Temperature-adaptive outdoor energy storage battery emergency power supply current-limiting system and method

Abstract

This invention provides a temperature-adaptive outdoor energy storage battery emergency charging and current limiting system and method. The system includes an energy storage battery pack, output terminals, a charging and discharging circuit, a temperature sensing component, a human-machine interface unit, a current sampling module, a current limiting execution module, and a main control unit. The main control unit determines a preset current limiting value according to set instructions and controls the current limiting execution module to limit the output current below the preset current limiting value. Simultaneously, it continuously receives real-time temperature signals collected by the temperature sensing component. When the temperature exceeds a first temperature threshold but does not exceed a second temperature threshold, a dynamic current reduction strategy is implemented to decrease the output current as the temperature rises. When the temperature exceeds the second temperature threshold, the output current is cut off. The method includes current limiting, current reduction, or cut-off steps based on temperature. This invention avoids the risks of high current surges and thermal runaway, improving the safety of outdoor emergency charging. This invention relates to the fields of new energy and battery management technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of new energy and battery management technology, and in particular to a temperature-adaptive emergency power replenishment and current limiting system and method for outdoor energy storage batteries. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing popularity of self-driving tours, outdoor work, and emergency rescue scenarios, using portable outdoor power supplies to jump-start depleted car batteries has become a common practice. Existing outdoor power supplies typically integrate lithium battery packs and basic battery management systems (BMS). During a jump-start, the power supply's output terminals are directly connected to the positive and negative terminals of the car battery using alligator clips, allowing the battery pack to supply charging current to the car battery. These devices have, to some extent, solved the problem of vehicles failing to start due to depleted batteries in outdoor environments, becoming an essential emergency tool for many car owners and outdoor enthusiasts.

[0003] However, traditional outdoor energy storage power supplies generally pose safety hazards during emergency power replenishment. When connected to a depleted car battery, the energy storage power supply typically outputs the maximum current allowed by the battery pack or the instantaneous current demanded by the load, lacking proactive limiting mechanisms based on the actual capacity of the battery being charged. For car batteries with high internal resistance, aging plates, or small capacity, this high-current surge can easily cause severe internal heating, leading to electrolyte boiling, casing bulging, or even thermal runaway and explosion. Furthermore, the safe charging current varies significantly between different car models and battery conditions, and existing equipment cannot be individually adapted to the specific characteristics of the battery being charged. More importantly, existing equipment generally lacks real-time monitoring capabilities for the temperature of the battery being charged. If the battery temperature rises abnormally due to its own malfunction or high-current charging during the charging process, the system cannot detect and adjust in time, making it impossible to effectively control the risk of thermal runaway during charging.

[0004] Therefore, the inventors urgently need a temperature-adaptive outdoor energy storage battery emergency power replenishment and current limiting system and method to solve the safety hazards existing in the above-mentioned prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention provides a temperature-adaptive emergency power supply and current limiting system and method for outdoor energy storage batteries. The aim is to solve the safety problem in the prior art where the lack of active current limiting and real-time temperature monitoring mechanisms for the charged battery during emergency power supply of outdoor energy storage power sources leads to the inability to effectively control the risks of high current surges and thermal runaway.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a temperature-adaptive outdoor energy storage battery emergency power replenishment and current limiting system, comprising an energy storage battery pack, an output terminal for connecting an external battery to be charged, and a charging and discharging circuit for controlling the energy storage battery pack to output current to the output terminal; the system further comprises: A temperature sensing component is attached to the surface of the external rechargeable battery to collect the real-time temperature signal of the external rechargeable battery. The human-computer interaction unit is used to receive user input of setting instructions regarding the desired maximum charging current; A current sampling module is connected in series in the charging and discharging circuit to collect the electrical signal of the output current in real time. A current limiting execution module, connected in series in the charging and discharging circuit, is used to regulate the output current; The main control unit is electrically connected to the temperature sensing component, the human-machine interaction unit, the current sampling module, and the current limiting execution module, respectively. The main control unit is configured to: determine a preset current limit value according to the setting instruction, and control the current limiting execution module to limit the output current below the preset current limit value. At the same time, the main control unit continuously receives the real-time temperature signal. When the temperature value represented by the real-time temperature signal exceeds a preset first temperature threshold but does not exceed a preset second temperature threshold, the main control unit controls the current limiting execution module to execute a dynamic current reduction strategy so that the output current decreases accordingly as the temperature rises. When the temperature value represented by the real-time temperature signal exceeds the second temperature threshold, the main control unit controls the current limiting execution module to cut off the output current.

