A modular multi-source collaborative charging and swapping protection system and method

Abstract

This application relates to a modular multi-source collaborative charging and swapping power supply system and method, belonging to the field of new energy power supply and battery charging and swapping power supply technology. It includes a modular cabin body, which integrates multi-source power supply modules, a bus hub unit, an emergency power supply module, modular charging and discharging maintenance boxes, modular insulation boxes, and an EMS energy management system. The power supply system adopts a DC bus architecture to achieve energy interaction. The bus hub unit is used to complete the collection and distribution of electrical energy between various functional modules. The EMS energy management system establishes communication connections with all controllable equipment and monitoring nodes in the system, realizing multi-source power scheduling, equipment status monitoring, and fault protection control. This application achieves integrated "power generation-energy storage-charging-swapping-insulation-emergency power supply," meeting the emergency power supply and on-site battery charging and swapping needs in various outdoor scenarios, and providing assurance for improving the battlefield mobility radius of electrical equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of new energy power supply and battery charging and swapping technology, and in particular to a modular multi-source collaborative charging and swapping protection system and method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of distributed energy technology, photovoltaic-energy storage-diesel hybrid microgrid systems have become an important technical approach to solve energy supply problems in remote areas, isolated islands, and emergency scenarios. Existing photovoltaic-energy storage-diesel microgrid systems typically adopt a basic architecture of "photovoltaic power generation unit + energy storage battery pack + diesel generator set" to achieve parallel operation of multiple energy sources through simple energy management strategies.

[0003] Currently, the PLA's equipment mainly uses lithium-ion batteries for power supply. In battlefield and outdoor emergency scenarios, the stability of the battery life of power-consuming equipment (such as communication equipment, reconnaissance equipment, etc.) directly determines the battlefield mobility radius of the equipment. Traditional charging systems have the following technical problems: 1) There are many types of batteries in the equipment, and each set of equipment needs to be equipped with a charging adapter. The function is single, there is no integrated battery charger to charge various types of batteries in batches, there is a lack of unified management, and the support capability is poor; 2) The number of spare batteries is small, the battery charging waiting time is long, which affects the execution of tasks. It is difficult to obtain power in the field and charging is difficult; 3) Traditional charging systems only have charging functions and no battery storage and fast battery swapping modules. In addition, traditional systems adopt a fixed architecture, which is difficult to expand and cannot meet the needs of portable equipment for "charging and swapping and batch maintenance". It is difficult to adapt to the dynamic power demand of emergency scenarios.

[0004] Existing systems typically configure battery charging equipment and emergency power supply equipment as two independent systems. There is still a technological gap in the support system for on-site battery replacement services. In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, there is an urgent need for a modular multi-source collaborative charging and swapping support system that can provide charging, maintenance, swapping services and energy supply for equipment batteries, mainly for on-site replacement services of various types of in-service batteries. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to achieve integrated power generation, energy storage, charging, battery swapping, insulation and emergency power supply, meet the emergency power supply and on-site battery charging and swapping needs in multiple outdoor scenarios, and provide a guarantee for improving the battlefield mobility radius of power equipment, this application provides a modular multi-source collaborative charging and swapping guarantee system and guarantee method.

[0006] Firstly, the modular multi-source collaborative charging and swapping power supply system provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: A modular multi-source collaborative charging and swapping power supply system includes a container body, which integrates a multi-source power supply module, a bus hub unit, an emergency power supply module, a modular charging and discharging maintenance box, a modular insulation box, and an EMS energy management system. The system adopts a DC bus architecture to achieve energy interaction. The bus hub unit is used to complete the collection and distribution of power between various functional modules. The EMS energy management system establishes communication connections with all controllable equipment and monitoring nodes in the system to realize multi-source power scheduling, equipment status monitoring, and fault protection control.

[0007] Preferably, the multi-source power supply module includes mains power, a diesel generator system, an ATS automatic transfer switch, an AC / DC rectifier, photovoltaic modules and an MPPT photovoltaic controller, and an energy storage system; the ATS automatic transfer switch realizes the switching between mains power and the diesel generator system; the photovoltaic modules are connected to the bus after maximum power point tracking by the MPPT photovoltaic controller, and the energy storage system consists of multiple energy storage battery modules.

[0008] Preferably, the bus hub unit includes a main DC bus 1 and a secondary DC bus 2. The main DC bus 1 is connected to the output terminals of an AC / DC rectifier, an MPPT photovoltaic controller, and an energy storage system. The secondary DC bus 2 is connected to a DC / DC converter and is connected to the main DC bus 1 via the DC / DC converter.

