduce excessive concentration or sparseness of local flow streams and enhances the adaptability to different heat source layouts.

[0101] The following are combined with the reference Figures 3 to 5 Explain the structure and distribution of each fin 22.

[0102] Fin 22 includes multiple main fins A. The multiple main fins A are arranged at intervals along the first direction X and define the boundary of the first liquid inlet channel 231.

[0103] Along the first direction X, multiple main fins A are distributed in pairs, and the spacing between each pair of main fins A in the second direction Y defines the width of the first liquid inlet channel 231. Along the flow direction of the cooling medium L in the first liquid inlet channel 231, the width of the first liquid inlet channel 231 gradually decreases.

[0104] This is beneficial for increasing the local flow velocity during the flow of the cooling medium L, enhancing the convective heat transfer intensity of the fluid to the main fin A and its adjacent area. At the same time, by matching the width reduction with the flow loss, it is beneficial for improving the pressure in the first liquid inlet channel 231, so that the cooling medium L maintains a high momentum before entering the flow distribution channel 25 and is more evenly distributed to each level of branch channel, thereby enhancing the heat dissipation performance and reducing the heat accumulation in the central liquid supply area.

[0105] In some embodiments, the projection of the outline of each main fin A defining the boundary of the first liquid inlet channel 231 onto the plate 21 is a straight line, and the line connecting the projections of the outlines of all the main fins A constituting the boundary of each side of the first liquid inlet channel 231 onto the plate 21 is a straight line.

[0106] In some embodiments, the width of the first inlet channel 231 gradually decreases from 2.5 mm to 0.9 mm in the direction from the inlet 12 to the outlet 13, but is not limited thereto.

[0107] In other embodiments, the width of the first liquid inlet channel 231 at different positions, the width ratio of the first liquid inlet channel 231 at different positions, and the amount of width variation of the first liquid inlet channel 231 are set according to parameters such as the overall size of the plate 21, the number of power devices 200, and the distribution of power devices 200, so that the maximum temperature of all power devices 200 reaches the minimum value.

[0108] In some embodiments, the width of the first inlet channel 231 decreases linearly from the inlet 12 to the outlet 13, but is not limited thereto.

[0109] In some embodiments, at the connection between the first liquid inlet channel 231 and the second liquid outlet channel 242, the side surface area of ​​a portion of the main fin A is configured to be smaller than the side surface area of ​​the main fin A at other locations.

[0110] In the above embodiments, by reducing the size of part of the main fin A in the connection area between the first liquid inlet channel 231 and the second liquid outlet channel 242, a space for the cooling medium L to flow through is formed in the connection area. This reduces blockage and congestion when the cooling medium L completes the connection between the inlet and outlet in the connection area, reduces the local back pressure and additional flow resistance at the junction, and avoids fluid stagnation or bypass flow caused by the excessively large side area of ​​the main fin A.

[0111] The fin 22 also includes a plurality of first peripheral fins B1. The plurality of first peripheral fins B1 are arranged at intervals along the second direction Y and define the boundary of the second liquid inlet channel 232.

[0112] In some embodiments, the distance between the plurality of first peripheral fins B1 and the edge of the plate 21 closest to them defines the width of the second liquid inlet channel 232. The width of the second liquid inlet channel 232 gradually decreases from the end closer to the first liquid inlet channel 231 to the end farther away from the first liquid inlet channel 231.

[0113] This allows the cooling medium L to gradually increase its velocity and momentum in the lateral channels as it is distributed from the first inlet channel 231 to the second inlet channels 232 on both sides. This makes it easier for the fluid to enter the corresponding first-stage branch channels 251 more evenly, reducing the problems of flow attenuation at the far end and insufficient liquid supply in the edge areas. At the same time, the tapering design of the second inlet channels 232 also helps to balance the pressure loss in the channels on both sides, reducing the risk of flow deviation, thereby improving the lateral flow uniformity of the entire cooling plate 20.

[0114] Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, the outer contour of the plate 21 is generally rectangular. The plate 21 includes a first edge 211 and a second edge 212 opposite each other along a first direction X, and a third edge 213 and a fourth edge 214 opposite each other along a second direction Y. The first edge 211 is closer to the liquid inlet end, and the second edge 212 is closer to the liquid outlet end. The first edge 211 and the second edge 212 are the shorter sides of the rectangle, and the third edge 213 and the fourth edge 214 are the longer sides of the rectangle.

