microwave catheter

Abstract

This invention discloses a microwave catheter, comprising an outer sheath, a microwave antenna, an antenna feeder, and a temperature control switch. The outer sheath has a proximal end and a distal end positioned opposite each other, and a first channel is formed within the outer sheath. The proximal end has a first inlet, and the distal end has a first outlet. The microwave antenna is movably disposed at the distal end of the outer sheath, with a portion of the antenna protruding from the first channel to the first outlet. The antenna feeder is movably disposed within the first channel, and can enter and exit the first channel from the first inlet. One end of the antenna feeder extending into the first channel is electrically connected to the microwave antenna. The temperature control switch is disposed at the end of the microwave antenna near the first outlet. The temperature control switch is configured to detect the temperature at the distal end of the microwave antenna in real time and send the detection data to an external device. When the detection data received by the external device exceeds a preset value, the microwave antenna is controlled to stop operating. The microwave catheter of this invention can improve the safety and controllability of treatment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, and in particular to a microwave catheter. Background Technology

[0002] In the medical field, interventional therapy has become a common treatment method, especially in the treatment of diseases such as vascular lesions. Interventional therapy involves introducing catheters or instruments into the patient's body through minimally invasive techniques to achieve diagnostic, therapeutic, or other medical purposes. Microwave technology has been widely used in many interventional treatments, particularly in tumor treatment.

[0003] Temperature control of the ablation zone is crucial during the ablation process. Excessive temperature can lead to tissue carbonization, impaired heat conduction, or even burns to normal tissue, resulting in insufficient safety redundancy in existing products and making it difficult to precisely control the ablation process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to propose a microwave catheter designed to improve the safety and controllability of treatment.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the microwave conduit proposed in this invention comprises:

[0006] The outer tube has a proximal end and a distal end that are disposed opposite to each other. A first channel is also formed inside the outer tube. The proximal end is provided with a first inlet communicating with the first channel, and the distal end is provided with a first outlet communicating with the first channel.

[0007] A microwave antenna is movably disposed at the distal end of the outer sleeve, and a portion of the microwave antenna is exposed in the first channel from the first outlet.

[0008] An antenna feed line is movably disposed in the first channel. The antenna feed line can enter and exit the first channel from the first inlet. One end of the antenna feed line extending into the first channel is configured to be electrically connected to the microwave antenna.

[0009] A temperature control switch is located at one end of the microwave antenna near the first outlet. The temperature control switch is configured to detect the temperature at the far end of the microwave antenna in real time and send the detection data to an external device. When the detection data received by the external device exceeds a preset value, the external device controls the microwave antenna to stop working.

[0010] Optionally, the temperature control switch is located on the inner wall of the microwave antenna.

[0011] Optionally, the microwave conduit further includes a humidity switch located at one end of the microwave antenna near the first outlet. The humidity switch is configured to detect tissue humidity in real time and send the detection data to an external device. When the detection data received by the external device exceeds a preset value, the external device controls the microwave antenna to stop working.

[0012] Optionally, the humidity switch is located on the outer surface of the microwave antenna.

[0013] Optionally, the temperature control switch is a flexible sensor;

[0014] The humidity switch is a flexible sensor.

[0015] Optionally, the microwave conduit further includes a guide wire, which is movably disposed in the first channel. The guide wire can enter from the first inlet and exit from the first channel, and one end of the guide wire extending into the first channel can drive the microwave antenna to change its orientation relative to the outer tube; wherein, when one of the guide wire and the antenna feed line is located in the first channel, the other is detached from the first channel.

[0016] Optionally, the microwave duct further includes a hollow flexible connecting portion located at the distal end of the outer sheath and flexibly connected to the outer sheath, and the microwave antenna is located at the end of the flexible connecting portion away from the outer sheath;

[0017] The flexible connector is configured to change the orientation of the microwave antenna when driven by the guidewire extending into one end of the microwave duct.

[0018] Optionally, the microwave antenna has a hollow cavity that extends in the same direction as the outer sleeve and is connected to the first channel.

[0019] Optionally, the outer tube is further provided with a second channel, which extends from the proximal end to the distal end of the outer tube and is separated from the first channel. The second channel forms a second inlet and a second outlet at the proximal end of the outer tube. The second inlet is used to allow the temperature-regulating medium to enter the second channel, and the second outlet is used to allow the temperature-regulating medium to leave the second channel. The temperature-regulating medium is used to change the temperature of the microwave antenna and the antenna feed line.

[0020] The flexible connection portion is provided with a third channel communicating with the second channel, and a portion of the microwave antenna is exposed in the third channel;

[0021] The microwave antenna is made of shape memory alloy and has a first shape and a second shape. The microwave antenna is configured to deform from the first shape to the second shape under the temperature of the temperature-regulating medium.

[0022] Optionally, when the microwave antenna is in the first configuration, the microwave antenna is tapered from the near end to the far end of the outer sleeve, forming the cavity.

