Hydrogen production system by wind power and storage power and operation regulation method thereof
By acquiring the real-time status and zonal control of the wind, solar, energy storage, and hydrogen production system, the system achieves refined utilization of wind and solar energy and stable operation of the electrolyzer, solving the problems of wind and solar curtailment and electrolyzer losses, and improving the system's economy and equipment lifespan.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BEIJING LONGWEI POWER GENERATION TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-10
AI Technical Summary
The existing wind, solar, energy storage and hydrogen production systems have extensive control methods, resulting in serious wind and solar curtailment, increased wear and tear on electrolyzer equipment, poor system economics, and difficulty in achieving coordinated and optimized operation of wind, solar and energy storage and hydrogen production.
By acquiring the real-time status of wind and solar power generation units and electrochemical energy storage units, dividing the work areas, and combining the target operation mode, the number of operating electrolyzers and power allocation are dynamically adjusted to achieve refined consumption of wind and solar energy and stable operation of electrolyzers.
It effectively reduces wind and solar power curtailment, improves energy utilization, extends the service life of electrolyzers, reduces operation and maintenance costs, and enhances the overall economic efficiency of the system.
Smart Images
Figure CN122371131A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application belongs to the field of new energy hydrogen production system technology, specifically relating to a wind-solar-storage hydrogen production system and its operation and control method. Background Technology
[0002] The wind-solar-energy-storage hydrogen production system is a crucial technological pathway to address the challenge of energy transmission from renewable energy-rich regions and to achieve large-scale green hydrogen production. Its core lies in the coordinated operation of wind and solar power generation units (for power supply), electrochemical energy storage units (for peak shaving), and hydrogen production units (for absorbing electrical energy), thereby converting and storing renewable energy into hydrogen. However, the system faces a series of technical challenges due to the inherent volatility of wind and solar resources, severely limiting its economic viability. Furthermore, existing control methods are unable to meet the coordinated operation requirements of the system's various units. Specific problems include: Among related technologies, the regulation methods of wind-solar-energy storage hydrogen production systems are relatively crude. One approach is to simply control the opening and closing of the electrolyzer based solely on its start-up threshold: when the effective output power of wind and solar power exceeds the threshold, the electrolyzer starts operating; when it falls below the threshold, it shuts down. In this case, excess wind and solar energy cannot be utilized, resulting in curtailment and energy waste. Another approach involves the electrolyzer passively following power fluctuations in wind and solar generation without active regulation or fluctuation mitigation: when wind and solar power increases, the electrolyzer directly experiences power surges; when power fluctuates, the electrolyzer load fluctuates drastically, easily leading to unsteady operating conditions. This not only reduces hydrogen production efficiency and risks increased gas purity but also significantly accelerates electrode aging and diaphragm wear, drastically increasing system maintenance costs and equipment replacement frequency, ultimately affecting equipment lifespan and hydrogen production efficiency. As a result, existing systems often find themselves in a dilemma: if they prioritize equipment, they must abandon energy; if they prioritize energy consumption, they must damage equipment. Specifically, this manifests in two ways: on the one hand, curtailing wind and solar power reduces the actual hydrogen production of the system and dilutes the utilization hours of the equipment; on the other hand, the accelerated wear and tear of electrolyzers shortens the effective service life of assets and increases maintenance costs. Summary of the Invention
[0003] In view of this, this application provides a wind-solar-energy storage hydrogen production system and its operation and control method to solve the problems of wind and solar curtailment and increased electrolyzer losses and poor system economy caused by the extensive control methods of the present invention, and to achieve coordinated and optimized operation of wind, solar, energy storage and hydrogen production.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application mainly provides the following technical solutions: One aspect of this application provides a method for the operation and control of a wind-solar-energy storage hydrogen production system, comprising: The effective output power of the wind and solar power generation unit, the rated total power of the electrolyzer of the hydrogen production unit, and the real-time state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit are obtained. Based on the real-time state of charge, the current operating zone of the electrochemical energy storage unit is determined. The operating zone of the electrochemical energy storage unit includes a flexible zone, a transition zone, and a conservative zone. Based on the relative relationship between the effective output power and the rated total power of the electrolyzer and the current working zone, the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is determined. The target operating mode includes, but is not limited to, the extreme flexible consumption mode and the high-efficiency range tracking mode. The total power command of the hydrogen production unit is generated by combining the target operating mode with the current working partition, and the number of electrolyzers and power allocation of the hydrogen production unit are adjusted, and the electrochemical energy storage unit is adjusted to perform charge and discharge power compensation.