[0115] The first peripheral fins B1 are arranged in a row along the second direction Y in the region of the plate 21 near the first edge 211. Among the multiple first peripheral fins B1, the distance between the first peripheral fins B1 and the first edge 211 is the largest at the corresponding first liquid inlet channel 231. The distance between the first peripheral fins B1 and the first edge 211 gradually decreases along the direction away from the first liquid inlet channel 231.

[0116] The fin 22 also includes a plurality of second peripheral fins B2. The plurality of second peripheral fins B2 are arranged at intervals along the first direction X and define the boundary of the first liquid outlet channel 241.

[0117] Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, some of the second peripheral fins B2 are arranged along the third edge 213 of the plate 21, and some of the second peripheral fins B2 are arranged along the fourth edge 214 of the plate 21. Furthermore, the plurality of second peripheral fins B2 are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the first liquid inlet channel 231. The distance between the plurality of second peripheral fins B2 and the edge of the plate 21 closest to them defines the width of the first liquid outlet channel 241. Along the flow direction of the cooling medium L in the first liquid outlet channel 241, the width of the first liquid outlet channel 241 gradually increases.

[0118] exist Figure 3In the embodiment shown, along the positive upward direction of the first direction X, the distance between the third edge 213 and the row of second peripheral fins B2 closest to it gradually increases, and the distance between the fourth edge 214 and the row of second peripheral fins B2 closest to it gradually increases.

[0119] This allows the cooling medium L, which gathers from the branch channels at all levels, to gradually expand its flow space during the liquid outlet stage. This helps reduce flow velocity fluctuations and local back pressure at the liquid outlet, and avoids excessive dynamic pressure impact and backflow disturbance in the confluence area, thus enabling the cooling medium L that has absorbed heat to be discharged more smoothly.

[0120] For ease of description, the area enclosed by the first edge 211, the third edge 213, the second edge 212, and the central axis of the first liquid inlet channel 231 in the plate body 21 is defined as the first region R1, and the area enclosed by the first edge 211, the fourth edge 214, the second edge 212, and the central axis of the first liquid inlet channel 231 is defined as the second region R2.

[0121] Fin 22 also includes multiple first sub-fins C1 and multiple second sub-fins C2.

[0122] Multiple first sub-fins C1 are arranged in an array of multiple rows and columns. The extension direction of each row of first sub-fins C1 is parallel to the direction of the first-stage branch flow channel 251 on the same side. Figure 3 In the first region R1, the first sub-fin C1 in each row is arranged along the fourth direction U; in the second region R2, the first sub-fin C1 in each row is arranged along the fifth direction V.

[0123] Multiple second sub-fins C2 are arranged in an array of multiple rows and columns. The extension direction of each row of second sub-fins C2 is parallel to the direction of the first-stage branch flow channel 251 on the same side. Figure 3 In the first region R1, the second sub-fins C2 in each row are arranged along the fourth direction U; in the second region R2, the second sub-fins C2 in each row are arranged along the fifth direction V.

[0124] Along the extension direction of the first-level branch channel 251 on the opposite side, each row of first sub-fins C1 and each row of second sub-fins C2 are arranged alternately. That is, in the first region R1, along the fifth direction V, each row of first sub-fins C1 and each row of second sub-fins C2 are arranged alternately; in the second region R2, along the fourth direction U, each row of first sub-fins C1 and each row of second sub-fins C2 are arranged alternately.

[0125] Multiple fins 22 are divided into multiple fin groups G. A first-level branch flow channel 251 is defined between any two adjacent fin groups G. Fin groups G in the first region R1 extend along the fourth direction U, and fin groups G in the second region R2 extend along the fifth direction V.

[0126] Based on the region where the fin group G is located in the plate 21 and the type of fin 22 in the fin group G, the fin group G includes a first type of fin group G1, a second type of fin group G2 and a third type of fin group G3.

[0127] The first-level branch flow channel 251 formed between any two adjacent first-class fin groups G1 is the first-class first-level branch flow channel T11. The first-class fin group G1 includes a first peripheral fin B1, a second peripheral fin B2, and a row of first sub-fins C1 and a row of second sub-fins C2 disposed between the first peripheral fin B1 and the second peripheral fin B2.

[0128] The first-level branch flow channel 251 formed between any two adjacent third-type fin groups G3 is the third-type first-level branch flow channel T13. The third-type fin group G3 includes a main fin A and a row of first sub-fins C1 and a row of second sub-fins C2 disposed between the main fin A and the second liquid outlet flow channel 242.