[0023] When the microwave antenna is in the second configuration, the microwave antenna is gradually widened from the near end to the far end of the outer sleeve.

[0024] The microwave catheter of this application uses a temperature control switch at the end of the microwave antenna near the first outlet to monitor the temperature of the microwave antenna in real time and send the detected temperature data to an external device. After receiving the detected data, the external device compares it with a preset threshold. If the detected data exceeds the preset threshold, the external device will immediately issue a command to cut off the microwave output and force the microwave antenna to stop working. This avoids serious complications such as burns and carbonization of normal tissue caused by excessive microwave antenna temperature, thus effectively improving the safety and controllability of treatment and preventing the risk of overheating. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the microwave conduit of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the cross section of the microwave duct when the antenna feed line enters the first channel in the embodiment shown shows that the microwave antenna is in the first configuration.

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of the microwave catheter when the guidewire enters the first channel in the illustrated embodiment;

[0029] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the outer tube in the illustrated embodiment;

[0030] Figure 5 for Figure 1The schematic diagram of the microwave antenna in the second configuration shown in the embodiment.

[0031] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0032] 10. Outer tube; 11. First channel; 12. First inlet; 13. First outlet; 14. Second channel; 15. Second inlet; 16. Second outlet; 20. Microwave antenna; 21. Radiation arc surface; 30. Antenna feed line; 31. Connecting end; 311. Connecting terminal; 40. Temperature control switch; 50. Humidity switch; 60. Guide wire; 70. Flexible connection part; 71. Third channel

[0033] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0036] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the meaning of "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. For example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution that simultaneously satisfies A and B. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0037] This invention proposes a microwave catheter. Specifically, a microwave catheter is a tool used in interventional medical procedures to access a lesion site within the body's vascular system, and then treats the lesion by delivering microwave energy to the lesion site. This technique is commonly used in tumor treatment, where microwave energy is used to destroy tumor cells. This process is known as microwave ablation.

[0038] In embodiments of the present invention, such as Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the microwave conduit includes an outer tube 10, a microwave antenna 20, an antenna feed line 30, and a temperature control switch 40.

[0039] Specifically, the outer sheath 10 is a long tube with a hollow section forming a first channel 11. The first channel 11 is substantially coaxial with the outer sheath 10 and extends from the proximal end to the distal end of the outer sheath 10. The proximal and distal ends of the outer sheath 10 refer to two opposite ends of the outer sheath 10; the distal end is the end that enters the blood vessel to approach the lesion, while the proximal end is the end located outside the body.

[0040] Furthermore, the proximal end of the outer sheath 10 is provided with a first inlet 12 communicating with the first channel 11, and the distal end is provided with a first outlet 13 communicating with the first channel 11. Thus, since the proximal end is located near the human body, during interventional treatment, the antenna feed line 30 and guide wire 60 can be inserted into the first channel 11 from the first inlet 12 for subsequent operations.

[0041] Specifically, the microwave antenna 20 is movably disposed at the distal end of the outer sleeve 10. In the technical solution of this application, the microwave antenna 20 is a radiating structure for emitting microwaves, primarily used to transmit microwave energy to the lesion for treatment of the affected area.

[0042] Alternatively, the microwave antenna 20 can be configured as a single-stage antenna, an array antenna, an open antenna, an angle antenna, etc. Furthermore, the structure of the microwave antenna 20 can be configured as a vertical rod, a reflector, an opening, an array, etc.

[0043] Furthermore, the fact that a portion of the first outlet 13 of the microwave antenna 20 is exposed in the first channel 11 means that a portion of the microwave linear structure is exposed in the first channel 11. This arrangement is intended to enable the microwave antenna 20 to be electrically connected to the antenna feed line 30 to transmit microwave energy. Through this design, microwave energy can be transferred from the microwave antenna 20 to the antenna feed line 30, and then further transmitted to the lesion site within the body to achieve the therapeutic purpose.

[0044] Specifically, the antenna feed line 30 is movably disposed in the first channel 11, and the antenna feed line 30 can enter and exit the first channel 11 from the first inlet 12. One end of the antenna feed line 30 extending into the first channel 11 is configured to be electrically connected to the microwave antenna 20.

[0045] Specifically, the antenna feed line 30 is a transmission cable used to transmit wave signals. In the technical solution of this application, the antenna feed line 30 is used to transmit wave signals from the electromagnetic wave generator to the microwave antenna 20, so as to transmit microwave energy to the lesion site of the patient through the microwave antenna 20.

[0046] Alternatively, in this embodiment, the antenna feed line 30 is configured as a coaxial cable, which includes an inner conductor, an inner dielectric material arranged coaxially around the inner conductor, and an outer conductor arranged coaxially around the inner dielectric material.

[0047] In other embodiments, the antenna feed line 30 may also be configured as a parallel cable, an open cable, or other similar structure.

