An alga-removing unmanned ship prevention and control system based on a 222 nm mercury-free light source far ultraviolet lamp and a combined process thereof

Abstract

An unmanned surface vessel (USV) system for algae control, based on 222nm mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamps and their combined processes, belongs to the field of water environment management technology. Addressing the issues of delayed response to cyanobacterial blooms in water sources, limited treatment capacity of existing mobile devices with closed reactors, and single-parameter control, the system uses an USV as its platform, integrating a 222nm mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp matrix, an automatic dosing unit, and an intelligent sensing and adaptive control module. The mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp matrix adopts an open structure, directly immersed in the water body for large-area in-situ irradiation; the intelligent sensing and adaptive control module collects multi-dimensional parameters such as algal density, chlorophyll a, and algal toxins in real time; the central control system incorporates a built-in PID multi-parameter coupling model to dynamically adjust the irradiation intensity and dosing dosage, using algal toxin concentration as the feedback endpoint to form a closed-loop control. It possesses advantages such as wide-area in-situ coverage, high efficiency, mercury-free environmental protection, and on-demand intelligent energy saving, making it suitable for routine operation and maintenance and emergency response in lake and reservoir-type water sources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water environment management technology, and in particular relates to an algae control unmanned vessel system based on a 222nm mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp and its combination process, which is suitable for in-situ control of cyanobacterial blooms, degradation of algal toxins, and routine ecological operation and maintenance of water bodies. Background Technology

[0002] Eutrophication in lakes and reservoirs frequently triggers cyanobacterial blooms, posing a serious threat to drinking water safety. Existing cyanobacterial control technologies mostly employ traditional fixed water treatment equipment, which suffers from technical bottlenecks such as slow response times, limited water coverage, and difficulty in achieving rapid in-situ treatment. Traditional chemical algaecides often carry the potential risks of disinfection byproducts, limiting ecological safety. Furthermore, the lack of precise dosing mechanisms results in low agent utilization, leading to high treatment costs and resource waste. Therefore, developing a highly mobile, green, and efficient in-situ algae control system is of significant practical importance.

[0003] In recent years, while unmanned surface vessel (USV) technology has seen some application in water quality monitoring, its functions are mostly limited to water quality data collection, lacking the ability to integrate efficient disinfection processes into a closed-loop treatment capability. Especially for drinking water sources with severe eutrophication, how to construct an intelligent mobile platform integrating autonomous navigation, precise positioning, and green physical / chemical synergistic treatment remains a key issue urgently needing to be addressed in the field of water environment management. Although some mobile treatment devices have attempted to integrate ultraviolet and hydrogen peroxide technologies onto the hull, such as CN114380438A which discloses an in-situ mobile water treatment device and method, employing a shipborne hydrogen peroxide dosing module and an ultraviolet treatment module to achieve mobile treatment, these existing technologies still have the following shortcomings:

[0004] 1. Environmental and safety issues of ultraviolet light sources: Traditional ultraviolet treatment devices use mercury-containing ultraviolet light sources such as low-pressure mercury lamps and medium-pressure mercury lamps, which pose a risk of mercury pollution. In addition, mercury lamps have a short lifespan and high equipment maintenance costs. At the same time, conventional ultraviolet wavelengths such as 254nm are highly harmful to human skin and eyes, which limits their widespread application in open water bodies.

[0005] 2. Limitations of the treatment structure: Existing mobile treatment devices (such as CN114380438A) design the ultraviolet treatment module as a closed irradiation chamber. Water must enter the irradiation chamber through a water collection and filtration structure, complete the irradiation, and then be discharged by guide blades. This closed structure limits the treatment flow rate, making it difficult to achieve efficient in-situ coverage of large water areas. Furthermore, the filtration device is prone to clogging, increasing the maintenance burden.

[0006] 3. Limited control methods and lack of closed-loop intelligence: Existing technologies rely solely on single-parameter monitoring using chlorophyll probes, adjusting hydrogen peroxide dosage based on chlorophyll concentration, and cannot obtain real-time information on algal toxin concentration. Therefore, dynamic optimization of treatment intensity is impossible, and intelligent determination of the treatment endpoint is lacking, easily leading to energy and reagent waste, and the treatment effect lacks real-time feedback assurance.

