Method, apparatus, storage medium, and electronic equipment for receiving lightning VHF signals and detecting pulse events based on dual-polarized LPDA

Abstract

This application provides a method, apparatus, storage medium, and electronic device for receiving lightning VHF signals and detecting pulse events based on a dual-polarized LPDA, relating to the field of meteorological observation. The method involves first receiving horizontal and vertical electromagnetic signals separately using a dual-polarized log-periodic antenna, amplifying each signal at a single stage, and then combining the amplified signals into a single radio frequency (RF) signal. This single RF signal is further filtered to obtain an optimized single RF signal; this filtering process occurs after the first stage of amplification and before the second stage. This approach improves anti-interference capability and signal tolerance while maintaining low noise, making it easier to stably capture weak lightning signals over long distances.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of meteorological observation, and more specifically, to a method, apparatus, storage medium, and electronic device for receiving lightning VHF signals and detecting pulse events based on a dual-polarized LPDA. Background Technology

[0002] Lightning discharge is accompanied by broadband electromagnetic radiation. Among them, the Very High Frequency (VHF) band (typically tens to hundreds of MHz) contains dense pulse radiation information generated by the gradual breakdown of the lightning channel, which can finely characterize the spatiotemporal evolution of the discharge channel and is an important signal source for achieving high spatiotemporal resolution three-dimensional lightning localization.

[0003] Lightning location technology based on VHF radiation mainly employs a multi-station observation and Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) positioning system. Its basic principle is as follows: multiple observation stations are deployed spatially, each synchronously receiving lightning VHF radiation signals and accurately recording the arrival time of the pulse event; a central processing system performs differential calculations on the arrival times of the multiple stations, establishes and solves the TDOA equations, thereby obtaining the three-dimensional spatial location of the radiation source.

[0004] The most representative VHF lightning 3D localization system currently is the Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) developed by Rison, Krehbiel, and Thomas at the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology in the United States. Each LMA-based station uses an omnidirectional antenna to receive lightning radiation signals from an unused VHF television channel (typically US Channel 3, 60-66 MHz, bandwidth 6 MHz). The station's circuitry performs logarithmic detection and peak triggering on the received signals, recording the GPS (processing system) arrival time corresponding to the signal peak within each fixed time window (typically 80 or 100 microseconds). Each station transmits the timestamp data of the triggered event back to the central processing system, which calculates the 3D location of the radiation source using the TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival) algorithm.

[0005] In practical applications, it has been found that while omnidirectional antennas provide uniform spatial coverage, their low gain makes it difficult to stably capture weak lightning signals at long distances and low elevation angles. While high-gain directional antennas can improve sensitivity, their fixed direction makes them prone to missing events deviating from the main beam direction. Furthermore, most devices use single-polarization reception, failing to utilize the polarization differences between the horizontal and vertical components of lightning radiation, thus limiting the signal-to-noise ratio gain.

[0006] More importantly, even when using dual-polarized antennas, the current method for receiving VHF electromagnetic signals generated by lightning is to first combine the horizontal and vertical signals and then amplify them uniformly. However, the structure of combining before amplification will directly degrade the system noise performance due to the loss of the combiner itself. At the same time, if the filter set to suppress external interference is placed before the amplifier, it can reduce interference, but it will further degrade the signal-to-noise ratio due to insertion loss. If it is placed after the amplifier, strong interference can easily cause nonlinear distortion in the subsequent amplifier. In addition, the noise contribution of the subsequent amplifier cannot be effectively suppressed by the previous stage, which limits the selection of its linear dynamic range. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To overcome at least one deficiency in the prior art, this application provides a method, apparatus, storage medium, and electronic device for receiving lightning VHF signals and detecting pulse events based on a dual-polarized LPDA, which can improve anti-interference capability and signal tolerance range while maintaining low noise, making it easier to stably capture weak lightning signals at long distances.

[0008] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for receiving lightning VHF signals and detecting pulse events based on a dual-polarized LPDA, the method comprising: Horizontal and vertical electromagnetic signals are received through a dual-polarized log-periodic antenna. The horizontal electromagnetic signal and the vertical electromagnetic signal are amplified by one stage respectively, and the amplified horizontal electromagnetic signal and the vertical electromagnetic signal are combined into a single radio frequency signal. The single-channel radio frequency signal is filtered to obtain an optimized single-channel radio frequency signal; The optimized single-channel radio frequency signal is amplified in two stages, and lightning pulse events are identified from the amplified single-channel radio frequency signal.

[0009] Secondly, this application provides a lightning VHF signal receiving and pulse event detection device based on a dual-polarized LPDA, the device comprising: The signal receiving module is used to receive horizontal and vertical electromagnetic signals through a dual-polarized log-periodic antenna. The signal optimization module is used to amplify the horizontal electromagnetic signal and the vertical electromagnetic signal separately by one stage, and then combine the amplified horizontal electromagnetic signal and the vertical electromagnetic signal into a single radio frequency signal. The signal optimization module is also used to filter the single-channel radio frequency signal to obtain an optimized single-channel radio frequency signal. The event recognition module is used to amplify the optimized single-channel radio frequency signal in two stages and identify lightning pulse events from the amplified single-channel radio frequency signal.

[0010] Thirdly, this application provides a storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned method for receiving lightning VHF signals and detecting pulse events based on a dual-polarization LPDA.

[0011] Fourthly, this application provides an electronic device, which includes a processor and a memory. The storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by the processor, implements the aforementioned method for receiving lightning VHF signals and detecting pulse events based on a dual-polarization LPDA.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects: The lightning VHF signal reception and pulse event detection method, apparatus, storage medium, and electronic device based on dual-polarized LPDA provided in this application firstly receive horizontal and vertical electromagnetic signals using a dual-polarized log-periodic antenna, and then amplify each of these two signals at a single stage. The amplified signals are then combined into a single radio frequency (RF) signal. Since the amplification occurs before the combining stage, the inherent loss of the combiner is significantly offset by the gain of the preceding amplification stage, thus avoiding deterioration of the system's noise performance. Furthermore, the single RF signal is filtered to obtain an optimized single RF signal. This filtering process, located after the first-stage amplification and before the second-stage amplification, effectively suppresses strong out-of-band interference without compromising the signal-to-noise ratio due to insertion loss. Simultaneously, the high gain of the first-stage amplification suppresses the noise contribution of the second-stage amplifier, allowing for the selection of a model with higher linearity to handle complex signals.