[0048] Furthermore, the electrical connection between the antenna feed line 30 and the microwave antenna 20 is a detachable electrical connection. This arrangement is intended to facilitate the switching of the antenna feed line 30 and the guide wire 60 in the first channel 11.

[0049] Alternatively, the antenna feed line 30 and the microwave antenna 20 can be quickly connected and disconnected using connectors (such as N-type, SMA-type, BNC-type, etc.), threaded structures, quick-connect structures, magnetic structures, automatic clamps, etc.

[0050] Specifically, the temperature control switch 40 is a component that integrates temperature sensing and signal transmission functions. It is installed at the end of the microwave antenna 20 near the first outlet 13. This is the farthest end of the microwave antenna 20 and the position closest to the lesion site. This is the location with the highest temperature and the most need for monitoring during the operation of the entire device.

[0051] Furthermore, the temperature control switch 40 is connected to an external device (such as a computer, a dedicated controller, etc.) so that the temperature control switch 40 can send the detected data to the external device in real time. After receiving the data, the external device will compare it with a preset safety threshold. Once the data exceeds the preset threshold, the external device will immediately issue a command to cut off the microwave output and force the microwave antenna 20 to stop working.

[0052] It is understandable that microwave therapy works through thermal effects; if the temperature is too high, it may cause serious complications such as burns and carbonization of normal tissue. By monitoring the temperature at the distal end of the microwave antenna 20 in real time and automatically shutting down the device, the safety and controllability of the treatment can be effectively improved, preventing the risk of overheating.

[0053] As described above, the microwave catheter of this application uses a temperature control switch 40 at one end of the microwave antenna 20 near the first outlet 13 to detect the temperature of the microwave antenna 20 in real time and send the detected temperature data to an external device. After receiving the detection data, the external device compares it with a preset threshold. If the detection data exceeds the preset threshold, the external device will immediately issue a command to cut off the microwave output and force the microwave antenna 20 to stop working. This avoids serious complications such as burns and carbonization of normal tissue caused by excessively high temperature of the microwave antenna 20, thus effectively improving the safety and controllability of the treatment and preventing the risk of overheating.

[0054] In some embodiments, the temperature control switch 40 is disposed on the inner wall of the microwave antenna 20. Specifically, placing the temperature control switch 40 on the inner wall of the antenna means that it is not directly exposed to the outermost surface of the antenna. During treatments such as microwave ablation, the outer wall of the microwave antenna 20 will directly contact the diseased tissue and is often accompanied by a water-cooling or gas-cooling system. Placing the sensor on the inner wall can prevent it from directly adhering to the tissue, being subjected to pressure, or being corroded by tissue fluid or blood, thereby protecting the sensor and improving its operational stability and service life.

[0055] Moreover, unlike the outer wall of the microwave antenna 20 which is in direct contact with tissue and is severely affected by local blood flow and water content, the temperature field of the inner wall is relatively more stable and can better reflect the heating situation of the antenna itself.

[0056] Furthermore, the microwave antenna 20 typically has a multi-layered structure including an inner conductor, a dielectric, and an outer conductor, resulting in a small internal space. Directly mounting or integrating the temperature control switch 40 (usually a miniature patch or leaded sensor) onto or within the antenna's inner wall is a highly integrated design that does not increase the radial dimension of the microwave antenna 20, thus maintaining the minimally invasive nature of the conduit or antenna.

[0057] In some embodiments, the microwave conduit further includes a humidity switch 50, which is located at one end of the microwave antenna 20 near the first outlet 13. The humidity switch 50 is configured to detect tissue humidity in real time and send the detection data to an external device. When the detection data received by the external device exceeds a preset value, the output power of the microwave antenna 20 is controlled.

[0058] Specifically, the humidity switch 50 is a component that integrates humidity sensing and signal transmission functions. It is installed at the end of the microwave antenna 20 near the first outlet 13. This is the farthest end of the microwave antenna 20 and the position that is in direct contact with the lesion site, used to detect the moisture content of the tissue surrounding the microwave antenna 20.

[0059] It is worth noting that biological tissues (such as tumors, liver, and muscles) contain a large amount of water. The essence of microwave ablation is to use a high-frequency electromagnetic field to cause water molecules to rotate violently and generate heat through friction. During the ablation process, as the temperature rises, the water in the tissue gradually evaporates and vaporizes, leading to local tissue dehydration, drying, and even carbonization.

[0060] The humidity switch 50 communicates with external devices (such as computers, dedicated controllers, etc.) to send detected data to the external devices. Upon receiving the data, the external devices dynamically adjust the microwave output power based on the data. For example, when a rapid drop in humidity is detected, the power is automatically reduced to complete the ablation process gently, avoiding "boiling over" or tissue splatter.

[0061] Specifically, humidity often decreases before a sharp rise in temperature. Before tissue is heated to dangerous levels (such as the carbonization point, typically >100°C), moisture has already begun to evaporate significantly, causing a substantial drop in humidity. Therefore, the humidity switch 50 can provide an earlier warning of potential risks than temperature control.