[0009] Preferably, the emergency power supply module includes an AC load power supply branch, a DC direct supply branch, and a DC graded conversion power supply branch; the DC / AC inverter of the AC load power supply branch is equipped with a bypass switching contactor, the AC load power supply branch is connected to an AC bus, and the AC bus draws power directly from the ATS automatic transfer switch; the DC direct supply branch draws power directly from the main DC bus 1; the DC graded conversion power supply branch supplies power to the secondary DC bus 2 after being stepped down by a DC / DC converter, and each branch can be expanded to have multiple parallel output interfaces.

[0010] Preferably, the modular charging and discharging maintenance box is rigidly connected to the secondary DC bus 2, and has a built-in multi-channel charging and discharging module and a mechanical locking mechanism. The modular charging and discharging maintenance box is also equipped with a quick-connect cable and is independently powered by a DC power supply of the same voltage level. The number of modular charging and discharging maintenance boxes can be dynamically increased or decreased according to task requirements. The bidirectional charging and discharging module of the modular charging and discharging maintenance box communicates with the EMS energy management system through the CAN bus, and then uploads the working status, battery fault information and temperature data. The modular charging and discharging maintenance box independently completes constant current / constant voltage charging, constant current / constant power discharging and working status indication.

[0011] Preferably, the modular insulated junction box is a drawer-type structure of the same size as the modular charging and discharging maintenance junction box. The modular insulated junction box is equipped with casters at the bottom and can be inserted into the corresponding compartment of the cabinet. The input end of the modular insulated junction box is connected to the AC bus, and the internal components include a PTC heating module, a temperature controller, and a temperature sensor. Each modular insulated junction box has its power supply circuit independently configured with a remotely controllable circuit breaker.

[0012] Preferably, the EMS energy management system includes a power supply module, a main controller, a human-machine interface, a communication module, and a drive module. The EMS energy management system collects the voltage and current parameters of the mains power, diesel generator system, photovoltaic modules, energy storage system, and each bus in real time, and schedules the output of each power supply unit according to a preset priority. The EMS energy management system performs protection actions and issues fault warning signals when abnormal operating conditions occur.

[0013] Secondly, this application also provides a protection method for a modular multi-source collaborative charging and swapping protection system, which adopts the following technical solution. A guarantee method for a modular multi-source collaborative charging and swapping system includes the following steps: S1: Assemble the modular modules according to the scenario requirements, initialize and detect the status and temperature of each module; S2: Start the photovoltaic modules, diesel generator system, or mains power access submodule to convert electrical energy into DC power and connect it to the DC bus; S3: The EMS energy management system executes preset mode power dispatch, automatically switching between four power supply modes: photovoltaic priority, energy storage supplement, grid power / diesel power generation emergency, and bypass high efficiency. At the same time, it unloads non-core loads in stages according to the system power margin, prioritizing the core functions of charging and swapping. S4: Charging and swapping service execution: Secondary DC bus 2 distributes DC power to multiple modular charging and discharging maintenance boxes to complete batch charging, batch maintenance and rapid battery swapping of portable equipment batteries. Fully charged batteries are transferred to modular insulated boxes for constant temperature storage, and empty batteries are placed in modular charging and discharging maintenance boxes for immediate charging. S5: Full-process monitoring and protection of the system. The EMS energy management system collects the operating parameters of each device and the charging and discharging status of the battery throughout the process, records the charging and swapping data, and quickly executes protection actions and issues fault warnings for abnormal system conditions, realizing closed-loop management of the entire process.

[0014] Preferably, in step S3, the photovoltaic priority power supply mode is as follows: when the photovoltaic output is greater than or equal to the total power of the charging and swapping load, the photovoltaic power directly supplies the modular charging and discharging maintenance box, and the surplus power charges the energy storage system to the set SOC threshold. After the energy storage is fully charged, it only maintains the power supply to the load. The energy storage supplementary power supply mode is as follows: when the photovoltaic output is less than the total power of the charging and swapping load and the energy storage SOC is higher than the set threshold, the energy storage system discharges and the photovoltaic module power works together to supply the modular charging and discharging maintenance box.

[0015] Preferably, in step S4, batch charging involves the modular charge-discharge maintenance box performing constant current / constant voltage charging on the batteries to be charged, and the battery number and SOC information are uploaded to the EMS energy management system in real time during battery charging; batch maintenance involves the modular charge-discharge maintenance box performing constant current / constant power discharge maintenance on the batteries to be maintained, and the EMS energy management system records the battery number, SOC, and health status.

