A seismic data imaging method, apparatus, device, medium and program

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of seismic data imaging technology, and proposes a seismic data imaging method, apparatus, device, medium, and program, comprising: acquiring seismic data; performing deconvolution processing on the seismic data using a preset algorithm to obtain receiver function data; calculating the source travel time, station travel time, and scattering point travel time based on preset sources, preset scattering points, and preset stations; storing and statistically analyzing the source travel time and the scattering point travel time to obtain source travel time fields and scattering point travel time fields; performing central difference calculation on the source travel time fields and scattering point travel time fields to obtain propagation data; performing imaging calculations on the receiver function data, source travel time, station travel time, scattering point travel time, and propagation data to obtain data migration imaging; performing weighted average imaging on the data migration imaging to obtain an imaging profile; and realizing migration imaging using methods for processing natural earthquake data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of seismic data imaging technology, and in particular to a seismic data imaging method, apparatus, device, medium, and program. Background Technology

[0002] Earthquakes are disasters caused by the movement of tectonic plates or fault displacement within the Earth. They propagate outwards in the form of seismic waves, causing surface vibrations and even resulting in building collapses, ground fissures, and landslides. Earthquakes are unpredictable, vary in intensity, and have a serious impact on human society and the natural environment. Earthquakes are a powerful and destructive natural force, and a deep understanding and study of them is crucial for human survival and development.

[0003] Seismic imaging can reveal important geological features such as the distribution of underground rock strata, the location and morphology of faults, and the thickness and properties of strata. It provides geologists and explorers with tools to gain a deeper understanding of underground conditions, which helps in the exploration and development of resources such as oil and gas, as well as the assessment and prevention of geological hazards. Seismic imaging plays a key role in geological research and resource exploration.

[0004] In existing technologies, migration imaging under complex surface conditions has developed relatively mature methods, techniques, and workflows. However, in natural earthquake data processing schemes, especially short-period dense array observation methods, conventional strategies using traditional broadband stations are commonly used, and a mature and reliable migration imaging method and workflow have not yet been developed to match them. Secondly, it is not possible to achieve more accurate migration imaging of subsurface structures based on the high-frequency, high-spatial-sampling characteristics of dense array data and considering the wave propagation characteristics in complex media. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a seismic data imaging method, apparatus, device, medium, and program.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a seismic data imaging method, comprising:

[0007] Seismic data is acquired, and the seismic data is deconvolved using a preset algorithm to obtain receiver function data;

[0008] Calculate the source travel time, station travel time, and scattering point travel time based on the preset source, preset scattering point, and preset station.

[0009] The travel times of the seismic source and the scattering point are stored and statistically analyzed to obtain the seismic source travel time field and the scattering point travel time field;

[0010] The propagation data are obtained by performing central difference calculations on the travel time field of the earthquake source and the travel time field of the scattering point.

[0011] Imaging calculations are performed on the received function data, source travel time, station travel time, scattering point travel time, and propagation data to obtain data migration imaging;

[0012] The data offset imaging is subjected to weighted average imaging to obtain an imaging profile.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of performing deconvolution processing on the seismic data using a preset algorithm to obtain receiver function data includes:

[0014] Calculate the radial reception function in the frequency domain based on seismic data;

[0015] The radial reception function of the preset station is calculated based on the radial reception function in the frequency domain;

[0016] The radial reception functions of the preset stations are arranged according to the distance between the seismic source and the preset stations to obtain reception function data.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the calculation of the source travel time, station travel time, and scattering point travel time based on a preset source, a preset scattering point, and a preset station includes:

[0018] The travel time from the preset seismic source to the preset scattering point is calculated to obtain the seismic source travel time.

[0019] The travel time from the preset seismic source to the preset station is calculated to obtain the station travel time;

[0020] The travel time from the preset station to the preset scattering point is calculated to obtain the travel time of the scattering point.

[0021] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of performing central difference calculation on the source travel time field and the scattering point travel time field using a preset calculation formula to obtain source propagation data and scattering propagation data includes:

[0022] The P-wave spatial derivative is obtained by performing central difference calculation on the travel time field of the earthquake source;

[0023] The S-wave spatial derivative is obtained by performing a central difference calculation on the travel time field at the scattering point.

[0024] The propagation direction and polarization direction of the P-wave are obtained using the spatial derivative of the P-wave.

[0025] The S-wave propagation direction and polarization direction are obtained using the S-wave spatial derivative.

[0026] The propagation direction of the P-wave, the polarization direction of the P-wave, the propagation direction of the S-wave, and the polarization direction of the S-wave are fused to obtain propagation data.

[0027] According to an embodiment of the present invention, imaging calculations are performed on the receiver function data, source travel time, station travel time, scattering point travel time, and propagation data to obtain data migration imaging, including:

[0028] Calculate the angle θ between the propagation direction of the P-wave and the propagation direction of the S-wave based on the propagation data;

[0029] Calculate the angle θ between the S-wave propagation direction and the preset ground normal based on the propagation data. xr ;

[0030] Calculate the angle between the preset imaging point and the preset seismic source based on the preset station, preset seismic source, and preset imaging point.

[0031] Based on the received function data, the source travel time, the station travel time, the scattering point travel time, the included angle θ, and the included angle θ xr and included angle Calculate the offset imaging.

