A coal stress monitoring device and its usage method

Abstract

This invention provides a coal stress monitoring device and its usage method. The device includes a monitoring component pre-embedded in a coal and rock measuring point for monitoring coal stress. An external support rod is detachably mounted on the bottom of the monitoring component. A positioning cylinder for inserting the bottom of the external support rod is pluggably mounted on the mounting surface of the coal and rock measuring point. Driving the external support rod into the positioning cylinder triggers a first positioning mechanism to lock the relative position of the positioning cylinder at the mounting surface. A second positioning mechanism locks the relative position of the external support rod within the positioning cylinder and simultaneously locks the relative position of the top of the external support rod at the bottom of the monitoring component. This coal stress monitoring device allows for convenient and efficient installation of the monitoring component at the coal and rock measuring point. After installation, it is stable and reliable, preventing the stress gauge from tilting or falling due to impact during backfilling of the mounting surface. This ensures accurate and stable monitoring of coal stress at the measuring point, guaranteeing production safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of stress measurement technology, specifically to a coal stress monitoring device and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] The statements herein provide only background information in relation to this invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] In the fields of coal mining, roadway support, and rockburst prevention, real-time monitoring of the stress state of coal and rock mass is a core technology for ensuring safe production. Coal stress monitoring is a crucial link in ensuring safe production. When geological changes occur in a coal mining area, the stress at the coal seam changes accordingly. Therefore, real-time monitoring of the stress at the monitoring points is essential. If the stress change at the coal seam monitoring points is significant, an early warning system is activated to ensure production safety. Currently, the mainstream method for coal stress monitoring mainly uses traditional stress gauges (such as vibrating wire and resistance strain gauges), which need to be installed at the coal seam to be measured. Before installation, an installation surface needs to be excavated at the coal seam monitoring point. Holes are drilled on the installation surface, and the stress gauge is inserted and fixed at the drilled hole using its support rod. The installation surface is then backfilled, burying the stress gauge inside the coal seam to monitor the coal stress.

[0004] However, the installation method of inserting the stress gauge support rod directly into the borehole lacks necessary fixing measures. After installation and when the installation surface is backfilled, the stress gauge is easily affected by the impact from the backfill material and may tilt or fall over, which will affect the accuracy of stress monitoring at the coal and rock measuring point. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a coal stress monitoring device and its usage method.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a coal stress monitoring device includes a monitoring component pre-embedded in a coal and rock measuring point for monitoring coal stress, an external support rod is detachably provided at the bottom of the monitoring component, and a positioning cylinder for inserting the bottom of the external support rod is pluggably provided on the mounting surface of the coal and rock measuring point. It also includes a first positioning mechanism and a second positioning mechanism. The first positioning mechanism is triggered by driving the outer support rod to insert into the positioning cylinder, thereby locking the relative position of the positioning cylinder at the mounting surface. The second positioning mechanism is used to lock the relative position of the outer support rod in the positioning cylinder and simultaneously lock the relative position of the top of the outer support rod at the bottom of the monitoring component.

[0007] Furthermore, the first positioning mechanism includes a docking cylinder and a first transmission assembly concentrically arranged on the bottom wall of the positioning cylinder. The docking cylinder is rotatable relative to the positioning cylinder. Two inner support rods parallel to the axial direction of the outer support rod are arranged opposite each other on the outer wall of the positioning cylinder. The mounting surface is pre-drilled for the positioning cylinder to be inserted. By driving the bottom of the outer support rod to insert into the docking cylinder, the first transmission assembly is triggered, causing the inner support rod to deflect outward so as to abut against the wall of the drill hole.

[0008] Furthermore, the first transmission assembly includes a bottom rod elastically inserted into the bottom of the outer support rod. A protrusion is provided on the outer wall of the bottom rod near its bottom. A spiral groove is axially opened on the inner side of the docking cylinder and slides with the protrusion. The top of the docking cylinder has a connecting port that connects to the groove and allows the protrusion to enter the groove. A first conical tooth is sleeved and fixed on the outer side of the docking cylinder. Two rotating cylinders are inserted radially relative to each other on the wall of the positioning cylinder. A second conical tooth is provided on the end of each of the two rotating cylinders near the first conical tooth. The two second conical teeth respectively mesh with the two sides of the first conical tooth. A second connecting rod is threadedly inserted on the end of each of the two rotating cylinders away from the first conical tooth. The bottom ends of the two inner support rods are rotatably set on the corresponding cylinder walls of the positioning cylinder. One end of each of the two second connecting rods is pinned to the outer wall of the two inner support rods.