[0007] Therefore, how to construct a mobile platform that integrates autonomous navigation, real-time multi-parameter sensing, and intelligent closed-loop treatment with synergistic ultraviolet and chemical agents, and can achieve open, large-scale in-situ irradiation, remains a key issue that urgently needs to be addressed in the field of water environment management. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies for controlling cyanobacterial blooms in water sources, such as the slow response of fixed equipment, limited coverage, difficulty in achieving rapid in-situ treatment, and the limited processing flow of existing mobile ultraviolet treatment devices (such as CN114380438A) due to their closed structure, risk of pollution from mercury-containing light sources, and high energy and chemical consumption due to single-parameter open-loop control. This invention provides an unmanned vessel control system for algae removal based on a 222nm mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp and its combined process, enabling intelligent, green, in-situ, and efficient control of cyanobacterial blooms in lake and reservoir water sources.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0010] An algae control unmanned vessel system based on a 222nm mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp and its combined process includes an unmanned vessel platform, a far-ultraviolet processing unit, an automatic dosing unit, an intelligent sensing and adaptive control module, and a central control system.

[0011] The unmanned vessel platform, as a mobile carrier, has dual-mode control functions of autonomous cruising and remote control.

[0012] The far-ultraviolet processing unit is located at the bottom of the unmanned vessel and uses a 222nm mercury-free far-ultraviolet light source to form a mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp matrix, creating an open underwater irradiation area. It does not require a closed irradiation chamber or a pre-filter structure and is used to directly irradiate and inactivate cyanobacteria in the water.

[0013] The automatic dosing unit and the far-ultraviolet treatment unit are arranged in a modular manner. The automatic dosing unit is used to accurately add oxidizing agents and forms a synergistic disinfection system with the far-ultraviolet treatment unit.

[0014] The intelligent sensing and adaptive control module integrates multi-parameter water quality sensors to collect and process water quality data acquired by the sensors in real time, including key water quality indicators such as algal density, chlorophyll a and algal toxin concentration, so as to realize multi-dimensional real-time perception of water pollution status.

[0015] The central control system is electrically connected to the unmanned vessel platform, the far-ultraviolet processing unit, the automatic dosing unit, and the intelligent sensing and adaptive control module, respectively, to construct a closed-loop control system with multi-parameter perception, intelligent decision-making, precise execution, and effect feedback, which is used to control the coordinated operation of each unit according to the preset cruise path or remote command.

[0016] Furthermore, when the far-ultraviolet treatment unit works in conjunction with the automatic dosing unit, the 222nm far-ultraviolet light directly destroys the nucleic acid and protein structure of cyanobacteria cells. At the same time, the far-ultraviolet light activates the oxidizing agent to generate highly oxidizing active species such as hydroxyl radicals. Through the dual synergistic mechanism of direct ultraviolet inactivation and deep oxidation by free radicals, efficient inactivation of cyanobacteria and deep degradation of algal toxins are achieved.

[0017] Furthermore, the intelligent control model is a multi-parameter coupled model based on the PID control algorithm. This model uses real-time collected algal density and chlorophyll a concentration as the main inputs to characterize the degree of algal bloom. The model output is connected to the power controller of the far-ultraviolet treatment unit and the metering pump of the automatic dosing unit, respectively. The PID controller dynamically adjusts the driving current or pulse width modulation (PWM) duty cycle of the mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp matrix based on the weighted output of the proportional, integral, and derivative components, combined with the multi-parameter coupled calculation results of algal density, chlorophyll a, and algal toxins. This changes the ultraviolet output irradiation intensity and synchronously adjusts the dosing frequency and dosage of the metering pump in the automatic dosing unit, achieving coordinated adaptation between ultraviolet irradiation dose and drug dosage, and optimizing the actual disinfection dose in the water body.

[0018] Furthermore, the central control system is configured to support both autonomous cruise and remote control modes, enabling the unmanned vessel platform to perform grid-based cruise operations according to a preset path.

[0019] Furthermore, the 222nm mercury-free far-ultraviolet light source in the far-ultraviolet processing unit is externally fitted with a high-transmittance quartz sleeve (i.e., a protective device); the far-ultraviolet processing unit as a whole is installed at the bottom of the unmanned vessel platform via an electric lifting mechanism; the central control system can drive the electric lifting mechanism to adjust the water immersion depth of the mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp matrix based on the ultraviolet transmittance or preset processing depth measured by the intelligent sensing and adaptive control module.

