A ganoderma lucidum spore powder wall breaking rate online detection system and method

Abstract

This invention discloses an online detection system and method for the cell wall breakage rate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, belonging to the field of online detection technology. This online detection system and method for Ganoderma lucidum spore powder cell wall breakage rate completes the initial screening through circumferential grayscale feature analysis of parallel and perpendicular polarized signals, quickly achieving the separation of broken spores in the initial screening. Through radial grayscale gradient analysis, the number of jump rings corresponding to the number of intact spore wall layers is determined, achieving refined classification of unbroken, partially broken, and broken spores in the initial screening, solving the problem that existing technologies cannot identify the partially broken state. A secondary circumferential grayscale feature verification and breakpoint quantification analysis are performed on the unbroken spores in the initial screening to remove false unbroken spores with localized spore wall damage. Using the characteristic spectrum of the original effective components inside the spore as a benchmark, the release behavior of the effective components is anchored through homology matching of internal and external spectra and radial intensity distribution verification, distinguishing between effective cell wall breakage and ineffective breakage, thus improving the accuracy of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder cell wall breakage rate detection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of online detection technology, specifically to an online detection system and method for the cell wall breakage rate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder. Background Technology

[0002] In the online detection of cell wall breakage rate in the industrial production of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, existing technologies have the following shortcomings: First, existing technologies only determine the cell wall breakage status by whether the spore wall outline is continuous and whether the characteristic peak intensity meets the standard, simply classifying spores into two categories: broken and unbroken, failing to classify spores according to different degrees of damage. Second, existing technologies cannot accurately identify semi-broken spores with damaged outer spore walls and intact inner spore walls, easily leading to misjudgments of semi-broken spores. Third, existing technologies only focus on changes in the physical structural integrity of the spore wall, failing to distinguish between effective cell wall breakage accompanied by leakage of effective contents and ineffective breakage where the spore wall structure is broken but there is no leakage of effective contents.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an online detection system and method for Ganoderma lucidum spore powder cell wall breakage rate that can accurately identify the breakage state based on spore wall characteristics and anchor the release behavior of effective components, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an online detection system and method for Ganoderma lucidum spore powder cell wall breakage rate. This solves the problem that existing technologies simply classify spores into two categories, broken and unbroken, based solely on whether the spore wall outline is continuous and whether the characteristic peak intensity meets the standard. This approach fails to identify spores with damaged outer spore walls and intact inner spore walls, and also fails to distinguish between effectively broken (with leakage of contents) and ineffectively broken (without leakage of contents).

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an online detection system for the cell wall breakage rate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, comprising:

[0006] The initial judgment module is used to perform circumferential grayscale feature analysis on the parallel polarization signal and vertical polarization signal of the current spore. If there is no periodic reverse change region, it is judged as a damaged initial screening spore.

[0007] The secondary discrimination module is used to analyze the circumferential distribution characteristics to determine the number of jump rings when there are regions of periodic reverse change, and to obtain the classification results of unbroken primary screening spores, semi-broken primary screening spores, or damaged primary screening spores.

[0008] The three-level discrimination module is used to perform circumferential grayscale feature analysis on the jumping ring of the unbroken cell wall primary screening spores. If it is determined to be a semi-broken cell wall primary screening spore, it is determined whether it is a broken primary screening spore based on the number of breakpoints in the jumping ring.

[0009] The fourth-level discrimination module is used to compare the internal and external spectra of the damaged initial screening spores to determine whether they are valid cell wall broken spores.

[0010] The calculation module is used to calculate the ratio of the number of effectively broken spores to the total number of spores, which is used as the cell wall breakage rate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.

[0011] An online detection method for the cell wall breakage rate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder includes the following steps:

[0012] Circumferential grayscale feature analysis is performed on the parallel polarization signal and vertical polarization signal of the current spore. If there is no periodic reverse change region, it is determined to be a damaged initial screening spore.

[0013] If there is a region of reverse periodic change, then circumferential distribution characteristic analysis is performed to determine the number of jump rings, and the classification results of unbroken primary screening spores, semi-broken primary screening spores, or damaged primary screening spores are obtained.

[0014] Circumferential grayscale feature analysis is performed on the jumping rings of spores that have not been broken in the initial screening. If they are determined to be semi-broken spores, the number of breakpoints in the jumping rings determines whether they are broken spores.