[0062] Temperature measures the immediate effect of "energy input," while humidity measures changes in the "inherent properties of tissue." When tissue is completely dehydrated and dried, its conductivity decreases, making it difficult for microwave energy to continue to deposit effectively (impedance mismatch). This can easily lead to excessively high antenna rod temperatures or tissue carbonization and ignition. The humidity switch 50 can accurately determine the ablation endpoint—that is, whether the tissue has been fully ablated (dehydration complete).

[0063] In some cases (such as near large blood vessels), blood flow carries away heat, resulting in a slow temperature rise, but ablation may not be sufficient (i.e., the "heat sink effect"). In such cases, relying solely on temperature may lead to misjudgment. The humidity switch 50 can directly reflect whether coagulative necrosis (dehydration) has truly occurred in the diseased tissue. Combined with temperature data, it can more accurately determine the treatment effect.

[0064] In some embodiments, the humidity switch 50 is disposed on the outer surface of the microwave antenna 20. Specifically, the sensor is placed on the outer surface of the microwave antenna 20 so that it can be closely attached to or very close to the tissue to be ablated, so as to achieve real-time measurement in "in situ" or "near in situ".

[0065] This is because changes in moisture (vaporization, dehydration) in diseased tissue first occur within the tissue itself. If the humidity switch 50 is embedded in the inner wall of the antenna, it needs to wait for moisture changes to indirectly affect the antenna body through heat conduction or material diffusion, which introduces a significant time lag and measurement error. Placing it on the outer surface allows for direct sensing of changes in the tissue interface, resulting in a faster response, more accurate data, and improved detection accuracy.

[0066] It is worth noting that in other embodiments, the humidity switch 50 is disposed on the inner wall of the microwave antenna 20, and the surface of the microwave antenna 20 is provided with a detection hole, which is used for the humidity switch 50 to detect the humidity of the diseased tissue.

[0067] Furthermore, the surface of the microwave antenna 20 is provided with a groove, the humidity switch 50 is installed in the groove, and the outer surface of the humidity switch 50 is not higher than the outer surface of the microwave antenna 20.

[0068] Specifically, when a microwave catheter is inserted into the human body percutaneously or through natural cavities, it will generate intense friction with tissues, sheaths, etc. Installing the humidity switch 50 in the groove can prevent the humidity switch 50 from being scraped off, damaged, or displaced during the insertion of the microwave catheter. Fragments that fall off may become foreign objects in the body, causing serious medical accidents.

[0069] Furthermore, when the humidity switch 50 is installed in the groove, it is flush with the surface of the microwave antenna 20. Specifically, during the ablation process, if there is a gap or step between the switch and the antenna surface, a "dead cavity" can easily form, where tissue fluid or carbonized tissue may accumulate. This not only affects the accuracy of subsequent measurements but may also become a breeding ground for bacteria. The flush design facilitates cleaning (relying on blood flow or self-flushing) and reduces the risk of foreign body accumulation.

[0070] In some embodiments, the temperature control switch 40 is a flexible sensor. Specifically, the temperature control switch 40 is a flexible sensor that is bendable, deformable, and can conform to irregular surfaces. It is understood that flexible sensors are typically manufactured using thin-film processes, with their sensitive layer thickness usually at the micrometer or even nanometer level, resulting in extremely small thermal mass. This means that it can change almost instantaneously with the temperature change of the measured surface, greatly improving the speed of temperature response. For the temperature control switch 40, a faster response means that protection can be triggered earlier the moment overheating occurs, resulting in higher safety.

[0071] In some embodiments, the humidity switch 50 is a flexible sensor. Specifically, the humidity switch 50 is a flexible sensor that is bendable, deformable, and able to conform to irregular surfaces. Flexible sensors typically employ a thin-film interdigitated electrode structure, which has a smooth surface and good skin-friendliness. With the aid of the grooves, when tissue is in contact with the sensor, the micro-deformation capability of the flexible sensor allows it to form a tighter and more uniform contact with the tissue surface, improving the stability and repeatability of the measurement signal.

[0072] In some embodiments, the microwave conduit further includes a guide wire 60, which is movably disposed in the first channel 11. The guide wire 60 can enter and exit the first channel 11 from the first inlet 12, and one end of the guide wire 60 extending into the first channel 11 can drive the microwave antenna 20 to change its orientation relative to the outer tube 10. When one of the guide wire 60 and the antenna feed line 30 is located in the first channel 11, the other is detached from the first channel 11.

[0073] Specifically, a guidewire 60 is movably disposed in the first channel 11, and the guidewire 60 can enter and exit the first channel 11 through the first inlet 12. More specifically, it is a thin, filamentous tool used for guidance and positioning within blood vessels or channels inside the human body. The guidewire 60 is typically very thin and flexible, and can be guided through blood vessels or other channels to the location requiring treatment or examination.

