Acoustic assembly, method of tuning an acoustic assembly of an audio output device

Abstract

The application discloses an acoustic assembly, an audio output device and a tuning method of the acoustic assembly, and relates to the technical field of audio output devices. The acoustic assembly is used in cooperation with a sound generating unit, and comprises a main shell, a first resistive structure, a plurality of main resonance cavities and a plurality of main acoustic channels. The main shell defines a front acoustic area, the first resistive structure is arranged on the main shell and defines a tuning cavity between the first resistive structure and the sound generating unit in the front acoustic area. The outside of the first resistive structure corresponds to an external sound receiving space, and air flow between the tuning cavity and the external sound receiving space is allowed. At least part of the plurality of main acoustic channels is in communication with the tuning cavity and at least part of the plurality of main resonance cavities. Through the above arrangement, a relatively stable and easily controlled tuning cavity can be formed, the influence of changes in the external sound receiving space on the tuning result is reduced, and the controllability and consistency of acoustic adjustment are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of audio output device technology, and specifically relates to an acoustic component, an audio output device, and a tuning method for the acoustic component. Background Technology

[0002] When an audio output device is operating, the acoustic load conditions in front of the driver unit significantly affect the sound output performance. These conditions vary depending on the type of audio output device. For example, in headphones, the acoustic load conditions are influenced by the user's ear position and wearing posture; in speakers, the acoustic load conditions are affected by the space in front of the speaker and the external sound field conditions.

[0003] In related technologies, acoustic design typically requires adjusting the sound based on the acoustic load conditions at the front of the speaker unit. However, these front acoustic load conditions are often not fixed during actual use, but rather easily change with variations in wearing conditions, usage patterns, or external sound field conditions. Consequently, the tuning results based on these front acoustic load conditions are prone to fluctuations, affecting the stability of the sound output and the consistency of the audio output device. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above situation, it is necessary to provide an acoustic component and an audio output device, as well as a tuning method for the acoustic component, which can improve the controllability of the acoustic adjustment of the audio output device while taking into account the listening performance.

[0005] Embodiments of this application provide an acoustic component, which is used in conjunction with a sound-generating unit, including: The main housing is used together with the sound-generating unit to form a front acoustic region located in front of the sound-generating unit; A first resistive structure is disposed on the main housing; Multiple main resonant cavities, wherein the multiple main resonant cavities are disposed within the main housing; and Multiple main acoustic channels are disposed on the inner wall of the main housing; wherein, a first resistive structure is used to define a tuning cavity in the front acoustic region, the tuning cavity is located between the first resistive structure and the sound-generating unit, the first resistive structure is located between the tuning cavity and the external sound transmission space, and the first resistive structure allows airflow between the tuning cavity and the external sound transmission space; at least a portion of the multiple main acoustic channels communicates with the tuning cavity and at least a portion of the multiple main resonant cavities.

[0006] In one embodiment, the first resistive structure is a porous coupling element, which is foam, porous body, microporous material, three-dimensional lattice porous structure or a combination thereof.

[0007] In one embodiment, the acoustic component further includes: An enclosure structure is disposed on the main housing, and the enclosure structure and the main housing together define at least one secondary resonant cavity; At least one secondary acoustic channel, at least a portion of which is in communication with the tuning cavity and at least a portion of which is in communication with the at least one secondary resonant cavity.

[0008] In one embodiment, at least two of the plurality of main resonant cavities have different volumes, and / or there are a plurality of secondary resonant cavities, with at least two secondary resonant cavities having different volumes.

[0009] In one embodiment, at least two of the plurality of main acoustic channels have different cross-sectional areas; When there are multiple secondary acoustic channels, at least two secondary acoustic channels have different cross-sectional areas.

[0010] In one embodiment, the main acoustic channel is provided with a second resistive structure; When a secondary acoustic channel is provided, the secondary acoustic channel is also provided with a second resistive structure; The second resistive structure is foam, tuning paper, microporous membrane or a combination thereof.

[0011] In one embodiment, the first resistive structure is detachably connected to the main housing, and the second resistive structure is detachably disposed at the corresponding main acoustic channel and / or secondary acoustic channel.

[0012] In one embodiment, the main resonant cavity and the main acoustic channel together constitute the main resonant branch, and the secondary resonant cavity and the secondary acoustic channel together constitute the secondary resonant branch. The main resonant branch and the secondary resonant branch are Helmholtz resonant branches. The plurality of main resonant cavities and / or secondary resonant cavities are separated from each other by a partition structure to form a plurality of independent resonant cavity units arranged circumferentially.

[0013] This application embodiment also provides an audio output device, including a sound-generating unit and the acoustic components described above, wherein the audio output device is an earphone or a speaker; when the audio output device is an earphone, the earphone is an on-ear earphone, an over-ear earphone, or an open-back earphone.

