A power distribution cabinet with layered arrangement of components for smart grid

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of power distribution cabinet technology and discloses a layered component distribution cabinet for smart grids, comprising a cabinet body and a back plate. The back plate is fixedly connected to the cabinet body and adopts a multi-segment bending design. The three vertical segments of the back plate from bottom to top correspond to the high-voltage zone, the isolation zone, and the low-voltage zone, respectively. The high-voltage zone and the low-voltage zone are located on the same plane, and the isolation zone protrudes forward relative to the high-voltage zone and the low-voltage zone. The horizontal segment of the back plate has through grooves to form vertical heat dissipation channels. Cable trays are fixedly installed on the high-voltage zone, the isolation zone, and the low-voltage zone, respectively. This layered component distribution cabinet for smart grids can effectively solve the problems in the prior art, where the mounting surfaces of each zone in the power distribution cabinet for smart grids are flush, making it impossible to form effective airflow gaps, resulting in low heat dissipation efficiency and easy generation of heat dissipation dead zones, as well as the problems of non-standard cross-zone cable management, easy loosening and tangling, blocking air ducts, and increasing maintenance difficulty.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power distribution cabinet technology, and more specifically to a power distribution cabinet with layered arrangement of components for smart grids. Background Technology

[0002] Compared to conventional distribution cabinets, smart grid-specific distribution cabinets have a higher degree of functional integration and more complex internal electrical component configurations. These electrical components generate electromagnetic interference during operation. To suppress the impact of electromagnetic interference on the performance of these components, these distribution cabinets generally adopt an EMC-zoned layout design. This means that, based on the functional attributes of the components and the intensity of electromagnetic radiation, the internal space of the cabinet is divided into a high-voltage zone (Zone A), an isolation zone (Zone B), and a low-voltage zone (Zone C). Each functional component is arranged according to the zoning requirements, and forced ventilation and heat dissipation are achieved in conjunction with an axial flow fan at the bottom of the cabinet.

[0003] The current structure still has the following problems: First, the electrical components in the high-voltage area, isolation area, and low-voltage area are all uniformly installed on the back panel via DIN rails. The mounting surfaces of each component are on the same plane, which makes it impossible to form a directional and orderly heat dissipation flow field. When the cooling airflow delivered by the axial fan at the bottom of the cabinet flows upward, it is blocked and interfered with by the lower components, making it difficult to effectively reach the upper area inside the cabinet. This leads to the deterioration of the heat dissipation conditions of the upper components and the low heat dissipation efficiency. Heat dissipation dead corners are easily formed inside the cabinet, and the overall heat dissipation effect is difficult to guarantee. Secondly, the cross-zone connection cables between different zones are simply fixed with conventional cable ties or clamps. The redundant length of the cables lacks standardized storage and organization, which easily leads to problems such as loose and tangled cables. The messy cables are interspersed among electrical components, and the heat generated during operation cannot be dissipated in time, further aggravating the overall heat accumulation inside the cabinet. Moreover, the disorderly cable layout also greatly increases the difficulty of electrical operation and maintenance and reduces the reliability of cabinet operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a layered distribution cabinet for smart grid components. This effectively solves the problems in existing smart grid distribution cabinets where the mounting surfaces of each zone are flush, failing to create effective airflow gaps, resulting in low heat dissipation efficiency and the creation of heat dissipation dead zones. It also addresses issues such as non-standard cross-zone cable management, which leads to loosening and tangling, blocking air ducts and increasing maintenance difficulty.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a component-layered distribution cabinet for smart grids, comprising: Cabinet; The back panel is fixedly connected to the cabinet and adopts a multi-segment bending design. The three vertical segments of the back panel from bottom to top correspond to the high-voltage area, the isolation area and the low-voltage area respectively. The high-voltage area and the low-voltage area are located on the same plane. The isolation area protrudes forward relative to the high-voltage area and the low-voltage area. The horizontal segment of the back panel has through grooves to form a vertical heat dissipation channel. The high-voltage area, the isolation area and the low-voltage area are respectively fixedly provided with wire grooves. The winding rod is fixedly installed between adjacent vertical installation sections of the back plate. The outer wall of the winding rod is provided with a guide groove. The back plate is also connected to a winding mechanism that allows the cross-regional cable to be wound around the winding rod along the guide groove. The shielding plate has three sections, each corresponding to a high-voltage area, an isolation area, and a low-voltage area. The rear side of the shielding plate is inserted into a slot reserved on the back plate and connected to a grounding mechanism located on the rear side of the back plate.