[0009] Furthermore, the outer wall of the positioning cylinder is provided with an axially oriented rod slot capable of accommodating the inner support rod.

[0010] Furthermore, the positioning cylinder has two opposing limiting blocks on its inner wall near its opening, and the outer wall of the outer support rod has two limiting grooves that cooperate with the corresponding limiting blocks. The bottom of the outer support rod has an opening that connects to the limiting groove so that the limiting block can enter the limiting groove. The opening and the protrusion are staggered.

[0011] Furthermore, the second positioning mechanism includes a fixed ring, a rotating ring, a connecting seat, a second transmission assembly, and a third transmission assembly. The fixed ring is sleeved and fixed on the outside of the positioning cylinder. The rotating ring is rotatably and concentrically suspended above the fixed ring and allows the bottom of the outer support rod to pass through the positioning cylinder. The connecting seat is fixed to the bottom of the monitoring assembly, and the bottom of the connecting seat has an insertion hole for the top of the outer support rod to be inserted. The second transmission component is triggered by driving the rotating ring to lock the relative position of the limiting block in the limiting groove, and the third transmission component is triggered to lock the relative position of the top of the outer support rod in the insertion hole.

[0012] Furthermore, the second transmission assembly includes two slide rods parallel to the outer support rod. The fixed ring has two opposing first slide grooves radially opened, and the moving ring has two opposing second slide grooves arc-shaped towards its center. The two ends of each slide rod are slidably inserted into the corresponding first and second slide grooves, respectively. A first locking rod parallel to the rotating cylinder is fixed on the side of the slide rod near the outer wall of the outer support rod. The first locking rod is slidably inserted into the corresponding limiting block, and a first locking hole that cooperates with the first locking rod is opened in the limiting groove.

[0013] Furthermore, the third transmission assembly includes two transmission rods axially movable inside the outer support rod. A first connecting rod is fixed between the two transmission rods. A telescopic rod parallel to the outer support rod is fixed to the top side of the outer wall of the first connecting rod. The top of the telescopic rod is fixed to the corresponding inner wall of the outer support rod. A first spring is sleeved on the outer side of the telescopic rod. The bottom of both transmission rods has a first slope that contacts and engages with the first locking rod. Two second locking rods are inserted radially inside the outer support rod. A second locking hole that engages with the second locking rod is opened on the inner wall of the insertion hole. The two second locking rods have a second slope that contacts and engages with the top of the transmission rod at the end near the transmission rod. The first locking rod is driven by a sliding rod to pass through the first locking hole and contact the transmission rod, causing the transmission rod to move upward and contact the second slope of the second locking rod, pushing the second locking rod to move and engage into the corresponding second locking hole.

[0014] Furthermore, the outer support rod has a through hole in its inner radial direction, a sliding sleeve is fixed in the through hole, the second clamp rod slides through the sliding sleeve, a washer is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the second clamp rod, and a second spring is sleeved on the outer side of the second clamp rod, with the two ends of the second spring connected to the outer wall of the sliding sleeve and the outer wall of the washer, respectively.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method of using a coal stress monitoring device, which is applied to any of the above-described devices, comprising the following steps: S1. Pre-preparation: Excavate the installation surface at coal and rock measuring point 101, and pre-drill holes on the installation surface; S2. Assemble the outer support rod and the positioning cylinder. Insert the positioning cylinder into the drill hole and insert the bottom of the outer support rod into the positioning cylinder. In conjunction with the use of the first positioning mechanism, lock the relative position of the positioning cylinder in the drill hole. S3. Assemble the monitoring component and the external support rod. Install the monitoring component on the top of the external support rod. With the help of the second positioning mechanism, lock the relative position of the external support rod in the positioning cylinder and the relative position of the top of the external support rod to the bottom of the monitoring component. S4. Backfilling and monitoring: Backfill and compact the installation surface. Before monitoring, zero the monitoring components and then use the monitoring components to monitor the stress of the coal body at the coal and rock measuring points in real time.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are reflected in: 1. The coal stress monitoring equipment of the present invention can conveniently and efficiently complete the installation of monitoring components at coal and rock measuring points. After installation, it is stable and reliable, and can avoid the stress gauge from tilting or falling due to impact during backfilling of the installation surface. This ensures that the coal stress at the coal and rock measuring points can be accurately and stably monitored and monitored in advance, thus ensuring production safety.

[0017] 2. The coal stress monitoring device of the present invention, by setting up a first positioning mechanism and a second positioning mechanism to work together, can sequentially complete the installation and fixation of the positioning cylinder at the mounting surface, the installation and fixation of the external support rod in the positioning cylinder, and the installation and fixation of the monitoring component at the top of the external support rod, which is convenient and efficient.

