Heavy viscous oil dewatering device without diluent and dewatering method

Abstract

This invention provides an electrostatic dehydrator and dehydration method for heavy oil without diluent, belonging to the field of oil and gas field surface engineering technology. The system includes: a degassing chamber and a dehydration chamber within a shell, separated by a partition; a first exhaust outlet at the top of the degassing chamber and a second exhaust outlet at the top of the dehydration chamber. A crude oil inlet pipe is located in the degassing chamber, with a drop aeration mechanism below its output end. An exhaust pipe is located at the top of the dehydration chamber. An oil inlet pipe includes a produced fluid pipe and an oil distribution pipe, with an outlet hole below the distribution pipe. An oil outlet manifold is located at the top of the dehydration chamber, with an oil collection hole below. A water outlet manifold is located at the bottom of the dehydration chamber, with a water collection hole above. Multiple electrode plates are installed between the produced fluid pipe and the oil outlet manifold. This invention improves the separation effect of water-containing heavy oil, simplifies the internal components of the device, reduces its size, lowers engineering investment, effectively prevents gas interference during dehydration, ensures uniform distribution of the oil inlet across the cross-section of the dehydration chamber, avoids the effects of eddies and plug flow, and improves the processing efficiency of heavy oil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil and gas field surface engineering technology, specifically to a heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent and a multi-field coupled electrostatic dehydration method for heavy oil. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, major heavy oil blocks in China are in the mid-to-late stages of development, and with continuously improving environmental protection standards, exploring closed-loop dehydration processes for heavy oil has become an inevitable trend. Heavy oil has specific density and viscosity standards, making novel electro-dehydration technologies a key direction for achieving efficient closed-loop oil-water separation.

[0003] Currently, heavy oil dehydration abroad generally employs a closed-loop dehydration process with added diluents. In my country, some oilfields use a closed-loop dehydration process combining thermochemical sedimentation with added diluents and electrochemical dehydration, while others use a two-stage thermochemical sedimentation dehydration process. In the crude oil dehydration system, heavy oil undergoes a first-stage pre-dehydration process using a large tank / three-phase separator. Afterward, the crude oil is heated to the system dehydration temperature in a heater before entering the electrostatic dehydrator for a second stage of dehydration. During the heating process, the amount of associated gas released is minimal; an exhaust valve is typically installed above the mixing and dehydration chamber, and gas accumulation is eliminated periodically by manual venting. The use of a "quasi-static sedimentation" concept during electrostatic dehydration contributes to the efficient dehydration of heavy oil.

[0004] However, the existing heavy oil dehydration methods have the following problems: (1) Heavy oil is difficult to dehydrate due to its high degree of emulsification, small density difference with water and high viscosity, and it is difficult to meet the qualified indicators; (2) The change in development mode (such as fire drive) increases the amount of associated gas, which not only disturbs the flow field and affects the dehydration index during electric dehydration, but also accumulates in the mixing dehydration chamber, occupies the separation volume, shortens the residence time of the oil-water mixture, and further reduces the separation effect; (3) Manual venting cannot allow operators to judge the amount of associated gas, which poses a safety risk of explosion. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator and dehydration method without diluent to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, embodiments of the present invention provide a heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent, comprising: The shell has a degassing chamber and a dehydration chamber inside. The two ends of the dehydration chamber are separated from the degassing chamber by partitions. The partition at one end has a partition hole. The top of the degassing chamber has a first exhaust outlet, and the top of the dehydration chamber has a second exhaust outlet. The crude oil inlet pipeline is located inside the degassing chamber. The input end of the crude oil inlet pipeline is located outside the degassing chamber, and a drop aeration mechanism fixed to the bottom of the degassing chamber is installed below the output end of the crude oil inlet pipeline. The exhaust pipe is located at the top of the dehydration chamber. One end of the exhaust pipe passes through the shell, and the other end passes through the partition at one end. The oil inlet pipeline includes a produced fluid pipeline and an oil inlet distribution pipe. The produced fluid pipeline is located inside the dehydration chamber. One end of the produced fluid pipeline is connected to the partition hole, and the other end of the produced fluid pipeline is connected to the oil inlet distribution pipe. Multiple downward-facing outlet holes are provided below the oil inlet distribution pipe. An oil outlet manifold is located at the top inside the dehydration chamber. One end of the oil outlet manifold passes through the degassing chamber and the shell. Multiple downward-facing oil collection holes are provided below the oil outlet manifold. The water outlet manifold is located at the bottom of the dehydration chamber and below the oil inlet distribution pipe. One end of the water outlet manifold passes through the degassing chamber and the shell, and multiple water collection holes are provided above the water outlet manifold. Multiple electrode plates are installed between the produced fluid pipeline and the oil outlet manifold.

[0007] Optionally, the inlet end of the crude oil inlet pipeline is connected to one end of the bottom of the symmetrical inverted T-shaped pipe, and a flow divider is provided at the longitudinal central axis of the symmetrical inverted T-shaped pipe, with a flow turbulence element provided above the flow divider.

[0008] Optionally, the heavy oil dehydrator without diluent also includes: an oil outlet branch pipe, a qualified oil storage tank, and an unqualified oil storage tank; A degassing chamber pressure gauge is installed at the first exhaust outlet, a dehydration chamber pressure gauge is installed at the second exhaust outlet, and a dehydration chamber flow meter is installed inside the degassing chamber. The degassing chamber is also connected to the qualified oil storage tank. An oil pressure regulating valve is installed between the degassing chamber and the qualified oil storage tank. One end of the oil outlet branch pipe is connected to the oil outlet manifold, and the other end of the oil outlet branch pipe passes through the shell and is connected to the qualified oil storage tank. One end of the oil outlet manifold passes through the degassing chamber and the shell and is connected to the unqualified oil storage tank. A flow regulating valve is installed on the oil outlet branch pipe. A liquid level pressure switch valve is installed between one end of the oil outlet manifold and the unqualified oil storage tank. The degassing chamber pressure gauge, dehydration chamber pressure gauge, dehydration chamber flow meter, oil pressure regulating valve, flow regulating valve and liquid level pressure switch valve are all connected to the control module. The degassing chamber pressure gauge is used to monitor the pressure in the degassing chamber; The dehydration chamber pressure gauge is used to monitor the pressure in the dehydration chamber; The dewatering chamber flow meter is used to monitor the outlet water flow of the dewatering pipeline; The control module performs proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the pressure in the degassing chamber and the preset pressure in the degassing chamber to generate an oil pressure regulating valve opening adjustment command. The control module also performs proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the outlet water flow rate of the dewatering pipeline and the preset outlet water flow rate of the dewatering pipeline to generate a flow regulating valve opening adjustment command. The control module also performs proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the pressure in the degassing chamber and the preset pressure in the degassing chamber to generate a flow rate, level, and pressure switch valve opening adjustment command. The hydraulic pressure regulating valve is used to control the opening degree of the hydraulic pressure regulating valve when it receives an opening degree adjustment command. The flow control valve is used to control the opening degree of the flow control valve when it receives a flow control valve opening degree adjustment command; The level pressure switch valve is used to control the opening degree of the level pressure switch valve when it receives a flow rate level pressure switch valve opening degree adjustment command.

[0009] Optionally, there are six electrode plates, and the electric fields formed between the electrode plates from bottom to top are, respectively, a low-voltage high-pulse electric field, a high-voltage high-pulse electric field, a first thermochemical field and a gravitational field, a DC electric field and a second thermochemical field and a gravitational field.