[0006] Furthermore, an axial flow fan is fixedly connected to the lower end of the cabinet to provide cooling airflow for the vertical heat dissipation channel from bottom to top.

[0007] Furthermore, the winding mechanism includes a winding seat, and multiple winding seats are evenly slidably sleeved on the winding rod. The winding seat consists of two symmetrically arranged ring plates and a connecting plate fixedly connected between the two ring plates. An adjustment component for rotating the winding seat is connected to the back plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the adjustment assembly includes a transmission gear, which is damped and rotatably connected to the winding seat. An adjustment rod is threadedly connected to the back plate, and a sleeve is slidably sleeved on the adjustment rod. The outer peripheral wall of the sleeve is uniformly provided with toothed grooves that mesh with the transmission gear along the axial direction.

[0009] Furthermore, the shielding plate is a cavity structure with an open rear end, which is enclosed with the corresponding vertical section of the back plate to form a closed electromagnetic shielding cavity. The rear side of the shielding plate is provided with an insert plate that mates with the slot, and the shielding plate is provided with a slot corresponding to the wire groove.

[0010] Furthermore, the grounding mechanism includes a folding rod, which is fixedly connected to the rear side of the back plate. The folding rod has a hollow structure and its front end face is provided with a clamping component for clamping the insert plate so as to conduct electricity with the shielding plate at a position corresponding to the slot.

[0011] Furthermore, the clamping assembly includes clamping blocks, two of which are symmetrically arranged in the folding rod. One clamping block is fixedly connected to the folding rod, and the other clamping block is slidably connected to the folding rod via a short rod, which is connected to the folding rod via a spring.

[0012] Furthermore, the multiple clamping blocks in the folding rod are connected by conductors and grounded.

[0013] The technical solution provided by this invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: 1. This invention designs the back panel with a multi-segment bending structure, making the isolation area protrude forward and the high-voltage and low-voltage areas coplanar. Combined with the horizontal through-slots of the back panel, a vertical heat dissipation channel is formed. The cold air delivered by the bottom-mounted axial fan can directly reach the high-voltage area where the heat is most severe, and the isolation area will not block the airflow channel of the low-voltage area, so as to achieve uniform heat dissipation in all areas of the cabinet. This solves the problems of traditional flush mounting surfaces not being able to form effective airflow gaps, low heat dissipation efficiency, and dead corners.

[0014] 2. This invention utilizes the winding rods and winding mechanism between adjacent sections of the back plate to guide the cross-regional cable to wind neatly along the axial direction of the guide groove. This avoids the problems of loose and tangled cables blocking the air duct and obstructing components, and also places the cable in the heat dissipation channel, allowing cool air to directly pass through the through groove and act on the cable, preventing local overheating due to cable stacking. At the same time, the damping design of the winding mechanism can adapt to cables of different lengths, preventing short cables from being pulled and damaged, and reducing the difficulty of operation and maintenance.

[0015] 3. This invention forms a closed electromagnetic shielding cavity by enclosing shielding plates and back plates that correspond one-to-one with the high-voltage area, isolation area, and low-voltage area. Combined with a grounding mechanism, the shielding plates are stably grounded, guiding electromagnetic interference to the ground and effectively isolating electromagnetic radiation between different areas, ensuring accurate signal transmission in the low-voltage area. At the same time, the shielding plates adopt a plug-in connection, and the clamping components of the grounding mechanism use springs to elastically clamp the plug plates, which not only facilitates the disassembly and maintenance of the shielding plates, but also prevents them from loosening due to vibration or cold air impact, further improving the stability and reliability of the distribution cabinet operation. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall separation structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the separate structure of the back plate, shielding plate, and axial flow fan in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the back plate, winding rod, winding mechanism and shielding plate according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the back plate in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6This is a schematic diagram showing the separation structure of the backplate, shielding plate, and grounding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the shielding plate and grounding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the back plate, winding rod, and winding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 A top-view structural diagram.