[0018] 3. The method of using the coal stress monitoring equipment of the present invention has a single installation sequence to prevent incorrect assembly, which can conveniently and efficiently complete the assembly of the monitoring components at the coal and rock measuring points, is safe and reliable, and ensures the accuracy of subsequent coal stress monitoring at the coal and rock measuring points. Attached Figure Description

[0019] In the attached diagram: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the coal stress monitoring device provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention installed on the coal and rock measuring point mounting surface; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the coal stress monitoring equipment after it has been installed at the coal and rock measuring points and the installation surface has been backfilled and compacted. Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the coal seam stress monitoring equipment in an assembled state on the mounting surface; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A partial cross-sectional view of the equipment in its assembled state on the mounting surface; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 6 for Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point B; Figure 7 for Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point C; Figure 8 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the central locating ring; Figure 9 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure after the moving ring is rotated 180°; Figure 10 for Figure 4 A partial cross-sectional view of the structure after the bottom of the outer and middle struts are fully inserted into the docking cylinder; Figure 11 for Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the groove distribution after the middle connecting cylinder is unfolded; Figure 12 for Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the middle connecting cylinder in another state (the outer support rod is not inserted into the connecting cylinder). Figure 13 for Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the positioning cylinder in another state (the outer support rod is not inserted into the positioning cylinder). Figure 14 for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure with the outer and middle struts viewed from another angle; Figure 15 for Figure 14 A partial cross-sectional structural diagram of the inner and outer struts; Figure 16 for Figure 15 Enlarged structural diagram at point D; Figure 17 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the middle connector; Figure 18 This is a flowchart illustrating the method of using the coal stress monitoring equipment provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Monitoring component; 2. External support rod; 3. Positioning cylinder; 4. Drill hole; 5. Connecting cylinder; 6. Groove; 7. Connecting port; 8. Protrusion; 9. Limiting block; 10. Limiting groove; 11. Fixed ring; 12. Moving ring; 13. First sliding groove; 14. Second sliding groove; 15. Sliding rod; 16. First locking rod; 17. First locking hole; 18. Transmission rod; 19. First ramp; 20. First connecting rod; 21. Telescopic rod; 22. 1. Perforation; 23. Sliding sleeve; 24. Second locking rod; 25. Washer ring; 26. Second ramp; 27. Connecting seat; 28. Insertion hole; 29. ​​Second locking hole; 30. Track block; 31. Track groove; 32. First bevel tooth; 33. Rotary cylinder; 34. Second bevel tooth; 35. Second connecting rod; 36. Inner support rod; 37. Rod placement groove; 38. Bottom rod; 39. Elastic column; 100. Mounting surface; 101. Rock measuring point. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the invention, and not all of them. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0022] Example 1 Please combine Figures 1 to 17 .

[0023] The coal stress monitoring equipment includes a monitoring component 1 pre-embedded in the coal and rock measuring point 101 for monitoring coal stress. The bottom of the monitoring component 1 is detachably provided with an external support rod 2, and the mounting surface 100 of the coal and rock measuring point 101 is provided with a positioning cylinder 3 for the bottom of the external support rod 2 to be inserted into.

[0024] It also includes a first positioning mechanism and a second positioning mechanism. The first positioning mechanism is triggered by driving the outer support rod 2 to insert into the positioning cylinder 3, thereby locking the relative position of the positioning cylinder 3 at the mounting surface 100. The second positioning mechanism is used to lock the relative position of the outer support rod 2 in the positioning cylinder 3 and simultaneously lock the relative position of the top of the outer support rod 2 at the bottom of the monitoring component 1.

[0025] In practice, a positioning cylinder 3 is pre-installed at coal and rock measuring point 101. The bottom of the outer support rod 2 is inserted into the positioning cylinder 3. With the help of the first positioning mechanism, the relative position of the positioning cylinder 3 at the mounting surface 100 is locked, completing the installation and fixation of the positioning cylinder 3 at the coal and rock measuring point 101. Then, the monitoring component 1 is installed on top of the outer support rod 2. With the help of the second positioning mechanism, the relative position of the outer support rod 2 in the positioning cylinder 3 is locked simultaneously, thus completing the fixation of the outer support rod 2 in the positioning cylinder 3. Simultaneously, the relative position of the top of the outer support rod 2 to the bottom of the monitoring component 1 is locked, thus completing the installation and fixation of the monitoring component 1 on top of the outer support rod 2. After installation, the stress of the coal body is monitored at the coal and rock measuring point 101 through the monitoring component.