[0015] By comparing the internal and external spectra of the damaged spores in the initial screening, it can be determined whether they are effective spores with broken cell walls.

[0016] The ratio of the number of effectively broken spores to the total number of spores is calculated as the cell wall breakage rate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] This invention completes the initial screening by analyzing the circumferential grayscale features of parallel and vertical polarization signals, quickly achieving the separation of damaged spores. It determines the number of jump rings corresponding to the number of intact spore wall layers through radial grayscale gradient analysis, enabling refined classification of unbroken, partially broken, and damaged spores, solving the problem of existing technologies being unable to identify the partially broken state. A secondary circumferential grayscale feature verification and breakpoint quantification analysis are performed on the unbroken spores from the initial screening to remove pseudo-unbroken spores with localized spore wall damage. Using the characteristic spectra of the original active ingredients inside the spore as a benchmark, the release behavior of the active ingredients is anchored through homology matching of internal and external spectra and radial intensity distribution verification, distinguishing between effective and ineffective wall breakage, thus improving the accuracy of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder wall breakage rate detection. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the module connection of the online detection system for Ganoderma lucidum spore powder cell wall breakage rate of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2This is a flowchart illustrating the classification results of unbroken, partially broken, or damaged spores obtained from the online detection system for Ganoderma lucidum spore powder cell wall breakage rate of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of determining whether a spore is a validly broken spore in the online detection system for Ganoderma lucidum spore powder cell wall breakage rate of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the online detection method for the cell wall breakage rate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Please refer to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 This invention provides a technical solution: an online detection system for the cell wall breakage rate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, comprising:

[0024] The initial judgment module is used to perform circumferential grayscale feature analysis on the parallel polarization signal and vertical polarization signal of the current spore. If there is no periodic reverse change region, it is judged as a damaged initial screening spore.

[0025] Considering that only complete chitinous spore walls will produce parallel and perpendicular polarized signals that exhibit sinusoidal changes in phase with the circumferential angle under orthogonal dual polarization imaging, while spore contents, damaged spore walls, and background media do not possess this characteristic, this embodiment determines, by identifying the existence of a periodically reversed region, whether the spore possesses an effective region with a complete and dense spore wall structure. The specific process is as follows:

[0026] Using the geometric center of a single spore as the origin, the sampling interval is divided into 0°-360° circumferential directions with a preset angular step size. The average gray value of the parallel polarized signal in each sampling interval is calculated. and the average gray value of vertically polarized signals The circumferential grayscale feature set is obtained, where The circumferential angle is set according to the angular resolution of the imaging system, ranging from 1° to 10°. A smaller step size results in higher circumferential sampling density and higher detection accuracy, balancing detection efficiency and accuracy. A step size of 5° is preferred.

[0027] Sine curves corresponding to parallel polarized signals and vertical polarized signals are fitted based on the circumferential grayscale feature set.

[0028] .

[0029] .

[0030] in, and All are amplitudes. Angular frequency, and All are phases. and All are grayscale baselines, which are the DC components of parallel polarized signals and vertical polarized signals that are not modulated by birefringence during circumferential changes, and are the background reference values ​​of the grayscale of the corresponding polarized signals.

[0031] Calculate the phase difference between the two sine curves corresponding to each sampling interval. If both the phase difference and the goodness of fit of a certain sampling interval meet the set conditions, it is determined to be a region where the gray level changes periodically with the circumferential angle in opposite directions. The set conditions are that the phase difference belongs to [170°, 190°] (i.e., opposite phase) and the goodness of fit is greater than the goodness of fit threshold. The goodness of fit threshold is set according to the noise level of the imaging system, and the value range is 0.7-0.95. The threshold can be appropriately reduced when the noise is higher, preferably 0.85.

[0032] If the proportion of the area exhibiting periodic sinusoidal reverse changes is greater than a preset ratio, it is determined that a periodic reverse change area exists. The preset ratio is set according to the requirements for determining spore wall integrity, and its value ranges from 60% to 90%. The higher the preset ratio, the stricter the requirements for the circumferential integrity of the spore wall. For example, the preset ratio is 80%.

