A method for preparing emulsion explosive wax by ketone-benzol process

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of compound preparation technology and discloses a method for preparing emulsified explosive wax using a ketone-benzene process. The method includes heating the raw material oil, melting the raw material oil with methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and toluene, heating and stirring, refrigerating and filtering, crystallizing and cold washing, degreasing and filtering, and cold washing. This patent utilizes ketone-benzene dewaxing and deoiling technology, simplifying the process and directly producing emulsified explosive wax products that meet user requirements, greatly enriching the production methods of emulsified explosive wax and saving production costs to a certain extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of compound preparation technology, specifically relating to a method for preparing emulsion explosive wax using a ketone-benzene process. Background Technology

[0002] Emulsion explosives have been widely used due to their excellent detonation performance, stable storage performance, environmental friendliness, and low processing cost, and their application prospects are very broad. Emulsion explosive wax is a key component of emulsion explosives. As a continuous phase, due to oxygen balance limitations and explosive performance requirements, emulsion explosive wax coats an aqueous solution of oxidizer at a concentration of less than 5% to more than 95%, forming tightly packed polyhedral emulsion particles. Therefore, the viscosity, chain length, and molecular structure of emulsion explosive wax are very important.

[0003] Choosing the right emulsion explosive wax can significantly improve the performance of emulsion explosives, resulting in highly suitable application effects. Currently, the most commonly used emulsion explosive waxes are hydrocarbons of suitable viscosity, including all waxes, oils, and various polymers. Polymers are often used to thicken oil-phase materials and improve the appearance of the finished product. Any liquid petroleum product of suitable viscosity can also be used as an emulsion explosive wax. This includes various oils of varying viscosities, ranging from thin liquids at room temperature to non-flowing liquids, such as various grades of diesel, engine oil, and white oil.

[0004] Emulsified explosive waxes, primarily made by blending paraffin wax, ceresin wax, engine oil, and diesel fuel, are all products of crude oil refining. Combining these materials during the emulsification process is repetitive and increases costs. Therefore, directly extracting several raw materials during oil refining for emulsified explosive wax production would reduce refining steps and lower costs. Based on this consideration, methods using petroleum refining intermediates as main raw materials have emerged. These methods primarily utilize atmospheric and vacuum distillate oils, vacuum wax paste, residue wax paste, light deasphalted oil, and heavy deasphalted oil.

[0005] Patent CN117820568A discloses a method for preparing a resin for smoke-suppressing emulsion explosive composite wax. This method modifies the end groups of C5 petroleum resin molecules with phosphate ester groups, improving smoke suppression and environmental performance without affecting the overall performance of the emulsion explosive composite wax. It employs free radical copolymerization of divinylbenzene (DVB), allyl phosphate diester, and C5 petroleum resin to enhance the grafting efficiency of the allyl phosphate diester groups and allows for control of the softening point and molecular sequence structure within a certain range, resulting in an ideal modified resin. However, this patented preparation method does not utilize the ketone-benzene process, leading to low efficiency in dewaxing and deoiling, and excessively high production costs.

[0006] Patent CN101108917A discloses a plant-based wax for emulsion explosives and its preparation method. It uses stable, inexpensive, simple-to-prepare, and readily available plant waxes blended with petroleum middle distillates (vacuum distillate oil and vacuum wax residue) to produce a plant-based emulsion explosive wax. Its viscosity and oil content are suitable, it is solid at room temperature, effectively improves the state of emulsion explosives, and is convenient for transportation and storage. However, this patented preparation method does not use the ketone-benzene process to prepare the emulsion explosive wax, therefore its stability and cost savings are relatively average.

[0007] Traditionally, emulsified explosive wax products have been prepared through blending. This patent, however, takes a process-oriented approach, utilizing ketone-benzene dewaxing and deoiling technology to simplify the process and directly produce emulsified explosive wax products that meet user requirements. This greatly enriches the production methods of emulsified explosive wax and saves production costs to a certain extent. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for preparing emulsified explosive wax using a ketone-benzene process. The method determines suitable raw materials for preparing emulsified explosive wax using this process; investigates the impact of different operating conditions on product quality; and determines suitable operating conditions to meet product specifications, thereby ensuring the product meets specifications while minimizing costs and fulfilling user requirements.