[0032] According to an embodiment of the present invention, weighted average imaging is performed on the data offset imaging to obtain an imaging profile, including:

[0033] Calculate the isochronous surface based on the source travel time, the station travel time, and the scattering point travel time;

[0034] The angle θ between the isochronous surface and the preset station normal is calculated based on the isochronous surface. t ;

[0035] The included angle θ is determined using preset rules. t The superimposed tilt angles are obtained by filtering.

[0036] The superimposed tilt angle is projected onto the data to obtain an imaging profile;

[0037] The image profile is used to perform weighted superposition of the data offset images to obtain a superimposed image;

[0038] An average imaging calculation is performed on the superimposed image to obtain an imaging profile.

[0039] In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a seismic data imaging apparatus, comprising:

[0040] The data acquisition module acquires seismic data and performs deconvolution processing on the seismic data using a preset algorithm to obtain receiver function data.

[0041] The travel time calculation module is used to calculate the travel time of the seismic source, the travel time of the station, and the travel time of the scattering point based on the preset seismic source, preset scattering point, and preset station.

[0042] The storage and statistics module is used to store and statistically analyze the earthquake source travel time and the scattering point travel time respectively, so as to obtain the earthquake source travel time field and the scattering point travel time field.

[0043] The differential calculation module is used to perform central differential calculation on the travel time field of the seismic source and the travel time field of the scattering point to obtain propagation data;

[0044] The imaging calculation module performs imaging calculations on the received function data, source travel time, station travel time, scattering point travel time, and propagation data to obtain data migration imaging.

[0045] The weighted averaging module performs weighted averaging imaging on the data offset imaging to obtain an imaging profile.

[0046] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the seismic data imaging method described above.

[0047] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the seismic data imaging method described above.

[0048] Fifthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the seismic data imaging method.

[0049] Compared with the prior art, the above-mentioned technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0050] The embodiments of this invention, by calculating the radial reception function in the frequency domain, can extract frequency information closely related to imaging from seismic data. Based on the radial reception function in the frequency domain, the radial reception function of a preset station is further calculated, allowing the data to focus on the information of a specific station, thereby improving the resolution of imaging in local areas. Arranging the radial reception functions according to the distance between the seismic source and the preset station yields reception function data, which improves the spatial accuracy and realism of seismic data imaging, helping to more clearly depict underground geological structures. Calculating the source travel time, station travel time, and scattering point travel time effectively depicts the propagation path of seismic waves in the underground medium, clarifying the propagation trajectory of seismic waves after encountering scatterers. This helps to construct the structural framework of the underground medium, providing a basis for subsequent analysis. Utilizing stored statistics, the source travel time field and scattering point travel time field can be constructed, where the travel time field can comprehensively... Considering the temporal and spatial characteristics of seismic wave propagation, more accurate seismic data migration imaging is constructed, ultimately yielding imaging profiles that better reflect actual subsurface geological structures. By calculating the spatial derivatives of P-waves and S-waves using central difference, information about the propagation characteristics of P-waves and S-waves in the source travel time field and scattering point travel time field can be extracted, facilitating imaging in inhomogeneous media. Through computational migration imaging, the characteristics of subsurface media can be explored more deeply, reflecting potential anisotropy and inferring the influence of different subsurface media on seismic wave propagation velocity, thus contributing to a more accurate analysis of subsurface geological structures. Migration imaging is achieved using methods for processing natural earthquake data, and by leveraging the high-frequency, high-spatial-sampling characteristics of dense arrays, and considering wave propagation features in complex media, more accurate migration imaging of subsurface structures can be achieved. Attached Figure Description

[0051] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0052] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the seismic data imaging method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown.

[0053] Figure 2 This image shows a schematic diagram of a seismic data imaging method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 3 The image shows a depression model and a receiver function image of the seismic data imaging method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 4 The image shows a basin model and receiver function image of the seismic data imaging method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 5 The diagram shows the functional modules of the seismic data imaging device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the composition structure of an electronic device for implementing the seismic data imaging method according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The present disclosure will be further described below with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0059] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0060] This invention enables imaging of subsurface media structures using natural earthquake data observed by short-period dense arrays. It is applicable to non-homogeneous media and has high resolution and accuracy.

[0061] Example 1

[0062] like Figure 1 As shown in the embodiments of this disclosure, a seismic data imaging method includes the following steps:

[0063] S1. Acquire seismic data and perform deconvolution processing on the seismic data using a preset algorithm to obtain receiver function data.

[0064] In this embodiment of the invention, the acquisition of seismic data refers to the use of specialized seismic monitoring instruments, such as seismographs, to capture and record seismic waves generated by crustal movement within a specific geographical area. The acquired seismic data contains rich and crucial information about underground geological structures, material composition, and crustal movement, serving as the foundation and source for subsequent analyses and processing. The preset algorithm refers to a computational method used to perform specific processing on the acquired seismic data. The deconvolution processing is a technical means to extract clearer and more accurate information about underground structures from complex seismic data. Through deconvolution processing, the original pulse shape of seismic waves can be restored, thereby more clearly distinguishing the interfaces and structural features of different underground strata. This helps to improve the resolution of seismic data, allowing subtle geological structures that were originally hidden in noise and interference to become visible.