[0033] The periodic reverse change region refers to the circumferential angle range within which the grayscale of parallel polarized signals and perpendicular polarized signals exhibits a periodic sinusoidal change with the circumferential angle, and the phase difference meets the reverse phase requirement. Intact, unbroken Ganoderma lucidum spores have a 360° closed, continuous, dense spore wall, and the proportion of the periodic reverse change region across the entire circumference will meet the preset requirement. However, after the spore wall is damaged, the crystal structure at the damaged location disintegrates, the birefringence effect disappears, and the required periodic reverse change region cannot be formed; the proportion of the periodic reverse change region across the entire circumference will be lower than the preset threshold.

[0034] Compared with traditional grayscale threshold segmentation and contour recognition methods, this embodiment directly makes judgments based on the birefringence physical properties of the spore wall itself, and is not affected by uneven imaging brightness, background interference from suspension, or focusing deviation. At the same time, it filters out random imaging noise through sine fitting, reducing the misjudgment rate of the broken state, and the calculation process is simple and efficient.

[0035] The secondary discrimination module is used to analyze the circumferential distribution characteristics to determine the number of jump rings when there are regions of periodic reverse change, and to obtain the classification results of unbroken primary screening spores, semi-broken primary screening spores, or damaged primary screening spores.

[0036] Considering the differences in radial structural optical characteristics corresponding to different cell wall breakage states of Ganoderma lucidum spores: the complete spore wall of Ganoderma lucidum spores consists of two tightly adhered chitinous crystal structures, an outer wall and an inner wall, with no obvious optical interface between them. Therefore, in radial imaging, complete and unbroken spores will only form two interfaces with abrupt grayscale changes, namely the outer boundary of the spore wall (the interface between the background medium and the outer wall of the spore wall) and the inner boundary of the spore wall (the interface between the inner wall of the spore wall and the spore contents), corresponding to two gradient peak points. The radial distance between the two peak points is the total thickness of the spore wall. In contrast, the outer spore wall of semi-broken spores is broken and disintegrated, leaving only the inner spore wall structure intact. In radial imaging, only two gradient peak points corresponding to the inner wall will be formed. The radial distance between the two peak points is only the thickness of a single inner wall layer, which is much smaller than the total thickness of the spore wall of unbroken spores. In contrast, spores with completely disintegrated spore walls lack a dense spore wall structure and cannot form the required gradient peak points.

[0037] The abrupt change ring refers to the abrupt change in grayscale in the radial cross-section of Ganoderma lucidum spores, formed by the difference in optical properties between the spore wall structure and the adjacent medium, corresponding to the physical boundary of the spore wall structure.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, the specific process is as follows:

[0039] The process of determining the number of jump cycles is as follows:

[0040] Starting from the center of the spore along the radial direction, radial sampling points are sequentially divided with the minimum resolution of the imaging pixels as the fixed radial sampling step size.

[0041] Calculate the average gray value of the polarization signal at each radial sampling point.

[0042] Calculate the difference between the average gray value of the polarization signal at the current radial sampling point and the average gray value of the polarization signal at the previous adjacent radial sampling point, and use the ratio of the difference to the fixed radial sampling step size as the radial gray gradient value of the current radial sampling point.

[0043] The median of the absolute values ​​of the radial gray-level gradient is calculated and multiplied by a preset coefficient to obtain the radial gray-level gradient determination threshold. The preset coefficient is used to adapt the gradient determination sensitivity to different imaging qualities, and its value ranges from 2 to 5. The preset coefficient can be appropriately increased when the imaging noise is higher, preferably 3. Determining the radial gray-level gradient determination threshold by multiplying the median by the preset coefficient can avoid the influence of fixed threshold on imaging brightness and individual spore differences, thus improving detection robustness.

[0044] If the absolute value of the radial gray-level gradient of the current radial sampling point is greater than the absolute values ​​of the two adjacent sampling points, and the absolute value of the radial gray-level gradient of the current radial sampling point is greater than or equal to the radial gray-level gradient determination threshold, then the current radial sampling point is marked as a gradient peak point.

[0045] If there are 0 gradient peaks, then the number of transition loops is 0.

[0046] If there are two gradient peaks and the distance between the two gradient peaks is greater than a set distance threshold, then there are two transition loops, and the boundary between the two transition loops is defined based on the set value; otherwise, there is one.

[0047] The distance threshold is set based on the statistical value of the spore wall thickness of the same batch of unbroken Ganoderma lucidum spores. Specifically, take unbroken spore samples from the same batch that have been confirmed by manual microscopic examination, detect the radial distance between the two gradient peak points of each sample, and calculate 80% of the arithmetic mean of all distances as the set distance threshold. The total spore wall thickness of unbroken spores is usually 3-5 μm, and the thickness of a single inner wall is usually 1-2 μm.