[0018] The labels in the diagram represent: 1. Cabinet; 2. Back panel; 21. High-voltage area; 22. Isolation area; 23. Low-voltage area; 24. Cable tray; 25. Slot; 3. Winding rod; 31. Guide groove; 4. Winding mechanism; 41. Winding base; 411. Ring plate; 412. Connecting plate; 42. Adjustment assembly; 421. Transmission gear; 422. Adjusting rod; 423. Sleeve; 424. Gear; 5. Shielding plate; 51. Insert plate; 6. Grounding mechanism; 61. Folding rod; 62. Clamping assembly; 621. Clamping block; 622. Short rod; 623. Spring; 63. Conductor; 7. Axial flow fan. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments.

[0021] Example: Please see Figure 1 - Figure 9 The present invention provides a technical solution: A component-layered distribution cabinet for smart grids, comprising: Cabinet 1; Back panel 2 is fixedly connected to cabinet 1 and adopts a multi-segment bending design. The three vertical segments of back panel 2 from bottom to top correspond to the high-voltage area 21, the isolation area 22 and the low-voltage area 23 respectively. The high-voltage area 21 and the low-voltage area 23 are located on the same plane. The isolation area 22 protrudes forward relative to the high-voltage area 21 and the low-voltage area 23. The horizontal segment of back panel 2 has a through groove to form a vertical heat dissipation channel. The high-voltage area 21, the isolation area 22 and the low-voltage area 23 are respectively fixedly provided with wire grooves 24. The winding rod 3 is fixedly installed between adjacent vertical installation sections of the back plate 2. The outer wall of the winding rod 3 is provided with a guide groove 31. The back plate 2 is also connected to a winding mechanism 4 that makes the cross-regional cable neatly wound along the guide groove 31 on the winding rod 3. The shielding plate 5 is provided in three parts, corresponding one-to-one with the three areas: the high-voltage area 21, the isolation area 22, and the low-voltage area 23. The rear side of the shielding plate 5 is inserted into the slot 25 reserved in the back plate 2 and connected to the grounding mechanism 6 located on the rear side of the back plate 2. An axial flow fan 7 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the cabinet 1, providing cooling airflow from bottom to top for the vertical heat dissipation channel.

[0022] Specifically, compared to conventional distribution cabinets, smart grid distribution cabinets integrate more electrical components and have higher requirements for operational stability. These components generate electromagnetic interference (EMC) during operation. Therefore, to effectively mitigate EMC interference, this distribution cabinet adopts an EMC zoning design. Based on the functional characteristics of the electrical components and the intensity of electromagnetic radiation, the cabinet is divided into a high-voltage zone 21 (Zone A), an isolation zone 22 (Zone B), and a low-voltage zone 23 (Zone C). Electrical components with corresponding functions are installed in their respective zones. Simultaneously, to ensure long-term stable operation, the distribution cabinet is equipped with a bottom-mounted axial flow fan 7, which provides auxiliary cooling through active airflow, improving the reliability of equipment operation.

[0023] In traditional designs, electrical components in areas A, B, and C are mounted on the same flat back panel 2, resulting in the components in each area being arranged vertically. This structure prevents the effective airflow gap from forming inside the cabinet when the axial fan 7 at the bottom of the cabinet 1 blows air upwards. Cold air cannot form a directional cooling channel, which in turn leads to a significant reduction in the heat dissipation efficiency of the electrical components in the upper area. Long-term operation is prone to overheating and failure, affecting the overall operational stability of the distribution cabinet.

[0024] To address the aforementioned technical issues, this invention optimizes the structure of the traditional flat back panel 2. While retaining the division into three zones (A, B, and C), it is designed as a multi-segment bent structure. This bent design directly forms a vertical heat dissipation channel running through the top and bottom of the cabinet 1. The electrical components in the lower zone A (high-voltage zone 21) consume the most power and generate the most heat. Its placement near the lower axial fan 7 allows cool air to directly reach the electrical components in this area, significantly improving heat dissipation efficiency and effectively preventing damage to the electrical components in the high-voltage zone 21 due to overheating. The electrical components in the middle zone B (isolation zone 22) receive effective cooling from the cool air below, while their forward-protruding structure does not obstruct the airflow channel of the upper low-voltage zone 23, ensuring that the electrical components in the low-voltage zone 23 also receive sufficient cool air. This achieves uniform heat dissipation for electrical components in all areas of the cabinet, further improving the operational stability of the distribution cabinet.