[0007] Based on the above, the beneficial effect of a temperature-adaptive outdoor energy storage battery emergency charging and current limiting system is to solve the safety problem in existing technologies where the lack of active current limiting and real-time temperature monitoring mechanisms for the charged battery during emergency charging leads to the inability to effectively control the risks of high current surges and thermal runaway. This is mainly reflected in: 1. This invention receives user input of a setting command regarding the desired maximum charging current through a human-computer interaction unit. The main control unit determines a preset current limit value based on the setting command and controls the current limiting execution module to limit the output current below the preset current limit value. This achieves active current clamping based on the user setting, preventing uncontrollable large current surges during the initial stage of emergency charging or when the voltage of the battery being charged is extremely low. This solves the problem that existing technologies cannot effectively control large current surges due to the lack of active current limiting.

[0008] 2. This invention continuously collects real-time temperature signals by attaching a temperature sensing component to the surface of the external battery being charged. After receiving the real-time temperature signal, the main control unit controls the current limiting execution module to execute a dynamic current reduction strategy when the temperature value exceeds the first temperature threshold but does not exceed the second temperature threshold, so that the output current decreases accordingly as the temperature rises. When the temperature value exceeds the second temperature threshold, the current limiting execution module is controlled to cut off the output current, realizing closed-loop temperature protection from early warning current reduction to dangerous cut-off. It actively suppresses heat accumulation during charging and can completely disconnect the charging circuit when the temperature is too high, solving the problem that the risk of thermal runaway cannot be effectively controlled due to the lack of a real-time temperature monitoring mechanism in the prior art.

[0009] Furthermore, the temperature sensing component includes a probe body, inside which is encapsulated a temperature sensor chip covered by a thermally conductive layer and a magnet located on the side of the temperature sensor chip away from the bottom contact layer. The thermally conductive layer constitutes the bottom contact layer of the probe body, used to fill the gap with the surface of the external rechargeable battery during attachment. The magnet attracts the probe body to the metal surface of the external rechargeable battery with the bottom contact layer facing the surface of the external rechargeable battery.

[0010] Based on the above, the beneficial effects of the probe body are that it encapsulates the temperature sensor chip, the thermal conductive layer, and the magnet into a single unit, achieving structural integration of the temperature sensing components and facilitating rapid deployment and storage in outdoor work scenarios; the beneficial effect of the thermal conductive layer is that it fills the tiny gap between the bottom surface of the probe and the surface of the external battery being charged during attachment, eliminating the obstruction of heat conduction by the air insulation layer and achieving efficient heat transfer from the surface of the battery being tested to the temperature sensor chip; the beneficial effect of the temperature sensor chip is that it directly senses the heat transferred from the external battery being charged through the thermal conductive layer and generates a corresponding real-time temperature signal, achieving accurate acquisition of the surface temperature of the battery being charged; the beneficial effect of the magnet is that it uses magnetic attraction to adsorb the probe body onto the metal surface of the external battery being charged with the bottom contact layer facing the surface of the external battery being charged, achieving stable attachment and tool-free quick fixation of the probe during charging.

[0011] Furthermore, the probe body also includes a waterproof insulating shell, in which the temperature sensor chip, thermal conductive layer and magnet are encapsulated, and the real-time temperature signal is transmitted to the main control unit by a shielded connection line extending from the top of the probe body.

[0012] Based on the above, the beneficial effects of the waterproof and insulating shell are that it encapsulates the temperature sensor chip, the thermal conductive layer, and the magnet inside, achieving reliable protection and electrical insulation of the probe in harsh outdoor environments such as rain, oil, and vibration; the beneficial effects of the shielded connection cable are that it leads the real-time temperature signal from the top of the probe body and transmits it to the main control unit, while suppressing external electromagnetic interference through the outer shield, thus ensuring the integrity and accuracy of the temperature signal during transmission.

[0013] Furthermore, the current limiting execution module includes a power MOSFET, a current sampling resistor, an operational amplifier, and a reference voltage source connected in series in the charging and discharging circuit. The reference voltage source provides a reference voltage. The main control unit outputs a reference voltage to the operational amplifier based on the reference voltage. The reference voltage corresponds to the current value determined by the main control unit according to the preset current limiting value and / or the dynamic current reduction strategy. The operational amplifier controls the conduction degree of the power MOSFET according to the reference voltage and the feedback voltage on the current sampling resistor to form a current negative feedback closed-loop control.

[0014] Based on the above, the beneficial effects of the power MOSFET are that, connected in series in the charging and discharging circuit, its conduction level is controlled by the operational amplifier, enabling continuous and rapid adjustment of the output current; the beneficial effect of the current sampling resistor is that, connected in series in the charging and discharging circuit, it converts the real-time current into a feedback voltage, enabling accurate real-time sampling of the output current and providing feedback for closed-loop control; the beneficial effect of the operational amplifier is that it receives the reference voltage and the feedback voltage on the current sampling resistor, and controls the conduction level of the power MOSFET based on the difference between the two, realizing current negative feedback closed-loop control of the output current, so that the actual output current stably follows the current value determined by the main control unit; the beneficial effect of the reference voltage source is that it provides a stable reference voltage, enabling the main control unit to output a reference voltage corresponding to the current value determined by the preset current limiting value and / or dynamic current reduction strategy based on the reference voltage, realizing accurate generation and stable output of the reference voltage.

