A low voltage power distribution system

Abstract

This invention discloses a low-voltage power distribution system. The system includes a first DC power supply, a second DC power supply, and multiple area control modules connected in series between the first and second DC power supplies. In each area control module, a first electronic switch unit is connected between a first interface and an internal power supply contact; a second electronic switch unit is connected between a second interface and the internal power supply contact. A power distribution drive unit utilizes the power from the internal power supply contact to provide secondary power distribution and / or drive for low-voltage electrical appliances within the corresponding area. A control unit performs status control and fault diagnosis on the first electronic switch unit, the second electronic switch unit, and the power distribution drive unit, achieving redundant power supply for on-board low-voltage electrical appliances. In the event of a power supply failure, the system utilizes the other power supply. Furthermore, in the event of a failure in any area control module, both power supplies are used to supply power to devices on either side of the failure point, preventing the failure point from affecting the power supply to other devices and improving the system's power supply reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the automotive field, and more particularly to a low-voltage power distribution system. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous advancement of technology and the rapid development of society, new technologies and products have emerged in the automotive industry. Against this backdrop, in order to effectively improve the user experience, the types of in-vehicle low-voltage electrical appliances have been continuously enriched, and the number installed per vehicle has also shown an increasing trend. This has brought enormous challenges to in-vehicle low-voltage power distribution systems.

[0003] In existing technologies, vehicle-mounted low-voltage power distribution systems mostly use Power Net Guardian (PNG) modules or Power Distribution Control (PDC) modules to manage and control the power distribution lines that combine the DC high-voltage to DC low-voltage converter (DCDC converter) with the low-voltage battery.

[0004] However, since the PNG module (or PDC module) is the central hub of the low-voltage power distribution system, if it fails, the related circuits of the DC-DC converter and the low-voltage battery will be affected. This results in low reliability of the vehicle's low-voltage power distribution system and affects the vehicle's safety. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a low-voltage power distribution system to improve the power supply reliability of the system and the safety of the vehicle.

[0006] This invention provides a low-voltage power distribution system for use in automobiles. The low-voltage power distribution system includes: a first DC power supply, a second DC power supply, and a plurality of area control modules connected in series between the first DC power supply and the second DC power supply.

[0007] The area control module includes a first interface, a second interface, an internal power supply contact, a first electronic switch unit, a second electronic switch unit, a control unit, and a power distribution drive unit;

[0008] The first end of the first electronic switch unit is connected to the first interface, and the second end is connected to the internal power supply contact; the first end of the second electronic switch unit is connected to the second interface, and the second end is connected to the internal power supply contact.

[0009] The power distribution drive unit is also connected to the internal power supply contact. The power distribution drive unit is used to use the power supply of the internal power supply contact to perform secondary power distribution and / or drive for low-voltage electrical appliances in the corresponding area.

[0010] The control unit is connected to the internal power supply contact, the first electronic switch unit, the second electronic switch unit, and the power distribution drive unit, respectively; the control unit is used to perform status control and fault diagnosis on the first electronic switch unit, the second electronic switch unit, and the power distribution drive unit;

[0011] After the first DC power supply and / or the second DC power supply are started, the first and second electronic switch units, which are turned off, respectively use the body diode characteristics of their internal field-effect transistors to provide startup power to the control unit; after startup, the control unit controls the first and second electronic switch units to turn on, providing operating power to the power distribution drive unit.

[0012] Optionally, the electronic switching unit includes: a field-effect transistor and a drive fuse circuit;

[0013] The field-effect transistor is disposed between the first and second terminals of the electronic switching unit;

[0014] The driving fuse circuit is connected to the gate of the field-effect transistor and the control unit respectively. The driving fuse circuit is used to drive the field-effect transistor to switch on and off according to the control signal of the control unit.

[0015] The control unit is also connected to the first end of each of the two electronic switch units; the control unit is used to send a conduction control signal to the drive fuse circuit in the corresponding electronic switch unit in the order of the access voltage of the two electronic switch units from high to low after startup, so that the field-effect transistors of the two electronic switch units are turned on in sequence.

[0016] Optionally, the electronic switching unit further includes: a current sampling element;

[0017] The current sampling device is disposed between the corresponding field-effect transistor and the internal power supply contact, and the current sampling device is used to generate a corresponding current sampling signal according to the current flowing through the line.

[0018] The driving fuse circuit is also connected to the corresponding current sampling device. The driving fuse circuit is also used to perform overcurrent diagnosis of the power supply line based on the current sampling signal, and to drive the corresponding field-effect transistor to turn off when there is an overcurrent fault in the power supply line.

[0019] Optionally, the driving fuse circuit is also connected to the source of the corresponding field-effect transistor. The driving fuse circuit is also used to perform overvoltage diagnosis based on the source voltage of the corresponding field-effect transistor, and to drive the corresponding field-effect transistor to turn off when there is an overvoltage fault in the power supply line.

[0020] Optionally, the electronic switching unit further includes: a temperature sampling element;

[0021] The temperature sampling device is located near the field-effect transistor, and the temperature sampling device is used to generate a corresponding temperature sampling signal based on the temperature of the circuit board around the field-effect transistor.

[0022] The drive fuse circuit is connected to the temperature sampling device. The drive fuse circuit is also used to perform over-temperature diagnosis of the power supply line based on the temperature sampling signal, and to drive the corresponding field-effect transistor to turn off when there is an over-temperature fault in the power supply line.

[0023] Optionally, the electronic switching unit further includes: a current-sensing operational amplifier circuit;

[0024] The current-sensing operational amplifier circuit is connected to the current sampling device and the control unit respectively. The current-sensing operational amplifier circuit is used to perform operational amplification processing on the current sampling signal and feed it back to the control unit.

[0025] The control unit is also used to perform overcurrent diagnosis on the power supply line of the corresponding electronic switch unit according to the signal fed back by the current detection operational amplifier circuit, and to perform overvoltage diagnosis on the power supply line of the corresponding electronic switch unit according to the access voltage of the electronic switch unit. In the event of an overvoltage or / and overcurrent fault in the power supply line, the control signal of the drive fuse circuit is adjusted to turn off the corresponding field-effect transistor.