[0129] The area between the first fin group G1 and the third fin group is the second type of fin group G2. The first-level branch flow channel 251 formed between any two adjacent second-level fin groups G2, between a second-level fin group G2 and an adjacent first-level fin group G1, and between a second-level fin group G2 and an adjacent third-level fin group G3 is the second-level first-level branch flow channel T12.

[0130] The second type of fin group G2 includes a main fin A, a first peripheral fin B1, and a row of first sub-fins C1 and a row of second sub-fins C2 disposed between the main fin A and the first peripheral fin B1.

[0131] In the above embodiments, the combination of different types of fins 22 collectively defines the boundaries of different flow channels, making the geometric constraints of the fluid at each branch node more stable and the flow path closer to the natural uniform flow pattern of a biomimetic branch network. This, in turn, helps to improve the uniformity of the disturbance of the cooling medium L among the fins 22 and the consistency of heat transfer. In addition, the division of the fin group G is conducive to forming repeatable and scalable flow channel units, improving the ability of structural parametric design, and enabling the cooling plate 20 to flexibly adjust the heat dissipation capacity and flow resistance matching according to different power density requirements.

[0132] Fin 22 also includes multiple third sub-fins C3. The multiple third sub-fins C3 are arranged in an array, and the extension direction of each row of third sub-fins C3 is parallel to the direction of the first-level branch flow channel 251 on the same side. That is, in the first region R1, each row of third sub-fins C3 extends along the fourth direction U, and in the second region R2, each row of third sub-fins C3 extends along the fifth direction V.

[0133] At least some fin groups G (such as second type fin group G2, third type fin group G3 and part of first type fin group G1) also include a structure consisting of a row of third sub-fins C3, a row of first sub-fins C1 and a row of second sub-fins C2 arranged in sequence.

[0134] In some embodiments, the main fin A, the first peripheral fin B1, the second peripheral fin B2, the first sub-fin C1, and the second sub-fin C2 are all polygonal cross-section prisms, and each includes an outer side that is parallel to the first-level branch flow channel 251, the second-level branch flow channel 252, and the third-level branch flow channel 253, respectively. The corresponding sides of adjacent fins 22 jointly define the branch flow channels at each level.

[0135] Therefore, the boundaries of each level of branch flow channel match the geometry of the fin 22, and the outer surface of the polygonal cross-section column corresponds to the direction of each level of branch flow channel. This helps to form clear guiding and constraining surfaces within the flow channel, reducing local vortices caused by irregular surfaces, thereby improving fluid transport efficiency and heat transfer consistency. Moreover, each of the aforementioned fins 22 participates in the formation of at least three levels of branch flow channels, which is beneficial for achieving a compact layout of the cooling plate 20.

[0136] The third sub-fin C3 is a polygonal cross-section cylinder, and each includes an outer surface parallel to the first-level branch flow channel 251, the second-level branch flow channel 252 and the third-level branch flow channel 253, which together with the corresponding side surface of the adjacent fin 22 define the branch flow channels of each level.

[0137] In the above embodiments, the arrangement of the third sub-fin C3 makes the geometric transition between the various branch channels more refined, which is beneficial for supplementing the heat transfer area in specific regions and enhancing local disturbances, thereby improving the heat transfer coefficient. At the same time, this multi-layer sub-fin array structure enhances the controllability of the flow field distribution, enabling the cooling medium L to maintain a good flow uniformity and a low temperature gradient even after multiple branching stages.

[0138] Fin 22 also includes a plurality of fourth sub-fins C4. The fourth sub-fins C4 are arranged at intervals along the second direction Y adjacent to the first peripheral fin B1. The fourth sub-fins C4 are polygonal cross-section prisms and include sides for defining the third type second-stage branch flow channel T23.

[0139] In the above embodiments, the arrangement of the fourth sub-fin C4 further enhances the integrity of the flow channel boundary in the region adjacent to the second liquid inlet channel 232. Furthermore, since the fourth sub-fin C4 is arranged close to the first peripheral fin B1, it can form a more stable fluid guiding surface in the lateral liquid supply area, which helps reduce fluid circumvention in the edge region, thereby improving the flow splitting accuracy of the third type of second-stage branch channel T23. Moreover, the arrangement of the fourth sub-fin C4 also helps increase the heat exchange surface area near the edge of the plate 21, making it less likely for high temperature points to form in the boundary region and improving the temperature uniformity of the entire cooling plate 20.