[0026] The advantage of this design is that it allows for the convenient and efficient sequential installation and fixing of the positioning cylinder 3 at the coal and rock measuring point 101, the installation and fixing of the external support rod 2 in the positioning cylinder 3, and the installation and fixing of the monitoring component 1 on the top of the external support rod 2. This enables the convenient and efficient installation of the monitoring component at the coal and rock measuring point 101, and ensures that the installation is stable and reliable. It also prevents the stress gauge from being impacted and tilted during backfilling of the installation surface, and allows for accurate and stable monitoring of the coal stress at the coal and rock measuring point 101 in subsequent operations.

[0027] It should be noted that the monitoring component 1 in this embodiment can be a stress gauge. A stress gauge is a specialized instrument used to measure the original stress state and its changes in coal. It mainly calculates the ground stress by measuring the pressure change before and after stress relief using a rigid deformation gauge. Monitoring coal stress using a stress gauge in this application is prior art and will not be elaborated further here.

[0028] In one embodiment, the first positioning mechanism includes a docking cylinder 5 concentrically arranged on the bottom wall of the positioning cylinder 3 and a first transmission component. The docking cylinder 5 is rotatable relative to the positioning cylinder 3. Two inner support rods 36 parallel to the axial direction of the outer support rod 2 are arranged opposite each other on the outer wall of the positioning cylinder 3. The mounting surface 100 is pre-drilled with a hole 4 for the positioning cylinder 3 to be inserted. By driving the bottom of the outer support rod 2 to insert into the docking cylinder 5, the first transmission component is triggered, which drives the inner support rods 36 to deflect outward so as to abut against the wall of the hole 4.

[0029] Thus, when the outer support rod 2 is inserted into the positioning cylinder 3 and the bottom is inserted into the docking cylinder 5, the first transmission component can be triggered, causing the inner support rod 36 to deflect outward to abut against the hole wall of the drill hole 4. This can achieve the tight fixation of the positioning cylinder 3 in the drill hole 4, and prevent the outer support rod 2 from being axially inserted in the drill hole 4 during the backfilling of the installation surface 100 later, thereby preventing the stress gauge from tilting or leaning.

[0030] In one embodiment, the first transmission component includes a bottom rod 38 elastically inserted into the bottom of the outer support rod 2. A protrusion 8 is provided on the outer wall of the bottom rod (38) near its bottom. A groove 6 in a spiral shape and slidingly engaged with the protrusion 8 is provided on the inner side of the docking cylinder 5. The top of the docking cylinder 5 has an access port 7 that connects to the groove 6 and allows the protrusion 8 to enter the groove 6. A first conical tooth 32 is sleeved and fixed on the outer side of the docking cylinder 5. Two rotating cylinders 33 are inserted radially on the wall of the positioning cylinder 3. A second conical tooth 34 is provided on the end of each of the two rotating cylinders 33 near the first conical tooth 32. The two second conical teeth 34 respectively mesh with the two sides of the first conical tooth 32. A second connecting rod 35 is threadedly inserted on the end of each of the two rotating cylinders 33 away from the first conical tooth 32. The bottom ends of the two inner support rods 36 are rotatably set on the corresponding cylinder wall of the positioning cylinder 3. One end of each of the two second connecting rods 35 is pinned to the outer wall of the two inner support rods 36.

[0031] Thus, when the bottom of the outer support rod 2 is inserted into the docking cylinder 5, the protrusion 8 can enter the groove 6 through the access port 7. As the outer support rod 2 moves axially, the protrusion 8 can continuously rub and squeeze the groove wall of the groove 6, forcing the docking cylinder 5 to rotate in one direction. The docking cylinder 5 drives the first bevel tooth 32 to rotate, and the first bevel tooth 32 drives the two second bevel teeth 34 on both sides to rotate. Each second bevel tooth 34 drives the corresponding rotating cylinder 33 to rotate, so that the rotating cylinder 33 and the corresponding second connecting rod 35 have mutual thread action, so as to push the inner support rod 36 to deflect outward towards the positioning cylinder 3 until it abuts against the hole wall of the drill hole 4, thereby fixing the positioning cylinder 3 in the drill hole 4.

[0032] It should be noted that a coil spring (not shown in the figure) is provided at the bottom of the docking cylinder 5 to ensure that the guide port 7 is always directly above the protrusion 8 before the bottom rod 38 is inserted into the docking cylinder 5, so that the protrusion 8 can directly enter the groove 6 through the guide port 7 when the bottom rod 38 moves down. When the bottom rod 38 enters the docking cylinder 5 and causes the docking cylinder 5 to rotate, the coil spring gradually deforms and accumulates elastic potential energy so as to help the docking cylinder 5 rotate back to the initial position when the bottom plate 38 is withdrawn from the docking cylinder 5.