[0014] In one embodiment, a secondary housing is provided on the side of the main housing away from the front acoustic region, and a rear cavity is defined between the secondary housing and the sound-generating unit; the secondary housing is provided with a main resonant cavity and / or a secondary resonant cavity communicating with the rear cavity, and is provided with a main acoustic channel communicating with the main resonant cavity and / or a secondary acoustic channel communicating with the secondary resonant cavity.

[0015] This application embodiment also provides a tuning method for an acoustic component, wherein the acoustic component is used in conjunction with a sound-generating unit, the acoustic component includes a main housing, a first resistive structure, multiple main resonant cavities, multiple main acoustic channels, and a second resistive structure disposed at the main acoustic channels, and the tuning method includes: The acoustic components were subjected to acoustic testing. Based on the acoustic test results, the first resistive structure with different parameters is replaced to adjust the airflow state between the tuning cavity defined by the first resistive structure and the external sound transmission space; and / or Based on the acoustic test results, the second resistive structure with different parameters was replaced to adjust the acoustic response of the main acoustic channel.

[0016] This application provides an acoustic component, an audio output device, and a tuning method for the acoustic component, wherein: the acoustic component is used in conjunction with a sound-generating unit and includes a main housing, a first resistive structure, multiple main resonant cavities, and multiple main acoustic channels; the main housing is used to form a front acoustic region located in front of the sound-generating unit together with the sound-generating unit; the first resistive structure is disposed on the main housing and is used to define a tuning cavity within the front acoustic region; the tuning cavity is located between the first resistive structure and the sound-generating unit; the first resistive structure is located between the tuning cavity and an external sound transmission space, and the first resistive structure allows airflow between the tuning cavity and the external sound transmission space; the multiple main resonant cavities are disposed within the main housing; the multiple main acoustic channels are disposed on the inner wall of the main housing; wherein at least a portion of the multiple main acoustic channels communicates with the tuning cavity and at least a portion of the multiple main resonant cavities. With the above settings, a relatively stable and controllable tuning cavity can be defined on the front side of the sound unit, reducing the impact of changes in the external sound transmission space on the acoustic adjustment results. Furthermore, the airflow, damping coupling, and resonance relationship in the sound propagation path can be adjusted through the main acoustic channel and the main resonant cavity, thereby improving the controllability and consistency of acoustic adjustment. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an acoustic component in one embodiment of this application.

[0018] Figure 2This is an exploded view of an acoustic component in one embodiment of this application.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an acoustic component in one embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the main housing in the acoustic component in one embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the main housing in the acoustic component from another perspective in one embodiment of this application.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first resistive structure in the acoustic component in one embodiment of this application.

[0023] Figure 7 This is another cross-sectional schematic diagram of the acoustic component in one embodiment of this application.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an audio output device, specifically an earphone, in one embodiment of this application.

[0025] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an audio output device showing another earphone in one embodiment of this application.

[0026] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an audio output device demonstrating a speaker in one embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an audio output device demonstrating a speaker in one embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram comparing the frequency response curves of audio output devices under different structural schemes in the embodiments of this application after being balanced by the Harman OE 2018 Linear target curve.

[0029] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram comparing the original sampling frequency response curve and the reference target curve of the audio output device in an unbalanced state in an embodiment of this application.

[0030] Figure Labels 100. Acoustic components; 200. Sound unit; 300. Headphones; 400. Speakers; 500. Earpieces; 10. Main housing; 11. Front acoustic area; 12. Tuning cavity; 13. External sound transmission space; 14. Rear cavity; 15. Secondary housing; 20. First resistive structure; 30. Main resonant cavity; 31. Separation structure; 40. Main acoustic channel; 50. Enclosure structure; 60. Secondary resonant cavity; 70. Secondary acoustic channel; 80. Second resistive structure; 90. Part One; 91. Part Two; 92. Part Three; 94. Part Four; 95. First Partition; 96. Part Five; 97. Part Six; 98. Second Partition; 301. Ear pads; 302. Headband; 303. Ear covers.

[0031] The following detailed embodiments will further illustrate this application in conjunction with the above figures. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments.

[0033] It should be noted that when an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an element positioned in between. When an element is considered to be "set" on another element, it can be directly set on the other element or there may be an element positioned in between. In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "linked," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can refer to the internal communication between two elements.

[0034] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

[0035] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0036] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a mutually exclusive, independent, or alternative embodiment. Where there is no conflict, the various embodiments in this application can be combined with each other.

[0037] For traditional open or semi-open headphones, the front acoustic area between the ear and the speaker unit is not a fixed space. This space is affected by a variety of factors, such as different ear sizes and ear canal shapes, different headphone wearing positions, different headphone clamping forces, different degrees of compression of the earcups or foam, whether there is air leakage, different earcup material aging, moisture or deformation, and different batches of speaker units. Therefore, if traditional headphone tuning methods rely directly on the front acoustic area, earcups or foam to correct the sound, it is essentially tuning in an unstable large space. The spatial boundaries will change, the equivalent volume will also change, and the sound is prone to drift and the sound reproduction is poor.