[0009] The above-mentioned objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a method for preparing emulsion explosive wax using a ketone-benzene process, comprising the following steps:

[0010] 1. Use electric heating equipment to heat the raw oil;

[0011] 2. Add pure methyl ethyl ketone and pure toluene into a solvent preparation tank to prepare a solvent;

[0012] 3. Set the crystallization vessel to the set temperature and heat it. Once the crystallization vessel reaches the set temperature, add the heated raw material oil and stir.

[0013] 4. Cool the crystallization vessel until the set solvent addition temperature is reached;

[0014] 5. Once the crystallization vessel reaches the set solvent addition temperature, add the solvent prepared in step 2;

[0015] 6. Continue cooling and stirring until the filtration temperature is reached. The crystallization process is stopped. The mixture in the crystallization vessel is placed into a filter funnel and vacuum filtered until it is dried into a wax cake.

[0016] 7. Cold washing solution is passed through a filter funnel to cold wash the wax cake, and the cold-washed wax cake is placed in an enamel tank;

[0017] 8. Set the enamel tank degreasing and filtration temperature to degrease and filter the wax cake inside the enamel tank;

[0018] 9. After the wax cake is degreased and filtered, it is placed in a filter funnel and cold washing solution at the filtration temperature is passed through for cold washing. After the wax cake is completely dried, it is thoroughly dried by distillation. The product is emulsified explosive wax.

[0019] Furthermore, the feedstock oil is a vacuum distillate oil with a flash point of 180–240°C and an autoignition point of 250–350°C.

[0020] Furthermore, in step 1, the thermal temperature is 5-15°C higher than the pour point of the raw oil.

[0021] Furthermore, in step 2, pure butanone is added first, followed by pure toluene.

[0022] Furthermore, in step 2, the molar ratio of pure butanone to pure toluene is 2:(1-4).

[0023] Furthermore, in step 3, the heating temperature of the crystallization vessel is 5-15°C higher than the pour point of the raw oil.

[0024] Furthermore, in step 4, the solvent is added at a temperature 0–4°C higher than the pour point of the raw oil.

[0025] Furthermore, the filtration temperature in steps 6 and 9 is lower than the pour point of the raw oil.

[0026] Furthermore, the temperature of the cold washing solution in step 7 is the filtration temperature.

[0027] Furthermore, in step 8, the oil removal and filtration temperature of the enamel basin is 5-15°C higher than the pour point of the raw oil.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this invention compared with the prior art are as follows: This patent takes a process-oriented approach and uses ketone-benzene dewaxing and deoiling technology to simplify the process and directly produce emulsified explosive wax products that meet user requirements, greatly enriching the production methods of emulsified explosive wax and saving production costs to a certain extent. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus used in the preparation of emulsified explosive wax in the example.

[0031] In the diagram, P1 is the refrigeration unit; P2-6 is the circulating pump; P7 is the solvent preparation pump; P8 is the vacuum pump; V1 is the freezing tank; V2-3 is the temperature control tank; V4-5 is the filtrate receiving tank; V6-8 is the solvent tank; V9 is the vacuum buffer tank; V10-11 is the small solvent tube; V12 is the solvent preparation tank; A is the crystallizing vessel; B is the filter funnel; Y1-4 is the level gauge; EX is the heat exchanger; M is the speed reducer; TIC01-05 is the temperature sensor; TI01-04 is the humidity sensor; WT1-2 is the electronic scale; PT01 is the vacuum sensor; P01 is the vacuum gauge; EV1-10 is the control valve; BV1-28 is the ball valve; PCV1-2 is the regulating valve. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention is described in detail below through specific embodiments, but this does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the present invention are all conventional methods, and the experimental equipment, materials, reagents, etc. used can all be obtained commercially.