[0026] Optionally, the control unit includes: a power management chip and a microcontroller chip;

[0027] The power management chip is connected between the microcontroller chip and the internal power supply contact, and the power management chip is used to supply power to the microcontroller chip using the power of the internal power supply contact;

[0028] The microcontroller chip is used for state control and fault diagnosis of the electronic switching unit and the power distribution drive unit.

[0029] Optionally, the low-voltage power distribution system also includes a wake-up signal line, which is externally connected to a wake-up hard-wire signal and is respectively connected to the control unit in each of the area control modules;

[0030] Upon receiving the wake-up hardwire signal, the control unit powered by the startup power supply is awakened and controls the electronic switch unit to start.

[0031] Optionally, the low-voltage power distribution system also includes a wake-up signal line, which is externally connected to a wake-up hard-wire signal and is respectively connected to the electronic switch unit in each of the area control modules;

[0032] The control unit is automatically woken up after the power supply is turned on; the electronic switch unit is woken up after receiving the wake-up hardwire signal.

[0033] Optionally, the control unit in the first area control module is further configured to perform short-ground fault diagnosis on the first DC power supply according to the voltage connected to the corresponding first electronic switch unit, and control the corresponding first electronic switch unit to turn off when a short-ground fault occurs in the first DC power supply.

[0034] The control unit in the last area control module is also used to perform short-ground fault diagnosis on the second DC power supply according to the voltage connected to the corresponding second electronic switch unit, and to control the corresponding second electronic switch unit to turn off when a short-ground fault occurs in the first DC power supply.

[0035] The low-voltage power distribution system provided by this invention includes a first DC power supply, a second DC power supply, and multiple area control modules connected in series between the first and second DC power supplies. In each area control module, a first electronic switch unit has its first end connected to a first interface and its second end connected to an internal power supply contact; a second electronic switch unit has its first end connected to a second interface and its second end connected to an internal power supply contact. A power distribution drive unit is also connected to the internal power supply contact and is used to utilize the power from the internal power supply contact to provide secondary power distribution and / or drive for low-voltage electrical appliances within the corresponding area. A control unit is used to perform status control and fault diagnosis on the first electronic switch unit, the second electronic switch unit, and the power distribution drive unit, achieving redundant power supply for onboard low-voltage electrical appliances. This scheme of setting up redundant DC power supplies not only allows the use of another power supply when one power supply fails, but also allows the use of two power supplies to power the area control modules on either side of the fault point when any area control module on the power line fails, preventing the power supply or single electrical device failure from affecting the power consumption of other devices and improving the reliability of the system.

[0036] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the invention will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of a low-voltage power distribution system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the composition of a regional control module in another low-voltage power distribution system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the composition of a regional control module in another low-voltage power distribution system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating the composition of a regional control module in another low-voltage power distribution system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the composition of a regional control module in another low-voltage power distribution system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating the composition of a regional control module in another low-voltage power distribution system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating the composition of a regional control module in another low-voltage power distribution system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 8 An I2T curve is provided for an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0048] To address the problems mentioned in the background art, embodiments of the present invention provide a low-voltage power distribution system for use in automobiles, supplying power to low-voltage electrical appliances such as lights, audio systems, seat heating devices, window lift devices, and vehicle locks. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a low-voltage power distribution system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, with reference to... Figure 1 The low-voltage power distribution system includes a first DC power supply 101, a second DC power supply 102, and a plurality of area control modules 107 connected in series between the first DC power supply 101 and the second DC power supply 102. Each area control module 107 includes a first interface a, a second interface b, an internal power supply contact c, a first electronic switch unit 103, a second electronic switch unit 104, a control unit 105, and a power distribution drive unit 106. The first end of the first electronic switch unit 103 is connected to the first interface a, and the second end is connected to the internal power supply contact c; the first end of the second electronic switch unit 104 is connected to the second interface b, and the second end is connected to the internal power supply contact c.

[0049] The power distribution drive unit 106 is also connected to the internal power supply contact c. The power distribution drive unit 106 is used to provide secondary power distribution and / or drive for the functional controllers in the corresponding area using the power supply from the internal power supply contact c. The control unit 105 is connected to the first electronic switch unit 103, the second electronic switch unit 104, and the power distribution drive unit 106 via the internal power supply contact c. The control unit 105 is used to perform status control and fault diagnosis on the first electronic switch unit 103, the second electronic switch unit 104, and the power distribution drive unit 106. After the first DC power supply 101 and / or the second DC power supply 102 are started, the turned-off first electronic switch unit 103 and the second electronic switch unit 104 respectively use the body diode characteristics of their internal field-effect transistors to provide startup power to the control unit 105. After startup, the control unit 105 controls the first electronic switch unit 103 and the second electronic switch unit 104 to turn on, providing operating power to the power distribution drive unit 106.

[0050] Specifically, the first DC power supply 101 and the second DC power supply 102 refer to power supply equipment that uses its own stored electrical energy or converts electrical energy provided by other devices to provide power to the vehicle's low-voltage electrical appliances. For example, in the case of a new energy vehicle, the first DC power supply 101 can be a DC-DC converter (also known as a DC-DC converter) that uses the stored electrical energy of the power battery to perform a step-down DC-DC conversion to generate a DC-DC power supply, and the second DC power supply 102 can be an energy storage power supply output by the battery.

[0051] The zone control module 107 (also known as a zone controller or ZCU) is a centralized electronic control unit that corresponds one-to-one with its power supply zone. It is used to manage and coordinate multiple electronic functional systems within the corresponding zone of the vehicle. For example, the zone control module 107 can provide low-voltage power distribution to low-voltage electrical appliances within the corresponding zone. The zone control module 107 includes a first interface a, a second interface b, an internal power supply contact c, a first electronic switch unit 103, a second electronic switch unit 104, a control unit 105, and a power distribution drive unit 106.