[0005] Optionally, the flexible region is the range where the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit is greater than 35% and less than 65%, the transition region is the range where the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit is greater than 20% and less than or equal to 35%, and greater than or equal to 65% and less than 80%, and the conservative region is the range where the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit is less than or equal to 20%, and greater than or equal to 80%.
[0006] Optionally, when the effective output power of the wind and solar power generation unit is continuously less than 30% of the rated total power of the electrolyzer, and the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit is in the flexible zone or the transition zone, the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the extreme flexible consumption mode. When the effective output power of the wind and solar power generation unit is continuously greater than 30% of the rated total power of the electrolyzer and less than 100% of the rated total power of the electrolyzer, the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the high-efficiency range tracking mode.
[0007] Optionally, the total power of the hydrogen production unit conforms to the following formula: ; In the formula, The total power of the hydrogen production unit. This refers to the hydrogen production power that the hydrogen production unit needs to handle. This is the fluctuation tracking coefficient of the electrolytic cell. This refers to the predicted wind and solar power output for the wind and solar power generation unit over a predetermined period in the future. For the purposes of the above The power trend baseline obtained by performing low-pass filtering; The value of the electrolyzer fluctuation following coefficient is determined based on the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit and the current operating zone of the electrochemical energy storage unit: When the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the extreme flexible consumption mode... ; When the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the high-efficiency range tracking mode, and the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit is in the flexible range, ; When the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the high-efficiency range tracking mode, and the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit is in the transition region, ; When the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the high-efficiency range tracking mode, and the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit is in the conservative region, .
[0008] Optionally, the number of electrolyzers operating in the hydrogen production unit conforms to the following formula: ; In the formula, The number of electrolyzers operating in the hydrogen production unit. This refers to the total number of electrolyzers connected in parallel in the hydrogen production unit. This refers to the hydrogen production power that the hydrogen production unit needs to handle. Optimize the load point for a single electrolytic cell; The optimal load point for a single electrolyzer is determined based on the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit. When the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the extreme flexible consumption mode... The value is 10% to 50% of the rated power of a single electrolytic cell; When the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the high-efficiency range tracking mode... The value is taken as 50% to 90% of the rated power of the single electrolytic cell.
[0009] Optionally, the optimized load point for a single electrolytic cell conforms to the following formula: ; In the formula, Optimize the base value of the load point for a single electrolytic cell; The fluctuation intensity influence coefficient. The intensity index of wind and solar fluctuations; The wind-solar fluctuation intensity index conforms to the following formula: ; In the formula, For the With the The standard deviation of the difference sequence, This is the system power reference value.
[0010] Optionally, after determining the number of electrolyzers operating in the hydrogen production unit, if the average power of the electrolyzers is less than 8% of the rated power of a single electrolyzer when the power is distributed according to the number of operating electrolyzers, then the number of operating electrolyzers may be reduced by one or more.
[0011] Optionally, the target operating mode also includes an overload absorption mode; when the effective output power of the wind and solar power generation unit is continuously greater than 100% of the rated total power of the electrolyzer, and the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit is in the range of greater than or equal to 98%, the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the overload absorption mode.
[0012] Optionally, when the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the overload absorption mode, all the electrolyzers are allowed to operate at 100% to 110% of their rated power for no more than 4 hours.
[0013] Another aspect of this application provides a wind-solar-energy storage hydrogen production system, including a wind-solar power generation unit, an electrochemical energy storage unit, a hydrogen production unit, and a system controller. The hydrogen production unit includes multiple electrolyzers connected in parallel, and the system controller is used to execute the method described in any one of the above-mentioned methods.