[0013] In this way, the observation equipment improves its anti-interference capability and signal tolerance range while maintaining low noise, making it easier to capture weak lightning signals at long distances. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 One of the flowcharts for the lightning VHF signal reception and pulse event detection method based on dual-polarized LPDA provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the optimization principle of electromagnetic signals provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3The second flowchart illustrates the lightning VHF signal reception and pulse event detection method based on dual-polarized LPDA provided in this application embodiment. Figure 4 The third flowchart illustrates the lightning VHF signal reception and pulse event detection method based on dual-polarized LPDA provided in this application embodiment. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the system topology of servers and sites provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the lightning VHF signal receiving and pulse event detection device based on dual-polarized LPDA provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application (hereinafter referred to as "the embodiments") clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0017] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0019] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used only for distinguishing descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0020] Based on the above statement, as introduced in the background technology, when receiving VHF electromagnetic signals generated by lightning, the common practice is to first combine the horizontal and vertical signals and then amplify them uniformly. However, the structure of combining before amplification will directly degrade the system noise performance due to the loss of the combiner itself. At the same time, if the filter set to suppress external interference is placed before the amplifier, although it can reduce interference, it will further degrade the signal-to-noise ratio due to insertion loss. If it is placed after the amplifier, strong interference can easily cause nonlinear distortion in the subsequent amplifier. In addition, the noise contribution of the subsequent amplifier cannot be effectively suppressed by the previous stage, which limits the selection of its linear dynamic range.

[0021] For example, if the method of combining first and then amplifying is adopted, the horizontal and vertical antenna signals first pass through an equal power combiner. This device has insertion loss, which means that the signal power will be reduced after passing through this stage, thereby further weakening the already weak lightning signal.

[0022] At this point, the signal has not yet been amplified. The subsequent low-noise amplifier (LNA) can only amplify this weakened signal, but its inherent noise is not suppressed, resulting in an increase in the overall system noise figure and a significant decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio. In this situation, weak lightning pulses from a distance are easily drowned out by the background noise of the equipment itself.

[0023] If the filter is placed before the low-noise amplifier to suppress interference, the resulting insertion loss will further weaken the effective signal; if it is placed after the low-noise amplifier, strong interference signals will enter the amplifier directly without being filtered out, which may cause nonlinear distortion.

[0024] It should be noted that the defects in the solutions in the prior art are the result of practice and careful research. Therefore, the discovery process of the above problems and the solutions proposed by the embodiments of this application in the following text should be regarded as contributions to this application in the process of invention and creation, and should not be understood as technical content known to those skilled in the art.

[0025] Based on the discovery of the above-mentioned technical problems, this embodiment provides a method for receiving lightning VHF signals and detecting pulse events based on a dual-polarized LPDA. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes: S1 receives horizontal and vertical electromagnetic signals through a dual-polarized log-periodic antenna.

[0026] S2 amplifies the horizontal and vertical electromagnetic signals separately, and then combines the amplified horizontal and vertical electromagnetic signals into a single radio frequency signal.

[0027] S3 filters the single-channel RF signal to obtain an optimized single-channel RF signal.

[0028] S4 amplifies the optimized single-channel RF signal in two stages and identifies lightning pulse events from the amplified single-channel RF signal.

[0029] This can be understood as follows: the observation equipment first uses a dual-polarized log-periodic antenna to receive horizontal and vertical electromagnetic signals respectively, and then amplifies each of these two signals at one stage before combining them into a single radio frequency signal. Since the amplification occurs before the combining, the inherent loss of the combiner is largely offset by the gain of the preceding amplification stage, thereby avoiding the deterioration of the system's noise performance.

[0030] The observation equipment further filters the single-channel RF signal to obtain an optimized single-channel RF signal. This filtering process is located after the first-stage amplification and before the second-stage amplification, which can effectively suppress strong out-of-band interference without compromising the signal-to-noise ratio due to insertion loss. At the same time, the high gain of the first-stage amplification suppresses the noise contribution of the second-stage amplifier itself, allowing for the selection of a model with higher linearity to handle complex signals.

[0031] In this way, the observation equipment improves its anti-interference capability and signal tolerance range while maintaining low noise, making it easier to capture weak lightning signals at long distances.

[0032] It is worth noting that the observation device is an electronic device, which can be a laptop computer, a desktop calculator, or a customized embedded device. The observation device also communicates with a server to send the observed data to the server for analysis. The server can be a single server or a group of servers. The server group can be centralized or distributed (e.g., the servers can be a distributed system). In some embodiments, the server can be local or remote relative to the user terminal. In some embodiments, the server can be implemented on a cloud platform; by way of example only, the cloud platform can include private cloud, public cloud, hybrid cloud, community cloud, distributed cloud, inter-cloud, multi-cloud, etc., or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the server can be implemented on an electronic device with one or more components.

[0033] To make the solution provided in this embodiment clearer, the following is combined with... Figure 2 right Figure 1Each step in the flowchart is described in detail. However, it should be understood that the operations in the flowchart may not be implemented in sequence, and steps without logical contextual relationships may be reversed in order or performed simultaneously. Furthermore, those skilled in the art, guided by the content of this application, may add one or more other operations to the flowchart, or remove one or more operations from the flowchart. See also... Figure 1 The method includes: S1 receives horizontal and vertical electromagnetic signals through a dual-polarized log-periodic antenna.