[0052] The first interface a refers to the interface of the area control module 107 whose electrical connection is closer to the first DC power supply 101. It is used to connect to the first DC power supply 101 or the second interface b of the preceding area control module 107. The second interface b refers to the interface of the area control module 107 whose electrical connection is closer to the second DC power supply 102. It is used to connect to the second DC power supply 102 or the first interface a of the following area control module 107. Multiple area control modules 107 are connected in series between the first DC power supply 101 and the second DC power supply 102 in a head-to-tail series configuration. In this head-to-tail series configuration, the first interface a of the first area control module 107 is connected to the first DC power supply 101, the second interface b of the last area control module 107 is connected to the second DC power supply 102, and the other area control modules 107 in between are connected by the second interface b of the preceding module and the first interface a of the following module.

[0053] The first electronic switch unit 103 refers to a circuit switching and power supply diagnostic component disposed between the first interface a and the internal power supply contact c, and includes a field-effect transistor (FET). The first electronic switch can control the on / off state of the circuit by using the FET's conduction and cutoff, and can also supply power to the control unit 105 by using a body diode of the FET when the FET is off. For example, the first electronic switch unit 103 can be an electronic fuse, also known as an Efuse. Similar to the first electronic switch unit 103, the second electronic switch unit 104 refers to a circuit switching and power supply diagnostic component disposed between the second interface b and the internal power supply contact c, and includes a field-effect transistor (FET). The second electronic switch unit 104 can control the on / off state of the circuit by using the FET's conduction and cutoff, and can also supply power to the control unit 105 when the FET is off. For example, the second electronic switch unit 104 can be an electronic fuse, also known as an Efuse. The internal power supply contact c refers to the junction point within the area control module 107 where the power supply lines corresponding to the first electronic switch unit 103 and the second electronic switch unit 104 intersect. The internal power supply contact c is connected to the control unit 105 and the power distribution drive unit 106, respectively, and is used to supply power to the control unit 105 and the power distribution drive unit 106.

[0054] The control unit 105 is the control core of the area control module 107. It can control the on / off state of the first electronic switch unit 103 and the second electronic switch unit 104, and also control the working state of the power distribution drive unit 106. For example, the control unit 105 may include a microcontroller unit and its necessary supporting components. The microcontroller unit may also be called a microcontroller or MCU. The supporting components may include a clock source, a reset circuit, and a power management module. The control unit 105 requires relatively low power. When the first DC power supply 101 and the second DC power supply 102 are turned on but the first electronic switch unit 103 and the second electronic switch unit 104 are still not turned on, the first electronic switch unit 103 and the second electronic switch unit 104 can use their body diode characteristics to turn off the field-effect transistors to power the control unit 105.

[0055] The power distribution drive unit 106 is a secondary power distribution and high-power drive component for low-voltage electrical appliances in the area. It can transform the operating power of the internal power supply contact c to supply power to the low-voltage electrical appliances in the corresponding area. It can also provide drive signals to the low-voltage electrical appliances in the corresponding area. For example, the power distribution drive unit 106 may include a secondary power distribution circuit and a high-power drive circuit.

[0056] For example, after the vehicle's overall sleep mode ends, both the first DC power supply 101 and the second DC power supply 102 switch from sleep mode to start supplying power to low-voltage electrical appliances. At this time, the various area control modules 107 in the low-voltage power distribution system have not yet started, and the field-effect transistors of all the first electronic switching units 103 and the second electronic switching units 104 are in the off state. In this case, due to the body diode characteristics of the internal field-effect transistors of the first electronic switching unit 103 in the first area control module 107, although the field-effect transistors are off, it can still use the first DC power supply 101 to provide low-power power to the corresponding control unit 105 through the body diode. After the corresponding power supply unit can diagnose that the status of each unit in its area control module 107 is normal, it can control the corresponding first electronic switching unit 103 and the second electronic switching unit 104 to conduct, thereby supplying power to the next area control module 107. At the same time, due to the body diode characteristics of the internal field-effect transistors of the second electronic switching unit 104 in the last area control module 107, although the field-effect transistors are off, it can still use the second DC power supply 102 to provide low-power power to the corresponding control unit 105 through the body diode. Once the corresponding power supply unit diagnoses that the status of each unit within its area control module 107 is normal, it can control the corresponding first electronic switch unit 103 and second electronic switch unit 104 to conduct, thereby supplying power to the previous area control module 107. This process continues, with each area control module 107 supplying power sequentially from the beginning to the middle, achieving redundant power supply to low-voltage electrical appliances in designated areas.

[0057] The two DC power supplies are redundant. When both DC power supplies are operating normally and all area control modules 107 are fault-free, the direction of the power supply current in each area control module 107 can be from the side with the higher voltage to the side with the lower voltage. For example, if the voltage of the first DC power supply 101 is higher than the voltage of the second DC power supply 102, the direction of the power supply current in the area control module 107 is from the first interface a to the second interface b. On the one hand, if one DC power supply fails, the other DC power supply can serve as a redundant power supply to continue powering each area control module 107. On the other hand, if either area control module 107 fails, before the fault is cleared, the area control modules 107 on both sides can be powered by the two DC power supplies respectively, eliminating reliance on a single PNG module (or PDC module) for power supply, thus greatly improving the power supply reliability of the low-voltage power distribution system.

[0058] The low-voltage power distribution system provided in this embodiment includes a first DC power supply, a second DC power supply, and multiple area control modules connected in series between the first and second DC power supplies. In each area control module, a first electronic switch unit has its first end connected to a first interface and its second end connected to an internal power supply contact; a second electronic switch unit has its first end connected to a second interface and its second end connected to an internal power supply contact. A power distribution drive unit is also connected to the internal power supply contact and is used to utilize the power from the internal power supply contact to provide secondary power distribution and / or drive for low-voltage electrical appliances within the corresponding area. A control unit is used to perform status control and fault diagnosis on the first electronic switch unit, the second electronic switch unit, and the power distribution drive unit, achieving redundant power supply for onboard low-voltage electrical appliances. This scheme of setting up redundant DC power supplies not only allows the use of another power supply when one power supply fails, but also allows the use of two power supplies to power the area control modules on either side of the fault point when any area control module on the power supply line fails, preventing the power supply or a single electrical device failure from affecting the power consumption of other devices and improving the reliability of the low-voltage power distribution system.