[0065] In this embodiment of the invention, the step of performing deconvolution processing on the seismic data using a preset algorithm to obtain receiver function data includes:

[0066] Calculate the radial reception function in the frequency domain based on seismic data;

[0067] The radial reception function of the preset station is calculated based on the radial reception function in the frequency domain;

[0068] The radial reception functions of the preset stations are arranged according to the distance between the seismic source and the preset stations to obtain reception function data.

[0069] In this embodiment of the invention, the radial reception function in the frequency domain can be calculated from seismic data using the following formula:

[0070]

[0071] Among them, D R (ω) represents the spectrum of the radial component seismogram of the seismic data, D v (ω) represents the spectrum of the vertical component seismogram of the seismic data;

[0072] The radial receiving function E in the frequency domain can be used. R Perform an inverse Fourier transform on (ω) to obtain the radial reception function RF(t) of the station.

[0073] In this embodiment of the invention, the preset stations refer to stations set up during earthquake events for receiving data; the arrangement refers to arranging the stations according to their distance from the earthquake source; the received function data can be represented by the received function matrix RF(x) s x r ,t), where x s Indicates the corresponding latitude and longitude coordinates of the earthquake source, x r This indicates the corresponding preset station's latitude and longitude coordinates.

[0074] In detail, through formulas Calculate the radial reception function in the frequency domain, where D R (ω) represents the spectrum of the radial component seismogram of the seismic data, D v (ω) represents the spectrum of the vertical component seismogram of the seismic data; through the radial receiver function E in the frequency domain... R (ω) is subjected to inverse Fourier transform to obtain the radial receiving function RF(t) of the station; the receiving function matrix RF(x) is then used. s x r ,t) obtains the received function data, where x s Indicates the corresponding latitude and longitude coordinates of the earthquake source, x r This indicates the corresponding preset station's latitude and longitude coordinates.

[0075] In this embodiment of the invention, by calculating the radial receiver function in the frequency domain, frequency information closely related to imaging can be extracted from seismic data. Based on the radial receiver function in the frequency domain, the radial receiver function of a preset station is further calculated, so that the data can be focused on the information of a specific station, thereby improving the resolution of imaging in a local area. Arranging the radial receiver functions according to the distance between the seismic source and the preset station to obtain receiver function data can improve the spatial accuracy and realism of seismic data imaging, and help to more clearly depict the underground geological structure.

[0076] S2. Calculate the source travel time, station travel time, and scattering point travel time based on the preset source, preset scattering point, and preset station.

[0077] In this embodiment of the invention, the preset seismic source refers to the assumed source of seismic waves, which in this embodiment may refer to the source of a certain earthquake data; the starting point of the propagation process of seismic data; the preset scattering point refers to the location where seismic waves encounter non-uniform media and are scattered during their propagation in the underground medium; when seismic waves encounter these points, they will change their propagation direction and scatter, which is based on the theory that seismic waves interact with complex underground media to generate scattered waves; the preset station is the location used to receive seismic wave signals, which is based on the use of seismographs and other equipment to record the arrival time and amplitude of seismic waves that have traveled through different paths.

[0078] In this embodiment of the invention, the calculation of the source travel time, station travel time, and scattering point travel time based on a preset seismic source, a preset scattering point, and a preset station includes:

[0079] The travel time from the preset seismic source to the preset scattering point is calculated to obtain the seismic source travel time.

[0080] The travel time from the preset seismic source to the preset station is calculated to obtain the station travel time;

[0081] The travel time from the preset station to the preset scattering point is calculated to obtain the travel time of the scattering point.

[0082] In this embodiment of the invention, the calculation of the travel time from a preset seismic source to a preset scattering point is based on the physical principle that seismic waves propagate at a certain speed in the underground medium. The propagation speed of seismic waves is closely related to the properties of the underground medium (such as the density and elastic modulus of rock). Assuming that the underground medium is composed of a series of layered or blocky structures with different velocity characteristics, the path of seismic waves propagating within it can be approximated using geometric optics or ray theory. In this case, by using a known or estimated medium velocity model, combined with the spatial geometric relationship between the seismic source and the scattering point, the time required for the seismic wave to propagate from the source to the scattering point can be calculated. In this embodiment, The method employs a rapid travel method, where seismic waves are imagined as wavefronts spreading outward from a pre-defined hypocenter, propagating at a certain speed in the subsurface medium. It utilizes a concept similar to the shortest path algorithm, where the travel time from the hypocenter to a pre-defined scattering point is the time it takes to reach that point along the wavefront at the fastest speed. The mathematical principle involves solving the equation of motion, which describes the relationship between wavefront propagation time and the velocity field. The travel time is calculated by tracing the rapid propagation path of the wavefront within the velocity field. Similarly, the travel time from the pre-defined hypocenter to a pre-defined station is calculated to obtain the station travel time; and the travel time from the pre-defined station to a pre-defined scattering point is calculated to obtain the scattering point travel time.

[0083] In detail, the travel time from the preset seismic source to the preset scattering point is calculated using the rapid travel method to obtain the seismic source travel time; similarly, the travel time from the preset seismic source to the preset station is calculated to obtain the station travel time; similarly, the travel time from the preset station to the preset scattering point is calculated to obtain the scattering point travel time.

[0084] In this embodiment of the invention, by calculating the source travel time, station travel time, and scattering point travel time, the propagation path of seismic waves in the underground medium can be effectively depicted, and the propagation trajectory of seismic waves after encountering scatterers can be clarified. This helps to construct the structural framework of the underground medium and provides a basis for subsequent analysis.