[0015] Furthermore, the human-machine interaction unit includes a display screen and a mode switching button. The main control unit is configured to respond to the operation of the mode switching button and switch between manual mode and automatic mode. In manual mode, the main control unit directly obtains the preset current limit value set by the user through the human-machine interaction unit. In automatic mode, the main control unit controls the conduction degree of the power MOSFET of the current limiting execution module, so that the current output by the energy storage battery pack to the external battery being charged through the charging and discharging circuit is a small probe current, and the internal resistance of the external battery being charged is estimated based on the small probe current to automatically generate the initial preset current limit value.

[0016] Based on the above, the beneficial effects of the display screen are: during the charging process, it shows users information such as output voltage, current current, temperature of the battery being charged, and operating status, realizing the visualization of key parameters in the charging process and facilitating real-time monitoring by users; the beneficial effects of the mode switching button are: it receives user input to switch operating modes, enabling the main control unit to respond to this input and switch between manual and automatic modes, allowing users to flexibly select the current setting method according to the actual scenario; the beneficial effects of the micro-detection current are: in automatic mode, the main control unit controls the conduction degree of the power MOSFET, allowing the energy storage battery pack to output a micro-detection current to the external battery being charged through the charging and discharging circuit, realizing safe detection of the electrical characteristics of the battery being charged without causing a large current surge; the beneficial effects of automatically generating the initial preset current limit value are: the main control unit estimates the internal resistance of the external battery being charged based on the micro-detection current and automatically generates the initial preset current limit value accordingly, realizing automatic matching of the personalized safe charging current for the battery being charged, avoiding safety risks caused by improper current settings due to user lack of experience.

[0017] Furthermore, the dynamic current reduction strategy executed by the main control unit is as follows: the output current is controlled to decrease linearly according to the formula I_new=I_set×[1-k×(T_bat - T1)], where I_new is the adjusted new output current value, I_set is the current preset current limit value, k is the preset current reduction coefficient, and T_bat is the temperature value represented by the real-time temperature signal.

[0018] Based on the above, the beneficial effects of the adjusted new output current value are as follows: it serves as the execution target of the dynamic current reduction strategy. The main control unit calculates the value according to the linear formula and controls the current limiting execution module to adjust the output current accordingly, thereby achieving continuous regulation of the charging current smoothly decreasing as the temperature of the battery being charged increases. The beneficial effect of the preset current reduction coefficient (k) is that it determines the rate at which the output current decreases with increasing temperature in the dynamic current reduction formula, realizing the configurability of the current reduction sensitivity and enabling the system to adapt to batteries with different thermal characteristics. The beneficial effect of the difference between the temperature value represented by the real-time temperature signal and the first temperature threshold is that it serves as a quantification factor for the degree of temperature exceeding the limit in the dynamic current reduction formula, realizing a linear correlation between the reduction in output current and the actual temperature rise of the battery being charged.

[0019] Furthermore, the main control unit is also configured to calculate the temperature rise rate of the real-time temperature signal per unit time, and when the temperature rise rate exceeds a preset rate threshold, directly control the current limiting execution module to cut off the output current without using the temperature value represented by the real-time temperature signal as a condition, and trigger an alarm through the human-machine interaction unit.

[0020] Based on the above, the beneficial effects of the real-time temperature signal's temperature rise rate per unit time are: by calculating the rate of temperature change, the severity of heat accumulation inside the battery being charged can be measured, enabling rapid detection of sudden thermal runaway symptoms and compensating for the potential response lag that may exist when relying solely on absolute temperature thresholds; the beneficial effect of the preset rate threshold is: as a quantitative benchmark for judging whether the temperature rise is abnormal, enabling the main control unit to compare the calculated temperature rise rate with it, thus realizing the identification and judgment of abnormal rapid temperature rise events; the beneficial effect of directly controlling the current limiting execution module to cut off the output current is: when the temperature rise rate exceeds the limit, the charging circuit is not immediately interrupted based on the current absolute temperature value as a prerequisite, realizing very early active power-off protection in the nascent stage of thermal runaway; the beneficial effect of triggering an alarm is: by issuing audible and visual warning signals through the human-machine interaction unit, the abnormal status is reported to the user, realizing immediate alarm of dangerous events, facilitating timely intervention by the user.