[0010] Optionally, a buffer compartment is provided at the connection between the produced fluid pipeline and the oil inlet distribution pipe, and the buffer compartment is filled with a porous media material.

[0011] Optionally, the outlet holes are based on the longitudinal central axis of the oil inlet distribution pipe, and the diameter of the holes increases from the central axis to both sides.

[0012] Optionally, exhaust valves are provided at the first exhaust outlet and the second exhaust outlet.

[0013] Optionally, the cascading aeration mechanism is a crescent-shaped baffle.

[0014] Optionally, the top of the dehydration chamber is also equipped with a radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, a differential pressure boundary gauge, a guided wave radar boundary gauge, and a computing module. Radio frequency admittance level gauges are used to monitor the comprehensive characterization value of dielectric induction; Differential pressure gauges are used to monitor the pressure difference between the upper and lower parts of an oil-water mixture; Guided wave radar level gauges are used to monitor the running time of pulse signals; The calculation module is used to obtain the boundary position under the radio frequency admittance boundary level gauge based on the comprehensive characterization value of dielectric induction, the height of the preset oil-water mixture, the dielectric constant of water and the dielectric constant of oil; The calculation module is also used to obtain the boundary position under the differential pressure boundary gauge based on the pressure difference between the upper and lower parts of the oil-water mixture, the preset height of the oil-water mixture, the density of water, the density of oil, and the gravitational acceleration. The calculation module is also used to obtain the boundary position under the guided wave radar boundary gauge based on the running time of the pulse signal, the speed of light, and the preset sky beacon height; The calculation module is also used to calculate the safety failure rate probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges based on a voting mechanism. The calculation module is also used to determine the minimum safe failure rate probability among the safe failure rate probability of the frequency admittance boundary meter, the safe failure rate probability of the differential pressure boundary meter, and the safe failure rate probability of the guided wave radar boundary meter as the safe failure rate probability of the target boundary meter, and to take the boundary position corresponding to the safe failure rate probability of the target boundary meter as the target boundary position.

[0015] Optionally, the calculation module is specifically used for: Using formula (1), the dielectric induction comprehensive characterization value, the height of the preset oil-water mixture, the dielectric constant of water and the dielectric constant of oil are calculated to obtain the boundary position under the radio frequency admittance boundary level gauge; ;in, Indicates the boundary value under the radio frequency admittance level gauge. This represents the overall characteristic value of dielectric induction. This represents the dielectric constant of oil. Indicates the height of the preset oil-water mixture. This represents the dielectric constant of water.

[0016] Optionally, the calculation module is specifically used for: Using formula (2), the pressure difference between the upper and lower parts of the oil-water mixture, the preset height of the oil-water mixture, the density of water, the density of oil, and the gravitational acceleration are calculated to obtain the boundary position under the differential pressure gauge. ;in, This indicates the interface position under a differential pressure interface gauge. This indicates the pressure difference between the upper and lower parts of the oil-water mixture. Represents gravitational acceleration. Indicates the density of oil, Indicates the height of the preset oil-water mixture. This indicates the density of water.

[0017] Optionally, the calculation module is specifically used for: Using formula (3), the boundary position under the guided wave radar boundary gauge is calculated based on the running time of the pulse signal, the speed of light and the preset sky marker height. ;in, Indicates the boundary position under the guided wave radar boundary gauge. Indicates the preset blank height. Represents the speed of light. This indicates the duration of the pulse signal.

[0018] Optionally, the calculation module is specifically used for: Obtain the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, and restart time after shutdown for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges; Using formula (4), the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, and restart time after shutdown of the radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, differential pressure boundary gauge, and guided wave radar boundary gauge are calculated respectively, and the safety failure rate probability of the radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, differential pressure boundary gauge, and guided wave radar boundary gauge under a single voting mechanism is obtained. (4); among which, This represents the safety failure rate probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges under a single voting mechanism. This indicates the detectable safety failure probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the probability of undetected safety failure for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the restart time after shutdown for radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges.

[0019] Optionally, the calculation module is specifically used for: Obtain the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, and restart time after shutdown for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges; Using formula (5), the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor and restart time after shutdown of the radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, differential pressure boundary gauge and guided wave radar boundary gauge are calculated to obtain the safety failure rate probability of the radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, differential pressure boundary gauge and guided wave radar boundary gauge under the dual instrument consensus voting mechanism. (5); among which, This represents the safety failure rate probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges under a dual-instrument consensus voting mechanism. This indicates the detectable safety failure probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the probability of undetected safety failure for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This represents the undetected common-cause failure factor for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the restart time after shutdown for radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges.

[0020] Optionally, the calculation module is specifically used for: Acquire the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, restart time after shutdown, periodic functional test interval and online repair time for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges and guided wave radar boundary gauges; Using formula (6), the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, restart time after shutdown, periodic functional test interval time and online repair time of radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, differential pressure boundary gauge and guided wave radar boundary gauge are calculated to obtain the safety failure rate probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, differential pressure boundary gauge and guided wave radar boundary gauge under the dual instrument majority voting mechanism. ;in, This represents the safety failure rate probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges under a dual-instrument majority voting mechanism. This indicates the detectable safety failure probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the probability of undetected safety failure for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This represents the undetected common-cause failure factor for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the restart time after shutdown for the radio frequency admittance level gauge, differential pressure level gauge, and differential pressure level gauge. This indicates the online repair time for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the periodic functional test interval for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges.

[0021] Optionally, the calculation module is specifically used for: Acquire the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, restart time after shutdown, periodic functional test interval and online repair time for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges and guided wave radar boundary gauges; Using formula (7), the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, restart time after shutdown, periodic functional test interval time and online repair time of RF admittance boundary gauge, differential pressure boundary gauge and guided wave radar boundary gauge are calculated to obtain the safety failure rate probability of RF admittance boundary gauge, differential pressure boundary gauge and guided wave radar boundary gauge under the three-instrument majority voting mechanism. ;in, This indicates the safety failure rate probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges under a three-instrument majority voting mechanism. This indicates the detectable safety failure probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the probability of undetected safety failure for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This represents the undetected common-cause failure factor for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the restart time after shutdown for the radio frequency admittance level gauge, differential pressure level gauge, and differential pressure level gauge. This indicates the online repair time for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the periodic functional test interval for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges.

[0022] Optionally, the detectable safety failure probability of the radio frequency admittance level gauge, differential pressure level gauge, and differential pressure level gauge is calculated as follows: ;in, This indicates the detectable safety failure probability of radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges. This indicates the component failure probability of radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges. This indicates the safety failure rate of radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges. This indicates the diagnostic coverage of radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges.

[0023] Optionally, the probability of undetected safety failure of the radio frequency admittance level gauge, differential pressure level gauge, and differential pressure level gauge is calculated as follows: ;in, This indicates the probability of undetected safety failure for radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges. This indicates the component failure probability of radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges. This indicates the safety failure rate of radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges. This indicates the diagnostic coverage of radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges.

[0024] In a second aspect of the present invention, a multi-field coupled electro-dehydration method for heavy oil is provided, based on the above-mentioned electro-dehydrator for heavy oil without diluent, comprising: Heavy oil is introduced into the oil inlet pipeline; Heavy oil undergoes preliminary dehydration under the combined action of a low-pressure high-frequency pulsed electric field, a first thermochemical field, and a gravitational field to obtain pre-dehydrated oil. After initial dehydration, the oil undergoes secondary dehydration under the action of a high-voltage, high-frequency electric field to obtain oil after secondary dehydration. The oil after secondary dehydration is subjected to tertiary dehydration under the action of a high-voltage DC electric field to obtain oil after tertiary dehydration. The oil, after being dehydrated three times, undergoes final dehydration under the influence of a second thermochemical field and a gravitational field to obtain the final dehydrated oil.