[0048] Furthermore, the process for obtaining the classification results of unbroken primary screening spores, semi-broken primary screening spores, or damaged primary screening spores is as follows:

[0049] If the number of transition rings is 0, the classification result is damaged primary screening spores.

[0050] If the number of jump rings is 1, the classification result is semi-broken cell wall primary screening spores.

[0051] If the number of jump rings is 2, the classification result is unbroken cell wall primary screening spores.

[0052] The radial distance between the two gradient peaks of a genuine, unbroken spore is the total thickness of the natural spore wall, which has a fixed physical size range. Therefore, only when there are two gradient peaks and the distance between the two gradient peaks is greater than a set distance threshold will the number of transition loops be two.

[0053] For damaged spores in the initial screening, both spore walls disintegrate, there is no dense structural interface that can produce a significant abrupt change in gray level, and no valid gradient peak point that meets the requirements can be detected, corresponding to a jump ring number of 0.

[0054] The three-level discrimination module is used to perform circumferential grayscale feature analysis on the jumping ring of the unbroken cell wall primary screening spores. If it is determined to be a semi-broken cell wall primary screening spore, it is determined whether it is a broken primary screening spore based on the number of breakpoints in the jumping ring.

[0055] For the spores that were initially screened without broken cell walls, it is possible that the outer wall was not completely broken, and the distance between the two gradient peak points was greater than the set distance threshold. Therefore, further screening is required to determine the spores.

[0056] The process of performing circumferential grayscale feature analysis is as follows:

[0057] The overlapping region is determined by superimposing the region of reverse periodic change with the transition ring:

[0058] Using the geometric center of the spore as the origin, the radial annular zone corresponding to the jump ring is determined. Within this radial annular zone, the interval of the region where the circumferential angle conforms to the periodic reverse change is extracted, which is the overlapping area of ​​the two.

[0059] If there is a non-zero circumferential interval between any two adjacent overlapping regions corresponding to the outermost jumping ring of the unbroken spore, it is determined to be a semi-broken spore; otherwise, it is determined to be an unbroken spore.

[0060] The boundary between the outermost and innermost transition rings of the unbroken spores in the initial screening is determined based on the actual wall thickness of the unbroken spores. The proportions of the inner and outer walls relative to a set distance threshold are calculated, and the boundary is determined by multiplying the proportions by the distance between the gradient peak points.

[0061] The process for determining whether a spore is a damaged initial screening spore is as follows:

[0062] Determine the overlapping region between the jump ring and the periodic reverse change region of the semi-broken cell wall spores in the initial screening.

[0063] By comparing the circumferential termination angle of the previous overlapping region with the circumferential starting angle of the next adjacent overlapping region, a breakpoint exists if there is a non-zero circumferential interval between the two angles.

[0064] Calculate the total length of the non-zero circumferential intervals of all breakpoints, and then calculate the ratio of the total length to the total circumference of the transition ring profile.

[0065] If the ratio is greater than the set ratio threshold, it is determined to be a damaged primary screening spore; otherwise, it is a semi-damaged spore. The set ratio threshold is used to distinguish between semi-damaged spores and damaged primary screening spores, and the value ranges from 20% to 50%. The higher the ratio threshold, the higher the tolerance for spore wall damage, preferably 30%. When the total length of the breakpoint interval exceeds 30%, it is determined to be a damaged primary screening spore with a large area of ​​spore wall disintegration.

[0066] The ratio of the total length to the total circumference of the jump ring profile indicates the extent of damage to the spore wall structure; the larger the value, the more incomplete the spore wall structure.

[0067] For spores in the initial screening without cell wall disruption, as long as any non-zero circumferential interval exists, regardless of the size of the gap, they must be removed from the category of spores without needing to quantify the extent of damage. Therefore, using the presence or absence of a non-zero interval as a qualitative criterion is the most direct, efficient, and suitable for rigid screening requirements.

[0068] For semi-broken spores in the initial screening, the focus is no longer on whether there is damage, but on quantifying the severity of the damage. The problem is to classify semi-broken spores with slight local damage from those with large-area structural disintegration in the initial screening. The difference between the two is the scale of damage rather than the presence or absence of damage. Therefore, a quantitative percentage calculation method must be used to complete the classification.

