A high-purity magnesium purification device

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of metal smelting technology, specifically disclosing a high-purity magnesium purification device, including a furnace body. A feeding rack is installed inside the furnace body, and multiple positioning components for positioning magnesium blocks are evenly arranged on the feeding rack. Each positioning component includes multiple vertical rods that can slide up and down relative to the feeding rack. Magnesium blocks pass through the vertical rods, and the vertical rods are provided with scraping parts that act on the inner wall of the magnesium block holes. The bottom ends of the multiple vertical rods are connected together by a connecting frame. The connecting frame is provided with a connecting part, and a temperature trigger is provided between the connecting part and the furnace body. By melting or structurally failing at a preset temperature, the temperature trigger causes the connecting frame to automatically move the vertical rods downwards. Then, through the friction or scraping action of the scraping parts against the inner wall of the magnesium block holes, in-situ, mechanical destruction can be achieved at a critical stage when the thermal reduction reaction has reached a certain stage and the reaction shell has initially formed but not yet fully densified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal smelting technology, and more specifically to a purification apparatus for high-purity magnesium. Background Technology

[0002] Magnesium metal possesses advantages such as low density, high specific strength, good electromagnetic shielding performance, and strong recyclability, making it widely used in aerospace, automotive manufacturing, rail transportation, electronics, and chemical metallurgy. During magnesium smelting and deep processing of magnesium materials, a large amount of magnesium slag, reduction residues, and magnesium-containing solid waste are generated. This type of magnesium slag typically contains a certain proportion of magnesium oxide, unreacted reduction products, and various impurities. Direct stockpiling not only occupies land resources but also easily causes environmental pollution. Therefore, the reuse and purification of magnesium slag has significant resource value and environmental significance. Existing magnesium slag purification technologies mostly employ pyrometallurgical or thermal reduction methods. After crushing, screening, batching, and molding, the magnesium slag is placed together with a reducing agent in an electrically heated reduction furnace or vacuum thermal reduction device. Under high temperature and low pressure conditions, the magnesium oxide is reduced to magnesium vapor, which is then condensed to obtain metallic magnesium. This method is highly adaptable to raw materials and is particularly suitable for magnesium slag resources with complex compositions and low grades.

[0003] Chinese patent document CN115161485B discloses a high-purity magnesium preparation apparatus, including a purification furnace and a smelting furnace. The purification furnace includes a furnace body and a furnace cover on top of the furnace body. The furnace body is equipped with a separator for heating crude magnesium to obtain magnesium vapor and a crystallizer for condensing the magnesium vapor into high-purity magnesium crystals. The crystallizer is located above the separator, and at least one layer of filter screen is provided between the separator and the crystallizer. This invention also discloses a method for preparing the aforementioned high-purity magnesium using this apparatus. By improving materials and structure, this method avoids introducing impurity elements into the high-purity magnesium during the smelting process, and eliminates the need for adding covering agents, refining agents, and solvents. This reduces production costs while avoiding the introduction of impurities.

[0004] In the aforementioned thermal reduction purification process, due to the complex source and uneven particle composition of magnesium slag, a dense reaction shell easily forms on the surface and inner walls of the pores of the shaped magnesium slag blocks under high-temperature reaction conditions. This shell significantly reduces the thermal conductivity of the magnesium slag interior and hinders the flow of reducing gas and generated magnesium vapor in the internal channels, leading to incomplete local reactions, prolonged reaction time, and magnesium vapor retention or even secondary reactions within the slag body, thereby reducing magnesium recovery rate and purification efficiency. Existing technologies typically attempt to address these problems by increasing the reaction temperature, extending the holding time, or drilling or slotting the shaped magnesium slag before the reaction. However, these methods are often energy-intensive, complex to operate, and difficult to continuously disrupt the formed shell structure during the reaction process.