[0085] S3. Store and statistically analyze the travel time of the seismic source and the travel time of the scattering point to obtain the seismic source travel time field and the scattering point travel time field.

[0086] In this embodiment of the invention, the principle of storing statistics is based on the systematic organization and summarization of seismic wave propagation time information. The propagation of seismic waves in the underground medium is a complex process. The travel time of the seismic source and the travel time of the scattering point contain important information about the propagation path, velocity, and structure of the underground medium. By storing this travel time data, it is to construct field information that can reflect the time characteristics of seismic waves at different locations and propagation stages, so that more complex calculations and imaging operations can be performed using this field information in the future.

[0087] In detail, based on the spatial range involved in the earthquake data, the distribution of preset hypocenters, scattering points and stations, a suitable data storage structure is determined, such as a two-dimensional or three-dimensional array, where each element of the array represents the travel time information corresponding to a spatial location; the calculated hypocenter travel time and scattering point travel time are stored in the data structure prepared for the hypocenter travel time field according to their corresponding hypocenter locations or related indices.

[0088] In this embodiment of the invention, stored statistics can be used to construct the source travel time field and the scattering point travel time field. The travel time field can comprehensively consider the temporal and spatial characteristics of seismic wave propagation, and more accurately construct seismic data migration imaging, ultimately obtaining an imaging profile that is more consistent with the actual underground geological structure.

[0089] S4. Perform central difference calculation on the travel time field of the seismic source and the travel time field of the scattering point to obtain propagation data.

[0090] In this embodiment of the invention, central difference calculation is based on the numerical approximation of the spatiotemporal variation of seismic wave propagation in the seismic data imaging method. Seismic waves propagate in the underground medium, and their propagation data (such as velocity, travel time, and other related information) are continuously changing in space. However, in actual calculations, we need to describe and analyze them through discrete data points. Central difference calculation uses the numerical differences around discrete points to approximate the spatial derivatives of these data, thereby obtaining information about the propagation characteristics of seismic waves (such as velocity gradient).

[0091] In this embodiment of the invention, the step of performing central difference calculation on the travel time field of the seismic source and the travel time field of the scattering point using a preset calculation formula to obtain seismic source propagation data and scattering propagation data includes:

[0092] The P-wave spatial derivative is obtained by performing central difference calculation on the travel time field of the earthquake source;

[0093] The S-wave spatial derivative is obtained by performing a central difference calculation on the travel time field at the scattering point.

[0094] The propagation direction and polarization direction of the P-wave are obtained using the spatial derivative of the P-wave.

[0095] The S-wave propagation direction and polarization direction are obtained using the S-wave spatial derivative.

[0096] The propagation direction of the P-wave, the polarization direction of the P-wave, the propagation direction of the S-wave, and the polarization direction of the S-wave are fused to obtain propagation data.

[0097] In this embodiment of the invention, a discretization approximation method can be used to perform central difference calculation on the source travel time field. For each data point in the source travel time field (except for boundary points, which typically require special handling), the calculation is performed according to a preset formula:

[0098]

[0099] Where the calculation point is x i x i+1 and x i+1 The points are adjacent to each other, f represents the source travel time field function, and h is the difference step size. The approximate value of the first-order spatial derivative is obtained, that is, the spatial derivative of the P-wave and the spatial derivative of the S-wave are obtained.

[0100] In this embodiment of the invention, the spatial derivative of the P-wave describes the rate of change of the wavefront in space, and the propagation direction of the wave is related to the normal direction of the wavefront. This normal direction, i.e., the propagation direction of the P-wave, can be obtained by performing certain mathematical operations on the spatial derivative. Regarding the polarization direction of the P-wave, in an isotropic medium, the particle vibration direction (polarization direction) of the P-wave is consistent with the propagation direction. The propagation direction of the P-wave can be obtained by calculating the gradient of the spatial derivative vector field. The spatial derivative of the S-wave describes the rate of change of the S-wavefront in space. Similar to the P-wave, the propagation direction of the S-wave is related to the normal direction of the wavefront. The directions are closely related. By performing specific mathematical processing on the spatial derivative of the S-wave, the normal direction, i.e., the propagation direction of the S-wave, can be obtained. As for the polarization direction of the S-wave, in isotropic media, the particle vibration direction (polarization direction) of the S-wave is perpendicular to the propagation direction. In anisotropic media, based on the anisotropic characteristics of the wave field changes presented by the spatial derivative of the S-wave, its polarization direction can be derived. The data fusion is based on the holistic concept of seismic wave propagation, integrating these directional information to construct a more comprehensive dataset that can reflect the comprehensive propagation characteristics of seismic waves in underground media.

[0101] In detail, the central difference calculation of the source travel time field is performed using a discretization approximation method, and the formula is used. Calculate the spatial derivatives of P-waves and S-waves; use the spatial derivatives of P-waves to obtain the propagation direction and polarization direction of P-waves; use the spatial derivatives of S-waves to obtain the propagation direction and polarization direction of S-waves; then integrate these directional information to construct a more comprehensive dataset that reflects the integrated propagation characteristics of seismic waves in the underground medium, thus obtaining propagation data.

[0102] In this embodiment of the invention, the spatial derivatives of P-waves and S-waves are obtained by central difference calculation, which can extract information about the propagation characteristics of P-waves and S-waves in the travel time field of the seismic source and the travel time field of the scattering point, thus facilitating the realization of data imaging.