[0059] Optionally, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of a regional control module in another low-voltage power distribution system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Based on the foregoing embodiments, refer to... Figure 2The electronic switching unit includes a field-effect transistor (FET) 201 and a drive fuse circuit 202. The FET 201 is disposed between the first terminal e and the second terminal f of the electronic switching unit. The drive fuse circuit 202 is connected to the gate of the FET 201 and the control unit 105, respectively, and is used to drive the FET 201 to switch on and off according to the control signal from the control unit 105. The control unit 105 is also connected to the first terminal e of the two electronic switching units respectively; the control unit 105 is also connected to the source of the FET 201 of the first electronic switching unit 103 and the source of the FET 201 of the second electronic switching unit 104, respectively. After startup, the control unit 105 is used to send conduction control signals to the drive fuse circuit 202 of the corresponding electronic switching unit in descending order of the access voltage of the two electronic switching units, so that the two FETs 201 are turned on sequentially. It should be noted that the electronic switch unit mentioned here refers to the aforementioned first electronic switch unit 103 and second electronic switch unit 104.

[0060] Specifically, the field-effect transistor 201 is a circuit switching device disposed between the first terminal e and the second terminal f of the electronic switching unit. The source of the field-effect transistor 201 is connected to the first terminal e, the drain is connected to the second terminal f, and the gate is connected to the drive fuse circuit 202. The switching between the source and drain of the field-effect transistor 201 is controlled by the drive fuse circuit 202. For example, the number of field-effect transistors 201 in a single electronic switching unit can be determined according to the power required by the low-voltage electrical appliances in the low-voltage power distribution system. For example, two NMOS transistors of model IAUCN08S7N013 can be set in a single electronic switching unit. The two NMOS transistors are connected in parallel between the first terminal e and the second terminal f of the electronic switching unit, which can achieve a current conduction capability of 50A. The drive fuse circuit 202 refers to the functional circuit for fault diagnosis and driving of the field-effect transistor 201. It can realize the on and off driving of the field-effect transistor 201 according to the control signal of the control unit 105. For example, the drive fuse circuit 202 can be an electronic fuse driver.

[0061] After startup, the control unit 105 can detect the access voltage of the first terminal e of the first electronic switch unit 103 and the access voltage of the second terminal f of the second electronic switch unit 104. Following the order of the corresponding access voltages from high to low, it sequentially sends control signals, including conduction information, to the drive fuse circuits 202 in the corresponding electronic switch units. This causes the field-effect transistors 201 of the two electronic switch units to conduct sequentially according to their corresponding access voltages. After conduction, the power supply current in the area control module 107 flows from the high-voltage end to the low-voltage end. For example, if the access voltage of the first terminal e of the first electronic switch unit 103 is greater than the access voltage of the second terminal f of the second electronic switch unit 104, the control unit 105 first sends a conduction control signal to the drive fuse circuit 202 in the first electronic switch unit 103, and then sends a conduction control signal to the drive fuse circuit 202 in the second electronic switch unit 104. The power supply current flows from the first terminal e of the first electronic switch unit 103 to the second terminal f of the second electronic switch unit 104, achieving primary power distribution to the area control module 107.

[0062] The electronic switching unit in the low-voltage power distribution system provided in this embodiment includes a field-effect transistor (FET) and a driving fuse circuit. The FET is disposed between the first and second terminals of the electronic switching unit. The driving fuse circuit is connected to the gate of the FET and the control unit, respectively, and is used to drive the FET to switch on and off according to the control signal from the control unit. The control unit is also connected to the first terminals of the two electronic switching units respectively; after startup, the control unit is used to send conduction control signals to the driving fuse circuits in the corresponding electronic switching units in descending order of the access voltage of the two electronic switching units, thereby realizing that the two sets of FETs are turned on sequentially according to the high and low access voltage. With the setting of two power supplies, the control modules of each area in the system are powered on sequentially from both sides to the middle, improving the power-on speed of the low-voltage power distribution system.

[0063] Optionally, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the composition of a regional control module in a low-voltage power distribution system, based on the aforementioned embodiments and referring to... Figure 3The electronic switching unit further includes a current sampling element 301. The current sampling element 301 is disposed between the corresponding field-effect transistor 201 and the internal power supply contact c. The current sampling element 301 is used to generate a corresponding current sampling signal based on the current flowing through the line. The driving fuse circuit 202 is also connected to the corresponding current sampling element 301. The driving fuse circuit 202 is also used to perform overcurrent diagnosis of the power supply line based on the current sampling signal, and to drive the corresponding field-effect transistor 201 to turn off in the event of an overcurrent fault in the power supply line. The driving fuse circuit 202 is also connected to the source of the corresponding field-effect transistor 201. The driving fuse circuit 202 is also used to perform overvoltage diagnosis based on the source voltage of the corresponding field-effect transistor 201, and to drive the corresponding field-effect transistor 201 to turn off in the event of an overvoltage fault in the power supply line.

[0064] Specifically, the current sampling element 301 refers to the current sampling component in the electronic switching unit. Exemplarily, the current sampling element 301 may include at least one sampling resistor or galvanometer. The current sampling element 301 is disposed between the corresponding field-effect transistor 201 and the internal power supply contact c, detects the current in the line it is in, and feeds back a current sampling signal to the drive fuse circuit 202. Exemplarily, when the current sampling element 301 is a sampling resistor, the drive fuse circuit 202 can determine the current flowing through the power supply line where the sampling resistor is located based on the voltage signal across the current sampling element 301. The drive fuse circuit 202 performs overcurrent diagnosis on the power supply line based on the relative relationship between the flowing current and the current threshold. In the event of an overcurrent fault in the power supply line, the drive fuse circuit 202 can drive the corresponding field-effect transistor 201 to turn off, thereby achieving overcurrent protection for the power supply line.