[0074] Furthermore, the guide wire 60 can enter and exit the first channel 11 from the first inlet 12, and the end of the guide wire 60 extending into the first channel 11 can drive the microwave antenna 20 to change its orientation relative to the outer sleeve 10.

[0075] Specifically, since the guide wire 60 can extend into the first channel 11 from the first inlet 12, naturally, the end of the guide wire 60 extending into the first channel 11 can extend from the first outlet 13. Simultaneously, since the microwave antenna 20 is movably located at the distal end of the outer sleeve 10, and based on the characteristics of the guide wire 60, the distal end of the guide wire 60 (i.e., the end of the guide wire 60 extending into the first channel 11) can be turned under the operation of medical personnel. Therefore, the guide wire 60 can drive the microwave antenna 20 to change its orientation.

[0076] This setup allows for two main advantages: firstly, the orientation of the microwave antenna 20 can be changed via the guidewire 60, thereby adjusting the forward direction of the outer sheath 10 within the human body; secondly, the orientation of the microwave antenna 20 can be finely adjusted via the guidewire 60 to regulate the radiation direction of the microwave energy, thus changing the irradiation angle and position of the microwave energy. This ensures that the microwave energy can more precisely irradiate the target tissue, maximizing the therapeutic effect.

[0077] Furthermore, in this embodiment, when one of the guide wire 60 and the antenna feed line 30 is in the first channel 11, the other is out of the first channel 11. Thus, the guide wire 60 and the antenna feed line 30 are configured to be used alternately, meaning that only one of them is in the first channel 11 at any given time, while the other is out of the first channel 11. This design allows the guide wire 60 and the antenna feed line 30 to be used at different stages to achieve different functions.

[0078] Specifically, when the guidewire 60 is located within the first channel 11, it can act as a guide, directing the microcatheter or other therapeutic devices within the body. The slender and flexible nature of the guidewire 60 allows it to pass through the vascular system, guiding the microwave catheter to the lesion site requiring treatment. When the antenna feeder 30 is located within the first channel 11, it can connect to the microwave antenna 20 to ensure that microwave energy can be effectively delivered to the target lesion site.

[0079] This configuration allows the guidewire 60 to guide the microcatheter's movement within the body, ensuring the microwave catheter reaches the lesion site accurately and quickly. Simultaneously, the antenna feeder 30 guarantees that microwave energy is successfully transmitted to the microwave antenna 20. Furthermore, while ensuring these two functions are achieved, the diameter of the microwave catheter can be minimized to adapt it to a wider range of medical treatment scenarios.

[0080] In some embodiments, the microwave conduit further includes a hollow flexible connection portion 70 located at the distal end of the outer tube 10 and flexibly connected to the outer tube 10. The microwave antenna 20 is located at the end of the flexible connection portion 70 away from the outer tube 10. The flexible connection portion 70 is configured to change the orientation of the microwave antenna 20 under the drive of the guide wire 60 extending into one end of the microwave conduit.

[0081] Specifically, the hollow structure of the flexible connector 70 allows the microwave antenna 20 to be exposed in the first channel 11 through its hollow structure, while also allowing the antenna feed line 30 to pass through the flexible connector 70 for electrical connection with the microwave antenna 20. Furthermore, the hollow structure of the flexible connector 70 also allows the end of the guide wire 60 to enter the flexible connector 70, thereby changing the orientation of the microwave antenna 20 by altering the shape of the flexible connector 70.

[0082] It is worth noting that since the microwave antenna 20 is usually made of metal and has a certain rigidity, it can play a guiding role when the microwave conduit moves through the human body and its orientation changes, so as to guide the outer tube 10 to move in the desired direction.

[0083] In summary, the flexible connection 70 enables a movable connection between the microwave antenna 20 and the outer sleeve 10 while ensuring the rigidity of the microwave antenna 20.

[0084] Of course, the design of this application is not limited to this. In other embodiments, the part connecting the microwave antenna 20 to the outer tube 10 can also be made flexible to realize the movable connection of the microwave antenna 20 on the outer tube 10.

[0085] In some embodiments, the flexible connector 70 is X-ray transparent. This means that the flexible connector 70 can be clearly displayed under X-ray imaging using X-rays or other medical imaging techniques. Thus, under image guidance, doctors can more accurately control the position of the guidewire 60, thereby adjusting the shape of the flexible connector 70 and changing the orientation of the microwave antenna 20. Of course, the design of this application is not limited to this; in other embodiments, the flexible connector 70 may also be configured to be non-X-ray transparent.

[0086] In some embodiments, the flexible connection 70 is tapered from the proximal end to the distal end of the outer sleeve 10. That is, the flexible connection 70 is designed to gradually decrease in size from the proximal end to the distal end of the outer sleeve 10. This design has the following advantages in the construction of microwave ducts:

[0087] 1. Adaptability to Vascular Structure: The diameter of the vascular system varies in different locations. The tapered design of the flexible connector 70 allows the catheter to better adapt to blood vessels of different diameters, ensuring that the catheter can pass through different vascular segments more easily.