[0025] Meanwhile, this invention provides a winding rod 3 between adjacent vertical sections of the back plate 2 for winding and organizing cross-regional cables. The winding mechanism 4 can be manually adjusted to guide the cross-regional cables to wind and organize axially along the guide groove 31 on the outer wall of the winding rod 3. This arrangement not only ensures neat and orderly cable arrangement, facilitating later maintenance and organization and reducing maintenance workload, but also allows the winding rod 3, positioned at the through-slot of the horizontal section of the back plate 2, to allow the upward-blowing cool air from the axial fan 7 to directly pass through the through-slot and act on the wound cables. This prevents localized overheating caused by cable stacking and winding, further improving cable heat dissipation and ensuring cable transmission safety.

[0026] Furthermore, the present invention provides shielding plates 5 corresponding to the high-voltage area 21, the isolation area 22, and the low-voltage area 23. The shielding plates 5 are connected to the back plate 2 by a plug-in connection. This connection method can effectively shield electromagnetic interference between electrical components in each area, ensure the accuracy of signal transmission of electrical components in the low-voltage area 23, and facilitate the disassembly and maintenance of the shielding plates 5, reducing maintenance costs. The rear sides of the three shielding plates 5 are connected to the grounding mechanism 6 to achieve stable grounding, which not only ensures the reliable performance of the shielding function, but also further limits the shielding plates 5 through the grounding mechanism 6 to prevent them from loosening during equipment operation, further improving the overall stability and reliability of the distribution cabinet.

[0027] The winding mechanism 4 includes a winding seat 41, which is evenly slidably sleeved on the winding rod 3. The winding seat 41 is composed of two symmetrically arranged ring plates 411 and a connecting plate 412 fixedly connected between the two ring plates 411. An adjustment component 42 for rotating the winding seat 41 is connected to the back plate 2.

[0028] The adjustment assembly 42 includes a transmission gear 421, which is damped and rotatably connected to the winding seat 41. An adjustment rod 422 is threadedly connected to the back plate 2. A sleeve 423 is slidably sleeved on the adjustment rod 422. The outer peripheral wall of the sleeve 423 is uniformly provided with tooth grooves 424 along the axial direction that mesh with the transmission gear 421.

[0029] Specifically, in the installation and operation and maintenance of smart grid distribution cabinets, the connection and organization of cross-regional cables is one of the core procedures. Traditional distribution cabinets simply fix cross-regional cables with cable ties and clamps, and the excess cable cannot be properly stored, which can easily lead to loose, tangled, and stacked cables. This not only blocks the heat dissipation ducts and aggravates heat accumulation inside the cabinet, but also obstructs electrical components, causing great inconvenience to subsequent troubleshooting, inspection and maintenance. It may even cause the insulation layer to be damaged due to mutual friction between cables, leading to safety hazards such as short circuits and leakage.

[0030] To solve this problem, when electrical components are installed and cross-regional cable connections are required, the present invention first inserts the cable into the winding base 41, specifically into the wire hole formed by the ring plate 411, guide groove 31, and connecting plate 412, and then connects the cable to the corresponding electrical component. After all cross-regional cable wiring is completed, the adjusting rod 422 is rotated. The threaded engagement between the adjusting rod 422 and the back plate 2 drives the sleeve 423 to rotate synchronously. The sleeve 423 engages with the transmission gear 421 through the toothed groove 424 on its outer peripheral wall, thereby driving the transmission gear 421 to rotate synchronously. Since the transmission gear 421 and the winding base 41 are connected by damping, when the transmission gear 421 rotates, it drives the winding base 41 to slide along the guide groove 31 on the winding rod 3, thereby pulling the cable to be wound synchronously into the guide groove 31 of the winding rod 3, achieving neat winding of the cable.

[0031] In actual use, cable lengths vary across regions. When a shorter cable is wound up, the damping connection between the transmission gear 421 and the winding seat 41 acts as a buffer. At this point, when the transmission gear 421 continues to rotate, it will idle relative to the winding seat 41, no longer pulling the wound short cable, thus preventing excessive pulling and damage. The unwound long cable can continue to slide with the winding seat 41 to complete the winding process, effectively adapting to cables of different lengths and improving the equipment's versatility and practicality. After all cables are wound up, the adjusting rod 422 and the back plate 2 are connected by threads, providing a good self-locking effect. This effectively fixes the position of the winding seat 41, preventing the cables from loosening or shifting under the cold air from the axial flow fan 7.