[0033] Additionally, when the bottom of the outer support rod 2 is inserted into the docking cylinder 5, to ensure that the limiting block 9 can move to the top of the limiting groove 10 so that the first locking rod 16 corresponds to the first locking hole 17, and to avoid the inner support rods 36 on both sides being blocked from unfolding (unable to unfold further to the predetermined angle) due to unevenness of the hole wall of the drill hole 4 or small diameter of the drill hole 4, thus preventing the bottom rod 38 from reaching the predetermined position in the docking cylinder 5, this embodiment provides an allowance at the bottom of the outer support rod 2 for the top of the bottom rod 38 to be inserted. The hole (not shown) connects the top of the bottom rod 38 to the top wall of the clearance hole via an elastic column 39. The elastic deformation of the elastic column 39 allows the outer support rod 2 to continue moving axially downward relative to the bottom rod 38 when the bottom rod 38 is obstructed or cannot continue to move to the predetermined position in the docking cylinder 5. This ensures that the limiting block 9 can move to the top of the limiting groove 10, so that the position of the first locking rod 16 corresponds to the position of the first locking hole 17, ensuring that the first locking rod 16 can be smoothly locked into the first locking hole 17 in the future.

[0034] In one embodiment, the outer wall of the positioning cylinder 3 is provided with a rod slot 37 that can accommodate the inner support rod 36.

[0035] Thus, when the inner support rod 36 is not deflected outward from the positioning cylinder 3, it is parallel to the positioning cylinder 3 and is completely contained in the rod groove 37, thus avoiding interference with the insertion or removal of the positioning cylinder 3 in the drill hole 4.

[0036] In one embodiment, the inner wall of the positioning cylinder 3 near its opening is provided with two opposing limiting blocks 9, and the outer wall of the outer support rod 2 is provided with two limiting grooves 10 that cooperate with the corresponding limiting blocks 9. The bottom of the outer support rod 2 has an opening (not shown) that communicates with the limiting grooves 10 so that the limiting blocks 9 can enter the limiting grooves 10. The openings are staggered with the protrusions 8.

[0037] Thus, the limiting block 9 and the limiting groove 10 can help to straighten the outer support rod 2 after it is inserted into the positioning cylinder 3, so as to prevent the monitoring component 1 from tilting when it is installed on the outer support rod 2, and avoid affecting the monitoring accuracy of the monitoring component 1 in monitoring the stress of the coal body at the coal and rock measuring point 101.

[0038] In one embodiment, the second positioning mechanism includes a fixed ring 11, a rotating ring 12, a connecting seat 27, a second transmission assembly, and a third transmission assembly. The fixed ring 11 is sleeved and fixed to the outside of the positioning cylinder 3. The rotating ring 12 is rotatably and concentrically suspended above the fixed ring 11, and allows the bottom of the outer support rod 2 to pass through the positioning cylinder 3. The rotating ring 12 can rotate relative to the outer support rod 2. The connecting seat 27 is fixed to the bottom of the monitoring assembly 1, and the bottom of the connecting seat 27 has an insertion hole 28 for the top of the outer support rod 2 to be inserted.

[0039] The second transmission component is triggered by driving the rotating ring 12 to lock the relative position of the limiting block 9 in the limiting groove 10, and the third transmission component is triggered to lock the relative position of the top of the outer support rod 2 in the insertion hole 28.

[0040] Thus, when the outer support rod 2 is fully inserted into the positioning cylinder 3 and the position of the positioning cylinder 3 in the drill hole 4 is locked, the top of the outer support rod 2 is inserted into the bottom insertion hole 28 of the connecting seat 27. Rotating the rotating ring 12 triggers the second transmission component to lock the relative position of the limiting block 9 in the limiting groove 10. When the relative position of the limiting block 9 in the limiting groove 10 is locked, the third transmission component is triggered to lock the relative position of the top of the outer support rod 2 in the insertion hole 28.

[0041] In one embodiment, the second transmission assembly includes two slide rods 15 parallel to the outer support rod 2. Two opposing first slide grooves 13 are radially formed on the fixed ring 11, and two opposing second slide grooves 14 are arc-shaped towards the ring center on the moving ring 12. The two ends of each slide rod 15 are slidably inserted into the corresponding first slide groove 13 and second slide groove 14, respectively. A first locking rod 16 parallel to the rotating cylinder 33 is fixed to the side of the slide rod 15 near the outer wall of the outer support rod 2. The first locking rod 16 is slidably inserted into the corresponding limiting block 9, and a first locking hole 17 that mates with the first locking rod 16 is formed in the limiting groove 10.