[0021] Furthermore, the main control unit is also configured to, after cutting off the output current due to the temperature value represented by the real-time temperature signal exceeding the second temperature threshold or due to the temperature rise rate exceeding the rate threshold, when the temperature value represented by the real-time temperature signal falls back to the preset safe reset temperature value, control the output current to restore to a smaller current value not greater than the preset current limit value, or prompt the user to manually restart through the human-machine interaction unit, wherein the safe reset temperature value is lower than the first temperature threshold.

[0022] Based on the above, the beneficial effects of the safe reset temperature value are: providing a temperature drop judgment benchmark below the first temperature threshold, enabling the main control unit to confirm that the battery being charged has been sufficiently cooled to a safe state, and realizing the judgment of the safe temperature condition for the system to resume charging after the protection is cut off; the beneficial effect of controlling the output current to recover to a smaller current value not exceeding the preset current limit value is that after the main control unit determines that the temperature has dropped to the safe reset temperature value, it cautiously restarts charging with a more conservative current level, realizing automatic resumption of charging under the premise of ensuring safety, and avoiding another sharp rise in temperature; the beneficial effect of prompting the user to manually restart is that it issues a clear prompt to the user that restart operation is possible through the human-machine interaction unit, allowing the user to intervene in the decision after confirming that the on-site situation is safe, realizing a human-machine collaborative safe restart mechanism, and giving the user the final control over the resumption of charging process.

[0023] Furthermore, this invention provides a temperature-adaptive emergency power replenishment and current limiting method for outdoor energy storage batteries, comprising the following steps: S1: Receives the setting command input by the user through the human-computer interaction unit, and the main control unit determines the preset current limit value accordingly; S2: The main control unit controls the current limiting execution module to limit the output current of the energy storage battery pack to the output terminal through the charging and discharging circuit to within a preset current limiting value; S3: During the charging process, the main control unit continuously obtains the real-time temperature of the external battery being charged through a temperature sensing component attached to the surface of the external battery being charged. S4: When the real-time temperature is lower than the first temperature threshold, maintain the current output current; S5: When the real-time temperature exceeds the first temperature threshold but does not exceed the second temperature threshold, the main control unit controls the current limiting execution module to execute a dynamic current reduction strategy, so that the output current decreases accordingly as the temperature increases. S6: When the real-time temperature exceeds the second temperature threshold, the main control unit controls the current limiting execution module to cut off the output current.

[0024] Based on the above, the beneficial effects of step S1 are: 1) converting the user's intention to operate at the maximum desired charging current into an upper limit of the electrical parameters that the system can execute, thus establishing a safe current benchmark before emergency charging; 2) physically clamping the charging current below the preset current limit value, thus achieving active current limiting protection to prevent large current surges from the initial charging stage; 3) continuously sensing the surface thermal state of the battery being charged throughout the charging process, achieving closed-loop monitoring of the battery's temperature changes throughout the entire process, thus overcoming the deficiency of existing technologies in lacking thermal management sensing methods; 4) maintaining the set charging current unchanged when the battery is in the normal temperature range, thus ensuring charging efficiency under safe conditions; 5) automatically and smoothly reducing the charging current to suppress heat generation when the battery experiences a temperature rise warning, achieving a dynamic balance between charging speed and heat dissipation capacity, preventing the temperature from continuing to rise to the dangerous range; and 6) immediately terminating the current output of the charging circuit when the battery reaches a dangerously high temperature, thus achieving the final physical blockade against the risk of thermal runaway.

[0025] Furthermore, the method also includes: the main control unit continuously calculates the temperature rise rate per unit time, and when the temperature rise rate exceeds a preset rate threshold, it directly controls the current limiting execution module to cut off the output current and trigger an alarm without using the current temperature value as a condition.

[0026] Based on the above, the beneficial effect of continuously calculating the temperature rise rate per unit time is that the main control unit continuously monitors the rate of temperature change during the power replenishment process, realizing real-time capture and quantitative assessment of sudden thermal runaway symptoms.

[0027] To make the above features of the present invention and the objectives to be achieved clearer, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 : This is a signal connection diagram of the system of the present invention; Figure 2 : This is a signal connection diagram of the current limiting execution module of the present invention; Figure 3 : This is a signal connection diagram of the human-computer interaction unit of the present invention; Figure 4 : This is a temperature-current dynamic control curve diagram of the present invention; Figure 5 : This is a schematic diagram of the probe body of the present invention; Figure 6 : This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention.