[0065] The driving fuse circuit 202 also detects the source voltage of the corresponding field-effect transistor and performs overvoltage diagnosis on the power supply line based on the relative relationship between the source voltage and the voltage threshold. In the event of an overvoltage fault in the power supply line, the driving fuse circuit 202 can drive the corresponding field-effect transistor 201 to turn off, thereby achieving overvoltage protection for the power supply line.

[0066] In the low-voltage power distribution system provided in this embodiment, the electronic switching unit further includes a current sampling device. The current sampling device is disposed between the corresponding field-effect transistor and the internal power supply contact. The current sampling device generates a corresponding current sampling signal based on the current flowing through the line. The driving fuse circuit is also connected to the corresponding current sampling device. The driving fuse circuit is further used to perform overcurrent diagnosis of the power supply line based on the current sampling signal, and drives the corresponding field-effect transistor to turn off in the event of an overcurrent fault in the power supply line. The driving fuse circuit is also connected to the source of the corresponding field-effect transistor. The driving fuse circuit is further used to perform overvoltage diagnosis based on the source voltage of the corresponding field-effect transistor, and drives the corresponding field-effect transistor to turn off in the event of an overvoltage fault in the power supply line. This achieves separate overvoltage and overcurrent protection for the low-voltage power supply lines in each area. This area-specific voltage and current diagnosis scheme can resolve problems immediately when overvoltage or overcurrent occurs in the corresponding power supply line, preventing impact on downstream power supply circuits and improving the safety of the low-voltage power distribution system.

[0067] Optionally, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the composition of a regional control module in a low-voltage power distribution system, based on the aforementioned embodiments and referring to... Figure 4 The electronic switching unit further includes a current-sensing operational amplifier circuit 401. The current-sensing operational amplifier circuit 401 is connected to the current sampling element 301 and the control unit 105, respectively. The current-sensing operational amplifier circuit 401 is used to perform operational amplification processing on the current sampling signal and feed it back to the control unit 105. The control unit 105 is also used to perform power supply current diagnosis on the power supply line of the corresponding electronic switching unit based on the signal fed back by the current-sensing operational amplifier circuit 401, and to perform power supply voltage diagnosis on the power supply line of the corresponding electronic switching unit based on the access voltage of the electronic switching unit. Furthermore, in the event of a fault in the power supply voltage and / or the power supply current, it adjusts the control signal to the drive fuse circuit 202 to turn off the corresponding field-effect transistor 201.

[0068] Specifically, the current-sensing operational amplifier circuit 401 is a circuit that performs operational amplification processing on the current sampling signal acquired by the current sampling device 301. It serves as redundancy for the overcurrent monitoring function in the drive fuse circuit 202, and feeds back the operationally amplified current sampling signal to the control unit 105. The control unit 105 can determine the current flowing through the power supply circuit based on the current sampling signal fed back by the current-sensing operational amplifier circuit 401. Then, based on the relative relationship between the current flowing through the power supply circuit and the current threshold, it performs overcurrent diagnosis on the power supply line. If the overcurrent diagnosis result indicates an overcurrent fault in the power supply line, it sends a turn-off control signal to the corresponding drive fuse circuit 202 to drive the corresponding field-effect transistor 201 on the faulty power supply line to turn off.

[0069] The control unit 105 is also connected to the first terminal e of the electronic switch unit, detects the access voltage of the electronic switch unit, performs overvoltage diagnosis on the power supply line according to the relative relationship between the access voltage and the voltage threshold, and sends a shutdown control signal to the corresponding drive fuse circuit 202 to drive the corresponding field-effect transistor 201 on the faulty power supply line to turn off when the overvoltage diagnosis result shows that an overvoltage fault has occurred in the power supply line.

[0070] In the low-voltage power distribution system provided in this embodiment, the electronic switching unit further includes a current-sensing operational amplifier circuit. The current-sensing operational amplifier circuit is connected to both the current sampling device and the control unit. It performs operational amplification processing on the current sampling signal and feeds it back to the control unit. The control unit is also used to perform overcurrent diagnosis on the power supply line of the corresponding electronic switching unit based on the signal fed back from the current-sensing operational amplifier circuit, and to perform overvoltage diagnosis on the power supply line of the corresponding electronic switching unit based on the access voltage of the electronic switching unit. Furthermore, in the event of an overvoltage or / and overcurrent fault in the power supply line, it adjusts the control signal to the drive fuse circuit to turn off the corresponding field-effect transistor. This achieves overvoltage and overcurrent protection for both power supply lines using the control unit. The overvoltage and overcurrent protection scheme for both power supply lines by the control unit can serve as a redundant design for overcurrent and overvoltage diagnosis in the drive fuse circuit, further improving the reliability of the low-voltage power distribution system.

[0071] Optionally, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the composition of a regional control module in a low-voltage power distribution system, based on the aforementioned embodiments and referring to... Figure 5 The electronic switching unit further includes a temperature sampling element 501. The temperature sampling element 501 is disposed near the field-effect transistor 201 and is used to generate a corresponding temperature sampling signal based on the temperature of the circuit board surrounding the field-effect transistor 201. The drive fuse circuit 202 is connected to the temperature sampling element 501 and is also used to perform over-temperature diagnosis of the power supply line based on the temperature sampling signal, driving the corresponding field-effect transistor 201 to turn off in the event of an over-temperature fault in the power supply line.

[0072] Specifically, temperature sampling element 501 refers to a temperature sampling device disposed near the field-effect transistor 201. For example, temperature sampling element 501 can be a thermistor of model NCU18XH103F6SRB, disposed on a circuit board near the field-effect transistor 201. Temperature sampling element 501 can be connected between the drain of the field-effect transistor 201 and the drive fuse circuit 202, generating different temperature sampling signals according to the ambient temperature. The drive fuse circuit 202 can determine the temperature of the field-effect transistor 201 based on the temperature sampling signal and compare it with a temperature threshold to achieve over-temperature diagnosis of the power supply line. When an over-temperature fault is detected in the power supply line, the drive fuse circuit 202 drives the corresponding field-effect transistor 201 to turn off, achieving over-temperature protection for the power supply line and further improving the reliability of the low-voltage power distribution system.