[0025] Optionally, the parameters of the low-voltage high-pulse electric field are: voltage 300-400V / cm, pulse width ratio 0.5-0.8, electric field frequency 4-6kHz and settling time 5-20min; Parameters of high voltage high pulse electric field: voltage 800~1500V / cm, pulse width ratio 0.5-0.8, electric field frequency 4-6kHz and settling time 5-20min; Parameters of the DC electric field: voltage 800~1200V / cm and settling time 5-20min; Parameters of the first thermochemical field and gravitational field: 10~25min; The parameters of the second thermochemical field and the gravitational field: 10~25min.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) The accumulation of associated gas affects the dehydration problem: By setting up a degassing chamber with a first exhaust outlet at the top and a drop aeration mechanism below the crude oil inlet pipe output end, the heavy oil entering the electric dehydrator can be initially degassed, reducing the amount of associated gas entering the dehydration chamber and alleviating the problem that associated gas continuously accumulates in the mixing dehydration chamber, occupies the equipment separation volume, shortens the residence time of the oil-water mixture, and leads to a poor separation effect.

[0027] (2) Problem of associated gas disturbance flow field affecting dehydration index: By setting a second exhaust outlet at the top of the dehydration chamber and an exhaust pipe at the top of the inner chamber, with one end passing through the shell and the other end passing through the partition, the associated gas generated during the dehydration process can be discharged in time, reducing the accumulation of associated gas in the dehydration chamber and reducing its impact on the flow field of the dehydration section of the dehydrator during the dehydration process of the electric dehydrator, which helps to improve the dehydration index of heavy oil.

[0028] (3) Safety risks of manual venting: By setting up multiple venting outlets (first venting outlet, second venting outlet) and venting pipelines, a relatively complete venting system is formed, which can automatically vent associated gas, thus avoiding to some extent the explosion safety risk caused by the inability to determine the volume of associated gas inside the electric dehydrator due to manual venting.

[0029] Other features and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate embodiments of the present invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the embodiments of the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the oil inlet pipeline provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the water outlet manifold provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the oil outlet manifold provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the symmetrical inverted T-shaped tube provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the electric field arrangement of the electrode plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic flowchart of the multi-field coupled electro-dehydration method for heavy oil provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0032] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit this application.

[0033] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0034] Example 1 Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent includes: a shell 1, in which a degassing chamber 2 and a dehydration chamber 3 are provided. The two ends of the dehydration chamber 3 are separated from the degassing chamber 2 by partitions 4. A partition hole is provided on one end of the partition 4. A first exhaust outlet 5 is provided at the top of the degassing chamber 2, and a second exhaust outlet 6 is provided at the top of the dehydration chamber 3; a crude oil inlet pipe 7 is provided inside the degassing chamber 2. The input end of the crude oil inlet pipe 7 is located outside the degassing chamber 2. A cascading aeration mechanism 8 fixed to the bottom of the degassing chamber 2 is provided below the output end of the crude oil inlet pipe 7; and an exhaust pipe 9 is provided at the top inside the dehydration chamber 3. One end of the exhaust pipe 9 passes through the shell 1, and the other end of the exhaust pipe 9 passes through the partition 4 at one end. The oil inlet pipeline 10 includes a produced fluid pipeline 11 and an oil inlet distribution pipe 12. The produced fluid pipeline 11 is located inside the dehydration chamber 3. One end of the produced fluid pipeline 11 is connected to a spacer hole, and the other end of the produced fluid pipeline 11 is connected to the oil inlet distribution pipe 12. Multiple downward-facing outlet holes are provided below the oil inlet distribution pipe 12. The oil outlet manifold 13 is located at the top inside the dehydration chamber 3. One end of the oil outlet manifold 13 passes through the degassing chamber 2 and the shell 1. Multiple downward-facing oil collection holes are provided below the oil outlet manifold 13. The water outlet manifold 14 is located at the bottom inside the dehydration chamber 3 and below the oil inlet distribution pipe 11. One end of the water outlet manifold 14 passes through the degassing chamber 2 and the shell 1. Multiple water collection holes are provided above the water outlet manifold 14. Multiple electrode plates 15 are located between the produced fluid pipeline 11 and the oil outlet manifold 13.

[0035] Working Principle: Crude oil enters the degassing chamber 2 inside the shell 1 through the crude oil inlet pipe 7. Under the action of the droplet aeration mechanism 8 below the output end of the crude oil inlet pipe 7, the gas in the crude oil is released and discharged upward from the first exhaust outlet 5 at the top of the degassing chamber 2. The degassed crude oil enters the produced fluid pipe 11 through the partition holes on the partition plate 4, and then enters the oil inlet distribution pipe 12. The liquid outlet below the oil inlet distribution pipe 12 causes some water to fall under the action of gravity. Next, the crude oil passes between multiple electrode plates 15 located between the produced fluid pipe 11 and the oil outlet manifold 13. Under the action of the electric field, tiny water droplets coalesce into large water droplets. The coalesced large water droplets move downward under the action of gravity and are collected by the water outlet manifold 14 located at the bottom of the dehydration chamber 3 and below the oil inlet distribution pipe 11. The water collection hole above the water outlet manifold 14 collects the water, and then the water is discharged from the dehydration chamber 3 through the water outlet manifold 14. After electro-dehydration, the oil moves upward and is collected by the oil outlet manifold 13 located at the top of the dehydration chamber 3. The oil collection hole below the oil outlet manifold 13 gathers the oil, which is then discharged from the dehydration chamber 3 through the oil outlet manifold 13. At the same time, the second exhaust outlet 6 at the top of the dehydration chamber 3 discharges any small amount of gas that may be generated during the dehydration process. One end of the exhaust pipe 9 passes through the housing 1, and the other end passes through the partition 4, which is used to balance the pressure between the degassing chamber 2 and the dehydration chamber 3, ensuring the smooth operation of the entire device.

[0036] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 The internal structure of the heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent includes: an oil inlet pipe 10, an oil outlet manifold 13, and a water outlet manifold 14.

[0037] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 The specific structure of the oil inlet pipeline 10.

[0038] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 The specific structure of the water outlet manifold 14.

[0039] In one embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 The specific structure of the oil outlet manifold 13.

[0040] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) The accumulation of associated gas affects the dehydration problem: By setting up a degassing chamber 2 with a first exhaust outlet 5 at the top and a drop aeration mechanism 8 below the output end of the crude oil inlet pipe 7, the heavy oil entering the electric dehydrator can be initially degassed, reducing the amount of associated gas entering the dehydration chamber 3, and alleviating the problem that the associated gas continuously accumulates in the mixing dehydration chamber, occupies the equipment separation volume, shortens the residence time of the oil-water mixture, and causes the separation effect to deteriorate.

[0041] (2) Problem of associated gas disturbance flow field affecting dehydration index: By setting a second exhaust outlet 6 at the top of the dehydration chamber 3 and an exhaust pipe 9 at the top of the inner chamber, one end of which passes through the shell 1 and the other end of which passes through the partition 4, the associated gas generated during the dehydration process can be discharged in time, reducing the accumulation of associated gas in the dehydration chamber and reducing its impact on the flow field of the dehydration section of the dehydrator during the dehydration process of the electric dehydrator, which helps to improve the dehydration index of heavy oil.