[0029] Explanation of reference numerals: 1-Probe body, 2-Heat-conducting layer, 21-Bottom contact layer, 3-Temperature sensor chip, 4-Magnet, 5-Waterproof insulating shell, 6-Shielded connection wire, T1-First temperature threshold, T2-Second temperature threshold. Detailed Implementation

[0030] See Figures 1-6 As shown, In this embodiment, the present invention discloses a temperature-adaptive outdoor energy storage battery emergency power replenishment and current limiting system, including an energy storage battery pack, an output terminal for connecting an external battery to be charged, and a charging and discharging circuit for controlling the energy storage battery pack to output current to the output terminal. The system further includes: A temperature sensing component is attached to the surface of the external rechargeable battery to collect the real-time temperature signal of the external rechargeable battery. The human-computer interaction unit is used to receive user input of setting instructions regarding the desired maximum charging current; A current sampling module is connected in series in the charging and discharging circuit to collect the electrical signal of the output current in real time. A current limiting execution module, connected in series in the charging and discharging circuit, is used to regulate the output current; The main control unit is electrically connected to the temperature sensing component, the human-machine interaction unit, the current sampling module, and the current limiting execution module, respectively. The main control unit is configured to: determine a preset current limit value according to the setting instruction, and control the current limiting execution module to limit the output current below the preset current limit value. At the same time, the main control unit continuously receives the real-time temperature signal. When the temperature value represented by the real-time temperature signal exceeds the preset first temperature threshold T1 but does not exceed the preset second temperature threshold T2, the main control unit controls the current limiting execution module to execute a dynamic current reduction strategy so that the output current decreases accordingly as the temperature rises. When the temperature value represented by the real-time temperature signal exceeds the second temperature threshold T2, the main control unit controls the current limiting execution module to cut off the output current.

[0031] In this embodiment, the energy storage battery pack can specifically be a lithium-ion battery pack, and the battery management system (BMS) serves as the first line of defense for charge and discharge protection, equalization management, and status monitoring. The BMS uploads battery status data to the main control unit. The output terminal is a physical connection point that can be connected to alligator clips to directly connect to the positive and negative terminals of the external battery being charged. The first temperature threshold T1 is exemplarily set to 40°C, and the second temperature threshold T2 is exemplarily set to 50°C. The above thresholds can be flexibly configured in the software of the main control unit according to different battery types to adapt to the thermal characteristics requirements of different batteries being charged.

[0032] In this embodiment, the temperature sensing component includes a probe body 1. The probe body 1 encapsulates a thermally conductive layer 2, a temperature sensor chip 3, and a magnet 4. The thermally conductive layer 2 has a bottom contact layer 21 located on the probe body 1 facing the external rechargeable battery, which is used to fill the gap with the surface of the external rechargeable battery during attachment. The temperature sensor chip 3 is encapsulated in the thermally conductive layer 2. The magnet 4 is located on the side of the temperature sensor chip 3 facing away from the bottom contact layer 21. The magnet 4 attracts the probe body 1 to the metal surface of the external rechargeable battery with the bottom contact layer 21 facing the surface of the external rechargeable battery.

[0033] In this embodiment, the temperature sensor chip 3 can specifically be a high-precision NTC thermistor or a digital temperature sensor, which directly senses heat as the core element for data acquisition. The thermally conductive layer 2 is specifically made of thermally conductive silicone material with high thermal conductivity, good flexibility and insulation. When the probe is attached to the surface of the external battery being charged, it adaptively fills the tiny gap between the two, ensuring that heat is quickly conducted from the battery to the temperature sensor chip 3, thereby improving the temperature response speed. The magnet 4 is specifically a strong magnet, which is encapsulated in the housing of the probe body 1 and located above the temperature sensor chip 3, so that the probe body 1 can be firmly attached to the metal pole, shell or terminal of the car battery without the need for tape to fix it, and ensures constant contact pressure.

[0034] In this embodiment, the probe body 1 further includes a waterproof insulating shell 5. The temperature sensor chip 3, the thermal conductive layer 2, and the magnet 4 are all encapsulated in the waterproof insulating shell 5, and the real-time temperature signal is transmitted to the main control unit by a shielded connecting line 6 led out from the top of the probe body 1.

[0035] In this embodiment, the waterproof insulating shell 5 is specifically a shell that is resistant to high temperature and acid and alkali corrosion and has an IP67 waterproof rating to protect the internal circuit from outdoor rain, oil stains and vibration. The outer layer of the shielded connecting line 6 is provided with a shielding mesh, which can effectively prevent the high voltage electromagnetic interference generated at the moment of car ignition from affecting the accuracy of the temperature reading of the main control unit and ensure high-fidelity transmission of real-time temperature signals in harsh electromagnetic environments. The main control unit is provided with a dedicated waterproof interface that connects to the shielded connecting line 6 to receive temperature signals from the temperature sensing component.

[0036] In this embodiment, the current limiting execution module includes a power MOSFET, a current sampling resistor, an operational amplifier, and a reference voltage source connected in series in the charging and discharging circuit. The reference voltage source provides a reference voltage. The main control unit outputs a reference voltage to the operational amplifier based on the reference voltage. The reference voltage corresponds to the current value determined by the main control unit according to the preset current limiting value and / or the dynamic current reduction strategy. The operational amplifier controls the conduction degree of the power MOSFET according to the reference voltage and the feedback voltage on the current sampling resistor to form a current negative feedback closed-loop control.