[0073] Optionally, Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the composition of a regional control module in a low-voltage power distribution system, based on the aforementioned embodiments and referring to... Figure 6 The control unit 105 includes a power management chip 601 and a microcontroller chip 602. The power management chip 601 is connected between the microcontroller chip 602 and the internal power supply contact c. The power management chip 601 is used to supply power to the microcontroller chip 602 using the power supply from the internal power supply contact c. The microcontroller chip 602 is used to perform state control and fault diagnosis on the electronic switching unit and the power distribution drive unit 106.

[0074] Specifically, the microcontroller chip 602, also known as an MCU chip, can perform state control and fault diagnosis on the electronic switching unit and the power distribution drive unit 106. The power management chip 601 is a power adjustment chip that uses the power supply from the internal power supply contact c to power the control chip. It can step down, filter, and regulate the power supply on the internal power supply contact c, providing a suitable and reliable power supply for the microcontroller chip 602 and improving the stability of the microcontroller chip 602.

[0075] For example, the components and functions of a low-voltage power distribution system are described in detail. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the composition of a regional control module in a low-voltage power distribution system, based on the aforementioned embodiments and combined with... Figure 6 and Figure 7In the low-voltage power distribution system 100, the first DC power supply uses a DC-DC converter (DCDC+), and the second DC power supply uses a battery (BAT+). A first freewheeling diode (D11) and a second freewheeling diode (D21) are respectively installed at the first and second interfaces of each area control module 107. These freewheeling diodes can be of model MBR2045MFST1G. The first freewheeling diode D11 and the second freewheeling diode D21 are positioned between their respective interfaces and the ground terminal to provide a freewheeling path when the field-effect transistor 201 is turned off, preventing damage to the circuit from reverse electromotive force. A first capacitor C1 and a second capacitor C2 can also be installed between the internal power supply contact c in the area control module 107 and the two electronic switching units. The capacitance values ​​of both capacitors C1 and C2 can be 330uF, used for voltage regulation and filtering of the power supply at the internal power supply contact c, improving the power supply stability of the low-voltage power distribution system 100 to various low-voltage electrical appliances. Both electronic switching units include a drive fuse circuit 202, a current-sensing operational amplifier circuit 401, a current sampling device, two field-effect transistors (FETs), a temperature sampling device, a first voltage divider resistor R13, a second voltage divider resistor R14, a third voltage divider resistor R15, a first diode D12, and a second diode D13. The drive fuse circuit 202 can be a VNF1248F electronic fuse driver to achieve a recoverable high-current intelligent fuse configuration for the FETs, as well as monitoring, diagnostic, and protection functions. The current-sensing operational amplifier circuit 401 can be an INA241B3-Q1 current operational amplifier circuit, which converts the acquired current signal into a voltage signal, amplifies it, and outputs it to the control unit 105. It also forms a redundant configuration with the current acquisition function built into the drive fuse circuit 202, achieving a higher level of functional safety. The current sampling device can use a 1mΩ / 3W first current-sensing resistor R11 and a second current-sensing resistor R12 for detecting the incoming current. The two field-effect transistors can be NMOS transistors of model IAUCN08S7N013 to achieve a current conduction capability of 50A. Furthermore, the number of MOSFETs connected in parallel can be increased or decreased according to the actual input current requirements. The temperature sampling device can be a thermistor Rn of model NCU18XH103F6SRB, used to detect the temperature of the PCB board near the NMOS transistors. The first voltage divider resistor R13, the second voltage divider resistor R14, and the third voltage divider resistor R15 can be 10KΩ, 33KΩ, and 10KΩ resistors, respectively. The first voltage divider resistor assists the thermistor in temperature detection, while the second and third voltage divider resistors assist the control unit 105 in detecting the corresponding interface input voltage. The first diode D12 and the second diode D13 can both be BAS321-Q diodes. The combination of the two diodes assists the control unit 105 in implementing OR logic control of the drive fuse circuit 202 in the electronic switch unit.

[0076] Continue to combine Figure 6 and Figure 7 The area control module 107 can utilize the body diode characteristics of its internal field-effect transistors to power and start the control unit 105 even when the field-effect transistors are off. Taking the first area control module 107 as an example, when the DC-DC converter (DCDC+) is powered normally, the first input voltage VBAT_1 powers the internal power supply contact c through the body diodes inside the first NMOS transistor Q11 and the second NMOS transistor Q12. Then, the power management chip 601 steps down the voltage at the internal power supply contact c to power the microcontroller chip 602, thus enabling the microcontroller chip 602 to start normally. Taking the last area control module 107 as an example, when the low-voltage battery is powered normally, the second input voltage VBAT_2 powers the internal power supply contact c through the body diodes inside the third NMOS transistor Q21 and the fourth NMOS transistor Q22. Then, the power management chip 601 steps down the voltage at the internal power supply contact c to power the microcontroller chip 602, thus enabling the microcontroller chip 602 to start normally. In summary, because the body diodes in the first electronic switch unit 103 and the second electronic switch unit 104 form a back-to-back design, the side with the higher voltage of the first access voltage VBAT_1 and the second access voltage VBAT_2 provides power to the internal power supply contact c in the electronic switch unit. Therefore, regardless of whether the DC-DC converter or the battery starts up normally, the microcontroller chip 602 in each area control module 107 can start up normally first. After the microcontroller chip 602 starts up normally, since the driving function of the electronic switch unit is not yet enabled, the field-effect transistor 201 is in the off state. Therefore, the first access voltage VBAT_1 and the second access voltage VBAT_2 will not sink current to each other. For example, when a short-ground fault occurs in the power supply line or load of the first access voltage VBAT_1, the power supply line on the second access voltage VBAT_2 side is not affected, and the fault current will not flow from the second interface to the first access interface, further improving the reliability of the power distribution system.