[0069] The fourth-level discrimination module is used to compare the internal and external spectra of the damaged initial screening spores to determine whether they are valid cell wall broken spores.

[0070] Considering that judging solely based on spore wall integrity could misclassify spores with shattered walls but complete loss of contents, slightly damaged walls but no release of active ingredients, or completely disintegrated walls with no active ingredients remaining as broken spores, this approach is severely out of sync with the core requirements of actual production quality control and product efficacy. Therefore, it is necessary to determine whether a spore is a valid broken spore based on the release behavior and retention status of active ingredients. Figure 3 As shown, the specific process is as follows:

[0071] The circular region defined by taking the geometric center of the spore as the center and the average radial dimension corresponding to the inner boundary of the inner wall of the spore wall determined by polarization imaging detection of the same batch of unbroken spores as the radius is taken as the inner region of the spore.

[0072] The outer detection area is defined by a ring-shaped region with the outer boundary of the spore's internal region as the inner starting boundary and the outermost radial position where the characteristic spectral signals of the active ingredients in Ganoderma lucidum spores can be detected as the outer ending boundary. Examples of active ingredients include Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides.

[0073] Characteristic spectral peaks of effective components were selected from the full-band spectral data of all spatial sampling points within the spore's internal region as benchmark characteristic spectral peaks.

[0074] The full-band spectral data of all spatial sampling points in the outer detection area are matched with the reference characteristic spectral peaks in terms of peak position and peak shape to screen out spectral sampling points that are homologous to the reference characteristic spectral peaks.

[0075] If, in a radial sequence from the inside out, the intensity of the characteristic peak of any two adjacent spectral sampling points is not greater than the intensity of the previous sampling point, and no intensity returns to zero, the damaged initial screening spores are determined to be effective cell wall-broken spores.

[0076] In this embodiment, the reference spectrum of the spore's internal region ensures that the detection target is the effective component native to the spore. Homology matching eliminates interference from non-target signals of background impurities. The radial intensity determination rule matches the concentration gradient law of the effective component diffusing outward from the spore wall break. At the same time, the constraint of zero intensity eliminates invalid broken samples where the contents have been completely lost.

[0077] The process for determining the average radial dimension is as follows: extract the radial dimension corresponding to the inner boundary of the inner wall of each unbroken spore in the sample set, calculate the arithmetic mean of all radial dimensions, and obtain the average radial dimension corresponding to the inner boundary of the inner wall of the spore.

[0078] The outer termination boundary is the outermost radial position where the characteristic spectral signal of the effective components of Ganoderma lucidum spores can be detected. It refers to the radial position where the signal-to-noise ratio of the characteristic spectral peak of the effective components first drops below 3 from the inside to the outside. The signal-to-noise ratio is the ratio of the characteristic peak intensity to the standard deviation of the spectral background noise.

[0079] The process of matching the origin of peak position and shape to screen out spectral sampling points that are homologous to the reference characteristic spectral peak is as follows: First, the full-band spectral data of the spatial sampling points and the reference characteristic spectral peak are standardized. Then, the peak center positions of all effective spectral peaks in the full-band spectral data are extracted and compared with the peak center positions corresponding to the reference characteristic spectral peaks to calculate the peak position deviation.

[0080] For spatial sampling points where the peak position deviation is less than the allowable deviation threshold, the full width at half maximum (FWHM), peak height, and peak area of ​​the corresponding characteristic peaks of the spatial sampling points are further extracted, and the consistency of these parameters with the corresponding peak shape parameters of the reference characteristic spectral peaks is verified, and the peak shape matching degree between the two is calculated.

[0081] Spatial sampling points with peak shape matching degree greater than the preset judgment threshold are selected as spectral sampling points that are homologous to the reference characteristic spectral peak.

[0082] The peak shape matching degree is calculated by assigning weights (such as 0.3, 0.3, and 0.4) to the full width at half maximum, peak height, and peak area, calculating the relative deviation of each parameter, and then taking the difference between 1 and the weighted deviation sum as the peak shape matching degree.

[0083] The allowable deviation threshold refers to the maximum permissible range of peak center position deviation; for example, it can be set to ±5nm. The preset judgment threshold refers to the minimum acceptable value that the peak shape matching degree must reach; for example, it can be set to 0.85. If it is lower than this value, the peak shape difference is considered too large, and homology is excluded.