[0033] Process control flow

[0034] First, heat the crystallization vessel to the set temperature. Add the pre-heated and melted raw oil to the crystallization vessel, and automatically record the weight. According to the preset temperature, cooling rate, and number of additions, add the mixed solvent to the crystallization vessel separately, cooling until the set filtration temperature is reached. Place the mixture into a filter funnel pre-cooled to the filtration temperature, use a vacuum pump to extract the solvent-containing dewaxed oil, and manually scrape off the solvent-containing wax paste. Separate the dewaxed oil and wax paste using other distillation equipment. The solvent dewaxing operation is computer-controlled, with all parameters displayed, recorded, and printed. See Appendix Table-1 for the process control flow chart.

[0035] Main equipment structure and specifications

[0036] Standardized equipment

[0037] Table 1. Standardized Equipment for Medium-Scale Experimental Apparatus for Ketobenzene

[0038]

[0039]

[0040] Non-standard equipment

[0041] Table 2. List of Non-standard Equipment for Medium-Scale Experimental Apparatus for Ketobenzene

[0042]

[0043] Example 1: Start-up Operation Method

[0044] 1.1 Experimental Preparation

[0045] a) Turn on the main power distribution panel of the laboratory and turn on the laboratory fan.

[0046] b) Power on the control cabinet and turn on the computer power. Click the experiment icon to enter the experiment screen.

[0047] c) Open the compressed air valve or click the air compressor to provide air for the test.

[0048] d) Click Settings to set the solvent ratio, addition temperature, solvent-to-oil ratio, cooling rate, cold wash ratio, filter funnel temperature, and select oil dewaxing or wax deoiling for this test.

[0049] e) Click the "Confirm" button to save the changes, or the "Cancel" button to discard the changes. Enter the raw material name, operator, and test number. The default test number is automatically generated based on the computer's current date and time.

[0050] f) Turn on the power switches on the three electronic scales.

[0051] g) Power the electric heating equipment to heat the raw materials. Note that the temperature of the raw materials after heating should be controlled at about 10°C above their freezing point.

[0052] 1.2 Solvent Proportioning

[0053] a) Pure methyl ethyl ketone and pure toluene are vacuum-drawn into their respective solvent containers for later use.

[0054] b) Click the "Dissolve and Prepare" button, select EV7 (pure methyl ethyl ketone), enter the calculated amount of methyl ethyl ketone, and click "Prepare" to pump the methyl ethyl ketone to V. 12 The contents are measured using a WT1 electronic scale and the mixing process automatically stops when the set amount is reached.

[0055] c) Using the same method as above, select EV8 (pure toluene) and EV9 (mixture) to introduce the desired solvent into V. 12 In the container (Note: methyl ethyl ketone first, then toluene; lighter ingredients first, then heavier ones).

[0056] d) After preparation, drain the solvent from the P7 pump.

[0057] 1.3 Heating, cooling, temperature control, and weighing of raw oil

[0058] a) Set the crystallizer heating temperature (generally about 10°C higher than the pour point of the raw oil). Click "Heat," and the heater in temperature control tank V2 will start heating, and pump P4 will turn on to provide a heat source for the crystallizer. Once the crystallizer temperature reaches the set temperature, weigh the prepared hot raw oil in the container on the WT3 electronic scale, and click "Initial Value" on the scale. Add the raw oil to the crystallizer, turn on the stirrer, and weigh the container again on the WT3 electronic scale, clicking "Net Weight" on the scale. The quantity of raw oil will be automatically recorded.

[0059] b) Click "Start Cooling". Pumps P2 and P1 will start in sequence to provide a cooling source for the crystallizer.

[0060] c) While the cooling process begins, click "Start Temperature Adjustment." The P5 pump, PVC2 regulating valve, and P6 pump will start adjusting the filter funnel temperature until the set filtration temperature is reached.

[0061] 1.4 Crystallization Test

[0062] Click the "Start Crystallization" icon, and the experiment will proceed automatically according to the program until crystallization stops. During the crystallization process, you can access the "Curve" dialog box at any time to view the set and theoretical cooling curves. During crystallization, when the set solvent addition temperature is reached, the system will automatically add the set amount of solvent to the crystallizer until the set filtration temperature is reached.