[0042] Thus, when the moving ring 12 rotates, the groove wall of the second sliding groove 14 on the moving ring 12 can rub and squeeze the sliding rod 15. Under the combined limiting action of the first sliding groove 13, the sliding rod 15 moves along the first sliding groove 13 toward the outer support rod 2. The sliding rod 15 drives the corresponding first locking rod 16 to be locked into the corresponding first locking hole 17 on the outer support rod 2, thereby locking the position of the limiting block 9 in the limiting groove 10, that is, locking the position of the outer support rod 2 in the positioning cylinder 3.

[0043] In one embodiment, the third transmission assembly includes two transmission rods 18 axially movable inside the outer support rod 2. A first connecting rod 20 is fixed between the two transmission rods 18. A telescopic rod 21 parallel to the outer support rod 2 is fixed to the top side of the outer wall of the first connecting rod 20. The top of the telescopic rod 21 is fixed to the corresponding inner wall of the outer support rod 2. A first spring is sleeved on the outer side of the telescopic rod 21. The bottom of each of the two transmission rods 18 has a first ramp 19 that contacts and engages with the first locking rod 16. Two second locking rods 24 are inserted radially inside the outer support rod 2. The inner wall of the insertion hole 28 has a second locking hole 29 that engages with the second locking rods 24. The end of each of the two second locking rods 24 near the transmission rod 18 has a second ramp 26 that contacts and engages with the top of the transmission rod 18. The first locking rod 16 is driven by the slide rod 15 to pass through the first locking hole 17 and contact the transmission rod 18, causing the transmission rod 18 to move upward and contact the second ramp 26 of the second locking rod 24, pushing the second locking rod 24 to move and engage into the corresponding second locking hole 29.

[0044] Thus, when the first locking rod 16 is engaged in the corresponding first locking hole 17 on the outer support rod 2, as the slide rod 15 continues to move, the slide rod 15 can drive the first locking rod 16 to extend further into the outer support rod 2, causing the first locking rod 16 to press against the first ramp 19, forcing the transmission rod 18 to move upward (the telescopic rod 21 and the first spring are compressed and deformed; the compression deformation of the first spring can release the transmission rod 18 when it is not pressed by the first locking rod 16, helping the transmission rod 18 to move downward and return to its initial position). The top of the transmission rod 18 presses against the second ramp 26, forcing the second locking rod 24 to move and engage in the second locking hole 29, thereby locking the position of the top of the outer support rod 2 in the insertion hole 28, and thus achieving relative locking between the top of the outer support rod 2 and the bottom of the monitoring component 1.

[0045] In one embodiment, the outer support rod 2 has a through hole 22 in the inner radial direction, a sliding sleeve 23 is fixed in the through hole 22, the second locking rod 24 slides through the sliding sleeve 23, a washer 25 is sleeved and fixed on the outer side of the second locking rod 24, and a second spring is sleeved on the outer side of the second locking rod 24. The two ends of the second spring are respectively connected to the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 23 and the outer wall of the washer 25.

[0046] Thus, when the second locking rod 24 moves toward the second locking hole 29, it can drive the washer ring 25 to move synchronously, and the second spring is stretched and deformed. When the second locking rod 24 is not pressed by the top of the transmission rod 18, the spring force of the second spring is released, causing the washer ring 25 to move in the opposite direction, so that the second locking rod 24 is disengaged from the second locking hole 29, so that the top of the outer support rod 2 is disengaged from the connecting seat 27.

[0047] In one embodiment, a track groove 31 is formed around the bottom of the moving ring 12, and a track block 30 that slides with the track groove 31 is provided on the top of the fixed ring 11.

[0048] Thus, the moving ring 12 can maintain a distance from the fixed ring 11 through the track groove 31 and the track block 30, and can rotate relative to the fixed ring 11.