[0084] The calculation module is used to calculate the ratio of the number of effectively broken spores to the total number of spores, which is used as the cell wall breakage rate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.

[0085] An online detection method for the cell wall breakage rate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, such as Figure 4 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0086] S1. Perform circumferential grayscale feature analysis on the parallel polarization signal and vertical polarization signal of the current spore. If there is no periodic reverse change region, it is determined to be a damaged initial screening spore.

[0087] S2. If there is a periodic reverse change region, perform circumferential distribution characteristic analysis to determine the number of jump rings and obtain the classification results of unbroken cell wall primary screening spores, semi-broken cell wall primary screening spores, or damaged cell wall primary screening spores.

[0088] S3. Perform circumferential grayscale feature analysis on the jumping rings of the unbroken cell wall primary screening spores. If it is determined to be a semi-broken cell wall primary screening spore, determine whether it is a broken primary screening spore based on the number of breakpoints in the jumping ring.

[0089] S4. Compare the internal and external spectra of the damaged initial screening spores to determine whether they are effective cell wall broken spores.

[0090] S5. Calculate the ratio of the number of effectively broken spores to the total number of spores, and use this as the cell wall breakage rate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.

[0091] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, in the form of a computer program product.

[0092] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the modules and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0093] In addition, the functional modules in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing module, or each module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module.

[0094] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0095] Finally, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An online detection system for the cell wall breakage rate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, characterized in that, include: The initial judgment module is used to perform circumferential grayscale feature analysis on the parallel polarization signal and vertical polarization signal of the current spore. If there is no periodic reverse change region, it is judged as a damaged initial screening spore. The secondary discrimination module is used to analyze the circumferential distribution characteristics to determine the number of jump rings when there is a periodic reverse change region, and to obtain the classification results of unbroken primary screening spores, semi-broken primary screening spores, or damaged primary screening spores. The three-level discrimination module is used to perform circumferential grayscale feature analysis on the jumping ring of the unbroken cell wall primary screening spores. If it is determined to be a semi-broken cell wall primary screening spore, it is determined whether it is a broken primary screening spore based on the number of breakpoints in the jumping ring. The fourth-level discrimination module is used to compare the internal and external spectra of the damaged initial screening spores to determine whether they are valid cell-wall-broken spores. The calculation module is used to calculate the ratio of the number of effectively broken spores to the total number of spores, which is used as the cell wall breakage rate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.

2. The online detection system for the cell wall breakage rate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of performing circumferential grayscale feature analysis on the parallel polarization signal and vertical polarization signal of the current spore is as follows: The sampling interval is divided along the circumference by a preset angular step size. The average gray value of the parallel polarized signal and the vertical polarized signal in each sampling interval is calculated to obtain the circumferential gray feature set. Sine curves corresponding to parallel polarization signals and vertical polarization signals are fitted based on the circumferential grayscale feature set, respectively. Calculate the phase difference between the two sine curves corresponding to each sampling interval. If the phase difference and goodness of fit of a certain sampling interval both meet the set conditions, it is determined to be a region where the gray level changes periodically in the opposite direction with the circumferential angle. If the proportion of the periodic sinusoidal reverse change region is greater than the preset proportion, it is determined that there is a periodic reverse change region.

3. The online detection system for the cell wall breakage rate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of determining the number of jump loops by performing circumferential distribution characteristic analysis is as follows: Starting from the center of the spore along the radial direction, radial sampling points are sequentially divided with the minimum resolution of the imaging pixels as the fixed radial sampling step size. Calculate the average gray value of the polarization signal at each radial sampling point, perform gradient calculation and threshold comparison on the average gray value of the polarization signal, and determine the gradient peak point; If there are 0 gradient peaks, then the number of transition loops is 0; If there are two gradient peaks and the distance between the two gradient peaks is greater than a set distance threshold, then there are two transition loops, and the boundary between the two transition loops is defined based on the set value; otherwise, there is one.