[0088] 2. Reduced trauma: When entering smaller blood vessels, the tapered design of the flexible connector 70 can reduce trauma to the vessel wall, reducing patient discomfort and the risk of complications.

[0089] 3. Increased stability: The tapered design provides better guidance, making the catheter more stable inside the blood vessel and reducing the possibility of the catheter moving or twisting inside the blood vessel.

[0090] In some embodiments, the microwave antenna 20 is hollow, forming a cavity that extends in the same direction as the outer sleeve 10 and communicates with the first channel 11. This design allows the antenna feed line 30 to extend into the microwave antenna 20, facilitating an electrical connection between the antenna feed line 30 and the microwave antenna 20. Simultaneously, the presence of the cavity reduces direct contact between the microwave antenna 20 and the outer sleeve 10, thereby reducing heat conduction through the outer sleeve 10 and helping to lower the risk of thermal damage during treatment. Of course, the design of this application is not limited to this; in other embodiments, the microwave antenna 20 may also be a solid structure.

[0091] In some embodiments, the outer sleeve 10 is further provided with a second channel 14, which extends from the proximal end to the distal end of the outer sleeve 10 and is spaced apart from the first channel 11. The second channel 14 forms a second inlet 15 and a second outlet 16 at the proximal end of the outer sleeve 10. The second inlet 15 is used to allow the temperature-regulating medium to enter the second channel 14, and the second outlet 16 is used to allow the temperature-regulating medium to leave the second channel 14. The temperature-regulating medium is used to change the temperature of the microwave antenna 20 and the antenna feed line 30.

[0092] Specifically, the second channel 14 is a channel separated from the first channel 11 disposed within the outer sleeve 10. It starts from the near end of the outer sleeve 10 and extends towards the far end. In order to change the temperature of the antenna feed line 30, the second channel 14 can be arranged in a U-shape to surround the first channel 11 on two opposite sides, or arranged in a double helix to surround the first channel 11 circumferentially.

[0093] Optionally, depending on the specific situation, the temperature control medium can be set to three states: gaseous, liquid, and solid. Examples of each type are as follows:

[0094] 1. Gaseous temperature control medium (gas): Air is one of the most common gaseous temperature control media. By adjusting the temperature of the air, the temperature of the microwave antenna 20 and the antenna feed line 30 can be affected.

[0095] 2. Liquid temperature regulating medium:

[0096] Water: Water is a commonly used liquid temperature-regulating medium. Water has a high heat capacity and can effectively absorb and release heat energy. By adjusting the temperature of the water, the temperature of the microwave antenna 20 and the antenna feed line 30 can be controlled.

[0097] Liquid heat transfer oil: Some specific liquid heat transfer oils, such as heat conduction oils, can also be used as temperature control media. These oils have good thermal conductivity and can stably control the temperature of microwave components under temperature changes.

[0098] 3. Solid temperature control medium:

[0099] Phase change materials (PCMs): PCMs are solid materials with specific phase transition temperatures. Within this temperature range, these materials change from a solid to a liquid state, absorbing heat. For example, some PCM waxes can absorb heat energy when the temperature changes, thus affecting the temperature of microwave components.

[0100] Thermosensitive materials: Some solid thermosensitive materials undergo structural changes when heated, resulting in temperature variations. These materials can be used to control the temperature of microwave antenna 20 and antenna feed line 30.

[0101] It is understandable that the temperature of the antenna feed line 30 can be adjusted by using a temperature-regulating medium to avoid damage to blood vessels caused by the temperature generated by the antenna feed line 30 during treatment.

[0102] Furthermore, the flexible connection 70 is provided with a third channel 71 that communicates with the second channel 14, and a portion of the microwave antenna 20 is exposed to the third channel 71.

[0103] Specifically, in this third channel 71, a portion of the microwave antenna 20 is exposed. This design allows a temperature-regulating medium to enter through the second channel 14 and influence the temperature of the microwave antenna 20.

[0104] Furthermore, the microwave antenna 20 is configured to be made of shape memory alloy and has a first shape and a second shape, and is configured to deform from the first shape to the second shape under the temperature of the temperature-regulating medium.

[0105] Specifically, shape memory alloys (SMAs) are a special type of metallic alloy that has the ability to remember and recover its predetermined shape at specific temperatures. This special material can transform from one preset form to another when heated or cooled.

[0106] In this embodiment, the microwave antenna 20 has a first form and a second form, and can be transformed from the first form to the second form under the temperature of the temperature-regulating medium.

[0107] Alternatively, the first configuration of the microwave antenna 20 is configured to be more conducive to the movement of the microwave conduit within the human body, such as a round head, an ellipse, a semi-ellipse, a frustum, or a cone.