[0034] In this embodiment, the observation equipment can employ a dual-polarized log-periodic antenna (LPDA) to receive both horizontal and vertical electromagnetic signals. It should be understood that the dual-polarized log-periodic antenna is a directional antenna operating in the frequency range of 80 MHz to 350 MHz, covering the frequency range of lightning signals. Its structure includes two mutually orthogonal polarization channels, corresponding to horizontal polarization (H polarization) and vertical polarization (V polarization), respectively, for synchronously receiving very high frequency (VHF) electromagnetic signals generated by lightning radiation. Furthermore, this antenna exhibits stable gain and pattern characteristics over a wide frequency range, enabling it to simultaneously capture electromagnetic wave components with different polarization orientations.

[0035] Based on the above description of horizontal and vertical electromagnetic signals in the embodiments, we will continue with... Figure 1 Step S2 will be explained below: S2 amplifies the horizontal and vertical electromagnetic signals separately, and then combines the amplified horizontal and vertical electromagnetic signals into a single radio frequency signal.

[0036] In this embodiment, the observation device amplifies the horizontal and vertical electromagnetic signals separately, and then combines the amplified horizontal and vertical electromagnetic signals into a single radio frequency signal.

[0037] In practical applications, after impedance matching is achieved by their respective broadband baluns, the two polarized signals each enter an independent low-noise amplifier for a single-stage amplification, with an amplification gain of approximately 20 dB. Subsequently, the two amplified signals are combined into a single RF signal output through an equal-power combiner (using a Wilkinson power divider in reverse). Since the path loss of approximately 3.5 dB of the combiner occurs after two stages of amplification, it translates to only approximately 0.035 dB at the antenna input. Therefore, the system noise figure can be stably controlled at approximately 1.5 dB, which is better than the approximately 5 dB noise figure caused by the traditional combiner-then-amplify architecture. The improvement is 3.5 dB, which is equivalent to increasing the lightning detection distance by approximately 50% under the same signal-to-noise ratio detection threshold.

[0038] Based on the above description of single-channel radio frequency signals in the embodiments, the following will continue to discuss... Figure 1 Step S3 will be explained below: S3 filters the single-channel RF signal to obtain an optimized single-channel RF signal.

[0039] It should be noted that the VHF electromagnetic signals from lightning are also accompanied by strong interference sources such as FM broadcasts and aviation communications within their frequency band. If the filter is placed before the amplification link, its insertion loss will directly degrade the system's signal-to-noise ratio and weaken the ability to capture weak signals. If it is placed after the amplification link, strong interference signals may produce nonlinear distortion during amplification, forming false pulses or masking the real lightning signal. In addition, in traditional architectures, the noise contributions of each stage of the amplifier are superimposed, and the non-ideal characteristics of the later stage amplifier cannot be effectively suppressed by the previous stage, further limiting the identification of weak lightning events at long distances.

[0040] Therefore, this embodiment provides the following optional implementation methods for step S3: S3-1 processes a single-channel RF signal using a bandpass filter to obtain a bandpass-filtered single-channel RF signal.

[0041] S3-2 processes the bandpass filtered single-channel RF signal using an FM broadcast notch filter to obtain an optimized single-channel RF signal.

[0042] In this embodiment, the observation equipment can process a single-channel RF signal using a bandpass filter to obtain a bandpass-filtered single-channel RF signal; then, it can process the bandpass-filtered single-channel RF signal using an FM broadcast notch filter to obtain an optimized single-channel RF signal. The bandpass filter is a VHF bandpass filter (BPF) with a passband range of 80~350 MHz, out-of-band rejection greater than 40 dB, and in-band insertion loss less than 1 dB. The FM broadcast notch filter has a stopband coverage of 88~108 MHz, in-band rejection greater than 40 dB, and is an optional configuration. Both stages of filtering are located after the first-stage low-noise amplifier and before the second-stage low-noise amplifier, effectively suppressing strong out-of-band interference without degrading the system noise figure, preventing signal distortion during the second-stage amplification process.

[0043] Based on the above description of the optimization method for single-channel radio frequency signals in the embodiments, the following will continue to discuss... Figure 1 Step S4 will be explained below: S4 amplifies the optimized single-channel RF signal in two stages and identifies lightning pulse events from the amplified single-channel RF signal.

[0044] This embodiment can be understood as follows: through the collaborative design of two-stage discrete amplification, while ensuring the overall low noise performance of the system, it enhances the linear dynamic carrying capacity of the radio frequency link. Thus, in the actual observation environment where strong and weak signals coexist and interference background fluctuates, it can still capture various lightning VHF radiation pulses, ranging from weak discharges at a distance to strong radiation at a close distance.

[0045] In practical applications, after the observation equipment completes the first-stage amplification and combining, followed by bandpass filtering and FM broadcast notch filtering, an optimized single-channel RF signal is obtained. This signal is then fed into a second-stage low-noise amplifier for secondary amplification. Since the first stage already has a high gain of approximately 20dB, the noise figure of the second-stage low-noise amplifier has a significantly reduced impact on the overall system noise figure, with its actual contribution being less than 0.05dB. Therefore, without sacrificing system sensitivity, an amplifier model with a higher compression point (P1dB) can be selected, thereby improving the linear tolerance to signals with both strong and weak signals and preventing long-distance weak pulses from being submerged by noise and short-distance strong pulses from causing saturation clipping.

[0046] In other words, the entire RF link thus achieves a total gain of approximately 38.5dB (including two stages of 20dB amplification, approximately 0dB net gain from the combiner, and approximately 1.5dB insertion loss from the filter), while keeping the system noise figure at approximately 1.5dB, thereby enabling the capture of lightning VHF radiated pulses from different distances and intensities.

[0047] In this way, the observation equipment, through the dual-polarization diversity receiver architecture of amplification before combining, not only obtains the signal-to-noise ratio gain of the two orthogonal polarized signals, but also avoids the degradation of noise performance caused by combiner loss. Furthermore, because the RF link adopts a simplified RF link design without analog mixer, it not only reduces hardware complexity and development risk, but also avoids non-ideal effects such as image frequency interference, intermodulation spurious emissions, and local oscillator leakage, so that the signal after secondary amplification has high fidelity and high dynamic adaptability.