4. The online detection system for the cell wall breakage rate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of calculating the gradient and comparing the threshold values ​​of the average grayscale value of the polarization signal to determine the gradient peak point is as follows: Calculate the difference between the average gray value of the polarization signal at the current radial sampling point and the average gray value of the polarization signal at the previous adjacent radial sampling point, and use the ratio of the difference to the fixed radial sampling step size as the radial gray gradient value of the current radial sampling point. Calculate the median of the absolute values ​​of the radial gray-level gradients and multiply it by a preset coefficient to obtain the radial gray-level gradient judgment threshold. If the absolute value of the radial gray-level gradient of the current radial sampling point is greater than the absolute values ​​of the two adjacent sampling points, and the absolute value of the radial gray-level gradient of the current radial sampling point is greater than or equal to the radial gray-level gradient determination threshold, then the current radial sampling point is marked as a gradient peak point.

5. The online detection system for the cell wall breakage rate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process for obtaining the classification results of unbroken, partially broken, or damaged primary screening spores is as follows: If the number of jump rings is 0, the classification result is damaged primary screening spores; If the number of jump rings is 1, the classification result is semi-broken cell wall primary screening spores; If the number of jump rings is 2, the classification result is unbroken cell wall primary screening spores.

6. The online detection system for the cell wall breakage rate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of performing circumferential grayscale feature analysis on the jumping rings of spores that have not been broken during the initial screening is as follows: The overlapping region is determined by superimposing the periodic reverse change region with the jump ring; If there is a non-zero circumferential interval between any two adjacent overlapping regions corresponding to the outermost jumping ring of the unbroken spore, it is determined to be a semi-broken spore; otherwise, it is determined to be an unbroken spore.

7. The online detection system for the cell wall breakage rate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of determining whether a spore is a damaged primary screening spore based on the number of breakpoints in the jump ring is as follows: Determine the overlapping region of the jump ring and the periodic reverse change region in the semi-broken cell wall primary screening spores; Compare the circumferential termination angle of the previous overlapping region with the circumferential starting angle of the next adjacent overlapping region. If there is a non-zero circumferential interval between the two angles, then there is a breakpoint. Calculate the total length of the non-zero circumferential intervals at all breakpoints, and then calculate the ratio of the total length to the total circumference of the transition ring profile. If the ratio is greater than the set ratio threshold, it is determined to be a damaged initial screening spore; otherwise, it is a semi-broken cell wall spore.

8. The online detection system for the cell wall breakage rate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of comparing the internal and external spectra of damaged, initially screened spores to determine whether they are valid cell-wall-broken spores is as follows: Determine the internal and outer detection areas of the spore; The characteristic spectral peaks of the effective components were selected as the benchmark characteristic spectral peaks from the full-band spectral data of all spatial sampling points within the spore's internal region. The full-band spectral data of all spatial sampling points in the outer detection area are matched with the reference characteristic spectral peaks in terms of peak position and peak shape to screen out spectral sampling points that are homologous to the reference characteristic spectral peaks. If, in a radial sequence from the inside out, the intensity of the characteristic peak of any two adjacent spectral sampling points is not greater than the intensity of the previous sampling point, and no intensity returns to zero, the damaged initial screening spores are determined to be effective cell wall-broken spores.

9. The online detection system for the cell wall breakage rate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder according to claim 8, characterized in that, The process of determining the internal region and the outer detection region of the spore is as follows: The circular region with the geometric center of the spore as the center and the average radial dimension corresponding to the inner boundary of the inner wall of the spore wall determined by polarization imaging detection of the same batch of unbroken spores as the radius is taken as the inner region of the spore. The outer detection area is defined by taking the outer boundary of the spore's internal region as the inner starting boundary and the outermost radial position where the characteristic spectral signal of the effective components of Ganoderma lucidum spores can be detected as the outer ending boundary.

10. An online detection method for the cell wall breakage rate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Circumferential grayscale feature analysis is performed on the parallel polarization signal and vertical polarization signal of the current spore. If there is no periodic reverse change region, it is determined to be a damaged initial screening spore. If there is a periodic reverse change region, then the number of jump rings is determined by circumferential distribution characteristic analysis, and the classification results of unbroken cell wall primary screening spores, semi-broken cell wall primary screening spores, or damaged cell wall primary screening spores are obtained. Circumferential grayscale feature analysis was performed on the jumping rings of the unbroken cell wall primary screening spores. If they were determined to be semi-broken cell wall primary screening spores, the number of breakpoints in the jumping rings was used to determine whether they were damaged primary screening spores. Compare the internal and external spectra of the damaged initial screening spores to determine whether they are effective cell wall broken spores; The ratio of the number of effectively broken spores to the total number of spores is calculated as the cell wall breakage rate of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder.

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