[0063] 1.5 Dewaxing, Filtration and Cold Washing

[0064] a) Filtration: The crystallization process stops when the temperature of the crystallizer reaches the cooling endpoint. At this time, the temperature of the filter funnel should also reach the set temperature. Click EV. 10 Confirm that the mixture in the crystallizing vessel has been automatically transferred into the filter funnel. Turn on vacuum pump P8 and manually adjust the vacuum level to the desired value. Click the "Start Filtration" icon. When the wax cake has just been completely removed, click the "Stop Filtration" icon. The temperature, time, and vacuum level during filtration will be automatically recorded.

[0065] b) Cold wash: Click EV4 to confirm opening and put the cold wash solution into the filter funnel. Click the start cold wash icon. When the wax cake is completely dried, click the stop cold wash icon. The temperature, time and vacuum degree during the cold wash will be recorded automatically.

[0066] c) Discharge the filtrate from the filtrate tank into a narrow-mouthed bottle, and then transfer it to the distillation apparatus to recover the solvent. Scoop the wax cake from the filter funnel into an enamel tank in preparation for degreasing filtration.

[0067] 1.6 Degreasing, Filtration, and Cold Washing

[0068] a) Select the degreasing mode, set the crystallization kettle heating temperature to the degreasing filtration temperature, and set the slurry dilution solvent addition temperature and solvent-to-oil ratio. Click heating; the heater in temperature control tank V2 starts heating, and pump P4 turns on to provide a heat source for the crystallization kettle. Pour the wax paste into the crystallization kettle, and clean the enamel tank with a metered amount of solvent. Pour the cleaned material into the crystallization kettle as well, and include this amount of solvent in the degreasing slurry solvent ratio.

[0069] b) Filtration: When the filter funnel temperature reaches the set oil removal and filtration temperature, click EV. 10Confirm that the mixture in the crystallizing vessel has been automatically transferred into the filter funnel. Turn on vacuum pump P8 and manually adjust the vacuum level to the desired value. Click the "Start Filtration" icon. When the wax cake has just been completely removed, click the "Stop Filtration" icon. The temperature, time, and vacuum level during filtration will be automatically recorded.

[0070] c) Cold wash: Click EV4 to confirm opening and put the cold wash solution into the filter funnel. Click the Start Cold Wash icon. When the wax cake is completely dried, click the Stop Cold Wash icon. The temperature, time and vacuum degree during the cold wash will be recorded automatically.

[0071] d) Discharge the wax cake from the wax cake tank into a narrow-mouthed bottle and transfer it to a distillation apparatus to recover the solvent. Scoop the wax cake from the filter funnel into an enamel tank to recover the solvent. If a second-stage deoiling filtration is required, repeat the deoiling filtration and cold washing steps.

[0072] Example 2: Normal Operating Method

[0073] 2.1 Experimental Preparation

[0074] a) Check the quantity and quality of the vacuum pump lubricating oil to determine whether to replace the lubricating oil;

[0075] b) Open the instrument air inlet valve and check if there is air entering the device; if there is no air, check the cause. If there is no air for a short time, the air cable can be connected to the air compressor and the air compressor can provide the air source for the experiment (before starting the air compressor, check the amount and quality of the lubricating oil and open the drain valve to drain the water).

[0076] c) After the condensate in both pressure reducing valves has been drained, pull down the drain valve of the pressure reducing valve and check whether the pressure of the pressure reducing valve is within the specified range. If it is not within the specified range, it can be adjusted using the adjustment knob on top; (the backflush pressure reducing valve is set at 0.1MPa, and the electrical converter pressure reducing valve is set at 0.2MPa)

[0077] d) Turn on the main power supply of the control cabinet and turn on the power switches on the three electronic scales;

[0078] e) Turn on the computer and click the "Solvent Dewaxing" program icon to enter the dewaxing program interface;

[0079] f) Click the "Program" button to bring up the program settings interface. Set the solvent ratio, number of additions, addition temperature, solvent-to-oil ratio, cooling rate, cold wash ratio, filter funnel temperature, deoiling temperature, and EV1 delay time for this experiment; click the "Confirm" button to save the experimental program.

[0080] g) Click the "Report" button to bring up the experiment report interface. The computer's default experiment number is automatically generated based on the computer's current date and time. Check if the plan is correct. a) Turn on the main power distribution panel of the laboratory and turn on the laboratory's fan.