[0016] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. This application integrates a multi-source power supply module, a modular charging and swapping maintenance box, an EMS energy management module, a modular insulation box, and an emergency power supply module into the main body of the container, thereby achieving the integrated fusion of charging and swapping protection and emergency power supply functions; 2. This application adopts a standard cabinet and modular stacking design, which supports flexible expansion and rapid maintenance. The charging and maintenance box supports batch charging, and the battery swapping module enables rapid battery swapping, thereby improving system mobility. 3. This application provides battery thermal management to ensure the equipment battery's ability to operate over a wide temperature range. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is an overall topology diagram of a modular multi-source collaborative charging and swapping power supply system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the modular charging and discharging box according to an embodiment of this application.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical connections of the protection system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the protection method of a modular multi-source collaborative charging and swapping protection system according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-4 This application will be described in further detail.

[0022] This application discloses a modular multi-source collaborative charging and swapping power supply system. (Refer to...) Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3 The system includes a modular cabin body, which integrates a multi-source power supply module, a bus hub unit, an emergency power supply module, a modular charging and discharging maintenance box, a modular insulation box, and an EMS energy management system. In this embodiment, the system uses a DC bus architecture to achieve energy exchange. The bus hub unit is used to complete the collection and distribution of electrical energy between various functional modules. The EMS energy management system establishes communication connections with all controllable equipment and monitoring nodes in the system to realize multi-source power scheduling, equipment status monitoring, and fault protection control.

[0023] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The multi-source power supply module consists of mains power, a diesel generator system, an ATS automatic transfer switch, an AC / DC rectifier, photovoltaic modules and an MPPT photovoltaic controller, and an energy storage system. The bus hub unit includes a main DC bus 1 and a secondary DC bus 2. The main DC bus 1 is connected to the output terminals of the AC / DC rectifier, the MPPT photovoltaic controller, and the energy storage system. The secondary DC bus 2 is connected to a DC / DC converter and is connected to the main DC bus 1 via the DC / DC converter. This embodiment adopts a standardized design concept, modularly designing the charging and discharging maintenance box and the insulation box, and dividing the power supply into an energy storage system area, a diesel generator area, and a photovoltaic installation area. The functional modules are organically integrated and achieve power interaction through the DC bus.

[0024] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The main AC power supply serves as the primary AC power source for the system, while the diesel generator serves as an emergency backup power source in case of mains power failure. The two are redundantly switched via an ATS automatic transfer switch, which provides both electrical and mechanical interlocks. The ATS automatic transfer switch is connected to the mains power inlet and the diesel generator outlet, respectively. The secondary side is connected to the AC input side of the AC / DC rectifier. The mains power and the diesel generator are connected to the corresponding 1L / 1N and 2L / 2N interfaces of the ATS via interfaces 1XS and 2XS, respectively. Molded case circuit breakers (QF1 and QF2) are configured on the incoming circuit side as the main protection against short circuits and overloads. HG1 and HG2 indicator lights are also connected in parallel on the incoming circuit side as power input indicators. The ATS outgoing line side is equipped with surge protectors (SPDs) to suppress overvoltage impacts on the power grid and generator output; at the same time, voltage transformers and current transformers (ITAs) are configured to collect the voltage and current parameters of the output AC power supply in real time and upload them to the EMS energy management system; in this embodiment, the diesel generator set of the diesel power generation system has a rated power of ≥6kW, a rated voltage of 230V, and electrical performance indicators that are not lower than the requirements of GJB235BⅡ class indicators.

[0025] In this embodiment, the ATS equipment has functions such as real-time monitoring of mains power / generator status, "disconnect-then-close" switching, and start-stop linkage of the diesel generator system. When the mains power experiences abnormal conditions such as power outage, undervoltage, or overvoltage, the ATS first disconnects the mains power side power contact and simultaneously sends a start signal to the diesel generator system. After the diesel generator outputs stable AC power at the mains frequency, the ATS closes the generator side contact, completing a seamless switch from mains power to diesel generator, ensuring the continuity of AC input. When the mains power returns to normal, the ATS automatically switches back to the mains power side, and the system returns to the normal power supply mode. The stable AC power after switching by the ATS is sent to the AC / DC rectifier to complete the AC / DC power conversion, converting the AC power into the rated voltage of the main DC bus 1. The main DC bus 1 provides the system with stable and controllable DC power.

[0026] In this embodiment, the AC / DC rectifier adopts a single-phase controllable rectifier topology, with an EMI filter unit at the front end to suppress harmonic interference; a smoothing reactor and a buffer capacitor are configured on the DC side to stabilize the DC output voltage of 48V; a DC fuse (ZFU1) is configured on the output side, and the AC / DC rectifier power is ≥6kW.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The photovoltaic (PV) modules and MPPT PV controller are the core inputs for renewable energy. The DC power generated by the PV modules is fed through the input interface 3XS, circuit breaker BK1, and PV controller for maximum power point tracking, and then connected to the main DC bus 1 via fuse ZFU2. The PV modules are integrated into the main body of the container in a foldable, retractable form; once unfolded and secured, they can capture solar energy. The MPPT PV controller input side is equipped with a DC circuit breaker and a reverse protection diode to prevent reverse breakdown of the PV modules and backflow of power. The MPPT controller's operating parameters are uploaded to the EMS system. The PV power generation is ≥3kWp, the system operating voltage is 82V, the interconnection connectors between modules are MC4 connectors, and the PV module efficiency (effective area) is ≥18.5% (AM1.5, 25℃ 1000W / m²). 2 Photovoltaic cell efficiency (effective area) ≥20% (AM1.5, 25℃ 1000W / m²) 2 ).