[0014] By employing the above technical solution, this application has at least the following beneficial effects: The wind-solar-energy storage hydrogen production system and its operation and control method provided in this application, through the coordinated control logic of wind and solar power generation units, electrochemical energy storage units and hydrogen production units, combined with the state-of-charge zoning and adaptive switching of the hydrogen production unit operation mode based on wind and solar power characteristics, not only achieves the maximum and refined consumption of wind and solar energy under different power conditions, effectively reducing wind and solar curtailment and improving the overall energy utilization rate of the system, but also adopts a multi-cell coordinated power distribution method to handle wind power fluctuations, creating a stable operating environment for the electrolyzers, avoiding equipment damage caused by frequent start-ups and shutdowns and severe load fluctuations, extending the service life of the electrolyzers, and reducing system operation and maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description
[0015] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of an operation and control method for a wind-solar-storage-hydrogen production system, which is an optional embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0016] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other.
[0017] An embodiment of the first aspect of this application provides an operation and control method for a wind-solar-storage-hydrogen production system. An embodiment of the second aspect of this application provides a wind-solar-storage-hydrogen production system.
[0018] Among them, the operation and control method of wind-solar-energy storage hydrogen production system is used to coordinate and control the operation of wind-solar-energy storage hydrogen production system, realize power coordination, fluctuation smoothing and efficient absorption among wind-solar power generation unit, electrochemical energy storage unit and hydrogen production unit, thereby improving the system energy utilization rate, protecting the stable operation of electrolyzer and improving the overall economy.
[0019] Specifically, the wind-solar-energy-storage hydrogen production system includes a wind-solar power generation unit, an electrochemical energy storage unit, a hydrogen production unit, and a system controller. The wind-solar power generation unit includes a photovoltaic power generation unit and a wind power generation unit. The electrochemical energy storage unit can be a battery. The hydrogen production unit includes multiple electrolyzers connected in parallel. The electrolyzers can be atmospheric pressure alkaline electrolyzers. The system controller is communicatively connected to the wind-solar power generation unit, the electrochemical energy storage unit, and the hydrogen production unit, and is used to execute the aforementioned operation and control methods of the wind-solar-energy-storage hydrogen production system to achieve coordinated control of each unit.
[0020] Furthermore, the wind-solar-energy storage hydrogen production system also includes a compressor unit and a hydrogen storage tank unit. The compressor unit is connected to the hydrogen production unit and the hydrogen storage tank unit, and is used to compress the hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production unit and store it in the hydrogen storage tank unit.
[0021] Further, see Figure 1 As shown, the operation and control method for a wind-solar-storage-hydrogen production system provided in the embodiments of the first aspect of this application includes: Step S1: Obtain the effective output power of the wind and solar power generation unit, the rated total power of the electrolyzer of the hydrogen production unit, and the real-time state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit.
[0022] In this embodiment, the effective output power of the wind and solar power generation unit refers to the actual power that the wind and solar power generation unit can transmit, that is, the usable power that can be used for hydrogen production after deducting its own power loss and other necessary power consumption from the total power output of the wind and solar power generation unit. This effective output power can be detected in real time by the power acquisition device set at the output end of the wind and solar power generation unit and uploaded to the system controller. The rated total power of the electrolyzer is the sum of the rated power of all electrolyzers in operation in the hydrogen production unit. This rated total power can be calculated by the system controller based on the preset stored rated parameters of the electrolyzers and the number of electrolyzers in operation. The real-time state of charge is used to reflect the current remaining power level of the electrochemical energy storage unit and to provide a basis for subsequent energy storage zoning and power regulation. This real-time state of charge can be detected in real time by the battery management system configured in the electrochemical energy storage unit and uploaded to the system controller.
[0023] Step S2: Based on the real-time state of charge, determine the current operating zone of the electrochemical energy storage unit. The operating zone of the electrochemical energy storage unit includes a flexible zone, a transition zone, and a conservative zone.
[0024] In this embodiment, the electrochemical energy storage unit is divided into different operating zones based on the real-time state of charge (SOC) range of the electrochemical energy storage unit. Different operating zones correspond to different charging and discharging strategies and power regulation capabilities. This is to ensure the safe and stable operation of the electrochemical energy storage unit while fully leveraging its power compensation and fluctuation mitigation functions, and avoiding abnormal operating conditions such as overcharging and over-discharging. Specifically, the flexible zone is the range where the SOC of the electrochemical energy storage unit is greater than 35% and less than 65%, the transition zone is the range where the SOC of the electrochemical energy storage unit is greater than 20% and less than or equal to 35%, and greater than or equal to 65% and less than 80%, and the conservative zone is the range where the SOC of the electrochemical energy storage unit is less than or equal to 20% and greater than or equal to 80%.