[0038] The embodiments of this application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, this application embodiment provides an acoustic component 100, which is used in conjunction with a sound-emitting unit 200 to guide, couple, resonate, and dampen the sound waves emitted by the sound-emitting unit 200, thereby achieving physical tuning of the audio output device. Specifically, the acoustic component 100 includes: The main housing 10 is used together with the sound-generating unit 200 to form a front acoustic region 11 located in front of the sound-generating unit 200; The first resistive structure 20 is disposed on the main housing 10; Multiple main resonant cavities 30 are disposed within the main housing 10; and Multiple main acoustic channels 40 are disposed on the inner wall of the main housing 10; The first resistive structure 20 defines a tuning cavity 12 within the front acoustic region 11. The tuning cavity 12 is located between the first resistive structure 20 and the sound-generating unit 200. The first resistive structure 20 is located between the tuning cavity 12 and the external sound transmission space 13. The first resistive structure 20 allows airflow between the tuning cavity 12 and the external sound transmission space 13, so that the tuning cavity 12 and the external sound transmission space 13 are connected in a controlled manner. At least a portion of the plurality of main acoustic channels 40 are connected to the tuning cavity 12 and at least a portion of the plurality of main resonant cavities 30.

[0040] In this embodiment, given that the size of the front acoustic region 11 in related technologies is uncontrollable—for example, for headphones, the distance between the ear and the sound-generating unit is affected by various factors, such as different ear sizes and ear canal shapes, different headphone wearing positions, and different headphone clamping forces—it is not a fixed space. Therefore, the first resistive structure 20 of this application is disposed within the front acoustic region 11 and located in front of the sound-generating unit 200. A volume-controllable tuning cavity 12 is formed between the first resistive structure 20 and the sound-generating unit 200. The outer side of the first resistive structure 20 is the external sound transmission space 13, which is determined according to… The actual application of acoustic component 100 is uncontrollable. This application transforms an uncontrollable large space (front acoustic region 11) into a small space with controllable volume (tuning cavity 12), and the remaining space (external sound transmission space 13). In other words, instead of directly tuning in an open, changing, and unstable large space (front acoustic region 11), a smaller, more stable, and more controllable equivalent front acoustic region (tuning cavity 12) is artificially constructed in front of the sound-generating unit 200 through the first resistive structure 20, the main resonant cavity 30, and the main acoustic channel 40, and then frequency response correction is performed around this tuning cavity 12.

[0041] It should be noted that when the acoustic component 100 is used in the headphones 300, the external sound transmission space 13 is the space between the main housing 10 and the user's ear 500. When the acoustic component 100 is used in the speaker 400, the external sound transmission space 13 is the space between the main housing 10 and the external environment, and is ultimately transmitted to the user's ear 500. By setting the first resistive structure 20 in the front acoustic area 11, the originally difficult-to-control tuning space can be divided into the tuning cavity 12 near the sound unit 200 and the external sound transmission space 13 located outside it. This makes the tuning no longer directly dependent on an unstable large space. Instead, a relatively stable and easy-to-control tuning area (tuning cavity 12) is first formed in front of the sound unit 200. Then, a controlled communication relationship is established between the first resistive structure 20 and the external sound transmission space 13, making the front space of the sound unit 200 easier to control and improving the stability of the tuning result.

[0042] It should be further explained that the tuning cavity 12 on the side closer to the sound-generating unit 200 is the main tuning space, while the external sound transmission space 13 located outside it is an open or semi-open space with variable spatial boundaries. It mainly serves to output sound and couple with the ear 500 or the external sound field, rather than being the core tuning object.

[0043] In some embodiments, the volume of the tuning cavity 12 is smaller than the volume of the external sound transmission space 13. The tuning cavity 12 is located close to the sound-generating unit 200, and the external sound transmission space 13 is located outside the tuning cavity 12. In this way, the space in front of the sound-generating unit 200 is smaller, more concentrated, and easier to control. The external sound transmission space 13 mainly undertakes the function of projecting sound outward and coupling with the ear 500 or the external sound field. This structure of smaller inside and larger outside is more conducive to fine control of the front tuning and can also reduce the impact of wearing status, ear shape differences, and changes in openness.

[0044] It should be noted that when the acoustic component 100 is used in the on-ear headphone 300, the external sound transmission space 13 includes at least the ear space 500 that communicates with the ear canal. Therefore, during the manufacturing process, the volume of the tuning cavity 12 can be smaller than the volume of the external sound transmission space 13.

[0045] In some embodiments, the first resistive structure 20 may be a porous coupler, which may be foam, a porous body, a microporous material, a three-dimensional lattice porous structure, or a combination thereof. The first resistive structure 20 provides a coupling path with a predetermined flow resistance between the tuning cavity 12 and the external sound transmission space 13, maintaining acoustic connectivity between the two while preserving relatively stable boundary conditions for the tuning cavity 12. The tuning result can be adjusted by modifying the material, thickness, porosity, and / or flow resistance parameters of the first resistive structure 20.