[0028] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic module and the MPPT photovoltaic controller are important components of the multi-source power supply module of the system. The photovoltaic module converts solar energy into fluctuating DC power. After being regulated and adjusted by the MPPT photovoltaic controller, the stable DC power is directly connected to the main DC bus 1 to provide new energy power input for the system.

[0029] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3The energy storage system mainly includes the chassis, battery modules, high-voltage control section, BMS, etc. The battery modules are used to store energy, and the high-voltage control section includes connectors, protection units, etc., used to receive command and control from the upper level for charging and discharging control. Each energy storage battery module is composed of 2 parallel and 16 series lithium iron phosphate cells, with an independent BMS control board, PDU unit, control and communication interface, and has overcharge, over-discharge, overcurrent, short circuit protection functions for the battery, and can communicate with the EMS energy management system.

[0030] In this embodiment, the battery module has a nominal capacity of 60Ah, a nominal voltage of 51.2V, and an energy storage capacity (at room temperature) of ≥3kWh; the entire energy storage system consists of no more than 10 battery modules (ESSM1-ESSMn), and the maximum output power of a single energy storage battery unit is ≥1.5kW; when multiple battery modules are used in parallel, different battery modules can be distinguished by hardware address.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The bus hub unit is the core of the system's energy collection and distribution. Among them, the main DC bus 1 is the energy collection center of the system. Its voltage is 48V. The DC output terminals of the AC / DC rectifier and MPPT photovoltaic controller are connected to this bus. The energy storage system is also bidirectionally interconnected with this bus. The main DC bus 1 realizes the collection of input power from the multi-source power supply module system and the distribution of load power. It directly provides power input to the DC / AC inverter, DC direct supply load (DC backup interface 4XS), and DC / DC converter. The main DC bus 1 is equipped with branch DC protection devices corresponding to each connected branch to achieve branch-level fault isolation. A single branch fault does not affect the normal operation of the bus and other branches.

[0032] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 Secondary DC bus 2 is a dedicated distribution bus for DC loads in the system, with a voltage of 24V. Its power is supplied by the main DC bus 1 after voltage conversion by a DC / DC converter. It provides a unified power supply platform specifically for DC loads that are compatible with this voltage level, realizing hierarchical power supply for DC loads. In this embodiment, secondary DC bus 2 adopts a copper plate structure and is vertically arranged on the back of the cabinet. Standardized DC connectors are set for the power supply and communication interfaces of the modular charging and discharging maintenance box. When the box is inserted, electrical connection can be automatically completed, realizing plug and play.

[0033] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3The emergency power supply module includes three independent branches: an AC load power supply branch, a DC direct supply branch, and a DC graded conversion power supply branch. The AC load power supply branch is composed of a DC / DC inverter and an AC bus. In this embodiment, the AC load power supply branch, the DC direct supply branch, and the DC graded conversion power supply branch correspond to the AC backup interface, DC backup interface 1, and DC backup interface 2, respectively.

[0034] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The DC input terminal of the DC / AC inverter is electrically connected to the main DC bus 1 via circuit breaker BK2, and the AC output terminal is electrically connected to the AC bus. It is used to invert DC power into AC power with a rated voltage of 230V and a rated frequency of 50Hz. The DC / AC inverter also inverts 48V DC power into AC power. The AC bus is equipped with voltage and current acquisition devices, and the acquired signals are uploaded to the EMS energy management system. The AC backup interface is a standard 10A output socket. Preferably, multiple AC backup interfaces can be connected in parallel to easily adapt to multiple electrical devices that draw power from the AC frequency.

[0035] Preferably, the DC / AC inverter is equipped with a bypass switching contactor. The incoming side of the bypass switching contactor is electrically connected to the outgoing side of the ATS automatic transfer switch, and the outgoing side is electrically connected to the AC bus. The control terminal of the bypass switching contactor is communicatively connected to the EMS energy management system. When the EMS detects that the photovoltaic system is not outputting power and the ATS is outputting stable AC power at the industrial frequency, it controls the bypass switching contactor to close, the DC / AC inverter stops working, and the AC bus directly obtains power from the ATS, avoiding the losses from the two power conversions of AC / DC rectification and DC / AC inversion, thus improving system operating efficiency.