[0042] (3) Safety risks of manual venting: By setting up multiple venting outlets (first venting outlet 5, second venting outlet 6) and venting pipe 9, a relatively complete venting system is formed, which can automatically vent associated gas, thus avoiding to some extent the explosion safety risk caused by the inability to determine the volume of associated gas inside the electric dehydrator due to manual venting.

[0043] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1As shown, the heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent also includes: an oil outlet branch pipe 19, a qualified oil storage tank 20, and a non-qualified oil storage tank 21; a degassing chamber pressure gauge T1 is installed on the first exhaust outlet 5, a dehydration chamber pressure gauge T2 is installed on the second exhaust outlet 7, and a dehydration chamber flow meter T3 is installed inside the degassing chamber 2; the degassing chamber 2 is also connected to the qualified oil storage tank 20, and an oil pressure regulating valve K1 is installed between the degassing chamber 2 and the qualified oil storage tank 20; one end of the oil outlet branch pipe 19 is connected to the oil outlet manifold 13, and the oil outlet... The other end of the oil branch pipe 19 passes through the shell 1 and connects to the qualified oil storage tank 20. One end of the oil outlet manifold 13 passes through the degassing chamber 2 and the shell 1 and connects to the unqualified oil storage tank 21. A flow regulating valve K2 is installed on the oil outlet branch pipe 19. A liquid level pressure switch valve K3 is installed between one end of the oil outlet manifold 13 and the unqualified oil storage tank 21. The degassing chamber pressure gauge T1, the dehydration chamber pressure gauge T2, the dehydration chamber flow meter T3, the oil pressure regulating valve K1, the flow regulating valve K2, and the liquid level pressure switch valve K3 are all connected to the control module. The degassing chamber pressure gauge T1 is used to monitor the pressure of the degassing chamber; the dehydration chamber pressure gauge T2 is used to monitor the pressure of the dehydration chamber; the dehydration chamber flow meter T3 is used to monitor the outlet water flow of the dehydration pipeline; the control module performs proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the pressure of the degassing chamber and the preset degassing chamber pressure to generate an oil pressure regulating valve opening adjustment command; the control module also performs proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the outlet water flow of the dehydration pipeline and the preset dehydration pipeline flow to generate a flow regulating valve opening adjustment command; the control module also performs proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the pressure of the degassing chamber and the preset degassing chamber pressure to generate a flow level pressure switch valve opening adjustment command; the oil pressure regulating valve K1 is used to control the opening of the oil pressure regulating valve K1 when receiving the oil pressure regulating valve opening adjustment command; the flow regulating valve K2 is used to control the opening of the flow regulating valve K2 when receiving the flow regulating valve opening adjustment command; the level pressure switch valve K3 is used to control the opening of the level pressure switch valve K3 when receiving the flow level pressure switch valve opening adjustment command.

[0044] The oil outlet branch pipe 19 serves to connect the oil outlet manifold 13 with the qualified oil storage tank 20, and is one of the channels through which oil flows to the qualified storage tank.

[0045] Qualified oil storage tank 20 is used to store oil products that have been processed to meet qualified standards.

[0046] The substandard oil storage tank 21 was used to store oil products that did not meet relevant requirements.

[0047] The degassing chamber pressure gauge T1 is installed on the first exhaust outlet 5. Its main function is to monitor the pressure inside the degassing chamber 2 in real time so that the operator can accurately grasp the pressure value of the degassing chamber and judge the operating status of the equipment based on the value. For example, excessively high or low pressure may indicate that there are some problems with the equipment.

[0048] The dehydration chamber pressure gauge T2 is located at the second exhaust outlet 7 and is used to measure the pressure inside the dehydration chamber. By monitoring the pressure in the dehydration chamber, the working status of the dehydration process can be understood, ensuring that the dehydration process proceeds normally.

[0049] The dehydration chamber flow meter T3 is arranged inside the degassing chamber 2. It can measure the flow rate of the fluid in the chamber. This is of great significance for understanding the flow rate of substances such as oil during the treatment process, evaluating the treatment efficiency, and determining whether it is within the normal flow range.

[0050] The degassing chamber 2 and the qualified oil storage tank 20 are interconnected, and the oil pressure regulating valve K1 is located between the two. Its function is to regulate the oil pressure flowing from the degassing chamber to the qualified oil storage tank according to actual needs, so as to ensure that the oil pressure entering the qualified storage tank is within a reasonable, stable and compliant range.

[0051] One end of the oil outlet branch pipe 19 is connected to the oil outlet manifold 13, and the other end is connected to the qualified oil storage tank 20. The flow regulating valve K2 on it can regulate the flow rate of oil through the oil outlet branch pipe, thereby controlling the flow rate into the qualified oil storage tank to meet different working conditions and production requirements.

[0052] One end of the oil outlet manifold 13 is connected to the unqualified oil storage tank 21. The liquid level and pressure switch valve K3 is set between them. When the liquid level or pressure in the oil outlet manifold reaches a specific set value, the valve will perform corresponding opening and closing actions to control the flow of unqualified oil into the corresponding storage tank, thereby realizing the control of the flow and storage of unqualified oil.

[0053] In this embodiment, by setting a degassing chamber pressure gauge (T1) at the first exhaust outlet (5), a dehydration chamber pressure gauge (T2) at the second exhaust outlet (7), and a dehydration chamber flow meter (T3) inside the degassing chamber (2), and by utilizing the oil outlet branch pipe (19), oil outlet manifold (13), qualified oil storage tank (20), unqualified oil storage tank (21), oil pressure regulating valve (K1), flow regulating valve (K2), liquid level pressure switch valve (K3) in conjunction with the control module, the system achieves many beneficial effects, such as accurate monitoring and control of heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator parameters, product quality differentiation and storage, flexible flow allocation, and production safety assurance.

[0054] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the input end of the crude oil inlet pipe 8 is connected to one end of the bottom of the symmetrical inverted T-shaped pipe 16. A flow divider 17 is provided at the longitudinal central axis of the symmetrical inverted T-shaped pipe 16, and a flow turbulence element 18 is provided above the flow divider 17.

[0055] In this embodiment, by setting a flow divider and a flow-dispersing element above the longitudinal centerline of the symmetrical inverted T-shaped pipe 18, the degree of liquid flow deviation is reduced, and the liquid volume in the main pipe is evenly distributed in the two branch pipes. This ensures that the liquid volume of the downstream equipment is uniform and operates stably. At the same time, it ensures that the oil and water in the main pipe are mixed evenly, preventing the excessive difference in the water content of the fluid in the branch pipes from causing abnormal load on the processing equipment, affecting production stability and economy. Moreover, the structure is simple and compact, integrating the functions of phase mixing and distribution, without the need to add valve groups for flow control, reducing investment and saving space, and has significant benefits.

[0056] In one embodiment, such as Figure 7 As shown, there are six electrode plates 15. The electric fields formed between each electrode plate 14 from bottom to top are, respectively, a low-voltage high-pulse electric field, a high-voltage high-pulse electric field, a first thermochemical field and a gravitational field, a DC electric field and a second thermochemical field and a gravitational field.

[0057] In this embodiment, the combination of multiple electric fields exhibits significant synergistic advantages during the oil-water separation process. A low-voltage, high-pulse electric field breaks down water-in-oil and large-particle water-in-oil emulsion droplets, achieving initial oil-water separation. A high-voltage, high-pulse electric field further separates the emulsified oil droplets. The first thermochemical field and gravity field, with the aid of the demulsifier's aggregation effect, promote the floating of oil droplets and the settling of water droplets after demulsification. The DC electric field provides a stable driving force for charged particles, enabling further demulsification of small-diameter residual water-in-oil particles. The second thermochemical field and gravity field, with the aid of the demulsifier's aggregation effect, promote the floating of oil droplets and the settling of water droplets after demulsification by the DC electric field. The combined effect of these multiple electric fields effectively improves the oil-water separation effect and efficiency.