[0103] S5. Perform imaging calculations on the received function data, source travel time, station travel time, scattering point travel time, and propagation data to obtain data offset imaging.

[0104] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 In this embodiment of the invention, the imaging calculation principle is based on seismic wave propagation theory and mathematical calculation models. It reconstructs images of underground geological structures by comprehensively utilizing various data obtained in previous steps. It uses information such as the time, space, and wave characteristics of seismic waves propagating in the underground medium, combined with the seismic wave reflection and conversion reflected by receiver function data, to transform the abstract physical process of seismic wave propagation into parameters and variables in a mathematical model. Through a preset imaging formula, it quantitatively calculates the imaging values ​​at different underground locations.

[0105] In this embodiment of the invention, the step of performing imaging calculations on the receiver function data, source travel time, station travel time, scattering point travel time, and propagation data to obtain data migration imaging includes:

[0106] Calculate the angle θ between the propagation direction of the P-wave and the propagation direction of the S-wave based on the propagation data;

[0107] Calculate the angle θ between the S-wave propagation direction and the preset ground normal based on the propagation data. xr ;

[0108] Calculate the angle between the preset imaging point and the preset seismic source based on the preset station, preset seismic source, and preset imaging point.

[0109] Based on the received function data, the source travel time, the station travel time, the scattering point travel time, the included angle θ, and the included angle θ xr and included angle Calculate the offset imaging.

[0110] In this embodiment of the invention, the offset imaging can be calculated using the following formula:

[0111]

[0112] Where f(x) is the image value at image point x, RF(x) s x r ,t) is the earthquake event x s Station x in Taiwan r The corresponding receive function data, T sx T xr and T sr These are the source travel time, scattering point travel time, and station travel time, respectively; ε P→S The 3D scattering coefficient at imaging point x can be obtained using the following formula:

[0113]

[0114] Where θ represents the distance between the P-wave propagation direction and the S-wave propagation direction, α, β, and ρ represent the longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity, and density of the medium at spatial point x, respectively, and δ represents the disturbance amount of the above parameters. xr φ is the angle between the S-wave propagation direction and the preset ground normal. srx Calculate the angle between the preset imaging point and the preset seismic source relative to the line connecting the preset seismic source and the preset imaging point for the preset station, preset seismic source, and preset imaging point.

[0115] Specifically, the angle θ between the propagation direction of the P-wave and the propagation direction of the S-wave is calculated based on the propagation data; the angle θ between the propagation direction of the S-wave and the preset ground normal is also calculated based on the propagation data. xr ; Calculate the angle φ between the preset imaging point and the preset seismic source and the line connecting the preset seismic source, based on the preset station, preset seismic source, and preset imaging point. srx The following formula is used to calculate the offset imaging: Where f(x) is the image value at image point x, RF(c s x r ,t) is the earthquake event x s Station x in Taiwan r The corresponding receive function data, T sx T xr and T sr These are the source travel time, scattering point travel time, and station travel time, respectively; ε P→S The 3D scattering coefficient at imaging point x can be obtained using the following formula: Where θ represents the distance between the P-wave propagation direction and the S-wave propagation direction, α, β, and ρ represent the longitudinal wave velocity, transverse wave velocity, and density of the medium at spatial point x, respectively, and δ represents the disturbance amount of the above parameters. xr φ is the angle between the S-wave propagation direction and the preset ground normal. srx Calculate the angle between the preset imaging point and the preset seismic source relative to the line connecting the preset seismic source and the preset imaging point for the preset station, preset seismic source, and preset imaging point.

[0116] In this embodiment of the invention, by using computational migration imaging, the characteristics of the subsurface medium can be explored more deeply; it can reflect the anisotropy and other conditions that may exist in the subsurface medium, and can infer the influence of the subsurface medium in different regions on the propagation velocity of seismic waves, which helps to analyze the morphology of the subsurface geological structure more accurately.

[0117] S6. Perform weighted average imaging on the data offset imaging to obtain an imaging profile.

[0118] In this embodiment of the invention, the preset isochronous surface is based on the concept of isochronism of seismic waves propagating in the underground medium. Seismic waves originate from the seismic source and propagate in the underground medium at a certain speed. At the same time, the various spatial locations reached by the seismic waves constitute an isochronous surface. This isochronous surface is like a "slice" of time, reflecting the distribution of the frontal line of seismic wave propagation in the underground space at a specific point in time. Different times correspond to different isochronous surfaces, and the shape and position of the isochronous surface will change with the propagation of seismic waves and the characteristics of the underground medium (such as the inhomogeneity and anisotropy of the medium). By setting a series of preset isochronous surfaces, the propagation state of seismic waves at different times can be quantitatively described, and then these isochronous surfaces can be combined with other data to achieve more accurate imaging.

[0119] In this embodiment of the invention, the step of performing weighted average imaging on the data offset imaging to obtain an imaging profile includes:

[0120] Calculate the isochronous surface based on the source travel time, the station travel time, and the scattering point travel time;

[0121] The angle θ between the isochronous surface and the preset station normal is calculated based on the isochronous surface. t ;

[0122] The included angle θ is determined using preset rules. t The superimposed tilt angles are obtained by filtering.