[0036] The input end of the DC direct supply branch is directly electrically connected to the 48V main DC bus 1, and the output end is the DC backup interface 1 (4XS). The output DC voltage is 48V, and the DC direct supply branch is equipped with a DC circuit breaker BK41.

[0037] Preferably, the DC direct supply branch can be expanded and connected in parallel to provide power to electrical equipment with the appropriate voltage level.

[0038] In the DC-DC graded conversion power supply branch, the input terminal of the DC / DC converter is electrically connected to the 48V main DC bus 1, and the output terminal is electrically connected to the secondary DC bus 2. The DC / DC converter adopts an isolated Buck step-down topology to convert the 48V DC power from the main DC bus 1 into a 24V low-voltage DC load-compatible rated voltage.

[0039] Preferably, multiple DC / DC converters can be connected in parallel. The input side is equipped with multiple DC circuit breakers (BK31, BK32~BK3n) and multiple shunts (FLQ1, FLQ2~FLQn), and the output side is equipped with multiple fuses (ZFU31, ZFU32~ZFU3n). The circuit breakers and shunts are connected to the energy management system for unified management and control.

[0040] Preferably, the secondary DC direct supply branch leads out a DC backup interface 2 (5XS) with an output voltage of 24V. It can be expanded to connect multiple DC backup interfaces 2 in parallel. The input side is equipped with multiple DC circuit breakers (BK51~BK5n). The circuit breakers are connected to the energy management system for unified management and control, and power supply is provided to electrical equipment with the appropriate voltage level.

[0041] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The modular charging and discharging maintenance module uses a standardized DC connector for input. The module itself is designed with a standardized configuration, powered uniformly from the main DC bus 1 via a DC / AC inverter. It integrates charging and discharging modules for the main types of in-service batteries and is equipped with battery-compatible charging and discharging sockets to support charging and discharging operations. In charging mode, it draws power from the system's secondary DC bus 2 to charge the in-service battery packs using constant current and constant voltage methods. In discharging mode, it discharges the in-service battery packs using constant current and constant power methods, enabling centralized charging, maintenance, and intelligent management of various battery types. Each battery charging and discharging socket operates independently, automatically completing battery charging and discharging operations and indicating operating status, providing charging and maintenance support for the batteries in each unit's equipment.

[0042] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The modular charging and discharging maintenance box has a built-in cooling fan, forming a forced air cooling channel to dissipate heat from the discharge module. The box panel has a mechanical locking mechanism, preventing it from being pulled out when the system indicates charging. The modular charging and discharging maintenance box adopts a standard size design and is integrated into a cabinet. The cabinet has multiple horizontal mounting rails inside, supporting the stacking and insertion of modules. The secondary DC bus 2 is arranged vertically along the back of the cabinet. Each charging and discharging maintenance box is rigidly connected to the secondary DC bus 2 via a DC connector. The electrical connection is automatically completed when the box is inserted, without the need for additional wiring, achieving plug-and-play electrical connection, which can greatly improve portability and mobility efficiency. In this embodiment, the number of modules (n) of the modular charging and discharging maintenance box can be increased or decreased according to task requirements to achieve dynamic configuration of system capacity.

[0043] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3The working status, battery fault information, and temperature data of each modular charging and discharging maintenance box are transmitted to the EMS energy management system via CAN communication. The energy management system can realize the start and stop control of the power supply of the box, the display of information status and fault alarms, and achieve coordinated operation with the multi-source power supply modules such as photovoltaic, energy storage, and diesel power generation system of the protection system.

[0044] Preferably, the power supply circuit of the charging and discharging maintenance box is equipped with multiple indicator lights (HG31, HG32...HG3n). When the input side of the box is powered, the indicator lights will illuminate to remind the user.

[0045] Preferably, the charging and discharging maintenance box is also equipped with quick-connect cables, which can operate independently completely detached from the cabinet. It can be directly powered by batteries of the same voltage level, vehicle DC power supplies or other DC power supplies, making it suitable for mobile charging and swapping scenarios and greatly improving the system deployment flexibility and emergency response speed.

[0046] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The modular insulated junction box connects to the AC busbar of the protection system. The AC busbar is powered by the main DC busbar 1 via a DC / AC inverter. The modular insulated junction box adopts a standardized drawer-type structure. Each junction box is an independent functional unit, and the number (n) can be configured according to the task requirements. Similar to the modular charging and discharging maintenance junction box, the modular insulated junction box is equipped with casters at the bottom and is inserted into the cabinet as an independent module. The junction box has a built-in PTC heating module and works in conjunction with a temperature controller. When the temperature inside the box is <5℃, heating is started, and when the temperature inside the box is >30℃, heating is stopped.