[0058] In one embodiment, a buffer compartment is provided at the connection between the produced fluid pipeline 11 and the oil inlet distribution pipe 12, and the buffer compartment is filled with a porous media material.

[0059] In this embodiment, when the produced fluid enters the inlet distribution pipe 12 from the pipe 11, the fluid flow may experience pressure fluctuations due to factors such as changes in pipe size and flow rate. The presence of a buffer chamber can effectively mitigate these pressure changes. Just as a sudden narrowing or widening of a river channel in a water flow system can easily cause rapid flow and pressure changes, the buffer chamber acts as a smooth transition zone in the middle of the channel. The porous media material further enhances the buffering effect. After entering the buffer chamber, the produced fluid flows and diffuses within the pores of the porous media material. The porous media material can absorb and disperse the impact force of the liquid, dispersing the instantaneous kinetic energy throughout the media space, thereby allowing the pressure to be transmitted more smoothly to the inlet distribution pipe 12, reducing pressure shocks to the downstream pipeline system.

[0060] In one embodiment, the outlet holes are based on the longitudinal central axis of the oil inlet distribution pipe 12, and the diameter of the holes increases from the central axis to both sides.

[0061] In this embodiment, by designing the liquid outlet holes with the longitudinal central axis of the oil inlet distribution pipe 12 as a reference, the hole diameter is distributed in an increasing manner from the central axis to both sides, which promotes uniform liquid distribution. On the one hand, this unique hole diameter distribution makes the liquid flow rate positively correlated with the frictional resistance along the flow path. High frictional resistance and large opening ensure that the liquid flow rate at each point in the cross-section of the dehydration chamber is approximately equal.

[0062] In one embodiment, exhaust valves are provided at the first exhaust outlet 5 and the second exhaust outlet 6.

[0063] In one embodiment, the cascading aeration mechanism 8 is a crescent-shaped baffle.

[0064] The cascading aeration mechanism 8 is a device that increases the efficiency of dissolved gas release. It mainly utilizes the process of water falling from a high place to a low place to achieve aeration. That is, when water falls from a certain height, dissolved gas is released due to the splashing effect, thereby achieving degassing.

[0065] Working principle: When water enters the cascading aeration mechanism 8, under the action of gravity, the gas-containing droplets will form a cascading effect. During this process, the gas-containing crude oil disperses into many small droplets. These small droplets are sprayed upwards through the crescent-shaped baffle, increasing the contact area between the droplets and the gas phase and causing them to break up.

[0066] According to the principle of gas diffusion, the larger the contact area and the longer the contact time, the more gas diffuses. The cascading aeration mechanism 8 is designed as a crescent-shaped baffle, which extends the contact time between the droplets and the gas phase by extending the path of the gas-containing droplets or by using a multi-stage cascading method, thereby improving the aeration efficiency.

[0067] In one embodiment, the inner top of the dehydration chamber 3 is further provided with a radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, a differential pressure boundary gauge, a guided wave radar boundary gauge, and a calculation module; the radio frequency admittance boundary gauge is used to monitor the dielectric induction comprehensive characterization value; the differential pressure boundary gauge is used to monitor the pressure difference between the upper and lower parts of the oil-water mixture; the guided wave radar boundary gauge is used to monitor the running time of the pulse signal; the calculation module is used to obtain the boundary position under the radio frequency admittance boundary gauge based on the dielectric induction comprehensive characterization value, the preset height of the oil-water mixture, the dielectric constant of water, and the dielectric constant of oil; the calculation module is also used to obtain the pressure difference between the upper and lower parts of the oil-water mixture, the preset height of the oil-water mixture, the density of water, the density of oil, and the gravitational acceleration. The calculation module is used to determine the boundary position under the differential pressure boundary gauge; it is also used to obtain the boundary position under the guided wave radar boundary gauge based on the pulse signal running time, light speed, and preset target height; the calculation module is also used to calculate the safe failure rate probability of the radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, the safe failure rate probability of the differential pressure boundary gauge, and the safe failure rate probability of the guided wave radar boundary gauge based on a voting mechanism; the calculation module is also used to determine the minimum safe failure rate probability among the safe failure rate probabilities of the radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, the differential pressure boundary gauge, and the guided wave radar boundary gauge as the safe failure rate probability of the target boundary gauge, and to take the boundary position corresponding to the safe failure rate probability of the target boundary gauge as the target boundary position.

[0068] Specifically, based on the comprehensive characterization value of dielectric induction, the height of the preset oil-water mixture, the dielectric constant of water, and the dielectric constant of oil, the boundary position under the radio frequency admittance level gauge is obtained, including: Using formula (1), the dielectric induction comprehensive characterization value, the height of the preset oil-water mixture, the dielectric constant of water and the dielectric constant of oil are calculated to obtain the boundary position under the radio frequency admittance boundary level gauge; ;in, Indicates the boundary value under the radio frequency admittance level gauge. This represents the overall characteristic value of dielectric induction. This represents the dielectric constant of oil. Indicates the height of the preset oil-water mixture. This represents the dielectric constant of water.

[0069] Specifically, based on the pressure difference between the upper and lower parts of the oil-water mixture, the preset height of the oil-water mixture, the density of water, the density of oil, and the acceleration due to gravity, the interface position under the differential pressure interface gauge is obtained, including: Using formula (2), the pressure difference between the upper and lower parts of the oil-water mixture, the preset height of the oil-water mixture, the density of water, the density of oil, and the gravitational acceleration are calculated to obtain the boundary position under the differential pressure gauge. ;in, This indicates the interface position under a differential pressure interface gauge. This indicates the pressure difference between the upper and lower parts of the oil-water mixture. Represents gravitational acceleration. Indicates the density of oil, Indicates the height of the preset oil-water mixture. This indicates the density of water.

[0070] Specifically, based on the pulse signal's running time, light speed, and preset beacon height, the boundary position under the guided wave radar boundary marker is obtained, including: Using formula (3), the boundary position under the guided wave radar boundary gauge is calculated based on the running time of the pulse signal, the speed of light and the preset sky marker height. ;in, Indicates the boundary position under the guided wave radar boundary gauge. Indicates the preset blank height. Represents the speed of light. This indicates the duration of the pulse signal.

[0071] Specifically, based on the voting mechanism, the safe failure rate probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, the safe failure rate probability of differential pressure boundary gauges, and the safe failure rate probability of guided wave radar boundary gauges are calculated, including: In this embodiment, the voting mechanisms include a single voting mechanism, a dual-instrument consensus voting mechanism, a dual-instrument majority voting mechanism, and a three-instrument majority voting mechanism.

[0072] The following details how to use four voting mechanisms to calculate the safe failure rate probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges: The first type (single voting mechanism): Obtain the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, and restart time after shutdown for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges; Using formula (4), the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, and restart time after shutdown of the radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, differential pressure boundary gauge, and guided wave radar boundary gauge are calculated respectively, and the safety failure rate probability of the radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, differential pressure boundary gauge, and guided wave radar boundary gauge under a single voting mechanism is obtained. 4; among which, This represents the safety failure rate probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges under a single voting mechanism. This indicates the detectable safety failure probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the probability of undetected safety failure for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the restart time after shutdown for radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges.