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, existing technologies often employ methods such as increasing the reaction temperature, extending the holding time, or pre-setting through-holes in the molded body. However, these methods generally suffer from high energy consumption, heavy equipment load, narrow process windows, or difficulty in effectively destroying the formed shell in the later stages of the reaction. Furthermore, dynamically disturbing the molded body in a high-temperature vacuum or reducing atmosphere is challenging, and most existing devices lack an effective structure capable of in-situ destruction of the shell without interfering with the main reaction process. Therefore, developing a high-purity magnesium purification device with a reasonable structure, reliable operation, and the ability to automatically trigger and destroy the shell within the pores of the molded body during thermal reduction has become a pressing technical problem in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a high-purity magnesium purification device, which aims to solve the problem in related technologies that the surface and inner wall of the pores of the shaped magnesium slag block easily form a dense reaction shell under high-temperature reaction conditions, which significantly reduces the thermal conductivity of the magnesium slag.

[0007] A high-purity magnesium purification device includes a furnace body, inside which a feeding rack is installed, and multiple positioning components for positioning magnesium blocks are evenly arranged on the feeding rack. The positioning component includes multiple uprights that can slide up and down relative to the feeding rack. Magnesium blocks are inserted through the uprights, and the uprights are provided with scraping parts for acting on the inner wall of the magnesium block holes. The bottom ends of multiple uprights are connected together by a connecting frame, the connecting frame is provided with a connecting part, and a temperature triggering element is provided between the connecting part and the furnace body; In the initial state, the connecting frame is in the upper limit position. When the temperature inside the furnace rises to the preset trigger temperature, the temperature trigger component melts or fails, causing the connecting frame to move downward under its own weight or the preset load. This causes the upright to move relative to the vertical rod, resulting in friction or scraping between the scraping part and the inner wall of the magnesium block hole, thereby destroying the reaction shell layer formed on the inner wall of the magnesium block hole.

[0008] Its effect is as follows: by triggering the melting or structural failure of the temperature-triggered component at a preset temperature, the connecting frame drives the uprights to move automatically downwards. Then, through the friction or scraping action of the scraping part against the inner wall of the magnesium block hole, in-situ, mechanical damage can be achieved at a critical stage in the thermal reduction reaction, when the reaction shell has initially formed but not yet fully densified. This design requires no additional power source or complex control system; it only uses the temperature change inside the furnace as a trigger signal to precisely and timely intervene in the reaction process, effectively avoiding the impact of premature disturbance on the structural stability of the molded body and the problem of difficulty in removing the shell due to late processing. The relative movement between the scraping part and the inner wall of the magnesium block hole can directly act on the weak areas of the shell, breaking its continuity, significantly improving the heat transfer efficiency inside the molded body and the escape channels for magnesium vapor. This helps to increase the reaction rate, promote the full progress of the reduction reaction, reduce the retention of magnesium vapor in the channels and the risk of secondary reactions, ultimately improving the magnesium recovery rate and product purity. At the same time, multiple uprights and the scraping part can ensure the consistency and reliability of the damage effect on the inner wall of the magnesium block hole. In addition, the device has a compact structure, and the adaptability of each component to high temperature and reducing atmosphere is ensured by the selection of refractory materials such as graphite and ceramics. The overall operation is stable and easy to maintain, which can well meet the process requirements of purifying high-purity magnesium by thermal reduction.

[0009] Preferably, the scraping part includes a spiral wire and a connecting ring. The top end of the spiral wire is fixedly connected to the upper part of the upright, and the bottom end of the spiral wire is fixedly connected to the connecting ring. The connecting ring is sleeved on the outside of the upright and can move axially relative to the upright. The combination of the spiral wire and the connecting ring allows the spiral wire to form a continuous and uniform spiral friction scraping on the inner wall of the magnesium block hole when the upright moves downward. The connecting ring slides axially along the upright to assist in the scraping. The synergistic effect of the two can more thoroughly break the shell layer and avoid missing parts of the scraping. At the same time, the sliding design of the connecting ring can adapt to the irregular shape of the inner wall of the magnesium block hole, reduce damage to the magnesium block body, and ensure the structural integrity of the magnesium block.

[0010] Preferably, the top edge of the upright and the lower edge of the connecting ring are both provided with a chamfered structure to reduce the assembly resistance and thermal deformation jamming between the upright and the magnesium block hole wall. The chamfered structure effectively reduces the assembly resistance between the magnesium block and the upright during installation, facilitating quick and accurate positioning of the magnesium block. In a high-temperature reducing environment, it can avoid jamming problems between the upright and the magnesium block hole wall, and between the connecting ring and the magnesium block hole wall caused by thermal expansion and contraction, ensuring smooth movement of the scraping part driven by the upright, ensuring stable shell breaking process, and improving the reliability of the device under high-temperature conditions.