[0048] The above design not only enables stable response to weak long-range signals in complex electromagnetic environments, but also handles sudden strong short-range pulses, improving the integrity and robustness of lightning event detection.

[0049] It should also be noted that the VHF band naturally contains a large number of man-made signals such as FM broadcasts and aviation communications, the intensity of which may far exceed that of long-distance lightning radiation; at the same time, the duration of the lightning pulse itself is extremely short. Under these circumstances, if observation equipment cannot dynamically distinguish between the real lightning pulse and various interference signals, it will manifest in two ways: generating a massive number of false triggers during periods of active interference, drowning out the real event; or raising the threshold to suppress false triggers, resulting in a large number of weak signals being missed. Therefore, if... Figure 3The lightning VHF signal reception and pulse event detection method based on dual-polarized LPDA provided in this embodiment also includes: S5 extracts the demodulated data to be identified from the amplified single-channel radio frequency signal.

[0050] S6, based on the demodulated data to be identified, calculate the signal response intensity and background noise intensity within a preset time window.

[0051] S7. If the signal response intensity is greater than the threshold set based on the background noise intensity, then extract the waveform features of the preset time window.

[0052] S8. If the waveform characteristics meet the preset conditions, then it is determined that a lightning pulse event exists.

[0053] In this embodiment, the observation device identifies lightning pulse events from the amplified single-channel radio frequency signal and adopts a two-level event-triggered detection mechanism to ensure that real lightning signals are not missed as much as possible while effectively eliminating various non-lightning interferences.

[0054] In practical applications, the observation equipment can first extract the demodulated data to be identified from the amplified single-channel radio frequency signal, and then statistically analyze the signal response intensity and background noise intensity within a preset time window based on the data. Subsequently, the signal response intensity is compared with a threshold dynamically set according to the background noise intensity. When the signal response intensity exceeds the threshold, it is marked as a candidate event, thereby achieving a high recall rate and ensuring that weak lightning pulses are not missed.

[0055] Based on this, the observation equipment further conducts a secondary trigger judgment for each candidate event, that is, analyzes its waveform characteristics, detects whether the pulse width is within the reasonable range of typical lightning VHF radiation (0.1 microseconds to 10 microseconds), and whether the waveform rising edge and other morphology conform to the inherent characteristics of lightning pulses, thereby eliminating interference events that deviate significantly from the lightning pattern and reducing the false trigger rate.

[0056] for Figure 3 In step S5, it should also be noted that after the observation equipment completes analog-to-digital sampling and obtains quadrature demodulated data, although the data is confined to the target subband, it may still contain narrowband continuous interference that has not been completely removed by the front-end analog filter, such as residual FM broadcast signals, which can interfere with the identification of the waveform characteristics of the real lightning pulse. Therefore, this embodiment provides the following optional implementation methods for step S5: S5-1 performs analog-to-digital sampling on the amplified single-channel RF signal to obtain quadrature demodulated data.

[0057] S5-2, If narrowband interference exists in the quadrature demodulated data, the quadrature demodulated data is processed using a digital notch filter of the corresponding frequency to obtain the demodulated data to be identified.

[0058] S5-3 If there is no narrowband interference in the quadrature demodulated data, then the quadrature demodulated data will be used as the demodulated data to be identified.

[0059] This can be understood as follows: after obtaining the orthogonal demodulated data, the observation device in this embodiment adaptively applies further filtering processing according to its actual interference situation.

[0060] In practical applications, the observation equipment first performs analog-to-digital sampling on the amplified single-channel radio frequency signal to obtain narrowband quadrature demodulated data; then, it determines whether there is narrowband interference in the quadrature demodulated data.

[0061] If present, the pre-configured digital notch filter in the Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is invoked to perform adaptive notch filtering for the exact frequency of the interference signal, so as to accurately suppress the remaining narrowband interference, such as FM broadcast carriers that are not completely filtered out by the front-end analog filter.

[0062] If there is no significant narrowband interference, the observation equipment will directly use the orthogonal demodulated data as the demodulated data to be identified.

[0063] Therefore, this processing is an optional operation, and the observation equipment makes dynamic decisions based on the real-time signal quality. This avoids introducing unnecessary processing delays and distortions into clean signals, while ensuring that the signal-to-noise ratio of subsequent event identification is improved when interference is present.

[0064] It should also be noted that, as an optional implementation, the above-mentioned digital notch filtering can be completed in real time at the hardware level by FPGA, while the parameter configuration, mode switching and operation status monitoring of the entire processing flow are all uniformly managed by the ARM processor integrated inside the observation equipment in the Linux operating system environment; the ARM processor provides control tasks such as SPI / I2C communication, 4G module scheduling, remote command response and site health monitoring, so that the observation equipment does not need to be connected to an external independent embedded computer, thereby reducing the power consumption and physical size of the whole machine and enhancing the engineering feasibility of long-term deployment in the field.

[0065] Regarding step S5-1 above, it should also be noted that when the observation equipment performs analog-to-digital sampling on the amplified single-channel radio frequency signal, if a traditional Nyquist analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is used, its quantization accuracy is evenly distributed across the entire broadband range, with an effective number of bits typically only 8 to 12, corresponding to a dynamic range of approximately 50 dB to 72 dB. However, the intensity of the VHF lightning radiation signal itself varies greatly, with the energy difference between a strong discharge pulse at close range and a weak pulse at a long distance exceeding 60 dB. After the addition of external background noise and human interference, the actual signal dynamic range often exceeds the capacity of a traditional analog-to-digital converter (ADC).

[0066] In this situation, the observation equipment may either experience ADC saturation and clipping due to an excessively strong input signal, resulting in the loss of pulse peaks and waveform details; or the signal may be too weak and completely overwhelmed by quantization noise, preventing effective detection. Therefore, this embodiment provides the following optional implementation methods for step S5-1: S5-1-1 configures the digital downconverter according to the configured center frequency and output bandwidth.

[0067] S5-1-2 uses an oversampling Σ-Δ analog-to-digital converter to sample the amplified single-channel RF signal to obtain a digital bitstream.

[0068] S5-1-3 uses a digital down-converter to process the digital bitstream to obtain quadrature demodulated data.