[0081] 2.2 Solvent Proportioning

[0082] a) Check that the valves of each solvent tank, vacuum buffer tank, and filtrate tank are in the closed position. Manually open the feed valve and vacuum valve of the methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) tank and toluene tank respectively. Insert the glass bottles containing solvent into their respective feed hoses. Click on the vacuum pump screen on the computer to turn on the vacuum pump and pump the solvent into the respective tanks. After the solvent is added, stop the vacuum pump and wait for the system pressure to return to normal pressure before closing the vacuum valve.

[0083] b) Click the "Solvent Preparation" button to bring up the solvent preparation interface. Select EV7, input the calculated amount of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), and click the "Start Preparation" button. The P7 pump will automatically pump MEK to the set volume. 12 In the solvent preparation tank;

[0084] c) Using the same method as above, select EV8 (toluene) and EV9 (mixture) to add the required solvent to V. 12 In the jar.

[0085] *Note: Apply methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) before toluene.

[0086] 2.3 Start the test

[0087] a) Click "Start Cooling". Pumps P2 and P1 will start in sequence to provide a cold source for the test.

[0088] b) Click "Start Temperature Adjustment". The PVC2 regulating valve will open, and the P5 and P6 pumps will start. Adjust the temperature of the filter funnel to reach the set temperature.

[0089] c) Click "Heat" and set the crystallization heating temperature (generally about 5°C higher than the pour point of the raw oil). Clicking "Heat" will start the heater in temperature control tank V2 and turn on pump P4 to provide a heat source for the crystallizer.

[0090] d) Weighing of crude oil

[0091] 1) Click on the electronic scale WT3, place the prepared hot raw oil in the container on the WT3 electronic scale to weigh, and click "Initial value of electronic scale E".

[0092] 2) Add the oil to the crystallization vessel, click the stirrer icon to turn on the stirrer, then place the empty container on the WT3 electronic scale to weigh it, click "Electronic Scale E Final Value", then click "Confirm". The weight of the raw oil will be automatically recorded in the report, which can be confirmed by clicking "Report".

[0093] e) Crystallization steps

[0094] Click the "Start Crystallization" icon and the experiment will proceed automatically until the crystallization temperature is reached. During the crystallization process, you can enter the "Curve" dialog box at any time to view the set cooling curve and the actual cooling curve.

[0095] f) Filtration: Once the crystallization temperature is reached, click the "Stop Crystallization" button to stop crystallization, and simultaneously click the stirrer icon to stop stirring. Turn on EV. 10 Place the mixture in the crystallization vessel into the filter funnel, turn on the vacuum pump P8, manually adjust the vacuum level to the required level, click the "Start Filtration" icon, and when the wax cake is just completely removed, click the "Stop Filtration" icon. The system will automatically record the filtration temperature, time, vacuum level, and filtrate volume.

[0096] g) Cold Wash: Click EV4 to confirm opening and put the cold wash solution into the filter funnel. Click the "Start Cold Wash" icon. After the wax cake is removed, close the valve at the bottom of the funnel and open the air valve to blow the remaining solvent in the tube into the filtrate tank. After blowing it clean, close the air valve and open the valve at the bottom of the funnel. Click the "Stop Cold Wash" icon. The system will automatically record the temperature, time, vacuum level, and filtrate volume during the cold wash.

[0097] h) Discharge the filtrate from the filtrate tank to recover the solvent; open the air valve to backflush the wax cake for 1-2 seconds, scrape out the wax cake from the filter funnel and put it into a container for deoiling.

[0098] i) One-stage oil removal

[0099] 1) Click the "De-oiling Solvent" icon, enter the required amount of de-oiling solvent, click to open and add the set amount of solvent to the cold washing solvent tank, then open the EV4 valve and add the solvent to the container containing the wax cake. Stir it evenly by hand and add it to the crystallization kettle.

[0100] 2) Click the "Start First Stage Oil Removal" icon and turn on the mixer. The system will automatically remove oil at the set first stage oil removal temperature. When the temperature reaches the set value, click the "Stop First Stage Oil Removal" icon and stop mixing.