[0140] In some embodiments, the main fin A is a hexagonal cross-section prism; the first peripheral fin B1 is a heptagonal cross-section prism; the second peripheral fin B2 is a quadrilateral cross-section prism; the first sub-fin C1 is a pentagonal cross-section prism; the second sub-fin C2 is a heptagonal cross-section prism; the third sub-fin C3 is a triangular cross-section prism; and the fourth sub-fin C4 is a quadrilateral cross-section prism. Each outer surface of each fin 22 corresponds to the boundary of the liquid inlet channel 23, the liquid outlet channel 24, or the branch channels at each level.

[0141] In the above embodiments, different types of fins 22 perform different functions in the construction of spatial boundaries, which facilitates more flexible setting of parameters such as the bifurcation position, bifurcation angle, and bifurcation length of each level of branch flow channel. Furthermore, polygonal cross-section columns with different numbers of sides can adapt to different flow directions and different flow channel levels through the combination of their outer surfaces, which is beneficial for forming acute-angle bifurcation and smooth transition, as well as for forming a more reasonable fluid guidance and heat exchange interface in local areas.

[0142] Combined with parameters Figure 3 , Figure 4 The main fin A is a hexagonal cross-section prism. The six outer surfaces of the main fin A sequentially define the boundaries of the first liquid inlet channel 231, the first-level branch channel 251, the first type of second-level branch channel T21, the first type of third-level branch channel T31, the second sub-segment Q2 of the same second type of second-level branch channel T22, and the first sub-segment Q1.

[0143] The first sub-fin C1 is a pentagonal cross-section prism. The five outer surfaces of the first sub-fin C1 are defined in the following order along the circumference: the boundary of the first sub-segment Q1 and the boundary of the second sub-segment Q2 of the same second-class second-level branch flow channel T22, the boundary of the first-class third-level branch flow channel T31, the boundary of the first sub-segment Q1 of another second-class second-level branch flow channel T22, and the boundary of the first-level branch flow channel 251.

[0144] The second sub-fin C2 is a column with a heptagonal cross-section. The seven outer side surfaces of the second sub-fin C2 sequentially define, in the circumferential direction: the boundary of the first type of third-level branch flow channel T31, the boundary of the first-level branch flow channel 251, the boundary of the first type of second-level branch flow channel T21, the boundary of another first type of third-level branch flow channel T31, the boundary of the second sub-segment Q2 and the first sub-segment Q1 of the same second type of second-level branch flow channel T22, and the boundary of the second type of third-level branch flow channel T32.

[0145] The third sub-fin C3 is a column with a triangular cross-section. The three outer side surfaces of the third sub-fin C3 sequentially define, in the circumferential direction: the boundary of the first-level branch flow channel 251, the boundary of the first type of third-level branch flow channel T31, and the boundary of the first type of second-level branch flow channel T21.

[0146] Refer Figure 5 , the fourth sub-fin C4 is a column with a quadrilateral cross-section. The four outer side surfaces of the fourth sub-fin C4 sequentially define, in the circumferential direction: the boundary of the first-level branch flow channel 251, the boundary of the first type of third-level branch flow channel T31, the boundary of the fourth sub-segment Q4 and the third sub-segment Q3 in the same third type of second-level branch flow channel T23.

[0147] The first peripheral fin B1 is a column with a heptagonal cross-section. The seven outer side surfaces of the first peripheral fin B1 sequentially define, in the circumferential direction: the boundary of the first-level branch flow channel 251, the boundary of the third sub-segment Q3 and the fourth sub-segment Q4 in the same third type of second-level branch flow channel T23, the boundary of the second type of third-level branch flow channel T32, the boundary of the first sub-segment Q1 of the second type of second-level branch flow channel T22, the boundary of another first-level branch flow channel 251, and the boundary of the second liquid inlet flow channel 232.

[0148] The second peripheral fin B2 is a column with a quadrilateral cross-section. The four outer side surfaces of the second peripheral fin B2 sequentially define the boundary of the first type of third-level branch flow channel T31, the boundary of the first-level branch flow channel 251, the boundary of the first liquid outlet flow channel 241, and the boundary of the second type of third-level branch flow channel T32.

[0149] For the first type of first-level branch flow channel T11 at non-outermost corner positions, among the two opposite side walls of the first type of first-level branch flow channel T11: one side wall is defined by the first peripheral fin B1, the fourth sub-fin C4, the second sub-fin C2, the third sub-fin C3, and the second peripheral fin B2; the other side wall is defined by the first peripheral fin B1 and the first sub-fin C1.