[0123] The superimposed tilt angle is projected onto the data to obtain an imaging profile;

[0124] The image profile is used to perform weighted superposition of the data offset images to obtain a superimposed image;

[0125] An average imaging calculation is performed on the superimposed image to obtain an imaging profile.

[0126] In this embodiment of the invention, the superimposed dip angle refers to a quantitative description of the relationship between the direction of seismic wave propagation and the relative position of the station, as well as the requirements for subsequent imaging processing. The isochronous surface reflects the spatial position of the seismic wave at a specific moment, while the station normal is a specific directional reference for the preset station. By calculating the angle between the isochronous surface and the preset station normal, the degree of inclination of the direction of seismic wave propagation relative to the station can be obtained. Since the propagation path of seismic waves in the underground medium is complex and affected by various factors, the angle between the isochronous surface and the station normal will be different at different times and locations. By using preset rules to filter these angles, the resulting superimposed dip angle is a combination of angles extracted from numerous angle information that has specific significance and function for imaging. It comprehensively considers the key characteristics of the relationship between seismic wave propagation and station position, so as to better realize data projection and imaging calculation in subsequent steps, and make the final image more accurately reflect the underground geological conditions.

[0127] In this embodiment of the invention, weighted superposition refers to assigning different weights to different imaging data (i.e., data migration imaging) to reflect the differences in importance and accuracy in underground geological structures, and then superimposing them to obtain an imaging result that is more consistent with reality and has higher accuracy. Because the propagation process of seismic waves is complex, imaging data acquired at different times and locations do not contribute equally to the final accurate representation of underground geological structures. Weighted superposition assigns weights to each data migration imaging according to certain rules, allowing more important and reliable data to play a greater role in the final imaging, thereby achieving a more realistic and accurate depiction of underground geological conditions. The average imaging calculation is based on the weighted superposition... The superimposed imaging data, after a series of processing steps including overlay, undergoes further integration and optimization to obtain a final imaging profile that more accurately and stably reflects the underground geological structure. During the seismic data imaging process, due to the influence of various factors, such as data acquisition errors and the complexity of seismic wave propagation, the weighted superimposed imaging data may still have certain fluctuations or local deviations. The average imaging calculation is to smooth these fluctuations and reduce deviations by performing some form of averaging on these data, so that the final imaging result can be closer to the real situation of the underground geological structure, just like averaging multiple sets of observation data with slight differences to obtain a more representative result.

[0128] In detail, isochronous surfaces are constructed using seismic wave propagation time information, and seismic imaging profiles are obtained through analysis and processing of the isochronous surface dip angle. Specifically, firstly, based on the known source travel time, station travel time, and scattering point travel time, the isochronous surface can be calculated using interpolation or other suitable numerical methods. The isochronous surface represents the wavefront position of the seismic wave at different times. Further, the normal vector of the isochronous surface at the preset station position is calculated, and the angle between this normal vector and the line connecting the preset station to the scattering point (normal) is calculated. This angle represents the degree of deviation between the seismic wave propagation direction and the station direction. To improve imaging quality, these angles need to be filtered; for example, only angles consistent with or close to the preset direction are selected, or a preset signal-to-noise ratio threshold is used. The data is filtered to obtain the stacking dip angle. Further, the data migration imaging is projected onto a new coordinate system, typically aligned with the main geological structure, using the stacking dip angle information to obtain a preliminary imaging profile. This profile includes energy contributions from different scattering points. To further improve the signal-to-noise ratio and imaging resolution, this preliminary imaging profile is used to perform weighted stacking of the original data migration imaging. The weighting coefficients are determined based on the energy intensity in the imaging profile. Finally, the weighted stacked image is averaged or filtered using preset parameters to obtain a clear and stable seismic imaging profile. This process is equivalent to performing a time-based angular domain stacking of the seismic data, effectively suppressing noise and enhancing the effective signal.

[0129] In this embodiment of the invention, migration imaging is achieved by processing natural earthquake data. At the same time, based on the high frequency and high spatial sampling characteristics of dense array data, and considering the wave propagation characteristics in complex media, more accurate migration imaging of underground structures can be performed.

[0130] Example 2

[0131] like Figure 5 As shown in the figure, this embodiment also provides a functional block diagram of a seismic data imaging device.

[0132] The seismic data imaging device 100 described in this embodiment can be installed in an electronic device. Depending on the functions implemented, the seismic data imaging device 100 may include a data acquisition module 101, a travel time calculation module 102, a storage and statistics module 103, a difference calculation module 104, an imaging calculation module 105, and a weighted average module 106. The module described in this invention can also be called a unit, referring to a series of computer program segments that can be executed by the processor of an electronic device and can perform a fixed function, stored in the memory of the electronic device.

[0133] In this embodiment, the functions of each module / unit are as follows:

[0134] The data acquisition module 101 is used to acquire seismic data and to perform deconvolution processing on the seismic data using a preset algorithm to obtain receiver function data.

[0135] The travel time calculation module 102 is used to calculate the travel time of the earthquake source, the travel time of the station, and the travel time of the scattering point based on the preset earthquake source, the preset scattering point, and the preset station.

[0136] The storage and statistics module 103 is used to store and statistically analyze the source travel time and the scattering point travel time respectively, to obtain the source travel time field and the scattering point travel time field.

[0137] The differential calculation module 104 is used to perform central differential calculation on the travel time field of the seismic source and the travel time field of the scattering point to obtain propagation data.