[0101] 3) After repeating the filtration and cold washing operations by pressing f and g, scrape out the wax cake and prepare for the second stage of degreasing.

[0102] J) Two-stage oil removal

[0103] The process is the same as the oil removal operation.

[0104] 2.4 Save the report

[0105] Click “Report”, fill in the experiment number and raw material name, then click “Save”. If you need to print, click “Print”.

[0106] 2.5 Warm washing of crystallization kettle and funnel

[0107] a) Click "Settings" and change the running status to adjustment status;

[0108] b) Add appropriate amounts of solvent to the crystallization kettle and the cold washing solvent tank respectively;

[0109] c) Click "Heat", set the heating temperature, and start heating;

[0110] d) Once the crystallizer reaches the set temperature, open the EV. 10 Place the warm wash directly into the glass bottle;

[0111] e) Once the washing solvent reaches the desired temperature, turn on EV4, place the washing solvent into the filter funnel, turn on the vacuum pump, turn on EV6, pump the washing material into V5, stop the vacuum pump, and release the washing material from V5.

[0112] End of 2.6

[0113] a) Click "Reset" and then "Confirm";

[0114] b) Click "Finish," then click "Confirm," and shut down the computer;

[0115] c) Power off the control cabinet;

[0116] d) Turn off the power to the exhaust fan;

[0117] e) Close the valve of the instrument air inlet device.

[0118] Example 3: Shutdown Operation Method

[0119] To stop the experiment, follow these steps:

[0120] a) Print and save reports; history records can be retrieved; all motors and valves can be shut down.

[0121] b) Click Reset;

[0122] c) Click "End" to exit the program;

[0123] d) Power off the control cabinet;

[0124] e) Turn off the main power supply;

[0125] f) V 12 All unused solvent was transferred to a mixing solvent container.

[0126] Subsequent processing methods for the above embodiments

[0127] Accident assessment and handling

[0128] power failure

[0129] Switch the main power switch back on. After power is restored, unload the materials and repeat the experiment.

[0130] Stop the wind

[0131] With all control valves closed, the backup air compressor can be started to continue the experiment.

[0132] Normal operation

[0133] During the experiment, any abnormality that occurs in the instruments and equipment will be displayed on the computer screen. After identifying the abnormality, the personnel on duty can handle it themselves if they are capable of doing so. If the personnel on duty are unable to handle it, they can report the situation to the equipment operator in a timely manner, who will then contact the equipment operator for a solution.

[0134] Environmental safety and hygiene of the equipment

[0135] Environmental friendly

[0136] The sources of pollution that this device may cause to the environment include methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), toluene, and pump noise.

[0137] This device seals both open containers to reduce the volatilization of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and toluene. The use of ventilation equipment ensures that the concentrations of MEK and toluene in the air meet the requirements.

[0138] The pumps used in this device are relatively small, and the noise level does not reach 85 decibels, so they do not cause noise pollution.

[0139] Safety and Hygiene

[0140] The raw material used in this device is vacuum distillate oil, and the solvents are methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and toluene. The characteristics and fire hazard classifications of vacuum distillate oil, MEK, and toluene are shown in Table 3.

[0141] Table 3 Characteristics and Fire Hazard Classification of Vacuum Distillate Oil, Butylene Ketone, and Toluene

[0142] Vacuum distillate oil Butanone Toluene Flash point (°C) 180--240 -9 4.4 Autoignition point (°C) 250--350 404 536 Fire Hazard Classification flammable Flammable Flammable

[0143] As can be seen from Table 3, the raw materials and solvents of this device are flammable. To ensure safety, this device is equipped with a combustible gas alarm and four 8kg dry powder fire extinguishers and two 3kg water fire extinguishers.

[0144] To prevent hazards caused by static electricity and leakage, the device is grounded.

[0145] Butanone and toluene are colorless liquids with a strong, pungent odor. Their main toxicity lies in the fact that long-term exposure can cause memory loss and affect the nervous system. This device is equipped with a gas mask.