[0077] Continue to combine Figure 6 and Figure 7After the microcontroller chip 602 is started, it detects whether the access voltage of the corresponding electronic switch unit is normal through the voltage detection pin AI_VBAT, and detects whether the access current of the corresponding electronic switch unit is normal through the current detection pin AI_CUR. The relationship between the access voltage and the sampling voltage of the chip connected to the voltage detection pin AI_VBAT of the microcontroller chip 602 is expressed by the first formula: VAI_VBAT=VVBAT*R14 / (R14+R15), where VVBAT is the voltage being detected, which is equal to the access voltage VBAT_1; VAI_VBAT is the sampling voltage of the voltage detection pin AI_VBAT of the microcontroller chip 602. The relationship between the input current and the sampling voltage of the current sensing pin AI_CUR of the microcontroller chip 602 can be expressed by the second formula: VAI_CUR=IVBAT*(R11||R12)*GU4; where IVBAT is the detected current, which is equal to the input current; GU4 is the operational amplifier gain of the current sensing operational amplifier circuit 401, which can be set to 50V / 1V; and VAI_CUR is the sampling voltage of the current sensing pin AI_CUR of the microcontroller chip 602 connected to the microcontroller chip.

[0078] Continue to combine Figure 6 and Figure 7 The microcontroller chip 602 can also perform on / off current diagnosis, voltage diagnosis, and on / off drive on the field-effect transistors 201 in the two electronic switching units. When the voltage provided by the DC-DC converter is higher than the voltage provided by the battery, that is, when the microcontroller chip 602 can determine through voltage diagnosis that VBAT_1>VBAT_2, the microcontroller chip 602 first turns on the first electronic switching circuit, and then turns on the second electronic switching circuit. After the voltage and current diagnosis are completed, the microcontroller chip 602 initializes the drive fuse circuit 202 in the first electronic switching unit 103 through the drive control interface SPI&GPIO. The initialization configuration includes I2t curves, overvoltage and overcurrent diagnostic thresholds, and overtemperature diagnostic thresholds, and other data required for the operation of the drive fuse circuit 202. Figure 8This invention provides an I2T curve diagram, showing the I2T curve configured by the microcontroller chip for the drive fuse circuit 202. The microcontroller chip 602 also controls the drive fuse circuit 202 in the first electronic switch unit 103 to perform a self-test. After the drive fuse circuit 202 in the first electronic switch unit 103 detects that the register flags for overvoltage, overcurrent, and overtemperature are all normal, it sequentially outputs a high level to the gates of the corresponding two NMOS transistors, turning on the two NMOS transistors. The above operation is then repeated for the second electronic switch circuit, causing both NMOS transistors in the second electronic switch current to be turned on. The power supply current then flows from the first interface to the second interface. Conversely, when the voltage provided by the battery is higher than the voltage provided by the DC-DC converter, i.e., when the microcontroller chip 602 can determine through voltage diagnostics that VBAT_2>VBAT_1, the microcontroller chip 602 first turns on the second electronic switch circuit, then turns on the first electronic switch circuit. The turn-on steps of each electronic switch unit are the same as before and will not be repeated here.

[0079] Each zone control module 107 can also achieve bidirectional power supply. When the DC-DC converter voltage is higher than the battery voltage, the electronic switching units in each zone controller are turned on sequentially from one end to the other, and the current flows from the DC-DC converter side to the battery side, realizing primary power distribution. Then, as needed, the HSD circuit and high-power bridge drive circuit in the power distribution drive unit 106 of each zone control module 107 are turned on to realize secondary power distribution and high-power drive for low-voltage electrical appliances. When the DC-DC converter voltage is lower than the battery voltage, the electronic switching units in each zone controller are turned on in reverse order from one end to the other, and the current flows from the battery side to the DC-DC converter side, realizing primary power distribution. Then, as needed, the HSD circuit and high-power bridge drive circuit in the power distribution drive unit 106 of each zone control module 107 are turned on to realize secondary power distribution and high-power drive for low-voltage electrical appliances. In summary, the zone control module 107 realizes bidirectional power supply output function. In addition, when the vehicle is stationary, if the DC-DC converter is depleted, the current can flow from the battery to the DC-DC converter, and the battery supplies power to all zone control modules 107. Conversely, when the battery is undervoltage, current flows from the DC-DC converter to the battery, charging the battery and powering all area control modules 107.

[0080] The low-voltage power distribution system may also include a wake-up signal line, which is externally connected to a wake-up hard-wire signal. On one hand, the wake-up signal line can be connected to the control unit 105 in each of the area control modules 107. Upon receiving the wake-up hard-wire signal, the control unit 105 powered by the starting power supply is awakened and controls the electronic switching unit to start. On the other hand, the wake-up signal line can be connected to the electronic switching unit in each of the area control modules 107. Upon receiving the starting power supply, the control unit 105 is automatically awakened (or awakened by the wake-up hard-wire signal); upon receiving the wake-up hard-wire signal, the electronic switching unit is directly awakened by the wake-up hard-wire signal, reducing the delay caused by waking the electronic switching unit through the control unit 105, thus making the low-voltage power supply faster.

[0081] Furthermore, in the low-voltage power distribution system, the control unit 105 in the first area control module 107 is also used to perform short-ground fault diagnosis on the first DC power supply 101 based on the access voltage of the corresponding first electronic switch unit 103, and control the corresponding first electronic switch unit 103 to turn off when a short-ground fault occurs in the first DC power supply 101. The control unit 105 in the last area control module 107 is also used to perform short-ground fault diagnosis on the second DC power supply 102 based on the access voltage of the corresponding second electronic switch unit 104, and control the corresponding second electronic switch unit 104 to turn off when a short-ground fault occurs in the first DC power supply 101. By utilizing the first and last area control modules 107, short-ground fault diagnosis of the power supplies at both ends is achieved. In the event of a fault in one power supply, the connection to that power supply is directly cut off, actively disconnecting the faulty power supply and preventing the power supply fault from affecting the power supply.