[0037] In this embodiment, the reference voltage output by the main control unit is specifically an analog voltage signal V_ref. This signal directly acts on the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier, while the current sampling resistor converts the real-time output current into a corresponding feedback voltage and connects it to the inverting input of the operational amplifier. The operational amplifier forcibly adjusts the gate drive voltage of the power MOSFET through a negative feedback mechanism, so that the output current strictly follows the current setting value corresponding to the reference voltage. Even if the external battery voltage is extremely low, this closed-loop control circuit will not generate inrush current. The main control unit also runs a PID adjustment algorithm to dynamically fine-tune the reference voltage according to the actual current value fed back by the current sampling module, so as to further eliminate steady-state error and improve the constant current control accuracy.

[0038] In this embodiment, the human-machine interaction unit includes a display screen and a mode switching button. The main control unit is configured to respond to the operation of the mode switching button and switch between manual mode and automatic mode. In manual mode, the main control unit directly obtains the preset current limit value set by the user through the human-machine interaction unit. In automatic mode, the main control unit controls the conduction degree of the power MOSFET of the current limiting execution module, so that the current output by the energy storage battery pack to the external battery being charged through the charging and discharging circuit is a small probe current, and the internal resistance of the external battery being charged is estimated based on the small probe current to automatically generate the initial preset current limit value.

[0039] In this embodiment, the display screen is also used to display the current output voltage, current output current, temperature of the battery being charged, and system operating status in real time. The human-machine interaction unit also includes a current adjustment button. In manual mode, the user can gradually set the desired preset current limit value through the current adjustment button, such as selecting from multiple levels such as 1A, 5A, and 10A. In automatic mode, after the system outputs a small probe current, the main control unit estimates the internal resistance of the external battery being charged by detecting the voltage response of the probe current, and then automatically recommends a safe initial preset current limit value. The human-machine interaction unit also includes an audible and visual alarm device, which is used to issue a warning to the user when the system triggers protection cutoff.

[0040] In this embodiment, the dynamic current reduction strategy executed by the main control unit is as follows: the output current is controlled to decrease linearly according to the formula I_new=I_set×[1-k×(T_bat - T1)], where I_new is the new output current value after adjustment, I_set is the current preset current limit value, k is the preset current reduction coefficient, and T_bat is the temperature value represented by the real-time temperature signal.

[0041] In this embodiment, the preset current reduction coefficient k determines the reduction ratio of the output current relative to the current preset current limit value when the temperature increases by 1°C. The value of k is preset in the main control unit software according to the thermal characteristics of the battery being charged, so that the system can adapt to batteries with different heat capacity and heat dissipation conditions. When the temperature value T_bat represented by the real-time temperature signal continues to rise in the warning current reduction zone, the main control unit continuously updates I_new according to the above formula and adjusts the output current in real time through the current limiting execution module. In the entire warning current reduction zone, the output current decreases smoothly with the temperature increase until the temperature approaches the second temperature threshold T2, at which point the output current has been greatly reduced, preventing the temperature from continuing to rise and entering the dangerous cut-off zone.

[0042] In this embodiment, the main control unit is also configured to calculate the temperature rise rate of the real-time temperature signal per unit time, and when the temperature rise rate exceeds a preset rate threshold, directly control the current limiting execution module to cut off the output current without using the temperature value represented by the real-time temperature signal as a condition, and trigger an alarm through the human-machine interaction unit.

[0043] In this embodiment, the preset rate threshold is set to 5℃ / min. When the main control unit detects that the temperature of the external battery being charged rises sharply within a unit time and exceeds the rate threshold during the charging process, even if the absolute temperature has not yet reached the second temperature threshold T2, it is determined that there may be abnormal hazards such as micro-short circuit inside the battery being charged. The system immediately executes millisecond-level cutoff of the output circuit and prompts the user with "battery overheating" or "abnormal temperature rise" through the sound and light alarm device, so as to achieve very early active intervention in the bud stage of thermal runaway.

[0044] In this embodiment, the main control unit is further configured to, after cutting off the output current due to the temperature value represented by the real-time temperature signal exceeding the second temperature threshold T2 or due to the temperature rise rate exceeding the rate threshold, when the temperature value represented by the real-time temperature signal falls back to the preset safe reset temperature value T_reset, control the output current to recover to a smaller current value not greater than the preset current limit value, or prompt the user to manually restart through the human-machine interaction unit, wherein the safe reset temperature value T_reset is lower than the first temperature threshold T1.

[0045] In this embodiment, the safety reset temperature value T_reset is set to 35°C, which is lower than the first temperature threshold T1, to ensure that the external battery being charged has been sufficiently cooled to a temperature range with a sufficient safety margin when the system resumes charging. When the main control unit selects the automatic recovery mode, it carefully restarts the charging process with a smaller current value lower than the original preset current limit value to observe the temperature response of the battery being charged. If the temperature rises abnormally again, it re-enters the protection cut-off process.