[0020] Furthermore, the power module and ultraviolet lamp module of the far-ultraviolet processing unit, the automatic dosing unit, and the intelligent sensing and adaptive control module are respectively installed on the unmanned vessel platform via standardized quick-change bases; the quick-change base includes a guide dovetail groove, an elastic locking mechanism, and a waterproof quick-connect electrical connector to enable independent and rapid assembly and disassembly of each module.

[0021] Furthermore, the mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp matrix of the far-ultraviolet processing unit does not have a closed irradiation chamber or a flow guiding mechanism. The mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp matrix is ​​directly exposed to the target water body in the working state, and relies on the movement of the unmanned vessel platform to achieve dynamic scanning irradiation of different water layers.

[0022] Furthermore, the 222nm mercury-free far-ultraviolet light source is a mercury-free excimer ultraviolet lamp, eliminating the risk of mercury pollution. The 222nm far-ultraviolet band only acts on aquatic microbial cells, causing no harm to human skin or eyes, making it suitable for open-air water operations. The 222nm far-ultraviolet light can directly destroy the nucleic acid and protein structures of cyanobacteria cells, achieving algal cell inactivation. Simultaneously, it can activate hydrogen peroxide agents in the water, efficiently generating highly reactive hydroxyl radicals. Through a dual synergistic mechanism of direct ultraviolet inactivation and deep free radical oxidation, cyanobacteria inactivation and complete degradation of algal toxins are achieved simultaneously.

[0023] Furthermore, the mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp matrix of the far-ultraviolet treatment unit adopts an array-type arrangement structure, which can automatically adjust the immersion depth according to the water depth. The normal operation immersion depth is 0.2-0.5m, which is suitable for the aggregation and growth characteristics of surface cyanobacteria. The open irradiation structure has no water flow restriction, which can realize large flow and large area in-situ water disinfection, and completely avoid the problem of filter structure clogging.

[0024] Furthermore, the central control system incorporates an intelligent control model, using algal density, chlorophyll a concentration, and algal toxin concentration as the core control parameters, abandoning the traditional single-parameter control mode. When the concentration of algal toxins in the water is detected to be higher than the drinking water safety threshold, the ultraviolet irradiation power and the dosage of the agent are automatically increased. When the water quality parameters fall back to the safety standard and the parameters tend to stabilize, the intelligent system determines that the treatment is complete, gradually reduces the power, and stops the dosing, achieving precise operation of stopping the treatment as soon as the standard is met.

[0025] Furthermore, the dosage of the automatic dosing unit is dynamically matched with the ultraviolet irradiation power and the concentration of algal pollution in the water, avoiding resource waste and secondary impact on the water caused by excessive dosing of chemicals.

[0026] Furthermore, the unmanned vessel platform has a built-in positioning module and path planning module, which can autonomously plan a gridded patrol path based on historical algal bloom areas and real-time sensor data, and prioritize inspection and treatment of key areas prone to algal blooms such as water intakes, bays, and shoals.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the technical solution of the present invention are:

[0028] 1. Open-type large-scale in-situ treatment: This invention combines a 222nm mercury-free far-ultraviolet light source with an unmanned vessel platform. By utilizing the high mobility of the unmanned vessel, it can achieve in-situ rapid response and mobile treatment of cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic water bodies, overcoming the technical defects of traditional fixed equipment, such as limited coverage and slow response.

[0029] 2. Continuous adjustable ultraviolet irradiation: This invention constructs a dual synergistic treatment mechanism of direct ultraviolet inactivation and deep free radical oxidation through the modular integrated design of the far-ultraviolet treatment unit and the automatic dosing unit, simultaneously achieving the inactivation of cyanobacteria and the deep degradation of algal toxins, with a treatment efficiency significantly higher than that of a single treatment method.

[0030] 3. Multi-parameter closed-loop intelligent control: This invention is the first to integrate multi-parameter water quality sensors and an intelligent control model into an unmanned vessel algae removal system, establishing a closed-loop control system with real-time perception, intelligent decision-making, and precise execution. Compared to the traditional timed and quantitative mode, it can dynamically adjust the treatment intensity according to the actual pollution level of the water area, significantly reducing energy consumption and reagent waste, and has outstanding advantages in intelligence and energy saving.