[0011] Preferably, there are two spiral wires, and the two spiral wires are symmetrically distributed along the axial direction of the upright. The symmetrical distribution of the two spiral wires can make the scraping force evenly applied to the inner wall of the magnesium block hole, avoiding incomplete shell removal or local damage to the magnesium block hole wall caused by unilateral force. At the same time, the symmetrical structure can balance the lateral force when the upright moves downward, reduce the bending deformation of the upright, extend the service life of the upright, and ensure the long-term stable operation of the device.

[0012] Preferably, the spiral wire and connecting ring are made of graphite material that is resistant to high temperature and reducing atmosphere corrosion. Graphite material has excellent high temperature resistance and reducing atmosphere corrosion resistance. It can maintain structural stability in the high temperature, vacuum or reducing atmosphere environment of thermal reduction method, and is not easy to oxidize, corrode or deform, effectively extending the service life of the scraped part. Moreover, the self-lubricating properties of graphite material can reduce the frictional resistance with the inner wall of the magnesium block hole, so as to ensure the scraping and shell breaking effect while reducing the additional wear on the magnesium block hole wall, thus balancing the shell breaking efficiency and the integrity of the magnesium block.

[0013] Preferably, the connecting frame is connected to an upwardly extending connecting rod, the top of which is provided with a perforated plate. The furnace body is provided with an insertion hole at the position corresponding to the perforated plate. The temperature triggering element is inserted between the perforated plate and the insertion hole to limit the initial position of the connecting frame. Through the cooperation of the connecting rod, the perforated plate and the insertion hole, the initial position of the connecting frame is precisely limited, ensuring that the connecting frame remains stable when the temperature has not reached the preset trigger value, and the scraping part does not have ineffective friction with the inner wall of the magnesium block hole. The insertion and installation method of the temperature triggering element is simple and convenient, which facilitates later maintenance and replacement and reduces the operation and maintenance cost of the device.

[0014] Preferably, the temperature trigger is a low-melting-point component that melts or fails mechanically within the temperature range of 300℃ to 600℃. The triggering temperature range of 300℃ to 600℃ is compatible with the critical temperature range for shell formation in the thermal reduction reaction. It can accurately trigger the shell breaking action when the shell begins to affect the reaction efficiency, which avoids unnecessary wear of the magnesium block caused by premature triggering and prevents the reaction process from being affected by delayed triggering. The design of the low-melting-point component ensures the sensitivity and reliability of the temperature response, and eliminates the need for a complex temperature control linkage mechanism, thus simplifying the device structure.

[0015] Preferably, the temperature trigger is made of zinc-aluminum alloy. The melting point of zinc-aluminum alloy falls within the preset trigger temperature range of 300℃ to 600℃, providing precise temperature response and perfectly matching the timing requirements of the shell-breaking action. Furthermore, zinc-aluminum alloy is inexpensive and widely available, and its mechanical properties meet the requirements for limiting the position of the connecting frame in the initial state. After melting, it will not produce harmful impurities that pollute the reaction environment, thus taking into account practicality, economy, and environmental protection.

[0016] Preferably, the upright is made of graphite, ceramic, cermet, or heat-resistant alloy materials that are resistant to high temperatures and have a certain degree of toughness. Graphite and ceramic materials (such as alumina ceramics and zirconia ceramics) have excellent high-temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. Ceramic materials combine the high-temperature resistance of ceramics with the toughness of metals. Heat-resistant alloy materials (such as Inconel alloys and Hastelloy alloys) combine high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and good toughness. The selection of multiple materials can adapt to different thermal reduction conditions. The high-temperature resistance and toughness of the upright material can withstand the thermal stress, impact force, and vibration during the scraping process under high-temperature environment, avoid the upright breaking or deforming, and ensure the long-term stable operation of the device.