[0046] In this embodiment, the present invention also discloses a temperature-adaptive emergency power replenishment and current limiting method for outdoor energy storage batteries, comprising the following steps: S1: Receives the setting command input by the user through the human-computer interaction unit, and the main control unit determines the preset current limit value accordingly; S2: The main control unit controls the current limiting execution module to limit the output current of the energy storage battery pack to the output terminal through the charging and discharging circuit to within a preset current limiting value; S3: During the charging process, the main control unit continuously obtains the real-time temperature of the external battery being charged through a temperature sensing component attached to the surface of the external battery being charged. S4: When the real-time temperature is lower than the first temperature threshold T1, maintain the current output current; S5: When the real-time temperature exceeds the first temperature threshold T1 but does not exceed the second temperature threshold T2, the main control unit controls the current limiting execution module to execute a dynamic current reduction strategy, so that the output current decreases accordingly as the temperature increases. S6: When the real-time temperature exceeds the second temperature threshold T2, the main control unit controls the current limiting execution module to cut off the output current.

[0047] In this embodiment, the method further includes: the main control unit continuously calculates the temperature rise rate per unit time, and when the temperature rise rate exceeds a preset rate threshold, it directly controls the current limiting execution module to cut off the output current and triggers an alarm without using the current temperature value as a condition.

[0048] In this embodiment, before step S1, the user first connects the output terminal to the positive and negative terminals of the external battery being charged via alligator clips, and attaches the temperature sensing component to the surface of the external battery being charged. After the system detects the load connection, it defaults to standby mode and does not output a large current. In step S2, the main control unit calculates the corresponding reference voltage V_ref based on the determined preset current limit value and outputs it to the operational amplifier of the current limiting execution module, so that the output current is forcibly limited to within the preset current limit value. In step S5, the dynamic current reduction strategy specifically adopts the formula I_new=I_set×[1-k×(T_bat - [T1] The output current decreases linearly, and the output current automatically and smoothly decreases as the temperature rises to suppress the temperature rise; in step S6, after the output current is cut off, the system simultaneously triggers an audible and visual alarm to alert the user; in addition, when the output current is cut off because the temperature exceeds the second temperature threshold T2 or because the temperature rise rate exceeds the rate threshold, the main control unit continuously monitors the real-time temperature fed back by the temperature sensing component. When the temperature drops back to the safe reset temperature value T_reset, the system can automatically resume charging with a smaller current or prompt the user to manually restart through the human-machine interaction unit; when the voltage of the external battery being charged reaches a threshold sufficient to start the car, the system can prompt the user to try to start the vehicle.

[0049] The above description is merely the optimal embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications or substitutions made by those skilled in the art without departing from the essence and scope of protection of the present invention should also be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A temperature-adaptive outdoor energy storage battery emergency charging and current limiting system, comprising an energy storage battery pack, an output terminal for connecting to an external battery being charged, and a charging and discharging circuit for controlling the energy storage battery pack to output current to the output terminal, characterized in that, The system also includes: A temperature sensing component is attached to the surface of the external rechargeable battery to collect the real-time temperature signal of the external rechargeable battery. The human-computer interaction unit is used to receive user input of setting instructions regarding the desired maximum charging current; A current sampling module is connected in series in the charging and discharging circuit to collect the electrical signal of the output current in real time. A current limiting execution module, connected in series in the charging and discharging circuit, is used to regulate the output current; The main control unit is electrically connected to the temperature sensing component, the human-machine interaction unit, the current sampling module, and the current limiting execution module, respectively. The main control unit is configured to: determine a preset current limit value according to the setting instruction, and control the current limiting execution module to limit the output current below the preset current limit value. At the same time, the main control unit continuously receives the real-time temperature signal. When the temperature value represented by the real-time temperature signal exceeds a preset first temperature threshold (T1) but does not exceed a preset second temperature threshold (T2), the main control unit controls the current limiting execution module to execute a dynamic current reduction strategy so that the output current decreases accordingly as the temperature rises. When the temperature value represented by the real-time temperature signal exceeds the second temperature threshold (T2), the main control unit controls the current limiting execution module to cut off the output current.

2. The temperature-adaptive, outdoor energy storage battery emergency power-boosting current-limiting system of claim 1, wherein, The temperature sensing component includes a probe body (1), which encapsulates a thermally conductive layer (2), a temperature sensor chip (3), and a magnet (4). The thermally conductive layer (2) has a bottom contact layer (21) located on the probe body (1) facing the external rechargeable battery, which is used to fill the gap with the surface of the external rechargeable battery when attached. The temperature sensor chip (3) is encapsulated in the thermally conductive layer (2). The magnet (4) is located on the side of the temperature sensor chip (3) facing away from the bottom contact layer (21). The magnet (4) attracts the probe body (1) to the metal surface of the external rechargeable battery with the bottom contact layer (21) facing the surface of the external rechargeable battery.