[0025] Step S3: Based on the relative relationship between the effective output power and the rated total power of the electrolyzer and the current working zone, determine the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit. The target operating mode includes, but is not limited to, the extreme flexible consumption mode and the high-efficiency range tracking mode.
[0026] In this embodiment, the hydrogen production unit's operating mode is adaptively selected based on the surplus power of wind and solar power generation, the rated total power of the electrolyzer, and the operating zone of the electrochemical energy storage unit. This achieves a dynamic balance between improving wind and solar power absorption capacity and ensuring efficient and stable operation of the electrolyzer, meeting the system's collaborative operation requirements under different operating conditions. The specific selection logic is as follows: When the effective output power of the wind and solar power generation unit is less than 30% of the rated total power of the electrolyzer for more than 2 hours, and the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit is in the flexible or transitional zone, the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the extreme flexible absorption mode; when the effective output power of the wind and solar power generation unit is greater than or equal to 30% and less than 100% of the rated total power of the electrolyzer for more than 2 hours, the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the high-efficiency range tracking mode.
[0027] Understandably, when the effective output power of wind and solar power generation units is less than 30% of the rated total power of the electrolyzers, the system is in a low-power operation scenario. In this scenario, the relative fluctuation range of wind and solar power is larger, and even small power changes under a low power base will result in a high proportion of fluctuations. If conventional control strategies are adopted, wind and solar power may be forced to be curtailed because the power is lower than the start-up threshold or stable operation threshold of a single electrolyzer. Switching to the extreme flexible absorption mode can maximize the flexible absorption of low-power wind and solar energy. Through multi-cell collaboration, the system can still effectively accept wind and solar power in the low-power range, reducing renewable energy waste at the source and improving energy utilization efficiency. Among them, the extreme flexible absorption mode adopts a control strategy that mainly uses multi-cell collaborative absorption and supplements it with electrochemical energy storage power compensation. First, a low optimized load point is set for a single electrolyzer, and the number of electrolyzers put into operation is dynamically determined. The total low power is evenly distributed to each electrolyzer, while the electrochemical energy storage unit bears almost all the wind and solar power fluctuations, keeping the fluctuation following coefficient of the electrolyzers at a low level and avoiding the electrolyzers following the power fluctuations. Furthermore, the switching of this mode also requires that the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit be in the flexible or transitional zone. In this state, the electrochemical energy storage unit has sufficient charging and discharging power regulation capability to undertake all wind and solar fluctuation compensation needs under low-power scenarios, avoiding the inability to smooth fluctuations due to limited energy storage capacity and power, ensuring that the multi-cell coordinated absorption control strategy can be implemented, while also avoiding overcharging and over-discharging of the electrochemical energy storage unit, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the electrochemical energy storage unit itself, and achieving coordinated adaptation of various units in wind, solar, energy storage, and hydrogen production. Here, the power threshold of 30% of the rated total power is a mode switching critical value set by combining the stable operating characteristics of the atmospheric pressure alkaline electrolyzer, the fluctuation law of low wind and solar power, and the system absorption target. Switching to the extreme flexible absorption mode is the optimal control choice to maximize wind and solar absorption, protect electrolyzer equipment, and ensure overall system stability under low-power scenarios. Furthermore, it should be noted that under the extreme flexible absorption mode, if the wind-solar fluctuation intensity index is greater than or equal to 0.5, the electrolyzer power command will be immediately frozen, forcing the electrochemical energy storage unit to bear all instantaneous power fluctuations. If the required compensation power exceeds the safety limit of the electrochemical energy storage unit, system-level hard intervention measures will be automatically triggered to implement power limiting control on the wind and solar power generation unit. For scenarios where the effective output power of the wind and solar power generation unit remains below 30% of the electrolyzer's rated total power for more than 2 hours, but the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit is in the conservative range, the same control method as when the wind-solar fluctuation intensity index is greater than or equal to 0.5 will be adopted: the electrolyzer power command will be immediately frozen, forcing the electrochemical energy storage unit to bear all instantaneous power fluctuations. If the required compensation power exceeds the safety limit of the electrochemical energy storage unit, system-level hard intervention measures will also be automatically triggered to implement power limiting control on the wind and solar power generation unit. This ensures the operational safety of the electrolyzer and the electrochemical energy storage unit, while absorbing as much wind and solar energy as possible within a safe range.