[0031] 4. Green, environmentally friendly and safe: This invention uses a 222nm mercury-free far-ultraviolet light source, eliminating the mercury pollution risks of traditional mercury-based ultraviolet lamps. The light source has low power consumption and long service life, while avoiding the disinfection byproducts and secondary pollution risks of traditional chemical algaecides. It has significant advantages in green, environmentally friendly and low-carbon operation.

[0032] 5. Ease of operation and practicality: This invention supports both autonomous cruise and remote control modes through a central control system. It can achieve grid-based cruise treatment or precise fixed-point operation based on the distribution of cyanobacterial blooms. It is suitable for routine operation and maintenance of lake and reservoir water sources and emergency response to sudden algal blooms, providing an intelligent closed-loop technical solution for ensuring drinking water safety. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp matrix of the far-ultraviolet processing unit of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a top view schematic diagram of the mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp matrix of the far-ultraviolet processing unit of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a side view schematic diagram of the mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp matrix of the far-ultraviolet processing unit of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the algae removal unmanned vessel control system of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the algae removal unmanned vessel control system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this invention clearer and more understandable, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. The following embodiments are only for explaining this invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention. Aspects not described in detail can be implemented using conventional techniques in the art.

[0039] System hardware construction description:

[0040] Referring to Figures 1, 2, and 3, the core far-ultraviolet (FUL) processing unit of this system adopts a modular matrix design. The FUL processing unit includes an outer frame, within which 20 222nm mercury-free FUL lamps are arranged alternately horizontally and vertically. These 222nm mercury-free FUL lamps serve as the core disinfection light source, and each lamp is encased in a high-transmittance quartz sleeve (i.e., a protective device). The lamps are filled with KrCl gas to maintain their luminescent environment. For structural fixation, the lamps have threaded interfaces at both ends, connected to the outer frame via plastic encapsulation, and are internally filled with cushioning material to withstand vibrations and impacts during the unmanned vessel's operation, ensuring electrical sealing and mechanical stability during immersion.

[0041] like Figure 4 The embodiment of the present invention is modularly integrated with an unmanned vessel platform, a far-ultraviolet processing unit, an automatic dosing unit, an intelligent sensing and adaptive control module, and a central control system. Each module operates independently and works in concert. The overall structure is compact, waterproof and corrosion resistant, and suitable for long-term operation in outdoor open lakes and reservoirs.

[0042] Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) Platform: The USV platform adopts a catamaran structure, serving as the mobile operational carrier for the entire system. Power modules are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the hull, driven and controlled by corresponding electronic speed controllers (ESCs), with power supplied by an onboard battery module. An obstacle avoidance module is installed at the bow, used to detect obstacles ahead in real time during autonomous navigation and report them to the central control system.

[0043] The far-ultraviolet (LAU) treatment unit is suspended and fixed at the center of the unmanned surface vessel's (USV) hull. This unit is connected to the hull via a standardized quick-change base, allowing for rapid disassembly and replacement as needed. It employs a 222nm mercury-free excimer far-ultraviolet lamp array, with no enclosed glass chamber or pre-filter, making it a completely open underwater irradiation structure. The UV lamp assembly is equipped with an electrically adjustable lifting mechanism, automatically adjusting the immersion depth from 0.2 to 0.5 meters according to the water depth, matching the surface growth characteristics of cyanobacteria. The UV output power is continuously adjustable from 0 to 100%, meeting the differentiated disinfection needs of light, moderate, and severe algal blooms. This light source is mercury-free and poses no risk of human harm, making it suitable for in-situ operations in open water bodies.

[0044] Automatic dosing unit: Modularly integrated inside the deck of the unmanned vessel, including a chemical storage tank, a metering dosing pump, a pipeline spraying structure, and a flow feedback component; the chemical used is food-grade hydrogen peroxide, which is green and leaves no residue; the dosing pump supports quantitative dosing and can be linked in real time with ultraviolet power and water pollution parameters to achieve a collaborative operation mode that adaptively matches the dosage when the pollution is higher and the ultraviolet light is stronger.