[0150] Refer Figure 3For the first-class first-level branch flow channel T11 at the far corner, of the two opposite sidewalls of the first-class first-level branch flow channel T11: one sidewall is defined by the first peripheral fin B1, the fourth sub-fin C4, and the second peripheral fin B2; the other sidewall is defined by the first peripheral fin B1 and the first sub-fin C1.

[0151] As the distance between the first-level branch flow channel T11 and the corner of the nearest adjacent plate 21 increases, the length of the first-level branch flow channel T11 increases, and the number of the second sub-fins C2 and the third sub-fins C3, as well as the number of the first sub-fins C1, that define its sidewall surface increases.

[0152] For the second type of first-level branch flow channel T12, the lengths of each second type of first-level branch flow channel T12 are the same.

[0153] In the two opposing sidewalls of the second first-level branch flow channel T12 between the first type of fin group G1 and the adjacent second type of fin group G2: one sidewall is defined by the first peripheral fin B1, the fourth sub-fin C4, the second sub-fin C2, the third sub-fin C3 and the second peripheral fin B2; the other sidewall is defined by a plurality of first sub-fins C1.

[0154] In the two opposing sidewalls of the second type first-level branch flow channel T12 between two adjacent second type fin groups G2: one sidewall is defined by the main fin A, the alternately distributed third sub-fins C3 and second sub-fins C2, and the second peripheral fin B2; the other sidewall is defined by multiple first sub-fins C1.

[0155] In the two opposing sidewalls of the second first-level branch flow channel T12 between the third type fin group G3 and the adjacent second type fin group G2, one sidewall is defined by the main fin A, the alternately distributed third sub-fins C3 and second sub-fins C2, and the second peripheral fin B2; the other sidewall is defined by a plurality of first sub-fins C1.

[0156] As the distance between the third type of first-level branch flow channel T13 and the corner of the nearest adjacent plate 21 increases, the length of the third type of first-level branch flow channel T13 decreases, and the number of the second sub-fins C2 and the third sub-fins C3, as well as the number of the first sub-fins C1, that limit its sidewall surface decreases.

[0157] The boundary of the first type of second-level branch channel T21 is jointly defined by the third sub-fin C3 and the main fin A or the second sub-fin C2 opposite to it.

[0158] The boundary of the first segment Q1 of the second-level branch channel T22 of the second type is defined by the following surfaces: the first sub-fin C1 and the main fin A opposite thereto, or the first sub-fin C1 and another first sub-fin C1 and second sub-fin C2 opposite thereto.

[0159] The boundary of the second sub-segment Q2 of the second-level branch flow channel T22 is defined by the following surfaces: the first sub-fin C1 and the main fin A opposite thereto, or the first sub-fin C1 and the second sub-fin C2 opposite thereto.

[0160] The boundary of the third sub-segment Q3 of the third-class second-level branch channel T23 is defined by the following surfaces: the first peripheral fin B1 and the fourth sub-fin C4 opposite it.

[0161] The boundary of the fourth sub-segment Q4 of the third-class second-level branch channel T23 is defined by the following surfaces: the first peripheral fin B1 and the fourth sub-fin C4 opposite to it.

[0162] The boundary of the first type third-level branch channel T31 is defined by the following surfaces: main fin A and its opposite second sub-fin C2; or, second sub-fin C2 and its opposite another second sub-fin C2; or, second sub-fin C2 and its opposite second peripheral fin B2; or, fourth sub-fin C4 and its opposite second sub-fin C2; or, fourth sub-fin C4 and its opposite second peripheral fin B2.

[0163] The boundary of the second-class third-level branch channel T32 is defined below: a first sub-fin C1 and a second sub-fin C2 opposite thereto; or, a first sub-fin C1 and a second peripheral fin B2 opposite thereto; or, a first peripheral fin B1 and a second sub-fin C2 opposite thereto; or, a first peripheral fin B1 and a second peripheral fin B2 opposite thereto.

[0164] In other embodiments, the shape of each fin 22 is not limited to this. The number of corresponding sides, the included angle between adjacent sides, and the length of the sides of each fin 22 can be adjusted according to parameters such as the number of bifurcation levels, bifurcation angle, and bifurcation length of each flow channel.