[0138] The imaging calculation module 105 is used to perform imaging calculations on the receiver function data, source travel time, station travel time, scattering point travel time and the propagation data to obtain data offset imaging.

[0139] The weighted averaging module 106 is used to perform weighted averaging imaging on the data offset imaging to obtain an imaging profile.

[0140] In detail, each module in the seismic data imaging device 100 described in this embodiment of the invention uses the same technical means as the seismic data imaging method described in Embodiment 1, and can produce the same technical effect, which will not be repeated here.

[0141] Example 3

[0142] like Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment also provides a computer electronic device, which may include a processor 10, a memory 11, a communication bus 12 and a communication interface 13, and may also include a computer program, such as a seismic data imaging program, stored in the memory 11 and capable of running on the processor 10.

[0143] In some embodiments, the processor 10 may be composed of integrated circuits, such as a single packaged integrated circuit or multiple integrated circuits with the same or different functions, including combinations of one or more central processing units (CPUs), microprocessors, digital processing chips, graphics processors, and various control chips. The processor 10 is the control unit of the electronic device, connecting various components of the entire electronic device through various interfaces and lines. It executes programs or modules stored in the memory 11 (e.g., executing seismic data imaging programs) and calls data stored in the memory 11 to perform various functions of the electronic device and process data.

[0144] The memory 11 includes at least one type of readable storage medium, including flash memory, portable hard drive, multimedia card, card-type memory (e.g., SD or DX memory), magnetic memory, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc. In some embodiments, the memory 11 can be an internal storage unit of an electronic device, such as a portable hard drive. In other embodiments, the memory 11 can be an external storage device of the electronic device, such as a plug-in portable hard drive, smart media card (SMC), secure digital (SD) card, flash card, etc. Furthermore, the memory 11 can include both internal and external storage units of the electronic device. The memory 11 can be used not only to store application software and various types of data installed on the electronic device, such as the code of a seismic data imaging program, but also to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.

[0145] The communication bus 12 can be a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus or an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus, etc. This bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. The bus is configured to enable communication between the memory 11 and at least one processor 10, etc.

[0146] The communication interface 13 is used for communication between the aforementioned electronic device and other devices, including a network interface and a user interface. Optionally, the network interface may include a wired interface and / or a wireless interface (such as a Wi-Fi interface, Bluetooth interface, etc.), typically used to establish communication connections between the electronic device and other electronic devices. The user interface may be a display, an input unit (such as a keyboard), or, optionally, a standard wired or wireless interface. Optionally, in some embodiments, the display may be an LED display, a liquid crystal display, a touch-sensitive liquid crystal display, or an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) touchscreen, etc. The display may also be appropriately referred to as a screen or display unit, used to display information processed in the electronic device and to display a visual user interface.

[0147] The figure only shows an electronic device with components. Those skilled in the art will understand that the structure shown in the figure does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device and may include fewer or more components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0148] For example, although not shown, the electronic device may also include a power supply (such as a battery) to power the various components. Preferably, the power supply can be logically connected to the at least one processor 10 through a power management device, thereby enabling functions such as charging management, discharging management, and power consumption management. The power supply may also include one or more DC or AC power supplies, recharging devices, power fault detection circuits, power converters or inverters, power status indicators, and other arbitrary components. The electronic device may also include various sensors, Bluetooth modules, Wi-Fi modules, etc., which will not be described in detail here.

[0149] It should be understood that the embodiments described are for illustrative purposes only and are not limited to this structure in the scope of the patent application.

[0150] The seismic data imaging program stored in the memory 11 of the electronic device is a combination of multiple instructions, which, when run in the processor 10, can achieve the following:

[0151] Seismic data is acquired, and the seismic data is deconvolved using a preset algorithm to obtain receiver function data;

[0152] Calculate the source travel time, station travel time, and scattering point travel time based on the preset source, preset scattering point, and preset station.

[0153] The travel times of the seismic source and the scattering point are stored and statistically analyzed to obtain the seismic source travel time field and the scattering point travel time field;

[0154] The propagation data are obtained by performing central difference calculations on the travel time field of the earthquake source and the travel time field of the scattering point.

[0155] Imaging calculations are performed on the received function data, source travel time, station travel time, scattering point travel time, and propagation data to obtain data migration imaging;

[0156] The data offset imaging is subjected to weighted average imaging to obtain an imaging profile.

[0157] Specifically, the specific implementation method of the processor 10 for the above instructions can be referred to the description of the relevant steps in the corresponding embodiment of the accompanying drawings, and will not be repeated here.

[0158] Furthermore, if the modules / units integrated into the electronic device are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium can be volatile or non-volatile. For example, the computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, a recording medium, a USB flash drive, a portable hard drive, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a computer memory, or a read-only memory (ROM).

[0159] Example 4

[0160] This embodiment provides a storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the seismic data imaging method described above.

[0161] This program code can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, causing a series of operational steps to be executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable device for implementing the process. Figure 1 Steps of a specified function in one or more processes.

[0162] Storage media include permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, and can be used to store information by any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Examples of storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transfer medium that can be used to store information accessible by computing devices.

[0163] In the several embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of modules is only a logical functional division, and other division methods may be used in actual implementation.

[0164] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as modules may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0165] Furthermore, the functional modules in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional modules.