[0045] Intelligent sensing and adaptive control module: The intelligent sensing and adaptive control module is uniformly arranged on the bottom of the ship, and collects five core parameters in real time: algal density, chlorophyll a, algal toxins, dissolved oxygen, and pH. Unlike traditional single-parameter monitoring schemes, this system uses algal toxin concentration as the core termination criterion and chlorophyll a and algal density as the basis for intensity adjustment, so as to achieve accurate perception of multi-dimensional water quality status and provide a real and effective data foundation for intelligent control.

[0046] Central Control System: Equipped with an embedded industrial control motherboard and a PID multi-parameter coupled closed-loop control algorithm, it uses algae density and chlorophyll a as the main input parameters for PID control, water body ultraviolet transmittance as the coupling correction parameter, and algal toxin concentration of 1μg / L as the safety interlock and treatment termination threshold. It has built-in pollution level judgment model, operation path model, collaborative disinfection matching model, and treatment endpoint intelligent judgment model; it can receive sensor data in real time and dynamically output ultraviolet power commands, dosing frequency commands, and ship navigation commands to form a complete closed-loop intelligent operation system.

[0047] The working principle of the system of this invention is as follows:

[0048] The overall working principle of this invention is divided into four closed-loop stages: perception, decision-making, execution, and feedback.

[0049] 1. Multi-parameter real-time sensing stage: During the cruise or fixed-point operation, the intelligent sensing and adaptive control module continuously collects water algae density, chlorophyll a, algal toxins and conventional water quality parameters, and uploads them to the central control system in real time.

[0050] 2. Intelligent Classification and Decision-Making Stage: The control system automatically classifies the water pollution level based on the measured water quality data. For light pollution, only low-power 222nm ultraviolet disinfection is activated; for moderate pollution, ultraviolet + low-dosage synergistic treatment is activated; for severe algal bloom pollution, full-power ultraviolet + high-matching dosage enhanced treatment is activated, completely abandoning the traditional fixed-parameter extensive operation mode.

[0051] 3. Physicochemical Synergistic Execution Stage: 222nm far-ultraviolet light directly destroys the nucleic acid and protein structure of cyanobacteria cells, achieving rapid algae removal; simultaneously, ultraviolet photons activate hydrogen peroxide in the water to generate a large number of hydroxyl radicals, which strongly oxidize and deeply degrade algal toxins, achieving integrated algae removal and detoxification. The open structure ensures continuous in-situ treatment of large volumes of water, without clogging or flow bottlenecks.

[0052] 4. Effect feedback and intelligent shutdown phase: The system continuously monitors the core indicators of algal toxins. When the water quality indicators are stable below the drinking water safety threshold, the system first gradually reduces the ultraviolet irradiation power and maintains short-term irradiation, then turns off the ultraviolet light source and stops the dosing to avoid overtreatment and rebound of algal toxin concentration, thus achieving energy-saving and consumption-reducing operation. Afterwards, it continues to cruise or automatically returns to base according to instructions.

[0053] Example 1: Low-intensity routine early warning and control during the initial stage of algal blooms

[0054] This embodiment is applied to the initial stage of cyanobacterial blooms and low-concentration algal aggregation in lake and reservoir water sources. It adopts a synergistic mode of low-intensity ultraviolet light as the main method and trace amounts of chemical agents as an auxiliary method to achieve early warning and early intervention, and prevent large-scale algal blooms. The specific operation steps are as follows:

[0055] (1) Warning: A localized cyanobacterial bloom was found in a drinking water source area. Sensor data showed that the chlorophyll a concentration exceeded 15 μg / L, and the site was determined to be in the early stage of a cyanobacterial bloom.

[0056] (2) Deployment: The deployment of this invention is based on a 222nm mercury-free far-ultraviolet light source ( Figure 1 The algae removal unmanned boat system (2,3) can cover the algae bloom early warning area by remote control or setting an autonomous cruise path through the central control system.

[0057] (3) In-situ irradiation treatment: Activate the 222nm mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp matrix in the far-ultraviolet treatment unit at the bottom of the hull. The central control system drives the robotic arm motor to lower the outer shell frame to the designated depth. Adjust the UV222 light source to continuously irradiate at a depth of 0.3 meters below the water surface (e.g., Figure 5 As shown in the figure, it directly destroys the algal cell structure, and if necessary, the dosing module can be remotely activated; based on real-time sensor data, the central control system controls the automatic dosing unit to add a low dose of hydrogen peroxide;

[0058] (4) Closed-loop monitoring and recovery: The intelligent sensing and adaptive control module monitors the changes in algal density, chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen and algal toxin concentration in the water in real time. After the detection meets the standards, the treatment is determined to be completed, the dosing unit and the far-ultraviolet treatment unit are shut down, and the algae removal unmanned vessel is controlled to return automatically. Figure 4 ).