[0017] Preferably, a preset distance is maintained between adjacent magnesium blocks by the positioning component, allowing magnesium vapor to flow smoothly between the magnesium blocks and migrate towards the condensation area, thereby reducing magnesium vapor retention and secondary reaction losses. The preset distance provides a smooth flow channel for magnesium vapor, preventing it from stagnating between magnesium blocks and reducing the probability of secondary reactions between magnesium vapor and residual oxygen, impurity gases, or unreacted raw materials, further improving the magnesium recovery rate and product purity. At the same time, the uniform spacing distribution is beneficial to the uniformity of temperature and airflow field in the furnace, ensuring the consistency of the reduction reaction of each magnesium block and improving product quality stability.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: By incorporating a temperature-triggered vertical rod and scraping section into the positioning component, in-situ and precise destruction of the reaction shell layer on the inner wall of the magnesium block's borehole is achieved. The temperature trigger uses furnace temperature changes as a natural signal, requiring no additional control. It automatically initiates the shell-breaking action at the critical stage of shell formation, avoiding premature disturbance that could affect the magnesium block structure and preventing the problem of difficulty in breaking the shell after it densifies. The scraping section, composed of a spiral wire and connecting ring, scrapes and axially assists scraping the inner wall of the borehole during the vertical rod's downward movement, effectively breaking the shell layer, clearing channels, improving heat transfer efficiency and magnesium vapor escape capacity, and reducing secondary reaction losses. All core components are made of temperature- and corrosion-resistant materials such as graphite, ceramics, and zinc-aluminum alloys, ensuring stable operation in a high-temperature reducing atmosphere. The overall structure is compact, reliable in operation, and easy to maintain, significantly improving magnesium recovery and purification efficiency, providing an efficient and practical technical solution for the industrial production of high-purity magnesium. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the initial structure of the present invention after the furnace body has been removed.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the final structure of the present invention after the furnace body is removed.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the material feeding rack in this invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a front view of the positioning component and connecting frame in this invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a top view of the positioning component and connecting frame in this invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a front view of the positioning component in this invention.

[0026] Figure label: 1. Furnace body; 11. Guide sleeve; 2. Feeding rack; 21. Positioning assembly; 211. Vertical pole; 2111. Spiral wire; 2112. Connecting ring; 3. Connecting frame; 31. Connecting rod; 32. Orifice plate; 4. Temperature triggering element. Detailed Implementation

[0027] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0028] like Figures 1-7 As shown, a high-purity magnesium purification device consists of a furnace body 1, a feeding rack 2, a positioning component 21, a connecting frame 3, a temperature triggering component 4, and supporting temperature control system and vacuum system (the temperature control system and vacuum system are not shown in the figure).

[0029] Furnace body 1 is a closed-type electrically heated reduction furnace. It is typically made of high-temperature resistant stainless steel, such as 310S or 304 stainless steel. These materials possess excellent high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and mechanical strength, maintaining stable performance under the high-temperature, high-pressure, and reducing atmosphere conditions required for the thermal reduction of high-purity magnesium. Furnace body 1 is usually cylindrical to facilitate uniform temperature and pressure distribution. The diameter and height of furnace body 1 can be designed according to production scale and actual needs, generally ranging from 1m to 3m in diameter and 2m to 5m in height.

[0030] A detachable furnace body cover (not shown in the figure) is provided on top of the furnace body 1. The furnace body cover and the furnace body 1 are connected by a high-temperature resistant sealing structure, which can form a relatively sealed reaction space during the reduction process. A vapor channel is provided on the furnace body cover. One end of the vapor channel is connected to the interior of the furnace body 1, and the other end is connected to the condensation area or condensation device, which is used to promptly export and condense the magnesium vapor generated in the furnace body 1. By providing an independent vapor channel on the furnace body cover, the magnesium vapor can migrate rapidly along a predetermined path, reducing disordered diffusion inside the furnace body 1 and contact with residual oxygen or impurity gases.

[0031] The furnace body 1 is structurally equipped with a rotating support mechanism, enabling it to rotate around a preset axis after completing the reduction and condensation processes, thereby achieving automatic or semi-automatic discharge of slag from the furnace. This rotating slag discharge method avoids the safety risks associated with manual cleaning of high-temperature residues, while also shortening the production cycle and improving the continuous operation capability of the equipment.