[0146] High concentrations of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and toluene gases can cause symptoms such as a bitter taste turning sweet, chest tightness, dizziness, difficulty breathing, and even suffocation. If MEK or toluene poisoning is suspected, immediately move the person to a well-ventilated area. For those experiencing suffocation, immediately perform artificial respiration and transport them to a hospital for emergency treatment.

[0147] Other safety regulations

[0148] a) All operators must pass a safety assessment before starting work;

[0149] b) The laboratory must be well-ventilated, and the ventilation must remain on throughout the test.

[0150] c) The ventilation fan must be an explosion-proof motor;

[0151] d) Fire extinguishers must be provided in the laboratory;

[0152] e) Operators must be proficient in using fire extinguishers;

[0153] f) Operators must wear work clothes and shoes, and are strictly prohibited from entering the laboratory wearing shoes with iron nails or slippers;

[0154] g) During the test, operators shall patrol their posts regularly and shall not leave their posts without authorization;

[0155] h) Iron tools and hammering are strictly prohibited in the laboratory. Any hot work must be approved by the safety department and a designated person must be in charge.

[0156] i) Large quantities of solvents should not be stored in the laboratory;

[0157] j) The laboratory is equipped with a combustible gas alarm;

[0158] k) The recovered solvent must be disposed of promptly;

[0159] l) Non-explosion-proof communication equipment, such as mobile phones and ordinary walkie-talkies, are not allowed to be used in the laboratory.

[0160] m) During the experiment, strictly follow the operating procedures.

[0161] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not all feasible embodiments of the present invention. Any obvious modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention should be considered to be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing emulsion explosive wax using a ketone-benzene process, characterized in that the steps include... include: S1. Use electric heating equipment to heat the raw oil; S2. Add pure butanone and pure toluene into a solvent preparation tank to prepare a solvent; S3. Set the crystallization vessel heating temperature and heat it. After the crystallization vessel reaches the set temperature, add the heated raw material oil and stir. S4. Cool the crystallizer until the set solvent addition temperature is reached; S5. Once the crystallization vessel reaches the set solvent addition temperature, add the solvent prepared in step S2; S6. Continue cooling and stirring until the filtration temperature is reached. The crystallization process is stopped. The mixture in the crystallization vessel is placed into a filter funnel and vacuum filtered until it is dried into a wax cake. S7. Cold washing solution is passed through a filter funnel to cold wash the wax cake, and the cold-washed wax cake is placed in an enamel tank. S8. Set the enamel tank degreasing and filtration temperature to degrease and filter the wax cake in the enamel tank; S9. After the wax cake is degreased and filtered, it is placed in a filter funnel and cold washing solution at the filtration temperature is passed through for cold washing. After the wax cake is completely dried, it is thoroughly dried by distillation. The product is emulsified explosive wax.

2. The method for preparing emulsion explosive wax using the ketone-benzene process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feedstock oil is a vacuum distillate oil with a flash point of 180–240°C and an autoignition point of 250–350°C.

3. The method for preparing emulsified explosive wax using the ketone-benzene process according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, the thermal temperature is 5-15°C higher than the pour point of the raw oil.

4. The method for preparing emulsion explosive wax using the ketone-benzene process according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, pure butanone is added first, followed by pure toluene.

5. The method for preparing emulsion explosive wax using the ketone-benzene process according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the molar ratio of pure methyl ethyl ketone to pure toluene is 2:(1-4).

6. The method for preparing emulsion explosive wax using the ketone-benzene process according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, the temperature of the crystallization vessel is 5-15°C higher than the pour point of the raw oil.

7. The method for preparing emulsion explosive wax using the ketone-benzene process according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, the solvent is added at a temperature 0–4°C higher than the pour point of the raw oil.

8. The method for preparing emulsion explosive wax using the ketone-benzene process according to claim 1, characterized in that, In steps 6 and 9, the filtration temperature is lower than the pour point of the raw oil.

9. The method for preparing emulsion explosive wax using the ketone-benzene process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature of the cold washing solution in step 7 is the filtration temperature.

10. The method for preparing emulsified explosive wax using the ketone-benzene process according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 8, the oil removal and filtration temperature of the enamel basin is 5-15°C higher than the pour point of the raw oil.

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