[0059] Example 2: Localized Emergency Response to Sudden High Concentration Algal Clusters

[0060] This embodiment addresses scenarios involving sudden algal blooms and localized high-density algal aggregation on lake surfaces. It employs a synergistic process combining fixed-point hovering, full-power ultraviolet light, and highly matched dosage to achieve rapid emergency algae elimination and detoxification. The specific operational steps are as follows:

[0061] (1) A monitoring platform for a certain lake and reservoir water source issued an early warning, showing that the density of algae in a local water area suddenly increased. Remote sensing images confirmed that the area of ​​the cluster was about 200 m², and the emergency prevention and control mode was activated.

[0062] (2) The remotely controlled unmanned vessel system enters the target contaminated area and switches to fixed-point operation mode; Figure 4 )

[0063] (3) The system automatically adjusts the 222nm mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp matrix from the initial position to the specified depth. Figure 5 (The system) activates full-power ultraviolet irradiation and simultaneously starts the automatic dosing unit, enabling high-dose H2O2 dosing mode. Through ultraviolet activation of the agent, a large number of hydroxyl radicals are generated, which strongly degrade algae and algal toxins.

[0064] (4) UV 222 The synergistic effect with H2O2 lasts for 40 minutes. Figure 1 During the process, the intelligent sensing and adaptive control module monitors dissolved oxygen, pH and algae activity in the water in real time, and dynamically fine-tunes the ultraviolet power and the dosage of the agent to ensure the disinfection effect while avoiding waste of the agent;

[0065] (5) After the treatment is completed and the water quality meets the standards, the algae removal unmanned vessel will automatically end its operation, the system will automatically return to port, and the algae removal unmanned vessel system will be recovered in a timely manner to complete the emergency treatment.

[0066] Example 3: Routine Intelligent Patrol and Maintenance of Large and Medium-Sized Reservoirs Across the Entire Water Area

[0067] This embodiment is applied to the long-term, periodic prevention and maintenance of algal blooms in large and medium-sized drinking water reservoirs. Through grid-based autonomous patrols and dynamic parameter matching technology, it achieves comprehensive control across the entire reservoir area, preventing seasonal algal bloom outbreaks. The specific operational steps are as follows:

[0068] (1) Set up unmanned boat patrol missions twice a week in a medium-sized reservoir, with the patrol route covering areas such as the water intake and the bay area that are prone to algal blooms all year round.

[0069] (2) Unmanned surface vessel equipped with UV 222 Mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp matrix, automatic dosing unit and intelligent sensing and adaptive control module ( Figure 1 ,2,3), set the autonomous cruise mode, and use the obstacle avoidance module to assist in safe operation, and set appropriate ship speed and ultraviolet radiation intensity ( Figure 4 );

[0070] (3) During the patrol, the central control system adjusts the dosage of the drug according to the real-time water quality data (chlorophyll a, water turbidity, DO); only low-power ultraviolet disinfection is activated in lightly polluted areas, and ultraviolet-drug synergistic disinfection is activated in moderately polluted areas.

[0071] (4) After the system has been running continuously for 3 months, no algal blooms have occurred in the summer. The system is running stably and does not produce secondary pollution, which verifies the feasibility and reliability of the system in long-term operation and maintenance.

[0072] Example 4: Intelligent endpoint precision control based on multi-parameter feedback of algal toxins

[0073] This embodiment verifies the multi-parameter closed-loop intelligent control and precise shutdown mechanism of the present invention. Unlike traditional timed open-loop operation, this system uses algal toxins as the endpoint for intelligent judgment, which significantly saves energy and pesticide consumption. The specific operation steps are as follows:

[0074] (1) In a certain algal aggregation area, the initial algal toxin concentration was 5.2 μg / L, which exceeded the safe drinking water threshold (1 μg / L).

[0075] (2) The system starts full-power processing, and the central control system controls the dosing unit to start high-dose hydrogen peroxide dosing. Figure 4 The concentration of algal toxins was continuously monitored; after 30 minutes of treatment, the algal toxin concentration dropped to 1.1 μg / L; after 60 minutes of treatment, the algal toxin concentration dropped to 0.6 μg / L, which was below the safety threshold.