[0165] In some embodiments, adjacent sides of each fin 22 are connected by a rounded transition. For the fluid, the rounded transition helps reduce the probability of flow separation and vortex generation at the bifurcation point, allowing the cooling medium L to maintain a smoother streamline transition when passing through the flow channel defined by the polygonal cross-section cylinder, thereby reducing local pressure drop and flow noise. For the structure of each fin 22, the rounded transition can also reduce thermal and mechanical stress concentration at the corners of the fin 22, improving the durability and reliability of the cooling plate 20 under thermal cycling conditions.

[0166] In some embodiments, the radius of the fillet between adjacent sides of each fin 22 may be, but is not limited to, 0.3 mm.

[0167] In some embodiments, the main fin A is a hexagonal cross-section prism, and the lengths of its six sides projected onto the plate 21 along the circumference are, but not limited to: 7.02 mm, 0.85 mm, 1.49 mm, 1.04 mm, 3 mm, and 3.83 mm.

[0168] In some embodiments, the first sub-fin C1 is a pentagonal cross-section prism, and the lengths of its five sides projected onto the plate 21 along the circumference are, but not limited to: 1.98mm, 2.74mm, 0.5mm, 1.33mm, and 3.57mm.

[0169] In some embodiments, the second sub-fin C2 is a heptagonal cross-section prism, and the lengths of its seven sides projected onto the plate 21 along the circumference are, but not limited to: 4mm, 1.48mm, 1.39mm, 1.32mm, 2.83mm, 1.25mm, and 0.25mm.

[0170] In other embodiments, the size of each fin 22 can be set according to parameters such as the overall size of the plate 21, the number of power devices 200, and the distribution of power devices 200, so that the maximum temperature of all power devices 200 reaches the minimum value.

[0171] In some embodiments, the references Figure 6 Along the flow direction of the cooling medium L in the first liquid inlet channel 231 (i.e., positive upward of the first direction X), the distribution density of the fins 22 is configured to gradually increase.

[0172] If all fins 22 are set at the same density, the flow rate of the cooling medium is roughly the same everywhere, but the temperature of the cooling medium L near the outlet is higher. Therefore, the temperature of the power devices near the outlet is usually the highest, and the temperature of the power devices near the inlet is the lowest.

[0173] Therefore, by reducing the density of the flow channels near the inlet and increasing the density of the flow channels near the outlet, the cooling medium gradually faces a denser distribution of fins 22 as it flows through the fluid channels. This enhances the local convective heat transfer capacity in areas where the heat load gradually concentrates, thus finding a temperature equilibrium point. Furthermore, by reducing the density of the flow channels near the inlet, the pressure near the inlet is also reduced.

[0174] In some embodiments, in Figure 3 Based on the illustrated embodiment, the distribution density of each fin 22 can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of fin pairs consisting of a first sub-fin C1 and a second sub-fin C2 opposite to it.

[0175] In some embodiments, Figure 3 The third sub-fin C3 shown can be omitted.

[0176] Figure 7 Figure (a) is a flow path cloud diagram of the power device of the power module in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 Figure (b) is a flow channel cloud diagram of the cooling plate of the power module in an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 Figure (a) in the figure is a flow channel diagram of the power device in the power module of the related technology; Figure 8 Figure (b) in the figure is a flow channel cloud diagram of the cooling plate of the power module of the related technology. Figure 8 In diagram (b), the fins 22' of the cooling plate 20' are cylindrical. Figure 7 power modules and Figure 8 The power modules simulate temperature comparisons under the same power consumption conditions.

[0177] Depend on Figure 7 and Figure 8 As can be seen, when comparing temperatures under the same power consumption, the highest temperature in this embodiment of the application is reduced from 161°C in the related technology to 149°C, a decrease of about 8%.

[0178] As can be seen from theoretical analysis and experimental data, compared with the traditional cylindrical fin flow channel design commonly used in related technologies, the power module with a biomimetic (lung Y-shaped) flow channel in this embodiment achieves superior heat dissipation performance. Under the same operating conditions and boundary conditions, the maximum operating temperature of the power module using this biomimetic flow channel can achieve a significant reduction of approximately 8%. This reduction in temperature directly translates into effective mitigation of thermal stress and a substantial improvement in module reliability, providing a novel and efficient solution to the thermal management challenges of high-power SiC power modules.

[0179] In summary, the heat sink of this application embodiment, by introducing a Y-shaped biomimetic flow channel similar to a lung structure, helps to reduce the operating temperature of the power module under high load conditions, thereby allowing the power module to operate stably at higher power. This not only improves the power density and working efficiency of the power module, but also significantly extends the service life of the power module, comprehensively enhancing the reliability and overall performance of the power module.