[0082] The low-voltage power distribution system provided in this embodiment includes a first DC power supply, a second DC power supply, and multiple area control modules connected in series between the first and second DC power supplies. In each area control module, the first terminal of the first electronic switch unit is connected to a first interface, and the second terminal is connected to an internal power supply contact; the first terminal of the second electronic switch unit is connected to a second interface, and the second terminal is connected to an internal power supply contact. A power distribution drive unit is also connected to the internal power supply contact and is used to utilize the power from the internal power supply contact to provide secondary power distribution and / or drive for low-voltage electrical appliances within the corresponding area. A control unit is used to perform status control and fault diagnosis on the first electronic switch unit, the second electronic switch unit, and the power distribution drive unit, achieving redundant and intelligent power supply for onboard low-voltage electrical appliances. This scheme of setting up redundant DC power supplies not only allows the use of another power supply when one power supply fails, but also allows the use of two power supplies to power the area control modules on both sides of the fault point when any area control module on the power supply line fails, preventing the power supply or a single electrical device failure from affecting the power consumption of other devices and improving system reliability.

[0083] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A low voltage power distribution system, characterized by, For automotive applications, the low-voltage power distribution system includes: a first DC power supply, a second DC power supply, and multiple area control modules connected in series between the first DC power supply and the second DC power supply. The area control module includes a first interface, a second interface, an internal power supply contact, a first electronic switch unit, a second electronic switch unit, a control unit, and a power distribution drive unit; The first end of the first electronic switch unit is connected to the first interface, and the second end is connected to the internal power supply contact; the first end of the second electronic switch unit is connected to the second interface, and the second end is connected to the internal power supply contact. The power distribution drive unit is also connected to the internal power supply contact. The power distribution drive unit is used to use the power supply of the internal power supply contact to perform secondary power distribution and / or drive for low-voltage electrical appliances in the corresponding area. The control unit is connected to the internal power supply contact, the first electronic switch unit, the second electronic switch unit, and the power distribution drive unit, respectively; the control unit is used to perform status control and fault diagnosis on the first electronic switch unit, the second electronic switch unit, and the power distribution drive unit; After the first DC power supply and / or the second DC power supply are started, the first and second electronic switch units, which are turned off, respectively use the body diode characteristics of their internal field-effect transistors to provide startup power to the control unit; after startup, the control unit controls the first and second electronic switch units to turn on, providing operating power to the power distribution drive unit.

2. The low-voltage power distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electronic switching unit includes: a field-effect transistor and a driving fuse circuit; The field-effect transistor is disposed between the first and second terminals of the electronic switching unit; The driving fuse circuit is connected to the gate of the field-effect transistor and the control unit respectively. The driving fuse circuit is used to drive the field-effect transistor to switch on and off according to the control signal of the control unit. The control unit is also connected to the first end of each of the two electronic switch units; the control unit is used to send a conduction control signal to the drive fuse circuit in the corresponding electronic switch unit in the order of the access voltage of the two electronic switch units from high to low after startup, so that the field-effect transistors of the two electronic switch units are turned on in sequence.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The electronic switching unit further includes: a current sampling element; The current sampling device is disposed between the corresponding field-effect transistor and the internal power supply contact, and the current sampling device is used to generate a corresponding current sampling signal according to the current flowing through the line. The driving fuse circuit is also connected to the corresponding current sampling device. The driving fuse circuit is also used to perform overcurrent diagnosis of the power supply line based on the current sampling signal, and to drive the corresponding field-effect transistor to turn off when there is an overcurrent fault in the power supply line.

4. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The driving fuse circuit is also connected to the source of the corresponding field-effect transistor. The driving fuse circuit is also used to perform overvoltage diagnosis based on the source voltage of the corresponding field-effect transistor, and to drive the corresponding field-effect transistor to turn off when there is an overvoltage fault in the power supply line.

5. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The electronic switching unit further includes: a temperature sampling element; The temperature sampling device is located near the field-effect transistor, and the temperature sampling device is used to generate a corresponding temperature sampling signal based on the temperature of the circuit board around the field-effect transistor. The drive fuse circuit is connected to the temperature sampling device. The drive fuse circuit is also used to perform over-temperature diagnosis of the power supply line based on the temperature sampling signal, and to drive the corresponding field-effect transistor to turn off when there is an over-temperature fault in the power supply line.

6. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The electronic switching unit further includes: a current-sensing operational amplifier circuit; The current-sensing operational amplifier circuit is connected to the current sampling device and the control unit respectively. The current-sensing operational amplifier circuit is used to perform operational amplification processing on the current sampling signal and feed it back to the control unit. The control unit is also used to perform overcurrent diagnosis on the power supply line of the corresponding electronic switch unit according to the signal fed back by the current detection operational amplifier circuit, and to perform overvoltage diagnosis on the power supply line of the corresponding electronic switch unit according to the access voltage of the electronic switch unit. In the event of an overvoltage or / and overcurrent fault in the power supply line, the control signal of the drive fuse circuit is adjusted to turn off the corresponding field-effect transistor.

7. The system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The control unit includes: a power management chip and a microcontroller chip; The power management chip is connected between the microcontroller chip and the internal power supply contact, and the power management chip is used to supply power to the microcontroller chip using the power of the internal power supply contact; The microcontroller chip is used for state control and fault diagnosis of the electronic switching unit and the power distribution drive unit.

8. The system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, It also includes a wake-up signal line, which is externally connected to a wake-up hard wire signal and is connected to the control unit in each of the area control modules respectively; Upon receiving the wake-up hardwire signal, the control unit powered by the startup power supply is awakened and controls the electronic switch unit to start.

9. The system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, It also includes a wake-up signal line, which is externally connected to a wake-up hard wire signal and is connected to the electronic switch unit in each of the area control modules respectively; The control unit is automatically woken up after the power supply is turned on; the electronic switch unit is woken up after receiving the wake-up hardwire signal.

10. The system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The control unit in the first area control module is also used to perform short-ground fault diagnosis on the first DC power supply according to the voltage connected to the corresponding first electronic switch unit, and control the corresponding first electronic switch unit to turn off when a short-ground fault occurs in the first DC power supply. The control unit in the last area control module is also used to perform short-ground fault diagnosis on the second DC power supply according to the voltage connected to the corresponding second electronic switch unit, and to control the corresponding second electronic switch unit to turn off when a short-ground fault occurs in the first DC power supply.

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