[0069] This embodiment can be understood as follows: by using an oversampled Σ-Δ analog-to-digital converter and an on-chip configurable digital down-converter (DDC) to process a single radio frequency signal in a coordinated manner, a high-fidelity digitization of the target subband signal in a single radio frequency signal can be achieved.

[0070] In practical applications, the observation equipment can first remotely configure the center frequency (which can be arbitrarily set within the range of 70 MHz to 450 MHz) and output bandwidth (10 MHz in this embodiment) of the digital downconverter according to actual needs via the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), thereby enabling it to focus on the VHF sub-band with the least interference. It should be understood that the center frequency range of the digital downconverter can cover the front-end analog passband (80~350 MHz) and reserve a certain tuning margin to adapt to the frequency band switching and image avoidance requirements under different observation scenarios.

[0071] Building upon this, the observation equipment utilizes an oversampled Σ-Δ analog-to-digital converter to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the amplified single-channel RF signal at a sampling rate as high as 3.2 GSPS, generating a high-sampling-rate digital bitstream. This actively shifts the quantization noise to a high-frequency region outside the target subband. A digital downconverter then performs frequency shifting, decimation, and filtering operations on the digital bitstream, ultimately outputting a complex IQ data stream with a bandwidth compressed to 10 MHz and a precision of 16 bits—i.e., quadrature demodulated data.

[0072] During this process, because the quantization noise is effectively suppressed outside the target subband, the quadrature demodulated data achieves approximately 15.5 effective number of bits (ENOB) and approximately 96 dBFS equivalent dynamic range within a 10MHz bandwidth, which is more than 30 dB higher than that of a conventional 12-bit Nyquist analog-to-digital converter. This is sufficient to record the full range of lightning radiation signals, from weak pulses at long distances to strong discharges at close ranges, without distortion within the same acquisition cycle.

[0073] Meanwhile, the orthogonal demodulated data already possesses narrowband characteristics, and the data rate has been significantly reduced. Therefore, it can greatly alleviate the pressure on hardware resources during subsequent processing. Furthermore, its center frequency and bandwidth can be reconfigured online in real time via SPI, enabling the observation equipment to autonomously respond to changes in the external radio frequency environment and switch to a cleaner acquisition subband without any physical intervention or hardware adjustment.

[0074] It should also be noted that lightning discharge processes are highly concentrated, with multiple pulses potentially existing within the same millisecond. It is difficult to accurately distinguish concurrent events based solely on event information. Furthermore, hardware delays at various observation stations, differences in signal propagation paths, and interference can lead to microsecond-level deviations in arrival time extraction. Relying solely on compressed event parameters cannot support sub-microsecond-level cross-correlation and precise alignment.

[0075] In this situation, if the observation equipment does not have local caching capabilities, the positioning results will be untraceable and false solutions will be difficult to identify. If a full waveform continuous backhaul strategy is adopted, the VHF broadband waveform data rate is extremely high, far exceeding the uplink bandwidth carrying capacity of 4G and other field communication links.

[0076] In view of this, such as Figure 4 The lightning VHF signal reception and pulse event detection method based on dual-polarized LPDA provided in this embodiment also includes: S9, extract the event information of the lightning pulse event, and cache the demodulation data to be identified corresponding to the lightning pulse event as lightning demodulation data in the local cache space; S10, send the event information to the server; S11, if a data read request is received from the server, the corresponding demodulated data segment is extracted from the cache space according to the timestamp in the data read request; S12, send the demodulated data segment to the server.

[0077] In this embodiment, after the observation device determines that a lightning pulse event exists, it adopts a strategy of always-on uploading of event information and on-demand back transmission of demodulated data, thereby achieving a balance between ensuring real-time performance and bandwidth constraints.

[0078] In practical applications, the observation equipment can first extract event information of lightning pulse events, including peak amplitude, pulse energy, half-peak width, signal-to-noise ratio, estimated background noise, event time, site identifier, and trigger level. The above parameters are then encapsulated into an event information data packet of approximately 128 bytes and continuously sent to the server via a 4G Cat.4 cellular communication module. This event feature stream can support approximately 47,000 event uploads per second (theoretical upper limit, actual speed depends on operator base station scheduling and link quality), which is sufficient to meet the real-time positioning main link requirements in high-density discharge scenarios.

[0079] At the same time, the observation equipment caches the demodulated data to be identified corresponding to the event in a ring cache built into the FPGA programmable logic (PL side), and the cache depth is designed to cover at least 1 millisecond of continuous IQ data.

[0080] When the server completes the initial association based on event information and determines that the positioning accuracy needs to be improved or a quality review needs to be conducted, it sends a data read request containing a precise timestamp to the observation equipment. The observation equipment then accurately extracts the demodulated data segment corresponding to the time period from the circular buffer and transmits it back.

[0081] The demodulated data segment is a gated transmission, which is only enabled when necessary. Each data packet is about 2.75 KB. Under the same 4G link, it can still support about 2200 waveform backhauls per second (theoretical upper limit, the actual frequency depends on the operator's base station scheduling and link quality), which is much higher than the frequency of fine alignment required during a typical thunderstorm process.

[0082] In this way, the link can remain open during strong discharge, reducing the risk of communication congestion or link interruption caused by continuous full waveform back transmission.

[0083] for Figure 4 In step S9, it should also be noted that if the observation equipment relies solely on the 1PPS pulse signal output by the navigation system for whole-second time marking when extracting the event time of the lightning pulse event, such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) or Beidou, without refining its internal time to a high resolution, it cannot accurately reflect the precise time of occurrence of the event within that second.

[0084] It should be understood that the duration of a lightning VHF radiation pulse is usually only on the order of sub-microseconds to several microseconds, while the accuracy of the Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) on which multi-station positioning relies needs to be on the order of nanoseconds to hundreds of nanoseconds to achieve three-dimensional positioning at the level of hundreds of meters; if the event time is only recorded as "second X", then the time difference between stations will lose its analytical significance.