[0046] The resistance strength, aperture ratio, and structural form of the first resistive structure 20 also affect the equivalent space size on the front side of the sound unit 200. When the resistance of the first resistive structure 20 is strong, the tuning cavity 12 is closer to its own physical volume, resulting in a stronger overall tuning effect. When the resistance of the first resistive structure 20 is weak, the overall tuning effect is weaker. Therefore, the front boundary conditions and tuning results can be more precisely controlled by adjusting the parameters of the first resistive structure 20.

[0047] In some embodiments, the first resistive structure 20 can be detachably installed on the main housing 10 according to its own structure. For example, the first resistive structure 20 can be installed on the main housing 10 by snap-fit, plug-in, snap-fit, screw-fit, screw-lock, embedding, sliding groove fit, pressure frame fixation, or magnetic positioning combined with a limiting structure. Alternatively, two or more of these methods can be combined according to structural needs.

[0048] By setting a detachable structure, it is easy to replace the first resistive structure 20 with different parameters during the tuning process, such as replacing the first resistive structure 20 with different materials, thicknesses, opening ratios, or flow resistance characteristics, so as to find a suitable tuning solution more quickly. In addition, the first resistive structure 20 may age, become contaminated, deform, or change its damping characteristics after long-term use. Making it detachable also facilitates subsequent replacement without having to modify or scrap the main housing 10, thereby reducing development and maintenance costs.

[0049] In some embodiments, a sealing structure, such as a sealing ring (not shown), may be provided between the first resistive structure 20 and the main housing 10 to improve the stability of the tuning cavity 12 boundary while ensuring ease of disassembly and assembly.

[0050] Combination Figure 4 and Figure 5 In some embodiments, multiple main acoustic channels 40 are disposed within the main housing 10 and communicate with the tuning cavity 12. The main acoustic channels 40 can be channels, slits, grooves, or other structures suitable for forming sound wave guiding paths. Some of the sound waves in the tuning cavity 12 can enter multiple main resonant cavities 30 through the multiple main acoustic channels 40, thereby establishing multiple resonant adjustment branches between the tuning cavity 12 and the main resonant cavities 30. Different main acoustic channels 40 can correspond to different coupling paths, providing a basis for segmented adjustment of multiple frequency bands.

[0051] In some embodiments, at least two of the multiple main acoustic channels 40 have different cross-sectional areas. The main acoustic channels 40 with different cross-sectional areas will bring different equivalent acoustic quality and flow resistance characteristics. When combined with the main resonant cavities 30 with different volumes, different resonant responses can be formed. In this way, different branches can play a role in different frequency ranges, and the adjustment means are also more abundant.

[0052] Multiple main resonant cavities 30 are arranged within the space defined by the main housing 10. At least two of the multiple main resonant cavities 30 can have different volumes. The main resonant cavities 30 with different volumes will correspond to different equivalent compliance cavity parameters, as well as different resonant frequencies and adjustment depths. When the multiple main resonant cavities 30 are connected to the tuning cavity 12 through multiple main acoustic channels 40, different adjustment effects can be formed around different frequency bands. It can not only handle single peaks or valleys, but also correct complex frequency response curves formed by multiple local fluctuations.

[0053] In some embodiments, the main resonant cavity 30 and the main acoustic channel 40 together constitute the main resonant branch. The main resonant branch can be a Helmholtz resonant branch. Multiple main resonant cavities 30 can also be separated from each other by a partition structure 31 to form multiple independent main resonant cavity 30 units arranged circumferentially. In this way, the branches are less likely to crosstalk each other, and the adjustment of different frequency bands is clearer.

[0054] In this embodiment, the main housing 10 is annular, including a first part 90, a second part 91, a third part 92, and a fourth part 94. The partition structure 31 is a first partition 95. The second part 91 and the fourth part 94 are both annular, with the diameter of the second part 91 being larger than the diameter of the fourth part 94. The second part 91 and the fourth part 94 are concentrically arranged. The first part 90 and the third part 92 respectively cover the openings at both ends of the second part 91, and both the first part 90 and the third part 92 are connected to the fourth part 94. The first partition 95 is located in the space between the first part 90, the second part 91, the third part 92, and the fourth part 94, and is used to divide a large space to form a corresponding number of main resonant cavities 30. The main acoustic channel 40 is disposed on the fourth part 94 to connect the main resonant cavity 30 and the tuning cavity 12.

[0055] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 In some embodiments, the acoustic component 100 further includes an enclosure structure 50, at least one secondary acoustic channel 70, and at least one secondary resonant cavity 60. The enclosure structure 50 is disposed on the main housing 10 and together with the main housing 10 defines at least one secondary resonant cavity 60. At least a portion of the at least one secondary acoustic channel 70 is connected to the tuning cavity 12 and at least a portion of the at least one secondary resonant cavity 60. The enclosure structure 50 is mainly used to further enclose the boundary space of the secondary resonant cavity 60 on the basis of the main housing 10, so that the secondary resonant cavity 60 can cooperate with the main resonant cavity 30 to form an additional resonance adjustment path. The secondary acoustic channel 70 can introduce part of the sound waves in the tuning cavity 12 into the secondary resonant cavity 60 to further correct the acoustic response of the local frequency band, thereby improving the overall tuning refinement and flexibility.