[0047] Preferably, each modular insulated box is equipped with an independent remotely controllable circuit breaker (QF41, QF42~QF4n) for its power supply circuit. The control terminal of the remotely controllable circuit breaker is connected to the EMS energy management system. The EMS can monitor the operating power of each insulated box in real time. When the system power is tight, it can remotely disconnect the power supply of non-emergency boxes to prioritize the power supply of core loads.

[0048] In this embodiment, the charging / discharging box provides charging or maintenance diagnostic functions for the battery, while the insulated box provides a suitable storage environment for the battery. The user removes a depleted or maintenance-needing battery from the electrical equipment, places it in the corresponding charging socket of the charging / discharging box, sets the corresponding charging / maintenance mode, and the charging / discharging box automatically charges / maintains the battery. Once the battery is fully charged / maintained, the user moves it to the corresponding model-specific insulated box. When the ambient temperature is below 0°C, the EMS energy management system controls or manually switches the insulated box to operate in heating mode, activating the heating function. The user can then remove the depleted, low-temperature battery from the electrical equipment and place it in the insulated box for preheating, and simultaneously remove the preheated, fully charged battery from the insulated box and install it into the electrical equipment for continued use. This achieves a streamlined operation of "cold battery preheating and hot battery replacement," shortening battery swapping waiting time.

[0049] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The EMS (Energy Management System) is the core of the system's control and scheduling, comprising a power module, main controller, human-machine interface, and communication module. Through the communication module, it establishes connections with all controllable devices and monitoring nodes throughout the system, collecting real-time operating parameters of mains power, diesel generators, photovoltaic power, and energy storage, as well as the voltage, current, and power of each bus and the operating status of each load. Through hardware and software design, it achieves functions such as data acquisition, calculation, display, storage, and querying of operating data from each device. It establishes communication with the energy storage battery system, collecting and monitoring the charging process of each battery pack, collecting charging and discharging information from modular charging and discharging maintenance boxes, displaying remaining resources in charging bays, quickly locating target charging bays and target batteries, and coordinating the output of each power unit according to preset control priorities (i.e., "photovoltaic first, energy storage second, mains / diesel generator emergency power supply"). For system overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, short circuit, and power abnormality conditions, it quickly executes corresponding protection actions and issues fault warning signals to maximize the safety of the system and loads.

[0050] The implementation principle of the modular multi-source collaborative charging and swapping power supply system in this application embodiment is as follows: This application realizes intelligent collaborative scheduling of multi-source power through the EMS energy management system, maximizes the absorption of photovoltaic renewable energy, and significantly improves the continuity and reliability of system power supply through multi-mode power supply strategy and load hierarchical protection mechanism; it realizes closed-loop service of batch charging, maintenance and rapid battery swapping of portable equipment batteries, and completes the charging and swapping power supply guarantee from multi-source power generation to emergency power supply. The system has strong adaptability and practicality and can be widely used in field operations, emergency support and other scenarios without fixed power supply.

[0051] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4This application also provides a protection method for a modular multi-source collaborative charging and swapping system, comprising the following steps: S1: Assemble the modular modules according to the scenario requirements, initialize and detect the status and temperature of each module.

[0052] S2: Start the photovoltaic modules, diesel generator system, or mains power access submodule to convert electrical energy into DC power and connect it to the DC bus.

[0053] S3: The EMS energy management system executes preset power dispatch modes, automatically switching between four power supply modes: photovoltaic priority, energy storage supplement, grid power / diesel power emergency, and bypass high efficiency. At the same time, it unloads non-core loads in stages according to the system power margin, prioritizing the core functions of charging and swapping.

[0054] Specifically, the photovoltaic priority power supply mode is as follows: when the photovoltaic output is greater than or equal to the total power of the charging and swapping load, the photovoltaic power directly supplies the modular charging and discharging maintenance box, and the surplus power charges the energy storage system to the set SOC threshold. After the energy storage is fully charged, it only maintains the power supply to the load. The energy storage supplementary power supply mode is as follows: when the photovoltaic output is less than the total power of the charging and swapping load and the energy storage SOC is higher than the set threshold, the energy storage system discharges and the photovoltaic module power works together to supply power to the modular charging and discharging maintenance box.

[0055] Four working modes: Photovoltaic priority power supply mode: When the photovoltaic output is detected to be greater than or equal to the total power of the charging and swapping load, the photovoltaic power is controlled to be directly supplied to the charging and maintenance unit through the DC bus. The excess power is charged to the energy storage module after being managed by the BMS until the energy storage module reaches 90% of its rated SOC. If the photovoltaic output continues to exceed the load demand, after the energy storage module is fully charged, the EMS controls the energy storage system BMS to stop charging and only maintain the power supply to the load.