[0076] (3) The central control system determines that the algal toxin has fallen below the safe threshold and the downward trend is stable, and then issues an instruction: shut down the dosing unit, reduce the ultraviolet power from 100% to 30% and maintain irradiation for 5 minutes, and then completely shut down and stop dosing. Figure 4 );

[0077] (4) If the existing timed or single-parameter control mode is used, the agent may continue to be added and irradiated, and the equipment will usually run continuously, which will easily lead to excessive waste of electrical energy and agent resources. This embodiment achieves on-demand treatment of water pollution and stops treatment as soon as the water quality meets the standards through real-time multi-parameter feedback closed-loop control of algal toxins, saving about 70% of agent consumption, and the energy saving and consumption reduction effect is significant.

[0078] The main innovation of this invention lies in:

[0079] Existing technologies generally use 254nm mercury-containing ultraviolet lamps, which have drawbacks such as mercury leakage pollution, short lamp life, and the potential for ultraviolet light to damage human skin and cornea. This invention uses a 222nm mercury-free excimer far-ultraviolet light source, eliminating the risk of mercury pollution at its source. Furthermore, the wavelength only affects microbial cells and is harmless to humans, making it suitable for routine operations in open, exposed water bodies. Its environmental friendliness and safety are far superior to traditional mercury-containing ultraviolet light sources. Existing mobile algae removal devices all use a closed irradiation chamber with a pre-filter and flow guide structure. Water must flow into the chamber for treatment, limiting the treatment flow rate and coverage area. The filter is also prone to clogging, resulting in a heavy maintenance burden. This invention uses a fully open structure without chambers, filters, or flow guide pipes. The lamp matrix is ​​directly immersed in the water surface for dynamic scanning irradiation, eliminating flow bottlenecks and clogging risks, enabling efficient in-situ treatment of large areas of water. Existing technologies employ only a single-parameter open-loop, coarse-grained control of chlorophyll a, which cannot monitor algal toxins, lacks a unified safety threshold, and cannot intelligently identify the treatment endpoint, easily leading to energy and chemical waste. This invention's PID multi-parameter coupled closed-loop control system uses algal density and chlorophyll a as the main control inputs, with water UV transmittance as the coupling correction, and an algal toxin concentration of 1 μg / L as the safe termination threshold. This achieves adaptive dynamic matching of UV power, chemical dosage, and pollution level, resulting in higher control precision and stronger closed-loop performance. Existing equipment directly shuts off UV and chemicals after water quality meets standards, easily causing algal cell resurgence and a rebound in algal toxin concentration. This invention innovatively sets up a pressure-stabilizing process that gradually reduces power after standards are met, maintains irradiation for a short period, and then shuts down the system and chemicals. This results in more thorough disinfection and degradation, effectively preventing water quality rebound, while also providing on-demand treatment and significant energy-saving and consumption-reducing effects. Traditional shipborne equipment typically consists of fixed, integrated units, leading to cumbersome disassembly, maintenance, and inconvenient on-site replacement. This invention, however, utilizes standardized, quick-change bases for modular assembly of all functional units. Guide dovetail grooves, elastic locking mechanisms, and waterproof quick-connect fittings enable tool-free, rapid assembly and disassembly, and waterproof connection, significantly improving the convenience of long-term outdoor maintenance. Conventional unmanned surface vessels only perform simple patrols and inspections without prioritizing specific areas. This invention, combining historical data on high-incidence algal bloom areas with real-time water quality monitoring data, autonomously plans a gridded path and prioritizes inspections and treatment of high-risk areas such as water intakes, bays, and shallows. It balances routine maintenance across the entire area with emergency response to localized algal blooms, resulting in more targeted and practical prevention and control measures.