[0108] Alternatively, the second configuration of the microwave antenna 20 is configured to be more conducive to the microwave catheter radiating microwave energy to the lesion site, such as linear, arc-shaped, spiral, circular, mesh, or grid-shaped.

[0109] This deformation affects the orientation, shape, and radiation characteristics of the microwave antenna 20, thereby altering the microwave energy irradiation pattern. Thus, by adjusting the shape and orientation of the microwave antenna 20 through the shape change of the shape memory alloy, more precise microwave energy irradiation can be achieved.

[0110] Specifically, when the microwave catheter is directed towards the lesion site, the microwave antenna 20 can be maintained in a first configuration using a temperature-regulating medium, or the microwave antenna 20 can be set to remain in the first configuration within the blood vessel temperature range. Once the microwave catheter reaches the lesion site, the temperature of the microwave antenna 20 can be changed using the temperature-regulating medium, causing it to transform from the first configuration to a second configuration. It is worth noting that in order to maintain the second configuration of the microwave antenna 20, a temperature-regulating medium needs to be continuously introduced from outside the body to maintain the temperature of the microwave antenna 20.

[0111] Alternatively, the microwave antenna 20 can be made of alloys such as nickel-titanium alloy, copper-aluminum-zinc alloy (Cu-Al-Zn), and iron-titanium alloy (Fe-Ti).

[0112] Optionally, the deformation temperature of the microwave antenna 20 from the first to the second configuration is set to 20°C to 30°C. This setting allows the microwave antenna 20 to maintain its first configuration at body temperature (37°C) without the need for a temperature-regulating medium. This is particularly useful when the microwave catheter moves within the body, as the microwave antenna 20 maintains the optimal configuration for catheter movement within the body temperature environment, thus reducing trauma and discomfort to the blood vessel walls. Furthermore, when microwave energy needs to be radiated, the microwave antenna 20 and antenna feed line 30 can be cooled by introducing a temperature-regulating medium into the second channel 14. This helps prevent potential thermal damage to blood vessels caused by heat generated during treatment. This cooling effect improves the safety of the treatment, ensuring that the patient does not experience additional discomfort or risk.

[0113] In some embodiments, when the microwave antenna 20 is in the first configuration, the microwave antenna 20 is tapered from the near end to the far end of the outer sleeve 10 and forms a cavity.

[0114] Specifically, this means that the appearance of the microwave antenna 20 gradually decreases from the proximal end to the distal end. This tapered shape of the microwave antenna 20 can guide the microwave catheter as it moves within the blood vessel, aiding in its advancement. Furthermore, the tapered shape reduces trauma and resistance to the blood vessel wall during its movement. In addition, the cavity in the first configuration facilitates the insertion of the antenna feed line 30, enabling electrical connection between the antenna feed line 30 and the microwave antenna 20.

[0115] In some embodiments, when the microwave antenna 20 is in the second configuration, the microwave antenna 20 is gradually widened from the near end to the far end of the outer sleeve 10.

[0116] Specifically, this means that the microwave antenna 20 in the second configuration gradually increases in size from the near end to the far end of the outer casing 10. This design allows the expanding shape to influence the radiation pattern of microwave energy, thereby enabling better irradiation of the target area. Furthermore, the expanding shape can increase the range of microwave irradiation, thus covering a wider area of ​​the lesion. In addition, the expanding shape also helps to disperse and diffuse the generated heat, thereby reducing potential damage to blood vessels.

[0117] In some embodiments, when the microwave antenna 20 is in the second configuration, a radiating arc surface 21 is formed on the side of the microwave antenna 20 facing away from the outer sleeve 10. This means that the radiating portion of the microwave antenna 20 is curved and points in a specific direction. Specifically, when the microwave antenna 20 is in the second configuration, a concave radiating arc surface 21 is formed on the side of the microwave antenna 20 facing away from the outer sleeve 10. Of course, it can also be formed as a convex radiating arc surface 21.

[0118] This design allows the radiating arc surface 21 to more precisely irradiate the target area, thereby improving treatment accuracy. Correspondingly, this design reduces unnecessary microwave irradiation of surrounding normal tissues, thus minimizing potential side effects and damage. Furthermore, the radiating arc surface 21 achieves a more uniform microwave energy distribution, preventing local overheating or insufficient energy during treatment. Additionally, the radiating arc surface 21 reduces microwave energy reflection, thereby improving energy transfer and absorption efficiency.

[0119] Of course, the design of this application is not limited to this. In other embodiments, when the microwave antenna 20 is in the second form, it may not form a radiating arc surface 21, but rather a plane or other shape.

[0120] In some embodiments, one end of the antenna feed line 30 extending into the first channel 11 is provided with a connection end 31, and the connection end 31 is provided with a connection terminal 311 electrically connected to the microwave antenna 20. The connection end 31 is gradually widened from the outer sleeve 10 toward the flexible connection portion 70.