[0032] The furnace body 1 is equipped with a feeding rack 2. Multiple positioning components 21 for positioning magnesium blocks are evenly arranged on the feeding rack 2. The number of positioning components 21 can be adjusted according to the size of the furnace body 1 and production needs, generally ranging from 4 to 16. They are horizontally and evenly distributed on the support plate to ensure uniform temperature and pressure distribution within the furnace body 1, improving the purification effect. Each positioning component 21 includes multiple uprights 211 that can slide up and down relative to the feeding rack 2. The number of uprights 211 is usually 3 to 6 (4 are shown in the illustration), and they are evenly distributed along the circumference of the positioning component 21 to ensure stable positioning of the magnesium blocks. The length of the uprights 211 can be adjusted according to the height of the magnesium blocks and the height of the furnace body 1. The diameter of the uprights 211 is 10-30 mm to ensure sufficient strength and rigidity.

[0033] The upright 211 is made of high-temperature resistant and relatively tough graphite, ceramic, cermet, or heat-resistant alloy materials. Alumina or zirconia ceramics can be used, offering excellent high-temperature and corrosion resistance, but with relatively poor toughness. Tungsten-cobalt or titanium-carbon cermet materials combine the high-temperature resistance of ceramics with the toughness of metals, resulting in superior performance. Inconel or Hastelloy alloys can be used, providing good high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and toughness, capable of withstanding the impact and vibration generated during scratching.

[0034] The top edge of the upright 211 is chamfered at an angle of 30°-60° to reduce assembly resistance between the upright 211 and the magnesium block hole wall, facilitating magnesium block installation. The upright 211 has a scraping part acting on the inner wall of the magnesium block hole, comprising a spiral wire 2111 and a connecting ring 2112. The top end of the spiral wire 2111 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the upright 211, using either welding or threaded connection to ensure a secure connection. The bottom end of the spiral wire 2111 is fixedly connected to the connecting ring 2112, also using either welding or threaded connection. There are two spiral wires 2111, and the two spiral wires 2111 are symmetrically distributed along the axis of the upright 211. The diameter of the spiral wire 2111 is 1-3mm, the pitch is 5-10mm, and the length of the spiral wire 2111 can be adjusted according to the height of the magnesium block. When the magnesium block is inserted into the upright 211, the spiral wire 2111 can maintain a suitable distance between the wall of the magnesium block hole and the upright 211, so as to avoid them sticking together and avoid affecting the discharge of magnesium vapor.

[0035] The connecting ring 2112 is sleeved on the outside of the upright 211 and can move axially relative to the upright 211. The inner diameter of the connecting ring 2112 is 0.5-1mm larger than the diameter of the upright 211 to ensure that the connecting ring 2112 can move smoothly along the axial direction of the upright 211. The lower edge of the connecting ring 2112 is provided with a chamfered structure with a chamfer angle of 30°-60° to reduce the frictional resistance between the connecting ring 2112 and the wall of the magnesium block hole, and to avoid excessive damage to the wall of the magnesium block hole during the scraping process. The spiral wire 2111 and the connecting ring 2112 are made of graphite material that is resistant to high temperature and reducing atmosphere corrosion. Graphite material has good high temperature resistance, reducing atmosphere corrosion resistance and self-lubricating properties, and can work stably in high temperature environments. At the same time, it can also reduce the frictional resistance between the connecting ring and the inner wall of the magnesium block hole and improve the scraping effect.

[0036] The connecting frame 3 is equipped with connecting plates, the number of which matches the number of positioning components 21. The bottom end of the upright 211 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate. The connecting frame 3 is connected with an upwardly extending connecting rod 31. The furnace body 1 is fixedly equipped with a guide sleeve 11 that slides with the connecting rod 31. The connecting rod 31 is made of the same material as the connecting frame 3. The top end of the connecting rod 31 is equipped with a perforated plate 32. A temperature trigger 4 is installed between the perforated plate 32 and the furnace body 1. The perforated plate 32 is made of the same material as the connecting rod 31. The thickness of the perforated plate 32 is 10-20mm. The perforated plate 32 has a through hole that matches the temperature trigger 4. The diameter of the through hole is 0.1-0.3mm larger than the diameter of the temperature trigger 4 to ensure that the temperature trigger 4 can pass smoothly through the through hole.