[0056] In this embodiment, the enclosure structure 50 is annular, including a fifth part 96 and a sixth part 97 connected in sequence. The partition structure 31 is a second partition 98. The fifth part 96 is a certain distance from the sound-generating unit 200 to form a tuning cavity 12. The outer periphery of the fifth part 96 is disposed on the inner periphery of the fourth part 94. The first resistive structure 20 is disposed on the inner periphery of the sixth part 97. The fifth part 96, the sixth part 97, and the first part 90 enclose a large sub-resonant cavity 60. Then, the large sub-resonant cavity 60 is divided into individual small sub-resonant cavities 60 by a corresponding number of second partitions 98. The sub-acoustic channel 70 is disposed in the fifth part 96 to connect the tuning cavity 12 and the sub-resonant cavity 60. In this embodiment, the sub-acoustic channel 70 is a circular hole, and different sizes or numbers of circular holes can be provided according to the size of the sub-acoustic channel 70.

[0057] When there are multiple secondary resonant cavities 60, at least two secondary resonant cavities 60 can also have different volumes. When there are multiple secondary acoustic channels 70, at least two secondary acoustic channels 70 can also have different cross-sectional areas. In this way, the secondary branches themselves will also form different coupling strengths and resonant responses, and the adjustment freedom of the entire system will be higher.

[0058] In some embodiments, a second resistive structure 80 may be provided at the connection point of the main acoustic channel 40. When a secondary acoustic channel 70 and a secondary resonant cavity 60 are provided, a second resistive structure 80 may also be provided at the secondary acoustic channel 70. The second resistive structure 80 may be made of foam, tuning paper, microporous membrane or a combination of these structures. Its main function is to change the flow resistance, damping and Q value at the corresponding passage.

[0059] The first resistive structure 20 mainly functions between the large and small spaces in front of the sound unit 200, while the second resistive structure 80 mainly functions at the local positions of each resonant branch, focusing on further adjusting the local peaks and valleys, bandwidth, and resonant intensity. The two resistive structures, one for the overall system and the other for the details, work together to achieve both frequency band adjustment and a smoother overall response.

[0060] Compared to traditional methods that rely on earcups, foam, or a single damping element for adjustment, this application does not make a rough correction to the overall acoustic load on the front side. Instead, it adjusts the response of different frequency bands in segments through the cooperation of the tuning cavity 12, the first resistive structure 20, the main resonant branch, the secondary resonant branch, and the second resistive structure 80. Therefore, it is more suitable for processing complex frequency response curves formed by multiple local peaks and valleys.

[0061] In some embodiments, the second resistive structure 80 can also be detachably connected to the corresponding connecting part. In this way, the second resistive structure 80 with different parameters can be replaced during the test without modifying the main structure of the main housing 10, and each resonant branch can be adjusted separately, resulting in higher tuning efficiency.

[0062] Combination Figures 8 to 11 The audio output device provided in this application embodiment includes a sound-generating unit 200 and the aforementioned acoustic component 100. The audio output device can be an earphone 300 or a speaker 400. When the audio output device is an earphone 300, the earphone 300 can be an on-ear earphone 300, an over-ear earphone 300, or an open-back earphone 300.

[0063] When the audio output device is headphones 300, headphones 300 may include ear tips 303, ear pads 301 and headband 302. Ear tips 303 can be used to form an open-fit structure or maintain a predetermined distance from the user's ear 500. Ear pads 301 are installed in the sound output area and cooperate with the user's ear 500 or the area around the ear to form a relatively closed, semi-closed or open front load space. Headband 302 is used to connect the left and right sound output structures and support the headphones 300 to be worn on the user's head.

[0064] Since the fit of the ear 500, the compression of the ear pad 301, the sealing around the ear, and the wearing position all affect the front load conditions, traditional front tuning is often prone to drift. However, this application forms a tuning cavity 12 in front of the sound unit 200 and then uses a first resistive structure 20 to connect the tuning cavity 12 and the external sound transmission space 13. This can stabilize the space that truly undertakes the main adjustment function as much as possible. In this way, even if the external conditions change, the core front tuning relationship is not easily disrupted.

[0065] Combination Figure 7 In some embodiments, a secondary housing 15 is provided on the side of the main housing 10 away from the front acoustic region 11, and the secondary housing 15 is also provided with a main resonant cavity 30 and / or a secondary resonant cavity 60.