[0032] Meanwhile, the cable is neatly wound along the guide groove 31, which can avoid the situation of the same cable being stacked inside and outside, and ensure that the cables wound in each layer can be directly exposed to the cold air. This effectively solves the problem that the inner layer cables cannot be cooled in time, further improves the heat dissipation effect of the cable, and ensures the safety of cable transmission and the overall operational stability of the equipment.

[0033] The shielding plate 5 is a cavity structure with an open rear end. It and the corresponding vertical section of the back plate 2 form a closed electromagnetic shielding cavity. This closed structure can greatly improve the electromagnetic shielding effect, effectively isolate electromagnetic radiation interference between electrical components in different areas, and ensure the stability of signal transmission of electrical components in the weak current area 23. The rear side of the shielding plate 5 is integrally formed with a plug plate 51 that is compatible with the slot 25 of the back plate 2. The size of the plug plate 51 is precisely matched with the slot 25 to ensure the sealing and firmness of the plug connection, and at the same time facilitate the quick positioning and installation of the shielding plate 5. The shielding plate 5 has slots corresponding to the wire grooves 24 in each area. The position and size of the slots are precisely matched with the wire grooves 24, which can enable the smooth passage of cables and avoid damage caused by friction between the cables and the edge of the shielding plate 5.

[0034] The grounding mechanism 6 includes a folding rod 61, which is fixedly connected to the rear side of the back plate 2. The folding rod 61 adopts a hollow structure design, which reduces the overall structural weight and facilitates the arrangement and concealment of the internal conductor 63. A clamping component 62 is provided on its front end face at a position corresponding to the slot 25 of the back plate 2. The clamping component 62 is used to clamp the insertion plate 51 of the shielding plate 5, so as to realize the stable conduction between the folding rod 61 and the shielding plate 5 and ensure the reliable realization of the grounding function.

[0035] The clamping assembly 62 includes clamping blocks 621. Two clamping blocks 621 are symmetrically arranged inside the folding rod 61 corresponding to each slot 25. One clamping block 621 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the folding rod 61, and the other clamping block 621 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the folding rod 61 through a short rod 622. A spring 623 is sleeved on the short rod 622. The two ends of the spring 623 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the folding rod 61 and the sliding clamping block 621, respectively. The elastic force of the spring 623 can realize the elastic clamping of the insert plate 51 by the clamping block 621. The multiple clamping blocks 621 inside the folding rod 61 are interconnected through a conductor 63, and the conductor 63 is connected to the grounding terminal to realize the synchronous grounding of all shielding plates 5.

[0036] Specifically, in the smart grid, the low-voltage zone 23 components are mainly responsible for signal acquisition, transmission, and control, and are extremely sensitive to electromagnetic interference. Meanwhile, the high-power zone 21 components generate strong electromagnetic radiation during operation. If electromagnetic interference is not effectively shielded, it can lead to signal distortion and transmission interruption in the low-voltage zone 23, directly affecting the intelligent control function of the distribution cabinet and even causing grid dispatching errors. Traditional distribution cabinets often use integrated shielding, which has limited shielding effectiveness, is inconvenient to disassemble and maintain, and has a relatively simple grounding structure, making it prone to poor shielding grounding.

[0037] To solve this problem, after the cable is wound up, the present invention installs the shielding plate 5 into the corresponding area of ​​the back plate 2. During installation, the insert plate 51 on the rear side of the shielding plate 5 is aligned with the reserved slot 25 on the back plate 2, and is smoothly inserted into the slot 25 and then pushed backward until the insert plate 51 extends between the two clamping blocks 621 inside the folding rod 61. At this time, the clamping blocks 621, which are slidably connected to the folding rod 61, will tightly abut the insert plate 51 against the fixedly connected clamping blocks 621 under the elastic force of the spring 623. This not only achieves stable clamping and limiting of the shielding plate 5, but also effectively prevents the shielding plate 5 from loosening or shifting due to vibration or cold air impact during equipment operation, thus improving installation stability. At the same time, the tight contact between the clamping blocks 621 and the insert plate 51 enables the two to conduct electricity. With the help of the interconnected conductors 63 inside the folding rod 61, the three shielding plates 5 are reliably grounded simultaneously, and the electromagnetic interference intercepted by the shielding plates 5 is conducted to the ground through the conductors 63, further enhancing the electromagnetic shielding effect.