[0049] Example 2 Please combine Figure 18 This embodiment provides a method for using a coal stress monitoring device, which is applied to the device in Embodiment 1 above, and includes the following steps: S1. Pre-preparation: Excavate installation surfaces 100 at coal and rock measuring points 101, and pre-drill boreholes on the installation surfaces 100. S2. Assemble the outer support rod 2 and the positioning cylinder 3, insert the positioning cylinder 3 into the drill hole 4, insert the bottom of the outer support rod 2 into the positioning cylinder 3, and lock the relative position of the positioning cylinder 3 in the drill hole 4 in conjunction with the use of the first positioning mechanism; S3. Assemble the monitoring component 1 and the outer support rod 2. Install the monitoring component 1 on the top of the outer support rod 2. With the help of the second positioning mechanism, lock the relative position of the outer support rod 2 in the positioning cylinder 3 and the relative position of the top of the outer support rod 2 on the bottom of the monitoring component 1. S4. Backfilling and monitoring: Backfill and compact the installation surface 100. Before monitoring, zero the monitoring component 1. Then, use the monitoring component 1 to monitor the stress of the coal body at the coal and rock measuring point 101 in real time. If the stress at the coal and rock measuring point changes significantly, the early warning equipment will issue an early warning to ensure production safety.

[0050] It is worth mentioning that the monitoring equipment of this application has a single, error-proof installation sequence at the coal and rock measuring point 101, which can conveniently and efficiently complete the assembly of the monitoring component 1 at the coal and rock measuring point 101. It is safe and reliable, and ensures the accuracy of subsequent monitoring of coal stress at the coal and rock measuring point 101. It can also work with the early warning equipment to issue an early warning when the coal and rock stress changes significantly, thus ensuring production safety.

[0051] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0052] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the invention involve directional indicators (such as up and down), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0053] Furthermore, the meaning of "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. Taking "A and / or B" as an example, it includes solution A, solution B, or a solution that satisfies both A and B. Additionally, if the embodiments of the invention involve descriptions such as "first," "second," etc., these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined with "first" or "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Furthermore, "multiple" refers to two or more. Moreover, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of a person skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the invention.

Claims

1. A coal body stress monitoring apparatus, characterised in that, The monitoring component (1) is embedded in the coal and rock measuring point (101) for monitoring the stress of the coal body. The bottom of the monitoring component (1) is detachably provided with an external support rod (2). The mounting surface (100) of the coal and rock measuring point (101) is provided with a positioning cylinder (3) for the bottom of the external support rod (2) to be inserted into. It also includes a first positioning mechanism and a second positioning mechanism. The first positioning mechanism is triggered by driving the outer support rod (2) to insert into the positioning cylinder (3) to lock the relative position of the positioning cylinder (3) at the mounting surface (100). The second positioning mechanism is used to lock the relative position of the outer support rod (2) in the positioning cylinder (3) and simultaneously lock the relative position of the top of the outer support rod (2) at the bottom of the monitoring component (1).

2. The coal stress monitoring apparatus of claim 1, wherein The first positioning mechanism includes a docking cylinder (5) concentrically arranged on the bottom wall of the positioning cylinder (3) and a first transmission component. The docking cylinder (5) can rotate relative to the positioning cylinder (3). The outer wall of the positioning cylinder (3) is provided with two inner support rods (36) parallel to the axial direction of the outer support rod (2). The mounting surface (100) is pre-drilled with a hole (4) for the positioning cylinder (3) to be inserted. By driving the bottom of the outer support rod (2) to be inserted into the docking cylinder (5), the first transmission component is triggered, which drives the inner support rod (36) to deflect outward so as to abut against the hole wall of the hole (4).

3. The coal stress monitoring apparatus of claim 2, wherein The first transmission assembly includes a bottom rod (38) elastically inserted into the bottom of the outer support rod (2). A protrusion (8) is provided on the outer wall of the bottom rod (38) near its bottom. A groove (6) in a spiral shape is axially opened on the inner side of the docking cylinder (5) and slides with the protrusion (8). The top of the docking cylinder (5) has a connecting port (7) that connects to the groove (6) and allows the protrusion (8) to enter the groove (6). A first conical tooth (32) is sleeved and fixed on the outer side of the docking cylinder (5). The positioning cylinder (3) has a relative diameter on its wall. Two rotating cylinders (33) are inserted into the cylinder. Each of the two rotating cylinders (33) has a second bevel tooth (34) at the end near the first bevel tooth (32). The two second bevel teeth (34) mesh with the two sides of the first bevel tooth (32). Each of the two rotating cylinders (33) has a second connecting rod (35) threaded into the end away from the first bevel tooth (32). The bottom ends of the two inner support rods (36) are rotatably set on the corresponding cylinder wall of the positioning cylinder (3). One end of the two second connecting rods (35) is pinned to the outer wall of the two inner support rods (36).

4. The coal stress monitoring apparatus of claim 3, wherein The outer wall of the positioning cylinder (3) is provided with a rod slot (37) that can accommodate the inner support rod (36).