[0085] In view of this, this embodiment also provides the following optional implementation methods for step S9: S9-1, obtain the navigation system time when the lightning pulse event was confirmed and the cumulative count of the counter since the previous second.

[0086] The counter will restart counting in response to the pulse signals sent by the navigation system every second.

[0087] S9-2 uses navigation system time and cumulative count as event time.

[0088] This can be understood as fusing the timing signal of a highly stable local clock with that of the navigation system when extracting the event time of a lightning pulse event.

[0089] In practical applications, observation equipment can employ a multi-mode Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver to acquire Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and a precise pulse signal of once per second (1PPS), and be equipped with a GNSS-disciplined temperature-compensated crystal oscillator (TCXO). This disciplined oscillator achieves a stability of up to [percentage missing] in open environments. With a power consumption of less than 1 W, it is significantly superior to the solution based on high-power oven-controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO); its output 10 MHz reference clock is multiplied by a low-jitter phase-locked loop (PLL) and then uniformly supplied to the analog-to-digital converter and counter to ensure that the signal acquisition and time stamp use the same clock signal.

[0090] Based on this, the counter inside the FPGA has a time resolution of 100 ns under the action of the clock signal; whenever a GNSS 1PPS pulse arrives, the counter value is latched and the second-level alignment is completed; when the lightning pulse event is confirmed to be triggered, the observation equipment immediately reads the cumulative count value of the counter at this time and combines it with the current UTC seconds provided by the GNSS to form the complete event time.

[0091] For example, the event time generated by the observation device can be represented as: 10:23:47 UTC time on May 14, 2026, plus the 10,000th 100 ns period accumulated by the counter.

[0092] It should also be understood that, in order to adapt to extremely short observation periods (such as in Tibet), the overall power consumption of the observation equipment needs to be maintained at an extremely low level. Therefore, the FPGA chip (including programmable logic PL and processing system PS) consumes approximately 4.5W; the analog-to-digital converter approximately 1.5W; the RF links total approximately 0.9W; the GNSS timing module (including a multi-mode receiver, TCXO disciplined oscillator, and GPSDO function) approximately 0.8W; the 4G Cat.4 cellular communication module consumes approximately 1.5W under average operating conditions; the power management section includes approximately 1.5W of losses in the DC-DC conversion stage; and the MPPT (maximum power point tracking) controller itself consumes approximately 0.3W.

[0093] In other words, the total operating power consumption is approximately 11 W. Even under peak conditions of dense lightning discharge accompanied by high-frequency waveform feedback, the total power consumption does not exceed 14 W, enabling the observation equipment to operate autonomously for a long period of time entirely based on a solar power supply system.

[0094] Taking the typical environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as an example, with a 150 W photovoltaic panel, the daily power generation is about 637 Wh under the condition of an average of 5 hours of equivalent sunshine per year, while the daily energy consumption of an 11 W continuous load is only 264 Wh, with a power supply margin of 2.4 times; supplemented by a 100Ah lithium iron phosphate battery (nominal voltage 12.8 V, total energy of about 1280 Wh), the system can support stable operation for about 4.8 days under continuous cloudy and rainy conditions without sunshine.

[0095] like Figure 5 As shown, the server, which communicates with the observation equipment, serves as the data processing center for the entire observation system. It is used to locate lightning based on the lightning pulse events reported by the observation equipment at each site. Specifically, it needs to provide the following functions: The data access and caching function is used to receive event information uploaded by various observation devices in real time and demodulated data segments transmitted back on demand, and to sort and cache them in a sliding window according to a unified UTC timestamp, while simultaneously carrying out packet loss rate statistics and link health monitoring.

[0096] The multi-station event association and matching function uses events from any reliable station as seed stations, within physically achievable time constraints (i.e., the maximum theoretical propagation delay between the two stations). ,in For station spacing, Within the range of light speed, candidate events from other stations are searched. Then, the arrival time consistency, amplitude, pulse energy, half-width at half-maximum and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of each event are compared. High-confidence matching is achieved through weighted distance joint decision. When the corresponding demodulated data segment is available, the cross-correlation algorithm is further called to perform sub-sample level fine alignment, which improves the time alignment accuracy to about 10 ns, significantly improving the cross-station event matching accuracy.

[0097] The robust TDOA positioning solution function is used to construct a nonlinear TDOA equation system for a set of associated events that meet the minimum number of participating stations (e.g., no less than 5 stations). The Levenberg-Marquardt iterative method or weighted least squares method is used to solve for the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the radiation source and the time of radiation occurrence. In the iterative process, an adaptive residual weighting mechanism is introduced to automatically reduce the weight of disturbed or delayed abnormal stations and suppress the influence of spurious solutions.

[0098] Quality control functions are used to pass multiple criteria, including root mean square residual threshold, chi-square (... Statistical tests and minimum valid station thresholds are used to assess the reliability of the solution results, and obviously abnormal solutions or results with low confidence are removed.

[0099] The fixed delay calibration and online correction function is used to uniformly model the end-to-end hardware delay of each observation device from antenna input to timestamp output into an equivalent fixed delay parameter. It supports both on-site calibration using VHF transmitters at known locations (taking the difference between the theoretical arrival time and the measured timestamp and averaging multiple times) and statistical inversion methods based on excessively redundant observation data from a large number of natural lightning events. The parameters to be estimated are embedded in the TDOA equation system for joint optimization and solution; after calibration, the original timestamps of each station are automatically processed. The system performs online corrections and re-associates and locates the data based on the corrected time data, thereby improving positioning accuracy.

[0100] The closed-loop parameter adjustment function can remotely and dynamically configure the center frequency and output bandwidth of the analog-to-digital converters at each station, the FPGA trigger sensitivity, and the waveform feedback gating strategy to achieve adaptive response to interference environments.