[0166] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention.

[0167] Therefore, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting in all respects. The scope of the invention is not limited to the foregoing description, and all variations within the meaning and scope of equivalents falling within the protection scope are intended to be included in the invention.

[0168] The embodiments of this application can acquire and process relevant data based on artificial intelligence technology. Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the theories, methods, technologies, and application systems that use digital computers or machines controlled by digital computers to simulate, extend, and expand human intelligence, perceive the environment, acquire knowledge, and use that knowledge to obtain optimal results.

[0169] Furthermore, it is clear that the word "comprising" does not exclude other units or steps, and the singular does not exclude the plural. Multiple units or devices recited in a system claim may also be implemented by a single unit or device through software or hardware. The terms "first," "second," etc., are used to indicate names and do not indicate any specific order.

[0170] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of imaging seismic data, characterized by, The method includes: Seismic data is acquired, and the seismic data is deconvolved using a preset algorithm to obtain receiver function data; Calculate the source travel time, station travel time, and scattering point travel time based on the preset source, preset scattering point, and preset station. The travel times of the seismic source and the scattering point are stored and statistically analyzed to obtain the seismic source travel time field and the scattering point travel time field; The propagation data are obtained by performing central difference calculations on the travel time field of the earthquake source and the travel time field of the scattering point. Imaging calculations are performed on the received function data, source travel time, station travel time, scattering point travel time, and propagation data to obtain data migration imaging; The data offset imaging is subjected to weighted average imaging to obtain an imaging profile.

2. The seismic data imaging method of claim 1, wherein, The process of performing deconvolution processing on the seismic data using a preset algorithm to obtain receiver function data includes: Calculate the radial reception function in the frequency domain based on seismic data; The radial reception function of the preset station is calculated based on the radial reception function in the frequency domain; The radial reception functions of the preset stations are arranged according to the distance between the seismic source and the preset stations to obtain reception function data.

3. The seismic data imaging method of claim 1, wherein, The calculation of the source travel time, station travel time, and scattering point travel time based on the preset source, preset scattering point, and preset station includes: The travel time from the preset seismic source to the preset scattering point is calculated to obtain the seismic source travel time. The travel time from the preset seismic source to the preset station is calculated to obtain the station travel time; The travel time from the preset station to the preset scattering point is calculated to obtain the travel time of the scattering point.

4. The seismic data imaging method of claim 1, wherein, The method involves performing a central difference calculation on the travel time field of the seismic source and the travel time field of the scattering point using a preset calculation formula to obtain seismic source propagation data and scattering propagation data, including: The P-wave spatial derivative is obtained by performing central difference calculation on the travel time field of the earthquake source; The S-wave spatial derivative is obtained by performing a central difference calculation on the travel time field at the scattering point. The propagation direction and polarization direction of the P-wave are obtained using the spatial derivative of the P-wave. The S-wave propagation direction and polarization direction are obtained using the S-wave spatial derivative. The propagation direction of the P-wave, the polarization direction of the P-wave, the propagation direction of the S-wave, and the polarization direction of the S-wave are fused to obtain propagation data.

5. The seismic data imaging method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Imaging calculations are performed on the received function data, source travel time, station travel time, scattering point travel time, and propagation data to obtain data migration imaging, including: Calculate the angle θ between the propagation direction of the P-wave and the propagation direction of the S-wave based on the propagation data; calculating an angle θ between the S-wave propagation direction and a preset ground normal according to the propagation data xr ; Calculate the angle between the preset imaging point and the preset seismic source based on the preset station, preset seismic source, and preset imaging point. Based on the received function data, the source travel time, the station travel time, the scattering point travel time, the included angle θ, and the included angle θ xr and included angle Calculate the offset imaging.

6. The seismic data imaging method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The data offset imaging is weighted and averaged to obtain an imaging profile, including: Calculate the isochronous surface based on the source travel time, the station travel time, and the scattering point travel time; calculating an included angle θ between the isochrone and a normal of a preset station according to the isochrone t ; Utilize the preset rule to angle θ t Screening, get superimposed dip angle; The superimposed tilt angle is projected onto the data to obtain an imaging profile; The image profile is used to perform weighted superposition of the data offset images to obtain a superimposed image; An average imaging calculation is performed on the superimposed image to obtain an imaging profile.

7. A seismic data imaging device, characterized in that, The device includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire seismic data and perform deconvolution processing on the seismic data using a preset algorithm to obtain receiver function data. The travel time calculation module is used to calculate the travel time of the seismic source, the travel time of the station, and the travel time of the scattering point based on the preset seismic source, preset scattering point, and preset station. The storage and statistics module is used to store and statistically analyze the earthquake source travel time and the scattering point travel time respectively, so as to obtain the earthquake source travel time field and the scattering point travel time field. The differential calculation module is used to perform central differential calculation on the travel time field of the seismic source and the travel time field of the scattering point to obtain propagation data; The imaging calculation module is used to perform imaging calculations on the received function data, source travel time, station travel time, scattering point travel time and propagation data to obtain data offset imaging; The weighted averaging module is used to perform weighted averaging imaging on the data offset imaging to obtain an imaging profile.

8. A computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, characterized in that, The processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the seismic data imaging method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When executed by a processor, the computer program implements the steps of the seismic data imaging method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When executed by a processor, the computer program implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

Images