[0056] Energy storage supplementary power supply mode: When the EMS detects that the photovoltaic output is less than the total power of the charging and swapping load, and the SOC of the energy storage system is greater than or equal to 20%, it triggers the energy storage module to discharge, which works in conjunction with the photovoltaic power to supply power to the charging and discharging maintenance box, ensuring the continuity of power supply to the load; the BMS monitors the discharge current and voltage of the energy storage module in real time.

[0057] Emergency power supply mode: Mains power / diesel generator: When the EMS detects that the photovoltaic output plus the energy storage system discharge power is less than the total power of the charging and swapping load, or that the energy storage system SOC is less than 20% on cloudy / rainy days or at night, the diesel generator starts (or the mains power is connected), controls the ATS automatic transfer switch to switch to diesel generator (or mains power), supplies power to the DC bus through the AC / DC rectifier module, and simultaneously replenishes the energy storage system until the energy storage module reaches 90% of its rated SOC. At this point, the EMS controls the diesel generator (or mains power) to stop charging the energy storage and only maintains power supply to the load.

[0058] Bypass mode: When the EMS detects that the photovoltaic system is not outputting power and the ATS is outputting stable AC power at the power frequency, it controls the bypass switching contactor to close, the DC / AC inverter stops working, and the AC bus directly obtains power from the ATS, avoiding the losses of repeated power conversion and improving the system operating efficiency.

[0059] S4: Charging and swapping service execution: Secondary DC bus 2 distributes DC power to multiple modular charging and discharging maintenance boxes to complete batch charging, batch maintenance and rapid battery swapping of portable equipment batteries. Fully charged batteries are transferred to modular insulated boxes for constant temperature storage, and empty batteries are placed in modular charging and discharging maintenance boxes for immediate charging.

[0060] Specifically, the batch charging process: The DC power from secondary DC bus 2 is distributed to N sets of charging and discharging boxes. When the corresponding battery to be charged is placed in the box, the charging circuit inside the box is activated to charge the battery of the portable device. The EMS system collects the charging current and voltage data of each charging and discharging box in real time. When the battery is detected to be fully charged, the battery charging and discharging box stops charging and uploads the charging information to the EMS system to record the battery number and SOC. An indicator light will then indicate that charging is complete.

[0061] Batch maintenance process: The DC power from secondary DC bus 2 is distributed to N groups of charging and discharging boxes. When the corresponding battery to be maintained is placed in the charging box, the discharging / charging circuit inside the charging box is activated to discharge and maintain the battery of the portable equipment placed in the box. The EMS system collects the current and voltage data of each charging and discharging box in real time. When the battery maintenance is detected to be completed, the battery charging and discharging card stops maintenance and uploads the charging and discharging information to the EMS system to record the battery number, SOC and health status of the maintained battery, and reminds the user of the maintenance completion through indicator lights.

[0062] Quick battery swapping process: A fully charged battery is transferred from the charging drawer to the battery storage unit. When the portable device needs a battery swap, a fully charged battery is taken directly from the battery insulation compartment to complete the swap, and an empty battery is placed in the charging / discharging compartment for recharging.

[0063] S5: Full-process system monitoring and protection. The EMS energy management system collects the operating parameters of each device and the charging and discharging status of the battery throughout the process, records the charging and swapping data, and quickly executes protection actions and issues fault warnings for abnormal system conditions, realizing closed-loop management of the entire process.

[0064] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A modular multi-source collaborative charging and swapping power supply system, characterized in that: The system includes a modular container body, which integrates a multi-source power supply module, a bus hub unit, an emergency power supply module, a modular charging and discharging maintenance box, a modular insulation box, and an EMS energy management system. The system adopts a DC bus architecture to achieve energy interaction. The bus hub unit is used to complete the collection and distribution of power between various functional modules. The EMS energy management system establishes communication connections with all controllable equipment and monitoring nodes in the system to realize multi-source power scheduling, equipment status monitoring, and fault protection control.

2. The modular multi-source collaborative charging and swapping power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-source power supply module includes mains power, a diesel generator system, an ATS automatic transfer switch, an AC / DC rectifier, photovoltaic modules and an MPPT photovoltaic controller, and an energy storage system; the ATS automatic transfer switch realizes the switching between mains power and the diesel generator system; the photovoltaic modules are connected to the bus after maximum power point tracking by the MPPT photovoltaic controller, and the energy storage system consists of multiple energy storage battery modules.

3. The modular multi-source collaborative charging and swapping power supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bus hub unit includes a main DC bus 1 and a secondary DC bus 2. The main DC bus 1 is connected to the output terminals of an AC / DC rectifier, an MPPT photovoltaic controller, and an energy storage system. The secondary DC bus 2 is connected to a DC / DC converter and is connected to the main DC bus 1 via the DC / DC converter.