[0037] The furnace body 1 has insertion holes corresponding to the orifice plate 32. These holes are located on the top or side wall of the furnace body 1, and their diameter matches that of the temperature trigger 4 to ensure reliable insertion. The temperature trigger 4 passes between the orifice plate 32 and the insertion hole to limit the initial position of the connecting frame 3. The temperature trigger 4 is a low-melting-point component that will melt or fail mechanically within the temperature range of 300℃ to 600℃. The material of the temperature trigger 4 is zinc-aluminum alloy, whose melting point is between 300℃ and 600℃, meeting the performance requirements of the temperature trigger 4. The diameter of the temperature trigger 4 is 5-10mm, and its length is 50-100mm to ensure sufficient strength and length to reliably limit the initial position of the connecting frame 3.

[0038] In the initial state, the connecting frame 3 is in the upper limit position, and the temperature trigger 4 is inserted between the perforated plate 32 and the insertion hole, restricting the movement of the connecting frame 3. When the temperature inside the furnace body 1 rises to the preset trigger temperature, the temperature trigger 4 melts or fails, losing its restrictive function on the connecting frame 3. The connecting frame 3 moves downward under its own weight or the preset load, causing the upright 211 to generate relative displacement, so that the scraping part rubs or scrapes against the inner wall of the magnesium block hole, thereby destroying the reaction shell layer formed on the inner wall of the magnesium block hole.

[0039] A counterweight can be installed on the connecting frame 3. The counterweight increases the weight of the connecting frame 3, allowing it to move downwards quickly after the temperature trigger 4 fails, thereby increasing the friction or scraping force between the scraping part and the inner wall of the magnesium block hole. The counterweight is made of cast iron or stainless steel, and its weight can be adjusted according to actual needs. The counterweight is connected to the connecting frame 3 by threads or snap-fit, facilitating its installation and removal.

[0040] The positioning component 21 maintains a preset distance between adjacent magnesium blocks. The preset distance is 50-100mm, which allows magnesium vapor to flow smoothly between the magnesium blocks and migrate to the condensation area, thereby reducing magnesium vapor retention and secondary reaction losses.

[0041] The inner wall of furnace body 1 is equipped with a heat insulation layer made of high-temperature resistant insulation material, such as ceramic fiber wool, rock wool, or aluminosilicate fiber wool. The thickness of the insulation layer is 100-200mm. Ceramic fiber wool has good heat insulation performance, high-temperature resistance, and chemical stability; rock wool has good heat insulation performance and strong fire resistance; and aluminosilicate fiber wool has excellent high-temperature resistance and good heat insulation effect. These features effectively reduce heat loss from the interior of furnace body 1 and lower energy consumption. A reflective layer, made of aluminum foil or stainless steel foil, is installed on the inner side of the insulation layer to reflect heat and further improve the insulation effect. The reflective layer has a thickness of 0.1-0.3mm and is fixed to the inner side of the insulation layer by adhesive or riveting.

[0042] The furnace body 1 is equipped with a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor. The temperature sensor is used to monitor the internal temperature of the furnace body 1 in real time, and the pressure sensor is used to monitor the internal pressure of the furnace body 1 in real time. The temperature sensor can be a thermocouple temperature sensor or a resistance temperature sensor. Thermocouple temperature sensors have advantages such as a wide measurement range and fast response speed, while resistance temperature sensors have advantages such as high measurement accuracy and good stability. The temperature sensor's measurement range is 0℃-1000℃, and the measurement accuracy is ±1℃. The pressure sensor can be a strain gauge pressure sensor or a capacitive pressure sensor. Strain gauge pressure sensors have advantages such as simple structure and high reliability, while capacitive pressure sensors have advantages such as high measurement accuracy and fast response speed. The pressure sensor's measurement range is 0-1MPa, and the measurement accuracy is ±0.01MPa.

[0043] Both temperature and pressure sensors are electrically connected to the controller, which can be a PLC controller or a microcontroller controller. PLC controllers offer advantages such as flexible programming, high reliability, and strong anti-interference capabilities, while microcontroller controllers are characterized by small size, low cost, and low power consumption. The controller is electrically connected to the heating and vacuum devices of furnace body 1. The heating device can be a resistance heating tube or an induction heating coil. Resistance heating tubes offer advantages such as simple structure and uniform heating, while induction heating coils offer advantages such as fast heating speed and high efficiency. The power of the heating device can be adjusted according to the size of furnace body 1 and heating requirements, typically ranging from 10-50kW. The vacuum device can be a rotary vane vacuum pump or a Roots vacuum pump. Rotary vane vacuum pumps offer advantages such as high vacuum and stable pumping speed, while Roots vacuum pumps offer advantages such as high pumping speed and high efficiency. The pumping speed of the vacuum device can be adjusted according to the volume of furnace body 1 and vacuum requirements, typically ranging from 100-500L / s.