[0121] Specifically, the connector 311 is a small component made of conductive material, the shape and design of which can be customized to meet specific application requirements. It generally includes the following key components:

[0122] 1. Conductive material: The connecting terminal 311 needs to have good electrical conductivity. Usually, metal materials with excellent electrical conductivity, such as copper, gold, and silver, are used.

[0123] 2. Connection Ports: One port of the connection terminal 311 is used to connect to the antenna feed line 30, and the other port is used to electrically connect to the microwave antenna 20.

[0124] Furthermore, the connection end 31 gradually widens from the near end of the outer sleeve 10 toward the flexible connection portion 70. This means that the connection end 31 gradually increases in size from the near end to the far end, thus enabling the connection end 31 to adapt to the second configuration of the microwave antenna 20, thereby improving the reliability of the electrical connection between the microwave antenna 20 and the antenna feed line 30.

[0125] Specifically, when the microwave antenna 20 is in the first configuration, the connection end 31 can extend into the cavity formed by the microwave antenna 20. This configuration allows the connection end 31 to pre-fit with the microwave antenna 20, which helps to improve the reliability of the electrical connection between the microwave antenna 20 and the antenna feed line 30 in the second configuration.

[0126] Specifically, when the microwave antenna 20 is in the second configuration, the inner wall of the microwave antenna 20 elastically fits against the outer surface of the connection end 31, and an electrical contact is formed between the microwave antenna 20 and the connection end 31. This configuration ensures a tight fit between the microwave antenna 20 and the connection end 31, forming a reliable electrical contact.

[0127] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microwave catheter, characterized by, include: The outer tube has a proximal end and a distal end that are disposed opposite to each other. A first channel is also formed inside the outer tube. The proximal end is provided with a first inlet communicating with the first channel, and the distal end is provided with a first outlet communicating with the first channel. A microwave antenna is movably disposed at the distal end of the outer sleeve, and a portion of the microwave antenna is exposed in the first channel from the first outlet. An antenna feed line is movably disposed in the first channel. The antenna feed line can enter and exit the first channel from the first inlet. One end of the antenna feed line extending into the first channel is configured to be electrically connected to the microwave antenna. A temperature control switch is located at one end of the microwave antenna near the first outlet. The temperature control switch is configured to detect the temperature at the far end of the microwave antenna in real time and send the detection data to an external device. When the detection data received by the external device exceeds a preset value, the external device controls the microwave antenna to stop working.

2. The microwave catheter of claim 1, wherein, The temperature control switch is located on the inner wall of the microwave antenna.

3. The microwave catheter of claim 1, wherein, The microwave conduit also includes a humidity switch, which is located at one end of the microwave antenna near the first outlet. The humidity switch is configured to detect tissue humidity in real time and send the detection data to an external device. When the detection data received by the external device exceeds a preset value, the external device controls the microwave antenna to stop working.

4. The microwave conduit as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The humidity switch is located on the outer surface of the microwave antenna.

5. The microwave conduit as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The temperature control switch is a flexible sensor; The humidity switch is a flexible sensor.

6. The microwave conduit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The microwave conduit also includes a guide wire, which is movably disposed in the first channel. The guide wire can enter from the first inlet and exit from the first channel, and one end of the guide wire extending into the first channel can drive the microwave antenna to change its orientation relative to the outer tube; wherein, when one of the guide wire and the antenna feed line is in the first channel, the other is out of the first channel.

7. The microwave conduit as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The microwave duct also includes a hollow flexible connecting part, which is located at the distal end of the outer tube and is flexibly connected to the outer tube. The microwave antenna is located at the end of the flexible connecting part away from the outer tube. The flexible connector is configured to change the orientation of the microwave antenna when driven by the guidewire extending into one end of the microwave duct.

8. The microwave conduit as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The microwave antenna is hollow and has a cavity. The cavity extends in the same direction as the outer sleeve and is connected to the first channel.

9. The microwave conduit as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The outer tube is further provided with a second channel, which extends from the proximal end to the distal end of the outer tube and is separated from the first channel. The second channel forms a second inlet and a second outlet at the proximal end of the outer tube. The second inlet is used to allow the temperature-regulating medium to enter the second channel, and the second outlet is used to allow the temperature-regulating medium to leave the second channel. The temperature-regulating medium is used to change the temperature of the microwave antenna and the antenna feed line. The flexible connection portion is provided with a third channel communicating with the second channel, and a portion of the microwave antenna is exposed in the third channel; The microwave antenna is made of shape memory alloy and has a first shape and a second shape. The microwave antenna is configured to deform from the first shape to the second shape under the temperature of the temperature-regulating medium.

10. The microwave conduit as described in claim 9, characterized in that, When the microwave antenna is in the first configuration, the microwave antenna is tapered from the near end to the far end of the outer sleeve, forming the cavity. When the microwave antenna is in the second configuration, the microwave antenna is gradually widened from the near end to the far end of the outer sleeve.

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