[0073] The second type (dual instrument consensus voting mechanism): Obtain the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, and restart time after shutdown for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges; Using formula (5), the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor and restart time after shutdown of the radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, differential pressure boundary gauge and guided wave radar boundary gauge are calculated to obtain the safety failure rate probability of the radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, differential pressure boundary gauge and guided wave radar boundary gauge under the dual instrument consensus voting mechanism. 5; among which, This represents the safety failure rate probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges under a dual-instrument consensus voting mechanism. This indicates the detectable safety failure probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the probability of undetected safety failure for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This represents the undetected common-cause failure factor for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the restart time after shutdown for radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges.

[0074] The third type (dual-instrument majority voting mechanism): Acquire the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, restart time after shutdown, periodic functional test interval and online repair time for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges and guided wave radar boundary gauges; Using formula (6), the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, restart time after shutdown, periodic functional test interval time and online repair time of radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, differential pressure boundary gauge and guided wave radar boundary gauge are calculated to obtain the safety failure rate probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, differential pressure boundary gauge and guided wave radar boundary gauge under the dual instrument majority voting mechanism. ;in, This represents the safety failure rate probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges under a dual-instrument majority voting mechanism. This indicates the detectable safety failure probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the probability of undetected safety failure for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This represents the undetected common-cause failure factor for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the restart time after shutdown for the radio frequency admittance level gauge, differential pressure level gauge, and differential pressure level gauge. This indicates the online repair time for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the periodic functional test interval for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges.

[0075] The fourth type (majority voting mechanism with three instruments): Acquire the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, restart time after shutdown, periodic functional test interval and online repair time for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges and guided wave radar boundary gauges; Using formula (7), the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, restart time after shutdown, periodic functional test interval time and online repair time of RF admittance boundary gauge, differential pressure boundary gauge and guided wave radar boundary gauge are calculated to obtain the safety failure rate probability of RF admittance boundary gauge, differential pressure boundary gauge and guided wave radar boundary gauge under the three-instrument majority voting mechanism. ;in, This indicates the safety failure rate probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges under a three-instrument majority voting mechanism. This indicates the detectable safety failure probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the probability of undetected safety failure for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This represents the undetected common-cause failure factor for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the restart time after shutdown for the radio frequency admittance level gauge, differential pressure level gauge, and differential pressure level gauge. This indicates the online repair time for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the periodic functional test interval for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges.

[0076] In addition, the detectable security failure probability of the above four voting mechanisms can be calculated in the following way: ;in, This indicates the detectable safety failure probability of radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges. This indicates the component failure probability of radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges. This indicates the safety failure rate of radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges. This indicates the diagnostic coverage of radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges.

[0077] In addition, the probability of undetected security failures in the above four voting mechanisms is calculated in the following way: ;in, This indicates the probability of undetected safety failure for radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges. This indicates the component failure probability of radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges. This indicates the safety failure rate of radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges. This indicates the diagnostic coverage of radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges.

[0078] For ease of understanding, a specific example is given below: Boundary Measurement Voting Mechanism As discussed earlier, when measuring the interface of heavy oil, the failure probability of interface measuring instruments based on a single measurement principle is very high, such as the failure probability of instrument components λ = 4 × 10⁻⁶. -6 When using a 1oo2 voting mechanism, the probability of safe failure in PFS is 0.6 × 10⁻⁶. -4 At this point, the system availability of both the 1oo1 and 2oo2 voting mechanisms is lower than that of the 1oo2 voting mechanism. The average failure probability of the 2oo3 voting mechanism is comparable to that of the 1oo2 voting mechanism. The failure probability of instrument components needs to be obtained through long-term usage data analysis based on engineering application experience.

[0079] Functional description of the interface reliability measurement device When disturbing fluid flows from both sides towards the measurement position of the interface measuring instrument, without an interface reliability measuring device, the disturbance can easily disrupt the existing interface, leading to stratification confusion. In this case, the interface measuring instrument cannot distinguish the interface position. After installing the interface reliability measuring device, the disturbance from both sides is blocked by the pipeline, reducing the impact of the disturbance on the interface and thus preventing the interface from disappearing and causing inaccurate instrument measurements.

[0080] This device can also improve the measurement accuracy of radio frequency admittance, radar, microwave, and float-type interface gauges. Taking a radio frequency admittance interface gauge as an example, without an interface reliability measurement device, the measuring instrument measures the oil-water interface through the capacitance / conductance formed by the instrument itself and the tank wall. For curved tank walls, correction is required to obtain the capacitance value, which reduces measurement accuracy. Simultaneously, internal tank components can interfere with capacitance parameter measurements. With the addition of the interface reliability measurement device, its regular shape isolates the influence of irregular tank walls and internal tank components, resulting in a significant improvement in measurement accuracy. This device also benefits from microwave / electromagnetic wave reflection and float area fixation, thus improving instrument measurement performance.

[0081] Adaptive calibration mechanism Taking radio frequency admittance boundary measurement and guided wave radar boundary measurement as examples: The boundary for indirect method RF admittance boundary measurement is: H 水1 =(ε 测 -ε 油 )H / (ε 水- ε 油 ) The boundary position is measured by the direct-method guided-wave radar boundary gauge: H 水2 = c(t1-t2) / 2 The water level was measured to be H by manual inspection. 水3 When H 水1 =H 水2 =H 水3 At this time, it indicates that the system is operating stably and the oil-water interface measurement results are good.

[0082] When H 水1 =H 水2 ≠H 水3 If the result is incorrect, it indicates that the manual measurement is wrong, while the oil-water interface gauge measurement result is good. In this case, manual verification of the interface is required.

[0083] When H 水1 =H 水3 ≠H 水2 At this point, the guided wave radar boundary gauge malfunctions, causing disturbances at the boundary, and the cause of these disturbances needs to be investigated. In this situation, the indirect measurement results should have a high degree of reliability.

[0084] When H 水2 =H 水3 ≠H 水1 At this point, the RF admittance may be problematic, possibly due to ε. 油 or ε 水 A deviation occurs, causing H 水1 =H 水2 , correct ε 油or ε 水 .

[0085] Based on long-term production experience, H 水1 and H 水2 Different weighting coefficients, i.e., confidence levels, are assigned. A specific error threshold is set in the calculation formula to reduce parameter correction calculations and tests, thereby lowering the computational load on the boundary measurement system.

[0086] In this embodiment, multiple boundary level gauges are used for joint monitoring. The radio frequency admittance boundary level gauge determines the boundary position by monitoring the comprehensive characteristic value of dielectric induction; the differential pressure boundary level gauge utilizes the pressure difference between the upper and lower parts of the oil-water mixture; and the guided wave radar boundary level gauge relies on the running time of the pulse signal. These multiple monitoring methods, based on different principles, complement each other, enabling the acquisition of boundary position information from multiple angles. This reduces measurement errors that may arise from the limitations of a single boundary level gauge (such as changes in medium characteristics or environmental interference), thereby improving the accuracy of boundary position monitoring.

[0087] Example 2 Based on the same inventive concept, such as Figure 8 As shown, this embodiment of the invention also provides a multi-field coupled electro-dehydration method for heavy oil, implemented based on the above-mentioned electro-dehydrator for heavy oil without diluent, comprising: S100, inputs heavy oil into the oil inlet pipeline; S200, heavy oil undergoes preliminary dehydration under the combined action of a low-pressure high-frequency pulsed electric field, a first thermochemical field, and a gravitational field to obtain pre-dehydrated oil; S300, after initial dehydration, the oil undergoes secondary dehydration under the action of a high-voltage, high-frequency electric field to obtain oil after secondary dehydration; S400, the oil after secondary dehydration is dehydrated three times under the action of a high voltage DC electric field to obtain oil after three dehydrations; S500, the oil after three dehydrations undergoes final dehydration under the action of a second thermochemical field and a gravitational field to obtain the final dehydrated oil.