[0066] In this embodiment, the main housing 10 and the secondary housing 15 can be connected by snap-fit, screw-fit, glue-fit, welding, magnetic attraction, twist-lock, or a combination thereof. The secondary housing 15 and the sound-generating unit 200 form a rear cavity 14. In the rear cavity 14, a main resonant branch and a secondary resonant branch can be set according to actual needs. Specifically, the secondary housing 15 is provided with a main resonant cavity 30 and a corresponding main acoustic channel 40, and the secondary housing 15 is provided with a secondary resonant cavity 60 and a corresponding secondary acoustic channel 70. At the same time, the main acoustic channel 40 and the secondary acoustic channel 70 of the rear cavity 14 are also provided with corresponding second resistive structures 80.

[0067] In this way, some of the sound waves in the rear cavity 14 can also be connected to the main resonant cavity 30 through the corresponding main acoustic channel 40, thereby forming an additional adjustment path for the acoustic response on the back side of the sound-generating unit 200, so that the adjustments on both sides of the front acoustic region 11 and the rear cavity 14 can be used in combination.

[0068] In some embodiments, the main housing 10, the secondary housing 15, and the structures defining the tuning cavity 12, the main acoustic channel 40, the main resonant cavity 30, the secondary acoustic channel 70, and the secondary resonant cavity 60 can be formed using standardized processing methods. This makes it easier to keep the dimensional parameters of the related structures consistent, and after assembly, it is less likely to cause significant acoustic drift due to deformation, which is more beneficial for mass production consistency.

[0069] This application embodiment also provides a tuning method for an acoustic component 100. The acoustic component 100 is used in conjunction with a sound-generating unit 200. The acoustic component 100 includes a main housing 10, a first resistive structure 20, a plurality of main resonant cavities 30, a plurality of main acoustic channels 40, and a second resistive structure 80 disposed at the main acoustic channels 40. The tuning method includes: Acoustic testing is performed on acoustic component 100; Based on the acoustic test results, the first resistive structure 20 with different parameters is replaced to adjust the airflow state between the tuning cavity 12 defined by the first resistive structure 20 and the external sound transmission space 13; and / or Based on the acoustic test results, the second resistive structure 80 with different parameters was replaced to adjust the acoustic response of the main acoustic channel 40.

[0070] During the tuning process, acoustic tests and the selection, replacement or adjustment of the first resistive structure 20 and the second resistive structure 80 can be repeated. Different parameters can include at least one of material, thickness and aperture ratio. In this way, the tuning process is not just about suppressing or raising a frequency band, but can be adjusted around the peak, valley, bandwidth and smoothness of multiple target frequency bands.

[0071] In one embodiment, to verify the effect of the acoustic component of this application on the frequency response of the audio output device, acoustic tests were conducted on prototypes with different structural schemes, and the test results were presented in the form of frequency response curves. During the test, the test prototype could be an earphone prototype, the test environment could be a standard test environment, and the acquisition device could be an artificial ear, model GRAS KB5001 RA 0402. During the test, a test signal with a level of -15 dBV was input to the test prototype. In the test results, the horizontal axis represents frequency, and the vertical axis represents sound pressure level.

[0072] In one embodiment, to more intuitively evaluate the deviation of the tested audio output device relative to the reference target curve under different structural schemes, a balance analysis of the test results can be performed in conjunction with the reference target curve. The reference target curve can be a target curve commonly used in the field of headphone listening experience evaluation, such as the Harman OE 2018 Linear target curve.

[0073] like Figure 12 As shown, Figure 12The comparison results of the frequency response curves of prototypes under different structural schemes after being balanced by the Harman OE 2018 Linear Target Curve are shown. Significant differences exist in the frequency response curves of the audio output devices in the three sets of comparative embodiments. Line a represents the frequency response curve of the prototype without the acoustic structure of this application; line b represents the frequency response curve of the prototype with the acoustic structure of this application but without the first resistive structure 20 and the second resistive structure 80; and line c represents the frequency response curve of the prototype with the acoustic structure of this application and with both the first resistive structure 20 and the second resistive structure 80. To facilitate comparison of frequency response differences between different structural schemes, the test curves can be aligned at a preset frequency point; in one embodiment, the preset frequency point is 200 Hz.

[0074] The comparison of the three sets of test results shows that after adopting the acoustic structure of this application, the frequency response of multiple frequency bands changes. After further setting the first resistive structure 20 and the second resistive structure 80, the local peaks and valleys of multiple target frequency bands are suppressed, and the overall frequency response curve is smoother. This indicates that the acoustic structure of this application can make more stable and controllable adjustments to the acoustic load on the front side of the sound unit, which is conducive to improving the controllability and consistency of the acoustic adjustment of the audio output device.

[0075] like Figure 13 As shown, Figure 13 This diagram illustrates the comparison between the original sampled frequency response curve of the tested headphone under unbalanced conditions and the reference target curve. Line d represents the original sampled frequency response curve of the tested headphone under unbalanced conditions, and line e represents the Harman OE 2018 Linear target curve. By comparing the original frequency response curve of the tested object with the reference target curve, the differences in the tested object's response relative to the reference target curve in different frequency bands such as low, mid, and high frequencies can be observed more intuitively, thus providing a basis for acoustic structure adjustment. It should be noted that this comparison is used to characterize the deviation of the tested object relative to the reference target curve and does not imply that the original frequency response curve itself should be flat.