[0044] When the temperature or pressure inside furnace 1 exceeds a preset value, the controller can automatically adjust the power of the heating device or the operating status of the vacuum device to ensure that the purification process is carried out under stable temperature and pressure conditions. For example, when the temperature inside furnace 1 exceeds the preset value, the controller controls the heating device to reduce its power or stop working; when the temperature inside furnace 1 is lower than the preset value, the controller controls the heating device to increase its power or start working. When the pressure inside furnace 1 exceeds the preset value, the controller controls the vacuum device to increase its pumping speed or start working; when the pressure inside furnace 1 is lower than the preset value, the controller controls the vacuum device to reduce its pumping speed or stop working.

[0045] A cooling device, comprising cooling water pipes and a cooling fan, is installed on the outer side of the furnace body 1. The cooling water pipes are wound around the outer wall of the furnace body 1. The material of the cooling water pipes is stainless steel, such as 304 or 316 stainless steel, with a diameter of 10-20 mm and a wall thickness of 1-3 mm to ensure sufficient strength and corrosion resistance. The winding density of the cooling water pipes is 5-10 turns per meter of furnace body 1 to ensure full contact between the cooling water pipes and the furnace body 1, thereby improving the cooling effect.

[0046] Cooling fans are installed on one side of furnace body 1. The power of the cooling fans is 0.5-1.5kW, and the air outlets of the cooling fans face the outer wall of furnace body 1. They are used to force-cool furnace body 1 to accelerate the cooling rate of furnace body 1 and improve production efficiency. There are 1-4 cooling fans, which are evenly distributed around the circumference of furnace body 1 to ensure uniform cooling.

[0047] The working principle is as follows: First, the magnesium blocks to be purified are loaded into the furnace body 1 through the feed inlet, so that each magnesium block is fitted onto the upright 211 of the positioning component 21. The chamfered structure at the top of the upright 211 reduces the assembly resistance and ensures that the magnesium blocks are placed stably. The adjacent magnesium blocks maintain a preset distance of 50-100mm to reserve a channel for the flow of magnesium vapor. Then, the sealing cover of the feed inlet is closed, and the furnace body 1 is sealed by the sealing gasket. Then, the vacuum system is started to evacuate the furnace body 1 to the preset vacuum level. At the same time, the temperature control system is started to heat the inside of the furnace body 1 through the heating device. In the initial stage of heating, the temperature trigger 4 made of zinc-aluminum alloy is in a complete state, passing between the perforated plate 32 and the insertion hole of the furnace body 1, restricting the position of the connecting frame 3 and keeping the connecting frame 3 in the upper limit position. At this time, the scraping part composed of the spiral wire 2111 and the connecting ring 2112 on the upright 211 is in an initial contact state with the inner wall of the magnesium block hole, and no friction is generated. As the temperature inside the furnace body 1 gradually rises to the preset trigger temperature of 300℃-600℃, the temperature trigger 4 melts or fails in mechanical performance, losing its limiting function on the connecting frame 3. After the temperature trigger 4 fails, the connecting frame 3 moves downward under its own weight or the weight of the counterweight, causing the upright 211 to move downward synchronously. This causes the spiral wire 2111 and the connecting ring 2112 on the upright 211 to have axial displacement relative to the inner wall of the magnesium block hole. Since the spiral wire 2111 has a symmetrical spiral structure, it will form a continuous friction and scraping effect on the inner wall of the magnesium block hole during the downward movement. At the same time, the connecting ring 2112 slides along the axial direction of the upright 211, assisting in scraping the inner wall of the hole. This effectively destroys the reaction shell layer formed on the inner wall of the magnesium block hole during the high-temperature reduction process, preventing the shell layer from hindering the reduction and evaporation of magnesium. Subsequently, the temperature inside furnace 1 continues to rise to the thermal reduction reaction temperature. Under the high-temperature, vacuum reducing atmosphere, the magnesium element in the magnesium blocks is reduced to magnesium vapor. Due to the sufficient spacing between adjacent magnesium blocks, the magnesium vapor can flow smoothly and migrate to the condensation area of ​​furnace 1, effectively reducing magnesium vapor retention and secondary reaction losses. During this process, the temperature control system monitors the furnace temperature in real time through temperature sensors, and the controller adjusts the power of the heating device according to the temperature signal to ensure that the furnace temperature remains stable within the preset range. The vacuum system monitors the furnace pressure through pressure sensors, and the controller adjusts the pumping speed of the vacuum device in real time to maintain a stable vacuum level inside the furnace, ensuring efficient reduction reaction. After the purification reaction is completed, the controller shuts off the heating device and starts the cooling device. The cooling water pipes wrapped around the outer wall of furnace 1 and the circumferentially distributed cooling fans force-cool furnace 1, accelerating the cooling rate of furnace 1 and improving production efficiency. After the temperature inside furnace 1 drops to room temperature, the vacuum system and cooling device are shut off, the feed inlet sealing cover is opened, and the purified high-purity magnesium product is taken out, completing the entire purification process.