[0088] In one embodiment, the parameters of the low-voltage high-pulse electric field are: voltage 300-400V / cm, pulse width ratio 0.5-0.8, electric field frequency 4-6kHz, and settling time 5-20min; Parameters of high voltage high pulse electric field: voltage 800~1500V / cm, pulse width ratio 0.5-0.8, electric field frequency 4-6kHz and settling time 5-20min; Parameters of the DC electric field: voltage 800~1200V / cm and settling time 5-20min; Parameters of the first thermochemical field and gravitational field: 10~25min; Parameters of the second thermochemical field and gravitational field: 10~25min.

[0089] In this embodiment, the technical solution uses a low-voltage high-frequency pulsed electric field combined with a first thermochemical field and a gravitational field for initial dehydration, followed by secondary dehydration using a high-voltage high-frequency electric field and tertiary dehydration using a high-voltage DC electric field, and finally dehydration by a second thermochemical field and a gravitational field. This achieves multi-stage dehydration of heavy oil, which can efficiently remove water, improve oil quality, solve special oil problems, and has potential energy-saving advantages. It provides a comprehensive and effective solution for the dehydration treatment of heavy oil.

[0090] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0091] The above are merely embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent, characterized in that, include: The shell (1) has a degassing chamber (2) and a dehydration chamber (3) inside. The two ends of the dehydration chamber (3) are separated from the degassing chamber (2) by partitions (4) respectively. A partition hole is provided on one end of the partition (4). A first exhaust outlet (5) is provided on the top of the degassing chamber (2), and a second exhaust outlet (6) is provided on the top of the dehydration chamber (3). The crude oil inlet pipe (7) is located inside the degassing chamber (2). The input end of the crude oil inlet pipe (7) is located outside the degassing chamber (2). Below the output end of the crude oil inlet pipe (7) is a drop aeration mechanism (8) fixed to the bottom of the degassing chamber (2). The exhaust pipe (9) is located at the top of the dehydration chamber (3). One end of the exhaust pipe (9) passes through the shell (1), and the other end of the exhaust pipe (9) passes through the partition (4) at one end. The oil inlet pipeline (10) includes a produced fluid pipeline (11) and an oil inlet distribution pipe (12). The produced fluid pipeline (11) is located inside the dehydration chamber (3). One end of the produced fluid pipeline (11) is connected to the spacer hole, and the other end of the produced fluid pipeline (11) is connected to the oil inlet distribution pipe (12). Multiple downward-facing outlet holes are provided below the oil inlet distribution pipe (12). An oil outlet manifold (13) is located at the top of the dehydration chamber (3). One end of the oil outlet manifold (13) passes through the degassing chamber (2) and the shell (1). Multiple downward oil collection holes are provided below the oil outlet manifold (13). The water outlet manifold (14) is located at the bottom of the dehydration chamber (3) and below the oil inlet distribution pipe (11). One end of the water outlet manifold (14) passes through the degassing chamber (2) and the shell (1). Multiple water collection holes are provided above the water outlet manifold (14). Multiple electrode plates (15) are installed between the produced fluid pipeline (11) and the oil outlet manifold (13).

2. The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet end of the crude oil inlet pipe (8) is connected to one end of the bottom of the symmetrical inverted T-shaped pipe (16). A flow divider (17) is provided at the longitudinal central axis of the symmetrical inverted T-shaped pipe (16), and a flow turbulence element (18) is provided above the flow divider (17).

3. The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Oil outlet branch pipe (19), qualified oil storage tank (20) and unqualified oil storage tank (21); A degassing chamber pressure gauge (T1) is installed on the first exhaust outlet (5), a dehydration chamber pressure gauge (T2) is installed on the second exhaust outlet (7), and a dehydration chamber flow meter (T3) is installed inside the degassing chamber (2). The degassing chamber (2) is also connected to the qualified oil storage tank (20). An oil pressure regulating valve (K1) is also installed between the degassing chamber (2) and the qualified oil storage tank (20). One end of the oil outlet branch pipe (19) is connected to the oil outlet manifold (13). The other end of the oil outlet branch pipe (19) passes through the shell (1) and is connected to the qualified oil storage tank (20). One end of the oil outlet manifold (13) passes through the degassing chamber (2) and the shell (1) and is connected to the unqualified oil storage tank (21). A flow regulating valve (K2) is installed on the oil outlet branch pipe (19). A liquid level pressure switch valve (K3) is installed between one end of the oil outlet manifold (13) and the unqualified oil storage tank (21). The degassing chamber pressure gauge (T1), the dehydration chamber pressure gauge (T2), the dehydration chamber flow meter (T3), the oil pressure regulating valve (K1), the flow regulating valve (K2), and the liquid level pressure switch valve (K3) are all connected to the control module. The degassing chamber pressure gauge (T1) is used to monitor the pressure in the degassing chamber; The dehydration chamber pressure gauge (T2) is used to monitor the pressure in the dehydration chamber; The dewatering chamber flow meter (T3) is used to monitor the outlet water flow of the dewatering pipeline; The control module performs proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the pressure in the degassing chamber and the preset pressure in the degassing chamber to generate an oil pressure regulating valve opening adjustment command. The control module also performs proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the outlet water flow rate of the dewatering pipeline and the preset outlet water flow rate of the dewatering pipeline to generate a flow regulating valve opening adjustment command. The control module also performs proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the pressure in the degassing chamber and the preset pressure in the degassing chamber to generate a flow rate, level, and pressure switch valve opening adjustment command. The hydraulic pressure regulating valve (K1) is used to control the opening degree of the hydraulic pressure regulating valve (K1) when it receives the hydraulic pressure regulating valve opening degree adjustment command; The flow control valve (K2) is used to control the opening degree of the flow control valve (K2) when a flow control valve opening degree adjustment command is received; The level pressure switch valve (K3) is used to control the opening degree of the level pressure switch valve (K3) when a flow level pressure switch valve opening degree adjustment command is received.

4. The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent as described in claim 1, characterized in that, There are six electrode plates (15). The electric fields formed between each electrode plate (14) from bottom to top are: low-voltage high-pulse electric field, high-voltage high-pulse electric field, first thermochemical field and gravitational field, DC electric field and second thermochemical field and gravitational field.

5. The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A buffer compartment is provided at the connection between the produced fluid pipeline (11) and the oil inlet distribution pipe (12), and the buffer compartment is filled with porous media material.

6. The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The outlet holes are based on the longitudinal central axis of the oil inlet distribution pipe (12), and the diameter of the holes increases from the central axis to both sides.

7. The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent as described in claim 1, characterized in that, An exhaust valve is provided at the first exhaust outlet (5) and the second exhaust outlet (6).