[0038] At the same time, the slots on the shielding plate 5 precisely align with the corresponding cable trays 24. The wound-up cable can pass through the slots and connect with the cable trays 24. The slots not only further fix and clamp the cable to prevent it from shifting, but also seal the gaps in the slots with the cable itself to prevent electromagnetic signals from leaking from the slots. This completely isolates electromagnetic interference between electrical components in different areas, ensuring the stable operation of all electrical components in the distribution cabinet and further improving the overall reliability and anti-interference capability of the equipment.

[0039] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A component-layered distribution cabinet for smart grids, characterized in that, include: Cabinet (1); Back panel (2), the back panel (2) is fixedly connected in the cabinet (1) and adopts a multi-segment bending design. The three vertical segments of the back panel (2) from bottom to top correspond to the high-voltage area (21), the isolation area (22) and the low-voltage area (23) respectively. The high-voltage area (21) and the low-voltage area (23) are located on the same plane. The isolation area (22) protrudes forward relative to the high-voltage area (21) and the low-voltage area (23). The horizontal segment of the back panel (2) is provided with a through groove to form a vertical heat dissipation channel. The high-voltage area (21), the isolation area (22) and the low-voltage area (23) are respectively fixedly provided with wire grooves (24). The winding rod (3) is fixedly installed between adjacent vertical installation sections of the back plate (2). The outer wall of the winding rod (3) is provided with a guide groove (31). The back plate (2) is also connected to a winding mechanism (4) that allows the cross-regional cable to be wound along the guide groove (31) on the winding rod (3). The shielding plate (5) has three parts, which correspond one-to-one with the three areas of strong current area (21), isolation area (22) and weak current area (23). The rear side of the shielding plate (5) is inserted into the slot (25) reserved in the back plate (2) and connected to the grounding mechanism (6) set on the rear side of the back plate (2).

2. A component layered distribution cabinet for smart grids according to claim 1, characterized in that: An axial fan (7) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the cabinet (1), providing cooling airflow to the vertical heat dissipation channel from bottom to top.

3. A component layered distribution cabinet for smart grids according to claim 1, characterized in that: The winding mechanism (4) includes a winding seat (41), which is evenly slidably sleeved on the winding rod (3). The winding seat (41) is composed of two symmetrically arranged ring plates (411) and a connecting plate (412) fixedly connected between the two ring plates (411). An adjustment component (42) for rotating the winding seat (41) is connected to the back plate (2).

4. A component layered distribution cabinet for smart grids according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly (42) includes a transmission gear (421), which is damped and rotatably connected to the winding seat (41). An adjustment rod (422) is threadedly connected to the back plate (2). A sleeve (423) is slidably sleeved on the adjustment rod (422). The outer peripheral wall of the sleeve (423) is evenly provided with tooth grooves (424) that mesh with the transmission gear (421) along the axial direction.

5. A component layered distribution cabinet for smart grids according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shielding plate (5) is a cavity structure with an open rear end and is enclosed with the vertical section of the corresponding back plate (2) to form a closed electromagnetic shielding cavity. The rear side of the shielding plate (5) is provided with a plug plate (51) that cooperates with the slot (25). The shielding plate (5) has a slot that is compatible with the wire groove (24).

6. A component layered distribution cabinet for smart grids according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grounding mechanism (6) includes a folding rod (61), which is fixedly connected to the rear side of the back plate (2). The folding rod (61) is a hollow structure and its front end face is provided with a clamping component (62) for clamping the insert plate (51) so as to communicate with the shielding plate (5) at a position corresponding to the slot (25).

7. A component layered distribution cabinet for smart grids according to claim 6, characterized in that: The clamping assembly (62) includes clamping blocks (621), two of which are symmetrically arranged in the folding rod (61). One clamping block (621) is fixedly connected to the folding rod (61), and the other clamping block (621) is slidably connected to the folding rod (61) through a short rod (622). The short rod (622) is connected to the folding rod (61) through a spring (623).

8. A component layered distribution cabinet for smart grids according to claim 7, characterized in that: The multiple clamps (621) in the folding rod (61) are connected and grounded through conductors (63).

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