5. The coal stress monitoring apparatus of claim 3, wherein The positioning cylinder (3) has two opposing limiting blocks (9) on its inner side wall near its opening. The outer support rod (2) has two limiting grooves (10) that cooperate with the corresponding limiting blocks (9) on its outer wall. The bottom of the outer support rod (2) has an opening that connects to the limiting groove (10) so that the limiting block (9) can enter the limiting groove (10). The opening is staggered with the protrusion (8).

6. The coal stress monitoring apparatus of claim 5, wherein The second positioning mechanism includes a fixed ring (11), a moving ring (12), a connecting seat (27), a second transmission component and a third transmission component. The fixed ring (11) is sleeved and fixed on the outside of the positioning cylinder (3). The moving ring (12) is rotatably suspended concentrically above the fixed ring (11) and allows the bottom of the outer support rod (2) to pass through the positioning cylinder (3). The connecting seat (27) is fixed on the bottom of the monitoring component (1). The bottom of the connecting seat (27) has an insertion hole (28) for the top of the outer support rod (2) to be inserted. The second transmission component is triggered by driving the rotating ring (12) to lock the relative position of the limiting block (9) in the limiting groove (10), and the third transmission component is triggered to lock the relative position of the top of the outer support rod (2) in the insertion hole (28).

7. The coal stress monitoring apparatus of claim 6, wherein The second transmission assembly includes two slide rods (15) parallel to the outer support rod (2). The fixed ring (11) has two opposing first slide grooves (13) radially opened, and the moving ring (12) has two opposing second slide grooves (14) arc-shaped towards its center. The two ends of each slide rod (15) are slidably inserted into the corresponding first slide groove (13) and second slide groove (14). A first locking rod (16) parallel to the rotating cylinder (33) is fixed on the side of the slide rod (15) near the outer wall of the outer support rod (2). The first locking rod (16) is slidably inserted into the corresponding limiting block (9). A first locking hole (17) that cooperates with the first locking rod (16) is opened in the limiting groove (10).

8. The coal stress monitoring apparatus of claim 7, wherein The third transmission assembly includes two transmission rods (18) axially movable inside the outer support rod (2). A first connecting rod (20) is fixed between the two transmission rods (18). A telescopic rod (21) parallel to the outer support rod (2) is fixed to the top side of the outer wall of the first connecting rod (20). The top of the telescopic rod (21) is fixed to the corresponding inner wall of the outer support rod (2). A first spring is sleeved on the outer side of the telescopic rod (21). The bottom of both transmission rods (18) has a first ramp (19) that contacts and engages with the first locking rod (16). The outer support rod (2) is inserted radially inside. There are two second locking rods (24). The inner wall of the insertion hole (28) is provided with a second locking hole (29) that cooperates with the second locking rod (24). The two second locking rods (24) have a second ramp (26) that contacts and cooperates with the top of the transmission rod (18) at the end near the transmission rod (18). The first locking rod (16) is driven by the slide rod (15) to pass through the first locking hole (17) and contact the transmission rod (18), so that the transmission rod (18) moves up to contact the second ramp (26) of the second locking rod (24), and pushes the second locking rod (24) to move and lock into the corresponding second locking hole (29).

9. The coal stress monitoring apparatus of claim 8, wherein The outer support rod (2) has a through hole (22) in its inner radial direction. A sliding sleeve (23) is fixed in the through hole (22). The second clamp rod (24) slides through the sliding sleeve (23). A washer (25) is sleeved and fixed on the outside of the second clamp rod (24). A second spring is sleeved on the outside of the second clamp rod (24). The two ends of the second spring are respectively connected to the outer wall of the sliding sleeve (23) and the outer wall of the washer (25).

10. A method of using a coal body stress monitoring apparatus, for use in the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised by, Includes the following steps: S1. Pre-preparation: Excavate the installation surface (100) at the coal and rock measuring point (101) and pre-drill boreholes on the installation surface (100); S2. Assemble the outer support rod (2) and the positioning cylinder (3), insert the positioning cylinder (3) into the drill hole, insert the bottom of the outer support rod (2) into the positioning cylinder (3), and lock the relative position of the positioning cylinder (3) in the drill hole (4) in conjunction with the use of the first positioning mechanism; S3. Assemble the monitoring component (1) and the outer support rod (2). Install the monitoring component (1) on the top of the outer support rod (2). With the help of the second positioning mechanism, lock the relative position of the outer support rod (2) in the positioning cylinder (3) and the relative position of the top of the outer support rod (2) at the bottom of the monitoring component (1). S4. Backfilling and monitoring: Backfill and compact the installation surface (100). Before monitoring, zero the monitoring component (1). Then, use the monitoring component (1) to monitor the stress of the coal body at the coal rock measuring point (101) in real time.

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