[0180] This application also provides an electrical device (not shown). The electrical device includes the power module described above.

[0181] In some embodiments, the power equipment further includes an input module and an output module. The input module is used to receive external power, and the power module is used to convert the external power and supply power to the load through the output module. The power equipment can be, but is not limited to, a motor controller or on-board charger for electric vehicles, a photovoltaic inverter or photovoltaic optimizer for photovoltaic systems, a converter or power converter for energy storage systems, or a power supply device for data centers or communication equipment, etc.

[0182] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application and are not intended to limit it. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions to the technical solutions of this application should not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of this application.

Claims

1. A cooling plate, characterized in that, The plate includes a plate body and a plurality of fins disposed on the plate body, the plate body and the plurality of fins together defining a fluid channel, the fluid channel including: The liquid inlet channel includes a first liquid inlet channel extending along a first direction and two second liquid inlet channels extending from the first liquid inlet channel to both sides along a second direction, wherein the second direction intersects the first direction. Two liquid outlet channels, each liquid outlet channel including a first liquid outlet channel extending along the first direction and a second liquid outlet channel connecting to the first liquid outlet channel and extending along the second direction; the two first liquid outlet channels are respectively located on opposite sides of the first liquid inlet channel in the second direction; the downstream of the second liquid inlet channel located on the same side as the first liquid inlet channel is connected to the upstream of the first liquid outlet channel; each second liquid outlet channel and its corresponding second liquid inlet channel are arranged opposite to each other in the first direction; and A diversion channel connects the inlet channel to the at least one outlet channel; The flow channel includes an N-level branching structure defined by the plurality of fins, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2; the N-level branching structure includes a first-level branch flow channel and an i-th-level branch flow channel formed by its progressive branching, where 2≤i≤N; The first-stage branch channel connects the inlet channel and the outlet channel; The i-th level branch channel is formed by the branching of the (i-1)-th level branch channel and merges into the first level branch channel or is directly connected to the liquid outlet channel.

2. The cooling plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Along the flow direction of the cooling medium in the first inlet channel, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the first inlet channel gradually decreases; and / or, Along the flow direction of the cooling medium in the first outlet channel, the flow cross-sectional area of ​​each first outlet channel gradually increases.

3. The cooling plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The flow cross-sectional area of ​​each second inlet channel gradually decreases from the end closest to the first inlet channel to the end furthest from the first inlet channel.

4. The cooling plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The diversion channels are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the first inlet channel; and / or The two second inlet channels are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the first inlet channel; and / or, The two second liquid outlet channels are symmetrically distributed about the central axis of the first liquid inlet channel.

5. The cooling plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first-stage branch channel is set at an acute angle to the extension direction of the liquid inlet channel connected to it; The i-th level branch channel is set at an acute angle relative to the extension direction of the (i-1)-th level branch channel connected to it.

6. The cooling plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the second direction, multiple first-level branch channels are respectively provided on both sides of the first liquid inlet channel, and the multiple first-level branch channels located on the same side of the first liquid inlet channel are parallel to each other.

7. The cooling plate as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Multiple first-level branch channels include: The first type of first-level branch flow channel is directly connected between the second inlet flow channel and the first outlet flow channel; The second type of first-level branch channel is directly connected between the first inlet channel and the first outlet channel; and The third type of first-level branch channel is directly connected between the first inlet channel and the second outlet channel.

8. The cooling plate as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The plurality of fins includes: Multiple main fins are arranged at intervals along the first direction and define the two side boundaries of the first liquid inlet channel; Multiple first peripheral fins define the boundary of the second liquid inlet channel; Multiple second peripheral fins define the boundary of the first liquid outlet channel; Multiple first sub-fins and multiple second sub-fins are arranged in an array; Along the extension direction of the first-level branch flow channel on the opposite side, each row of the first sub-fins and each row of the second sub-fins are arranged alternately. The plurality of fins are divided into a plurality of fin groups; a first-stage branch flow channel is defined between any two adjacent fin groups; the fin group includes: The first type of fin group includes the first peripheral fin, the second peripheral fin, and a row of the first sub-fin and a row of the second sub-fin disposed between the first peripheral fin and the second peripheral fin; The second type of fin group includes the main fin, the first peripheral fin, and a row of first sub-fins and a row of second sub-fins disposed between the main fin and the first peripheral fin; and The third type of fin group includes the main fin and a row of first sub-fins and a row of second sub-fins disposed between the main fin and the second liquid outlet channel.