4. The modular multi-source collaborative charging and swapping power supply system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The emergency power supply module includes an AC load power supply branch, a DC direct supply branch, and a DC graded conversion power supply branch. The DC / AC inverter of the AC load power supply branch is equipped with a bypass switching contactor. The AC load power supply branch is connected to an AC bus, which draws power directly from the ATS automatic transfer switch. The DC direct supply branch draws power directly from the main DC bus 1. The DC graded conversion power supply branch supplies power to the secondary DC bus 2 after being stepped down by a DC / DC converter. Each branch can be expanded to have multiple parallel output interfaces.

5. A modular multi-source collaborative charging and swapping power supply system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The modular charging and discharging maintenance box is rigidly connected to the secondary DC bus 2, and has a built-in multi-channel charging and discharging module and a mechanical locking mechanism. The modular charging and discharging maintenance box is also equipped with a quick-connect cable and is independently powered by a DC power supply of the same voltage level. The number of modular charging and discharging maintenance boxes can be dynamically increased or decreased according to task requirements. The bidirectional charging and discharging module of the modular charging and discharging maintenance box communicates with the EMS energy management system through the CAN bus, and then uploads the working status, battery fault information and temperature data. The modular charging and discharging maintenance box can independently complete constant current / constant voltage charging, constant current / constant power discharging and working status indication.

6. The modular multi-source collaborative charging and swapping power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The modular insulated junction box is a drawer-type structure of the same size as the modular charging and discharging maintenance junction box. The modular insulated junction box is equipped with casters at the bottom and can be inserted into the corresponding compartment of the cabinet. The input end of the modular insulated junction box is connected to the AC bus. It integrates a PTC heating module, a temperature controller and a temperature sensor. The power supply circuit of each modular insulated junction box is independently configured with a remotely controllable circuit breaker.

7. A modular multi-source collaborative charging and swapping power supply system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The EMS energy management system includes a power module, a main controller, a human-machine interface, a communication module, and a drive module. The EMS energy management system collects the voltage and current parameters of the mains power, diesel generator system, photovoltaic modules, energy storage system, and each bus in real time, and schedules the output of each power unit according to a preset priority. The EMS energy management system performs protection actions and issues fault warning signals when abnormal operating conditions occur.

8. A guarantee method for a modular multi-source collaborative charging and swapping guarantee system, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Assemble the modular modules according to the scenario requirements, initialize and detect the status and temperature of each module; S2: Start the photovoltaic modules, diesel generator system, or mains power access submodule to convert electrical energy into DC power and connect it to the DC bus; S3: The EMS energy management system executes preset mode power dispatch, automatically switching between four power supply modes: photovoltaic priority, energy storage supplement, grid power / diesel power generation emergency, and bypass high efficiency. At the same time, it unloads non-core loads in stages according to the system power margin, prioritizing the core functions of charging and swapping. S4: Charging and swapping service execution: Secondary DC bus 2 distributes DC power to multiple modular charging and discharging maintenance boxes to complete batch charging, batch maintenance and rapid battery swapping of portable equipment batteries. Fully charged batteries are transferred to modular insulated boxes for constant temperature storage, and empty batteries are placed in modular charging and discharging maintenance boxes for immediate charging. S5: Full-process monitoring and protection of the system. The EMS energy management system collects the operating parameters of each device and the charging and discharging status of the battery throughout the process, records the charging and swapping data, and quickly executes protection actions and issues fault warnings for abnormal system conditions, realizing closed-loop management of the entire process.

9. The guarantee method for a modular multi-source collaborative charging and swapping guarantee system according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S3, the photovoltaic priority power supply mode is as follows: when the photovoltaic output is greater than or equal to the total power of the charging and swapping load, the photovoltaic power is directly supplied to the modular charging and discharging maintenance box, and the surplus power is used to charge the energy storage system to the set SOC threshold. After the energy storage is fully charged, it only maintains the power supply to the load. The energy storage supplementary power supply mode is as follows: when the photovoltaic output is less than the total power of the charging and swapping load and the energy storage SOC is higher than the set threshold, the energy storage system discharges and the photovoltaic module power is used in conjunction to supply power to the modular charging and discharging maintenance box.

10. The guarantee method for a modular multi-source collaborative charging and swapping guarantee system according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S4, the batch charging process involves the modular charging and discharging maintenance box performing constant current / constant voltage charging on the batteries to be charged. The battery number and SOC information are uploaded to the EMS energy management system in real time during the charging process. Batch maintenance involves the modular charge-discharge maintenance box performing constant current / constant power discharge maintenance on the batteries to be maintained. The EMS energy management system records the battery number, SOC, and health status.

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