8. The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cascading aeration mechanism (8) is a crescent-shaped baffle.

9. The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the dehydration chamber (3) is also equipped with a radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, a differential pressure boundary gauge, a guided wave radar boundary gauge and a calculation module; Radio frequency admittance level gauges are used to monitor the comprehensive characterization value of dielectric induction; Differential pressure gauges are used to monitor the pressure difference between the upper and lower parts of an oil-water mixture; Guided wave radar level gauges are used to monitor the running time of pulse signals; The calculation module is used to obtain the boundary position under the radio frequency admittance boundary level gauge based on the comprehensive characterization value of dielectric induction, the height of the preset oil-water mixture, the dielectric constant of water and the dielectric constant of oil; The calculation module is also used to obtain the boundary position under the differential pressure boundary gauge based on the pressure difference between the upper and lower parts of the oil-water mixture, the preset height of the oil-water mixture, the density of water, the density of oil, and the gravitational acceleration. The calculation module is also used to obtain the boundary position under the guided wave radar boundary gauge based on the running time of the pulse signal, the speed of light, and the preset sky beacon height; The calculation module is also used to calculate the safety failure rate probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges based on a voting mechanism. The calculation module is also used to determine the minimum safe failure rate probability among the safe failure rate probability of the frequency admittance boundary meter, the safe failure rate probability of the differential pressure boundary meter, and the safe failure rate probability of the guided wave radar boundary meter as the safe failure rate probability of the target boundary meter, and to take the boundary position corresponding to the safe failure rate probability of the target boundary meter as the target boundary position.

10. The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent according to claim 9, characterized in that, The calculation module is specifically used for: Using formula (1), the dielectric induction comprehensive characterization value, the height of the preset oil-water mixture, the dielectric constant of water and the dielectric constant of oil are calculated to obtain the boundary position under the radio frequency admittance boundary level gauge; ;in, Indicates the boundary value under the radio frequency admittance level gauge. This represents the overall characteristic value of dielectric induction. This represents the dielectric constant of oil. Indicates the height of the preset oil-water mixture. This represents the dielectric constant of water.

11. The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The calculation module is specifically used for: Using formula (2), the pressure difference between the upper and lower parts of the oil-water mixture, the preset height of the oil-water mixture, the density of water, the density of oil, and the gravitational acceleration are calculated to obtain the boundary position under the differential pressure gauge. ;in, This indicates the interface position under a differential pressure interface gauge. This indicates the pressure difference between the upper and lower parts of an oil-water mixture. Represents gravitational acceleration. Indicates the density of oil, Indicates the height of the preset oil-water mixture. This indicates the density of water.

12. The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The calculation module is specifically used for: Using formula (3), the boundary position under the guided wave radar boundary gauge is calculated based on the running time of the pulse signal, the speed of light and the preset sky marker height. ;in, Indicates the boundary position under the guided wave radar boundary gauge. Indicates the preset blank height. Represents the speed of light. This indicates the duration of the pulse signal.

13. The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The calculation module is specifically used for: Obtain the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, and restart time after shutdown for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges; Using formula (4), the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, and restart time after shutdown of the radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, differential pressure boundary gauge, and guided wave radar boundary gauge are calculated respectively, and the safety failure rate probability of the radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, differential pressure boundary gauge, and guided wave radar boundary gauge under a single voting mechanism is obtained. (4); among which, This represents the safety failure rate probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges under a single voting mechanism. This indicates the detectable safety failure probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the probability of undetected safety failure for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the restart time after shutdown for radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges.

14. The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The calculation module is specifically used for: Obtain the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, and restart time after shutdown for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges; Using formula (5), the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor and restart time after shutdown of the radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, differential pressure boundary gauge and guided wave radar boundary gauge are calculated to obtain the safety failure rate probability of the radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, differential pressure boundary gauge and guided wave radar boundary gauge under the dual instrument consensus voting mechanism. (5); among which, This represents the safety failure rate probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges under a dual-instrument consensus voting mechanism. This indicates the detectable safety failure probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the probability of undetected safety failure for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This represents the undetected common-cause failure factor for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the restart time after shutdown for radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges.

15. The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The calculation module is specifically used for: Acquire the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, restart time after shutdown, periodic functional test interval and online repair time for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges and guided wave radar boundary gauges; Using formula (6), the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, restart time after shutdown, periodic functional test interval time and online repair time of radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, differential pressure boundary gauge and guided wave radar boundary gauge are calculated to obtain the safety failure rate probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, differential pressure boundary gauge and guided wave radar boundary gauge under the dual instrument majority voting mechanism. ;in, This represents the safety failure rate probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges under a dual-instrument majority voting mechanism. This indicates the detectable safety failure probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the probability of undetected safety failure for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This represents the undetected common-cause failure factor for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the restart time after shutdown for the radio frequency admittance level gauge, differential pressure level gauge, and differential pressure level gauge. This indicates the online repair time for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the periodic functional test interval for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges.

16. The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent according to claim 9, characterized in that, The calculation module is specifically used for: Acquire the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, restart time after shutdown, periodic functional test interval and online repair time for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges and guided wave radar boundary gauges; Using formula (7), the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, restart time after shutdown, periodic functional test interval time and online repair time of RF admittance boundary gauge, differential pressure boundary gauge and guided wave radar boundary gauge are calculated to obtain the safety failure rate probability of RF admittance boundary gauge, differential pressure boundary gauge and guided wave radar boundary gauge under the three-instrument majority voting mechanism. ;in, This indicates the safety failure rate probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges under a three-instrument majority voting mechanism. This indicates the detectable safety failure probability of radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the probability of undetected safety failure for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This represents the undetected common-cause failure factor for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the restart time after shutdown for the radio frequency admittance level gauge, differential pressure level gauge, and differential pressure level gauge. This indicates the online repair time for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. This indicates the periodic functional test interval for radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges.

17. The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent according to any one of claims 13-16, characterized in that, The detectable safety failure probability of radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges is calculated using the following method: ;in, This indicates the detectable safety failure probability of radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges. This indicates the component failure probability of radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges. This indicates the safety failure rate of radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges. This indicates the diagnostic coverage of radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges.

18. The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent according to any one of claims 13-16, characterized in that, The probability of undetected safety failure for radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges is calculated using the following method: ;in, This indicates the probability of undetected safety failure for radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges. This indicates the component failure probability of radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges. This indicates the safety failure rate of radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges. This indicates the diagnostic coverage of radio frequency admittance level gauges, differential pressure level gauges, and differential pressure level gauges.

19. A method for multi-field coupled electro-dehydration of heavy oil, implemented based on the heavy oil electro-dehydrator without diluent as described in any one of claims 1-18, characterized in that, include: Heavy oil is introduced into the oil inlet pipeline; Heavy oil undergoes preliminary dehydration under the combined action of a low-pressure high-frequency pulsed electric field, a first thermochemical field, and a gravitational field to obtain pre-dehydrated oil. After initial dehydration, the oil undergoes secondary dehydration under the action of a high-voltage, high-frequency electric field to obtain oil after secondary dehydration. The oil after secondary dehydration is subjected to tertiary dehydration under the action of a high-voltage DC electric field to obtain oil after tertiary dehydration. The oil, after being dehydrated three times, undergoes final dehydration under the influence of a second thermochemical field and a gravitational field to obtain the final dehydrated oil.

20. The method for multi-field coupled electro-dehydration of heavy oil according to claim 19, characterized in that, Parameters of low-voltage high-pulse electric field: voltage 300-400V / cm, pulse width ratio 0.5-0.8, electric field frequency 4-6kHz and settling time 5-20min; Parameters of high voltage high pulse electric field: voltage 800~1500V / cm, pulse width ratio 0.5-0.8, electric field frequency 4-6kHz and settling time 5-20min; Parameters of the DC electric field: voltage 800~1200V / cm and settling time 5-20min; Parameters of the first thermochemical field and gravitational field: 10~25min; Parameters of the second thermochemical field and gravitational field: 10~25min.

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