9. The cooling plate as described in claim 8, characterized in that, Along the first direction, the plurality of main fins are distributed in pairs, and the spacing of each pair of main fins in the second direction defines the width of the first liquid inlet channel; Along the flow direction of the cooling medium in the first inlet channel, the width of the first inlet channel gradually decreases.

10. The cooling plate as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The distance between the plurality of second peripheral fins and the edge of the plate closest to them defines the width of the first liquid outlet channel; Along the flow direction of the cooling medium in the first outlet channel, the width of the first outlet channel gradually increases.

11. The cooling plate as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that, The distance between the plurality of first peripheral fins and the edge of the plate closest to them defines the width of the second inlet channel; The width of the second inlet channel gradually decreases from the end closest to the first inlet channel to the end furthest from the first inlet channel.

12. The cooling plate as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that, Multiple secondary branch channels include: The first type of second-level branch flow channel is parallel to the second direction; The second type of second-level branch channel includes a first sub-segment parallel to the first direction and a second sub-segment connecting the first sub-segment and parallel to the first-level branch channel on the same side; The third type of second-level branch channel includes a third sub-segment parallel to the second direction and a fourth sub-segment connecting the third sub-segment and parallel to the first-level branch channel on the same side.

13. The cooling plate as described in claim 12, characterized in that, The N is equal to 3; two third-level branch channels branching from the same second-level branch channel, one of which is parallel to the first direction and the other of which is parallel to the second direction.

14. The cooling plate as described in claim 13, characterized in that, The main fin, the first peripheral fin, the second peripheral fin, the first sub-fin, and the second sub-fin are all polygonal cross-section prisms, and each includes an outer side that is parallel to the first-level branch flow channel, the second-level branch flow channel, and the third-level branch flow channel, respectively. The corresponding sides of adjacent fins together define the branch flow channels at each level.

15. The cooling plate as described in claim 14, characterized in that, The plurality of fins also includes a plurality of third sub-fins arranged in an array; The third sub-fin is a polygonal cross-section prism, and each includes an outer side surface that is parallel to the first-level branch flow channel, the second-level branch flow channel and the third-level branch flow channel, respectively, for jointly defining the branch flow channels of each level with the corresponding side surface of the adjacent fin; At least part of the fin group also includes a structure consisting of a row of the third sub-fin, a row of the first sub-fin, and a row of the second sub-fin arranged in sequence.

16. The cooling plate as described in claim 15, characterized in that, The first type of fin group also includes a plurality of fourth sub-fins, which are arranged adjacent to the first peripheral fins; The fourth sub-fin is a polygonal cross-section cylinder and includes a side surface for defining the third type of second-level branch flow channel.

17. The cooling plate as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that, The main fin is a hexagonal cross-section prism; The first outer fin is a heptagonal cross-section prism; The second outer fin is a prism with a quadrilateral cross-section; The first sub-fin is a pentagonal cross-section prism; The second sub-fin is a heptagonal cross-section prism; The third sub-fin is a triangular cross-section prism; The fourth sub-fin is a prism with a quadrilateral cross-section; Each outer surface of the fin corresponds to the boundary of the liquid inlet channel, the liquid outlet channel, or the branch channels at each level.

18. The cooling plate as claimed in claim 17, characterized in that, The adjacent two sides of each fin are connected by a rounded corner transition.

19. The cooling plate according to any one of claims 8 to 18, characterized in that, At the connection between the first inlet channel and the second outlet channel, the side surface area of ​​a portion of the main fins is configured to be smaller than the side surface area of ​​the main fins at other locations.

20. The cooling plate according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that, Along the flow direction of the cooling medium in the first inlet channel, the distribution density of the fins is configured to gradually increase.

21. A radiator, characterized in that, include: The housing has a receiving space, a liquid inlet and at least one liquid outlet, wherein the liquid inlet and the at least one liquid outlet are both connected to the receiving space; as well as The cooling plate as described in any one of claims 1 to 20 is mounted on the housing; The plurality of fins are housed in the receiving space, the liquid inlet channel is connected to the liquid inlet, and the at least one liquid outlet channel is correspondingly connected to the at least one liquid outlet.

22. A power module, characterized in that, include: The heat sink as described in claim 21; as well as Power devices are mounted on the board.

23. An electrical device, characterized in that, Includes the power module as described in claim 22.

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