[0101] The closed-loop pointing control function, based on the spatial distribution characteristics of the positioning results, periodically calculates the main azimuth and elevation angles of thunderstorm activity (weighted by event confidence, energy, or spatial density), generates PTZ control commands, and drives the LPDA antennas of each station to turn towards the main direction of the thunderstorm (for example, azimuth angle aligned with the main direction, elevation angle set to 30°), using high-gain beams to enhance long-distance, low-elevation signal reception capabilities, improve weak signal acquisition rate and multi-station matching success rate, and ultimately form a positive enhancement closed loop of positioning guidance pointing, pointing enhancement reception, and reception improvement positioning.

[0102] The visualization and data archiving functions are used to simultaneously provide real-time situational awareness and persistent storage of structured data, supporting both operational and scientific research needs.

[0103] Based on the same inventive concept as the lightning VHF signal reception and pulse event detection method based on a dual-polarized LPDA provided in this embodiment, this embodiment also provides a lightning VHF signal reception and pulse event detection device based on a dual-polarized LPDA. This device includes at least one software functional module that can be stored in a memory or embedded in an electronic device. The processor in the electronic device executes the executable module stored in the memory. For example, the software functional modules and computer programs included in this device. Please refer to... Figure 6 Functionally, the device may include: Signal receiving module 11 is used to receive horizontal electromagnetic signals and vertical electromagnetic signals through a dual-polarized log-periodic antenna; The signal optimization module 12 is used to amplify the horizontal electromagnetic signal and the vertical electromagnetic signal separately at one stage, and then combine the amplified horizontal electromagnetic signal and the vertical electromagnetic signal into a single radio frequency signal. The signal optimization module 12 is also used to filter the single-channel radio frequency signal to obtain an optimized single-channel radio frequency signal; The event recognition module 13 is used to amplify the optimized single-channel radio frequency signal in two stages and identify lightning pulse events from the amplified single-channel radio frequency signal.

[0104] In this embodiment, the signal receiving module 11 is used to implement Figure 1 In step S1, the signal optimization module 12 is used to implement... Figure 1 In steps S2 and S3, the event recognition module 13 is used to implement... Figure 1 Step S4 in the above steps. Therefore, for details of each of the above modules, please refer to the specific implementation method of the corresponding step.

[0105] Optionally, the signal optimization module 12 filters the single-channel RF signal to obtain an optimized single-channel RF signal, including the following methods: A single-channel radio frequency signal is processed by a bandpass filter to obtain a bandpass-filtered single-channel radio frequency signal; The bandpass filtered single-channel RF signal is processed by an FM broadcast notch filter to obtain an optimized single-channel RF signal.

[0106] Optionally, the event recognition module 13 identifies lightning pulse events from the amplified single-channel radio frequency signal in the following ways: Extract the demodulated data to be identified from the amplified single-channel radio frequency signal; Based on the demodulated data to be identified, the signal response intensity and background noise intensity within a preset time window are statistically analyzed. If the signal response strength is greater than the threshold set based on the background noise strength, then the waveform features of the preset time window are extracted. If the waveform characteristics meet the preset conditions, then a lightning pulse event is determined to exist.

[0107] Optionally, the event recognition module 13 extracts the demodulated data to be recognized from the amplified single-channel radio frequency signal in the following ways: The amplified single-channel RF signal is sampled by analog and digital methods to obtain quadrature demodulated data; If narrowband interference exists in the quadrature demodulated data, the quadrature demodulated data is processed using a digital notch filter of the corresponding frequency to obtain the demodulated data to be identified. If there is no narrowband interference in the quadrature demodulated data, then the quadrature demodulated data will be used as the demodulated data to be identified.

[0108] Optionally, the event recognition module 13 performs analog-to-digital sampling on the amplified single-channel RF signal to obtain quadrature demodulated data, including: Configure the digital downconverter according to the configured center frequency and output bandwidth; The amplified single-channel radio frequency signal is sampled using an oversampling Σ-Δ analog-to-digital converter to obtain a digital bit stream; The digital bitstream is processed using a digital downconverter to obtain quadrature demodulated data.

[0109] Optionally, after determining that a lightning pulse event exists, the event recognition module 13 is further configured to: Extract event information of lightning pulse events and cache the demodulated data to be identified corresponding to the lightning pulse events as lightning demodulation data in the local cache space; Send the event information to the server; If a data read request is received from the server, the corresponding demodulated data segment is extracted from the cache space based on the timestamp in the data read request; Send the demodulated data fragments to the server.

[0110] Optionally, the event information includes the event time, and the method by which the event recognition module 13 extracts the event information of the lightning pulse event includes: The system obtains the navigation system time at the time of the confirmed lightning pulse event and the cumulative count of the counter from the previous second. The counter will re-count in response to the pulse signals sent by the navigation system every second. Navigation system time and cumulative count are used as event time.

[0111] In addition, the functional modules in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module can exist independently, or two or more modules can be integrated to form an independent part.

[0112] It should also be understood that if the above embodiments are implemented as software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0113] Therefore, this embodiment also provides a storage medium, which is a computer-readable storage medium. This storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the lightning VHF signal reception and pulse event detection method based on a dual-polarization LPDA provided in this embodiment. The storage medium can be any medium capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, external hard drive, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0114] Please refer to Figure 7 The electronic device provided in this embodiment may include a processor 22 and a memory 21. The memory 21 stores a computer program, and the processor reads and executes the computer program corresponding to the above-described embodiments in the memory 21 to implement the lightning VHF signal reception and pulse event detection method based on a dual-polarization LPDA provided in this embodiment.

[0115] See also Figure 7 The electronic device also includes a communication unit 23. The memory 21, processor 22 and communication unit 23 are electrically connected to each other directly or indirectly through system bus 24 to realize data transmission or interaction.

[0116] The memory 21 can be an information recording device based on any electronic, magnetic, optical, or other physical principles, used to record execution instructions, data, etc. In some embodiments, the memory 21 can be, but is not limited to, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, memory drive, etc.

[0117] In some embodiments, the volatile memory may be random access memory (RAM); in some embodiments, the non-volatile memory may be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, etc.; in some embodiments, the storage drive may be a disk drive, solid-state drive, any type of storage disk (such as optical disc, DVD, etc.), or similar storage media, or a combination thereof.