3. The temperature-adaptive outdoor energy storage battery emergency power replenishment and current limiting system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The probe body (1) also includes a waterproof insulating shell (5), the temperature sensor chip (3), the thermal conductive layer (2) and the magnet (4) are all encapsulated in the waterproof insulating shell (5), and the real-time temperature signal is transmitted to the main control unit by a shielded connection line (6) led out from the top of the probe body (1).

4. The temperature-adaptive outdoor energy storage battery emergency power replenishment and current limiting system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current limiting execution module includes a power MOSFET, a current sampling resistor, an operational amplifier, and a reference voltage source connected in series in the charging and discharging circuit. The reference voltage source provides a reference voltage. The main control unit outputs a reference voltage to the operational amplifier based on the reference voltage. The reference voltage corresponds to the current value determined by the main control unit according to the preset current limiting value and / or the dynamic current reduction strategy. The operational amplifier controls the conduction degree of the power MOSFET according to the reference voltage and the feedback voltage on the current sampling resistor to form a current negative feedback closed-loop control.

5. The temperature-adaptive, outdoor energy storage battery emergency power-boosting current-limiting system of claim 4, wherein, The human-machine interface unit includes a display screen and a mode switching button. The main control unit is configured to respond to the operation of the mode switching button and switch between manual mode and automatic mode. In manual mode, the main control unit directly obtains the preset current limit value set by the user through the human-machine interface unit. In automatic mode, the main control unit controls the conduction degree of the power MOSFET of the current limiting execution module, so that the current output by the energy storage battery pack to the external battery being charged through the charging and discharging circuit is a small probe current, and the internal resistance of the external battery being charged is estimated based on the small probe current to automatically generate the initial preset current limit value.

6. The temperature-adaptive outdoor energy storage battery emergency power replenishment and current limiting system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dynamic current reduction strategy executed by the main control unit is as follows: the output current is controlled to decrease linearly according to the formula I_new=I_set×[1-k×(T_bat - T1)], where I_new is the new output current value after adjustment, I_set is the current preset current limit value, k is the preset current reduction coefficient, and T_bat is the temperature value represented by the real-time temperature signal.

7. The temperature-adaptive, outdoor energy storage battery emergency power-boosting current-limiting system of claim 1, wherein, The main control unit is also configured to calculate the temperature rise rate of the real-time temperature signal per unit time, and when the temperature rise rate exceeds a preset rate threshold, directly control the current limiting execution module to cut off the output current without using the temperature value represented by the real-time temperature signal as a condition, and trigger an alarm through the human-machine interaction unit.

8. The temperature-adaptive outdoor energy storage battery emergency power replenishment and current limiting system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The main control unit is further configured to, after cutting off the output current due to the temperature value represented by the real-time temperature signal exceeding the second temperature threshold (T2) or due to the temperature rise rate exceeding the rate threshold, control the output current to recover to a smaller current value not greater than the preset current limit value when the temperature value represented by the real-time temperature signal falls back to the preset safe reset temperature value (T_reset), or prompt the user to manually restart through the human-machine interaction unit, wherein the safe reset temperature value (T_reset) is lower than the first temperature threshold (T1).

9. A temperature-adaptive emergency power replenishment and current limiting method for outdoor energy storage batteries, applied to the system described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Receives the setting command input by the user through the human-computer interaction unit, and the main control unit determines the preset current limit value accordingly; S2: The main control unit controls the current limiting execution module to limit the output current of the energy storage battery pack to the output terminal through the charging and discharging circuit to within a preset current limiting value; S3: During the charging process, the main control unit continuously obtains the real-time temperature of the external battery being charged through a temperature sensing component attached to the surface of the external battery being charged. S4: When the real-time temperature is lower than the first temperature threshold (T1), maintain the current output current; S5: When the real-time temperature exceeds the first temperature threshold (T1) but does not exceed the second temperature threshold (T2), the main control unit controls the current limiting execution module to execute a dynamic current reduction strategy, so that the output current decreases accordingly as the temperature increases. S6: When the real-time temperature exceeds the second temperature threshold (T2), the main control unit controls the current limiting execution module to cut off the output current.

10. The temperature-adaptive emergency power replenishment and current limiting method for outdoor energy storage batteries according to claim 9, characterized in that, The method further includes: the main control unit continuously calculates the temperature rise rate per unit time, and when the temperature rise rate exceeds a preset rate threshold, it directly controls the current limiting execution module to cut off the output current and trigger an alarm without using the current temperature value as a condition.

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