[0076] In some embodiments, as can be seen from the above frequency response tests and balance analysis, this application does not simply adjust the gain or attenuation of a single frequency band. Instead, it constructs a tuning cavity 12 on the front side of the sound unit, and, in conjunction with a first resistive structure 20, multiple main resonant cavities 30, multiple main acoustic channels 40, and optionally a secondary resonant cavity 60, a secondary acoustic channel 70, and a second resistive structure 80, it performs segmented adjustment of the response to multiple target frequency bands. Compared to schemes that do not adopt the structure of this application or do not set the corresponding resistive structure, after adopting the structure of this application and setting the first resistive structure 20 and the second resistive structure 80, the local peaks and valleys of the target frequency bands are more effectively corrected, the frequency response distribution is smoother, which is beneficial to improving the acoustic performance of the audio output device and improving the consistency of the audio output device.

[0077] In some embodiments, the above test curves can be aligned using different methods and reference sound pressure levels as needed for actual comparison. Preferably, to better illustrate the relative response differences between different schemes in the mid-frequency and higher frequency bands, sound pressure level alignment at 200Hz can be used. It should be understood that the alignment frequency and reference sound pressure level can be set according to the test purpose, prototype type, and display requirements, and are not limited here.

[0078] The test results above further demonstrate that this application forms a relatively independent tuning cavity 12 with a more easily controllable volume on the front side of the sound-generating unit, and uses a first resistive structure 20 to controllably connect the tuning cavity 12 with the external sound transmission space 13, so that the core front space on which the tuning depends is no longer directly affected by large changes in the external sound transmission space; at the same time, the response of different frequency bands is specifically adjusted through the main resonant branch and the optional secondary resonant branch, thereby making the acoustic adjustment results more stable and controllable.

[0079] This application, by adjusting the resistance of the acoustic component 100 and the volume of the tuning cavity 12, can achieve targeted attenuation, compression, or smoothing of certain frequency bands. From the perspective of tuning goals, traditional headphones can usually only make relatively unidirectional corrections to high or low frequencies. For example, after absorbing high frequencies, the low frequencies may become hollow; after releasing low frequencies, the high frequencies may become more harsh. Faced with complex frequency response curves with excessively high mid-frequency, uneven response on both sides, and alternating peaks and valleys, traditional headphones find it difficult to simultaneously achieve the effect of "compressing the middle, stabilizing both sides, and smoothing the peaks and valleys".

[0080] This application can use a combination of a first resistive structure 20, multiple main resonant branches, multiple secondary resonant branches, and multiple second resistive structures 80 to perform more refined shaping of complex frequency response curves.

[0081] Furthermore, the first resistive structure 20, multiple main resonant branches, multiple secondary resonant branches, and multiple second resistive structures 80 can also be used to implement more precise adjustments to specific frequency bands. On the one hand, such structures can control the response of certain prominent areas in the mid-frequency range, suppressing overly forward or harsh vocals or high frequencies; on the other hand, the secondary resonant branches and multiple second resistive structures 80 can also smooth out sharp peaks and valleys by adjusting the Q value of the resonance peaks, reducing abrupt fluctuations in the curves. For complex responses that are not a single peak but consist of multiple local fluctuations, segmented compression and smooth transitions can also be achieved through the combination of multiple structures.

[0082] From a listening perspective, some open-back headphones in their original state may exhibit overly high frequencies in the 1kHz and 4kHz range, insufficient bass quantity and support, resulting in vocals sounding too close, high frequencies sounding harsh, and an overall unnatural sound. The ideal state is not simply about suppressing high frequencies or boosting low frequencies overall, but rather about making the frequency response distribution more in line with the goal of natural listening. If compensation is performed using a reference target curve, the flatter the residual after compensation, the closer the structure is to the ideal tuning result. From the perspective of original listening experience, the goal is to avoid inverted U-shaped or N-shaped midrange buildup, resulting in a more natural overall distribution and more reasonable layering.

[0083] This application can also significantly reduce the impact of external variables on the final sound result. Traditional headphones often exhibit significant deviations between different people, at different times, and even between different batches due to factors such as air leakage in the earcups, material aging, foam compression, and different wearing tightness. However, this application creates a stable small space in front of the sound-producing unit, fixing the core boundaries that are truly involved in tuning, thereby eliminating many previously uncontrollable factors and improving mass production consistency and long-term stability.

[0084] In engineering implementation, if the acoustic component 100 is made of a material with higher rigidity and less deformation, the dimensions, volume, and acoustic parameters of the internal space can be more easily fixed. This allows tuning to be performed around a defined equivalent volume (tuning cavity 12), rather than around an open space that constantly shifts with wear and environmental changes. This provides greater design freedom and better reproducibility for audio output device development and subsequent iterations.