[0048] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-purity magnesium purification apparatus, comprising a furnace body (1), characterized in that: The furnace body (1) is equipped with a feeding rack (2), and multiple positioning components (21) for positioning magnesium blocks are evenly arranged on the feeding rack (2). The positioning component (21) includes multiple uprights (211) that can slide up and down relative to the feeding rack (2), with magnesium blocks passing through the uprights (211), and the uprights (211) being provided with scraping parts for acting on the inner wall of the magnesium block hole; The bottom ends of multiple uprights (211) are connected together by a connecting frame (3). The connecting frame (3) is provided with a connecting part, and a temperature trigger (4) is provided between the connecting part and the furnace body (1). In the initial state, the connecting frame (3) is in the upper limit position. When the temperature inside the furnace body (1) rises to the preset trigger temperature, the temperature trigger (4) melts or fails, causing the connecting frame (3) to move downward under its own weight or preset load, which drives the upright (211) to generate relative displacement, so that the scraping part rubs or scrapes against the inner wall of the magnesium block hole, thereby destroying the reaction shell layer formed on the inner wall of the magnesium block hole.

2. The high-purity magnesium purification apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scraping part includes a spiral wire (2111) and a connecting ring (2112). The top end of the spiral wire (2111) is fixedly connected to the upper part of the upright (211), and the bottom end of the spiral wire (2111) is fixedly connected to the connecting ring (2112). The connecting ring (2112) is sleeved on the outside of the upright (211) and can move axially relative to the upright (211).

3. The high-purity magnesium purification apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The top edge of the upright (211) and the bottom edge of the connecting ring (2112) are both provided with chamfered structures to reduce the assembly resistance and thermal deformation jamming between the upright (211) and the magnesium block hole wall.

4. The high-purity magnesium purification apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The number of spiral wires (2111) is two, and the two spiral wires (2111) are symmetrically distributed along the axis of the upright (211).

5. The high-purity magnesium purification apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The spiral wire (2111) and the connecting ring (2112) are made of graphite material that is resistant to high temperature and reducing atmosphere corrosion.

6. The high-purity magnesium purification apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting frame (3) is connected to an upwardly extending connecting rod (31). The top of the connecting rod (31) is provided with a perforated plate (32). The furnace body (1) is provided with a socket corresponding to the position of the perforated plate (32). The temperature trigger (4) is inserted between the perforated plate (32) and the socket to limit the initial position of the connecting frame (3).

7. The high-purity magnesium purification apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The temperature triggering element (4) is a low-melting-point component that is prone to melting or mechanical failure in the range of 300℃ to 600℃.

8. The high-purity magnesium purification apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The temperature trigger (4) is made of zinc-aluminum alloy.

9. The high-purity magnesium purification apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upright (211) is made of graphite, ceramic, metal ceramic or heat-resistant alloy material that is resistant to high temperature and has a certain toughness.

10. The high-purity magnesium purification apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning component (21) maintains a preset distance between adjacent magnesium blocks, allowing magnesium vapor to flow smoothly between the magnesium blocks and migrate to the condensation area, thereby reducing magnesium vapor retention and secondary reaction losses.

Images