[0080] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An algae control unmanned surface vessel system based on a 222nm mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp and its combination process, characterized in that, include: Unmanned surface vessel platform, far-ultraviolet processing unit, automatic dosing unit, intelligent sensing and adaptive control module, and central control system; The unmanned vessel platform is a mobile operating platform that supports both remote control and autonomous cruise operation modes. The far-ultraviolet treatment unit and the automatic dosing unit are modularly integrated on the unmanned vessel platform; the far-ultraviolet treatment unit includes a 222nm mercury-free far-ultraviolet light source, which forms a mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp matrix, suitable for direct immersion in the target water body for large-area in-situ irradiation; the automatic dosing unit is used to precisely add oxidizing agents to the target water body to cooperate with the far-ultraviolet treatment unit for combined algae removal; The intelligent sensing and adaptive control module integrates a multi-parameter water quality sensor for real-time collection of key water quality indicators of the target water body. The key water quality indicators include at least algal density, chlorophyll a concentration and algal toxin concentration. The central control system is communicatively connected to the far-ultraviolet treatment unit, the automatic dosing unit, and the intelligent sensing and adaptive control module. The central control system is pre-set with an intelligent control model, which is used to dynamically adjust the irradiation intensity of the far-ultraviolet treatment unit and the dosage of the automatic dosing unit based on the key water quality indicators collected in real time, so as to achieve synergistic and closed-loop control of direct ultraviolet inactivation and deep free radical oxidation.

2. The algae control unmanned surface vessel system based on a 222nm mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp and its combination process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control model is a multi-parameter coupled model based on the PID control algorithm. The model uses the real-time collected algal density and chlorophyll a concentration to represent the degree of algal bloom as input, and the algal toxin concentration as the water safety judgment threshold. The model output is connected to the power controller of the far-ultraviolet treatment unit and the metering pump of the automatic dosing unit, respectively, to realize the dynamic coupling and adjustment of ultraviolet irradiation power and reagent dosage.

3. The algae control unmanned surface vessel system based on a 222nm mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp and its combination process according to claim 2, characterized in that, The intelligent control model is preset with a safe threshold for algal toxins in drinking water. When the concentration of algal toxins is higher than the threshold, the ultraviolet power and the dosage of the agent are automatically increased to strengthen the disinfection. When the algal density, chlorophyll a, algal toxins and other parameters stabilize and fall back to within the safe threshold, the intelligent system determines that the treatment is complete, gradually reduces the ultraviolet irradiation power and maintains short-term irradiation, and then turns off the ultraviolet light source and stops the drug application, so as to achieve a precise closed-loop operation that stops as soon as the standard is met.

4. The algae control unmanned surface vessel system based on a 222nm mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp and its combination process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central control system is configured to support both autonomous cruise and remote control modes, enabling the unmanned vessel platform to perform grid-based cruise operations according to a preset path.

5. The algae control unmanned surface vessel system based on a 222nm mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp and its combination process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The 222nm mercury-free far-ultraviolet light source in the far-ultraviolet processing unit is encased in a high-transmittance quartz sleeve. The mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp matrix adopts a detachable array arrangement structure, allowing for complete matrix replacement depending on the application scenario. Simultaneously, an electric lifting mechanism is provided, and the entire far-ultraviolet processing unit is mounted on the bottom of the unmanned vessel platform via this mechanism. The central control system, based on the ultraviolet transmittance measured by the intelligent sensing and adaptive control module or a preset processing depth, drives the electric lifting mechanism to adjust the water immersion depth of the mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp matrix.

6. The algae control unmanned surface vessel system based on a 222nm mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp and its combination process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp matrix of the far-ultraviolet processing unit does not have a closed irradiation chamber or flow guiding mechanism. The mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp matrix is ​​directly exposed to the target water body in the working state, and achieves dynamic scanning irradiation of different water layers by relying on the movement of the unmanned vessel platform.

7. The algae control unmanned surface vessel system based on a 222nm mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp and its combination process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The far-ultraviolet processing unit, the automatic dosing unit, and the intelligent sensing and adaptive control module are respectively installed on the unmanned vessel platform via standardized quick-change bases; the quick-change base includes a guide dovetail groove, an elastic locking mechanism, and a waterproof quick-connect electrical connector, enabling independent and rapid assembly and disassembly of each module.

8. The algae control unmanned surface vessel system based on a 222nm mercury-free far-ultraviolet lamp and its combination process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The unmanned vessel platform has a built-in positioning module and an intelligent path planning module. Combining historical algal bloom data and real-time water quality data, it autonomously generates a gridded patrol path, prioritizing the inspection and handling of algal bloom-prone areas such as water intakes, reservoir bays, and shallow waters. It is suitable for both routine operation and maintenance across the entire area and localized emergency response scenarios.

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