[0085] Therefore, this application divides a stable and controllable tuning space (tuning cavity 12) in front of the sound unit through resistive elements and related cavity structures, and uses this space to accurately correct the frequency response curve, formant shape and listening performance.

[0086] It should also be noted that this application can achieve good sound tuning entirely through acoustic structure. In other words, it can achieve good sound tuning results without relying on any inductor or capacitor circuits or electronic equalizers.

[0087] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions made within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An acoustic assembly for use with a sound emitting unit (200), characterized in that, include: The main housing (10) is used together with the sound-generating unit (200) to form a front acoustic region (11) located in front of the sound-generating unit (200). A first resistive structure (20) is disposed on the main housing (10); Multiple main resonant cavities (30) are disposed within the main housing (10); as well as Multiple main acoustic channels (40) are disposed on the inner wall of the main housing (10); The first resistive structure (20) is used to define a tuning cavity (12) within the front acoustic region (11). The tuning cavity (12) is located between the first resistive structure (20) and the sound-generating unit (200). The first resistive structure (20) is located between the tuning cavity (12) and the external sound transmission space (13). The first resistive structure (20) allows airflow between the tuning cavity (12) and the external sound transmission space (13). At least a portion of the plurality of main acoustic channels (40) are respectively connected to the tuning cavity (12) and to at least a portion of the plurality of main resonant cavities (30).

2. The acoustic assembly of claim 1, wherein, The first resistive structure (20) is a porous coupling element, which is foam, porous body, microporous material, three-dimensional lattice porous structure or a combination thereof.

3. The acoustic assembly of claim 1, wherein, Also includes: Enclosing structure (50) is disposed on the main housing (10), and the enclosing structure (50) and the main housing (10) together define at least one sub-resonant cavity (60). At least one secondary acoustic channel (70), at least a portion of which is in communication with the tuning cavity (12) and at least a portion of which is in communication with the at least one secondary resonant cavity (60).

4. The acoustic component according to claim 3, characterized in that, At least two of the plurality of main resonant cavities (30) have different volumes, and / or there are multiple secondary resonant cavities (60) and at least two secondary resonant cavities (60) have different volumes.

5. The acoustic component according to claim 3, characterized in that, At least two of the plurality of main acoustic channels (40) have different cross-sectional areas; When there are multiple secondary acoustic channels (70), at least two secondary acoustic channels (70) have different cross-sectional areas.

6. The acoustic assembly of claim 3, wherein, The main acoustic channel (40) is provided with a second resistive structure (80); When a secondary acoustic channel (70) is provided, the secondary acoustic channel (70) is also provided with a second resistive structure (80). The second resistive structure (80) is foam, tuning paper, microporous membrane or a combination thereof.

7. The acoustic assembly of claim 3, wherein, The first resistive structure (20) is detachably connected to the main housing (10), and the second resistive structure (80) is detachably disposed at the corresponding main acoustic channel (40) and / or secondary acoustic channel (70).

8. The acoustic assembly of claim 3, wherein, The main resonant cavity (30) and the main acoustic channel (40) together constitute the main resonant branch, and the secondary resonant cavity (60) and the secondary acoustic channel (70) together constitute the secondary resonant branch. The main resonant branch and the secondary resonant branch are Helmholtz resonant branches. The plurality of main resonant cavities (30) and / or secondary resonant cavities (60) are separated from each other by a partition structure (31) to form a plurality of independent resonant cavity units arranged circumferentially.

9. An audio output device, characterized by Includes a sound-generating unit (200) and an acoustic component (100) as described in any one of claims 1-8, wherein the audio output device is an earphone (300) or a speaker (400); when the audio output device is an earphone (300), the earphone (300) is an on-ear earphone (300), an over-ear earphone (300), or an open-back earphone (300).

10. The audio output device of claim 9, wherein, A secondary housing (15) is provided on the side of the main housing (10) away from the front acoustic region (11), and a rear cavity (14) is defined between the secondary housing (15) and the sound-generating unit (200); the secondary housing (15) is provided with a main resonant cavity (30) and / or a secondary resonant cavity (60) communicating with the rear cavity (14), and is provided with a main acoustic channel (40) communicating with the main resonant cavity (30) and / or a secondary acoustic channel (70) communicating with the secondary resonant cavity (60).

11. A tuning method of an acoustic assembly, characterized by, The acoustic component (100) is used in conjunction with the sound-generating unit (200). The acoustic component (100) includes a main housing (10), a first resistive structure (20), multiple main resonant cavities (30), multiple main acoustic channels (40), and a second resistive structure (80) disposed at the main acoustic channels (40). The tuning method includes: The acoustic component (100) is subjected to acoustic testing; Based on the acoustic test results, the first resistive structure (20) with different parameters is replaced to adjust the airflow state between the tuning cavity (12) defined by the first resistive structure (20) and the external sound transmission space (13); and / or Based on the acoustic test results, the second resistive structure (80) with different parameters is replaced to adjust the acoustic response of the main acoustic channel (40).

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