[0118] The communication unit 23 is used to send and receive data over a network. In some embodiments, the network may include a wired network, a wireless network, a fiber optic network, a telecommunications network, an intranet, the Internet, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a public switched telephone network (PSTN), a Bluetooth network, a ZigBee network, or a near field communication (NFC) network, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the network may include one or more network access points. For example, the network may include wired or wireless network access points, such as base stations and / or network switching nodes, through which one or more components of the service request processing system can connect to the network to exchange data and / or information.

[0119] The processor 22 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities, and may include one or more processing cores (e.g., a single-core processor or a multi-core processor). By way of example only, the processor described above may include a Central Processing Unit (CPU), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an Application Specific Instruction-set Processor (ASIP), a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Physics Processing Unit (PPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Programmable Logic Device (PLD), a controller, a microcontroller unit, a Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) computer, or a microprocessor, or any combination thereof.

[0120] Understandable. Figure 7 The structure shown is for illustrative purposes only. Electronic devices may also have more advanced features. Figure 7 Showing more or fewer components, or having with Figure 7 The different configurations shown. Figure 7 The components shown can be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof.

[0121] It should be understood that the apparatus and methods disclosed in the above embodiments can also be implemented in other ways. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings show the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of apparatus, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of this application. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than those marked in the drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in a block diagram and / or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in block diagrams and / or flowcharts, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or action, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0122] The above descriptions are merely various embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for receiving lightning VHF signals and detecting pulse events based on a dual-polarized LPDA, characterized in that, The method includes: Horizontal and vertical electromagnetic signals are received via a dual-polarized log-periodic antenna (LPDA). The horizontal electromagnetic signal and the vertical electromagnetic signal are amplified by one stage respectively, and the amplified horizontal electromagnetic signal and the vertical electromagnetic signal are combined into a single radio frequency signal. The single-channel radio frequency signal is filtered to obtain an optimized single-channel radio frequency signal; The optimized single-channel radio frequency signal is amplified in two stages, and lightning pulse events are identified from the amplified single-channel radio frequency signal.

2. The method for receiving lightning VHF signals and detecting pulse events based on a dual-polarized LPDA according to claim 1, characterized in that, The single-channel radio frequency signal is filtered to obtain an optimized single-channel radio frequency signal, including: The single-channel radio frequency signal is processed by a bandpass filter to obtain a bandpass-filtered single-channel radio frequency signal; The optimized single-channel radio frequency signal is obtained by processing the bandpass filtered single-channel radio frequency signal using an FM broadcast notch filter.

3. The method for receiving lightning VHF signals and detecting pulse events based on a dual-polarized LPDA according to claim 1, characterized in that, Identifying lightning pulse events from amplified single-channel radio frequency signals, including: Extract the demodulated data to be identified from the amplified single-channel radio frequency signal; Based on the demodulated data to be identified, the signal response intensity and background noise intensity within a preset time window are statistically analyzed. If the signal response intensity is greater than the threshold set based on the background noise intensity, then the waveform features of the preset time window are extracted. If the waveform characteristics meet the preset conditions, then a lightning pulse event is determined to exist.

4. The method for receiving lightning VHF signals and detecting pulse events based on a dual-polarized LPDA according to claim 3, characterized in that, Extracting the demodulated data to be identified from the amplified single-channel radio frequency signal includes: The amplified single-channel radio frequency signal is subjected to analog-to-digital sampling to obtain quadrature demodulated data; If narrowband interference exists in the quadrature demodulated data, the quadrature demodulated data is processed using a digital notch filter of the corresponding frequency to obtain the demodulated data to be identified. If there is no narrowband interference in the quadrature demodulated data, then the quadrature demodulated data will be used as the demodulated data to be identified.

5. The method for receiving lightning VHF signals and detecting pulse events based on a dual-polarized LPDA according to claim 4, characterized in that, The amplified single-channel radio frequency signal is subjected to analog-to-digital sampling to obtain quadrature demodulated data, including: Configure the digital downconverter according to the configured center frequency and output bandwidth; The amplified single-channel radio frequency signal is sampled using an oversampling Σ-Δ analog-to-digital converter to obtain a digital bit stream; The digital bitstream is processed using the digital downconverter to obtain the quadrature demodulated data.

6. The method for receiving lightning VHF signals and detecting pulse events based on a dual-polarized LPDA according to claim 3, characterized in that, After determining that a lightning pulse event has occurred, the method further includes: Extract the event information of the lightning pulse event, and cache the demodulated data to be identified corresponding to the lightning pulse event as lightning demodulation data in the local cache space; Send the event information to the server; If a data read request is received from the server, the corresponding demodulated data segment is extracted from the cache space according to the timestamp in the data read request; The demodulated data fragment is sent to the server.

7. The method for receiving lightning VHF signals and detecting pulse events based on a dual-polarized LPDA according to claim 6, characterized in that, The event information includes the event time, and the extracted event information for the lightning pulse event includes: The navigation system time at the time of confirmation of the lightning pulse event and the cumulative count of the counter from the previous second are obtained, wherein the counter will recount in response to the pulse signal sent by the navigation system every second; The navigation system time and the cumulative count are used as the event time.

8. A lightning VHF signal receiving and pulse event detection device based on a dual-polarized LPDA, characterized in that, The device includes: The signal receiving module is used to receive horizontal and vertical electromagnetic signals through a dual-polarized log-periodic antenna. The signal optimization module is used to amplify the horizontal electromagnetic signal and the vertical electromagnetic signal separately by one stage, and then combine the amplified horizontal electromagnetic signal and the vertical electromagnetic signal into a single radio frequency signal. The signal optimization module is also used to filter the single-channel radio frequency signal to obtain an optimized single-channel radio frequency signal. The event recognition module is used to amplify the optimized single-channel radio frequency signal in two stages and identify lightning pulse events from the amplified single-channel radio frequency signal.

9. A storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the lightning VHF signal reception and pulse event detection method based on a dual-polarization LPDA as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program, which, when executed by the processor, implements the lightning VHF signal reception and pulse event detection method based on dual-polarized LPDA as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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