[0028] Understandably, when the effective output power of the wind and solar power generation unit is greater than or equal to 30% of the electrolyzer's rated total power but less than 100% of the electrolyzer's rated total power, the system is in a stable medium-to-high power operating condition for wind and solar power generation. Compared to the low-power scenario below 30%, this condition has a larger power base and relatively lower fluctuation amplitude. There is no need to flexibly accept power by sacrificing energy efficiency for power absorption. Simultaneously, since the overload threshold of 100% of the electrolyzer's rated total power has not been reached, the system does not need to exceed the electrolyzer's normal operating load to absorb excess power. Switching to the high-efficiency range tracking mode within this range allows the hydrogen production unit to actively track wind and solar power trends. This achieves both maximum and refined absorption of medium-to-high power wind and solar power and, through the synergistic cooperation of the electrochemical energy storage unit and the electrolyzer, smooths out small fluctuations within a controllable range, avoiding the impact of crude passive tracking on the equipment. The atmospheric pressure alkaline electrolyzer used in this system has a highly efficient and stable load range of 50% to 90% of its rated power. This range represents the period with the highest hydrogen production efficiency, the lowest equipment wear, and the most stable operation. The system power range of 30% to 100% precisely matches the operating requirements of this highly efficient range. After switching to the high-efficiency range tracking mode, the system will prioritize setting the optimized load point of each electrolyzer within this high-efficiency range, allowing the electrolyzer to escape the inefficient operation at low power. This fundamentally improves the overall hydrogen production efficiency, reduces the levelized cost of hydrogen production, and avoids the energy loss and additional equipment wear caused by the electrolyzer operating in a non-efficient range. Among them, the high-efficiency interval tracking mode adopts a multi-cell operation decision logic of full efficiency first and then adding cells. Combined with a hierarchical collaborative control strategy of dynamically adjusting the fluctuation following coefficient of charge state partition, it first prioritizes loading the already put into operation electrolytic cells to the single electrolytic cell optimization load point corresponding to the high-efficiency load interval, and then smoothly starts the new electrolytic cells. Compared with the multi-cell low load distribution of the extreme flexible absorption mode, this logic can significantly improve the equipment utilization efficiency of a single electrolytic cell and avoid resource idleness caused by multi-cell low load operation. At the same time, the smooth cell start-up strategy avoids electrode and diaphragm losses caused by frequent start-up and shutdown of electrolytic cells, and takes into account the flexibility of equipment protection and system operation. In this mode, the electrolyzer fluctuation tracking coefficient is dynamically set according to the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit, so as to realize the graded fluctuation handling of energy storage and hydrogen production. When the electrochemical energy storage unit is in the flexible zone, the fluctuation tracking coefficient is less than or equal to 0.3, and the electrochemical energy storage unit bears the main fluctuation, while the electrolyzer only tracks the power trend slightly. When the electrochemical energy storage unit is in the transition zone, the fluctuation tracking coefficient is less than or equal to 0.7, allowing the electrolyzer to bear part of the fluctuation within a controllable range and reducing the pressure of energy storage regulation. When the electrochemical energy storage unit is in the conservative zone, the energy storage capacity and power are limited, allowing the electrolyzer to become the main power balancing unit and actively track the net power change.This tiered control strategy avoids both the high-load conditions where energy storage alone bears the brunt of fluctuations under the extreme flexible consumption mode and the regulation failure problem of energy storage near full charge under the overload consumption mode. It maximizes the peak-shaving value of energy storage while ensuring the safe and stable operation of the electrochemical energy storage unit itself. In the 30% to 100% power range, there is no need for the low-load multi-cell coordination and full-capacity energy storage compensation of the extreme flexible consumption mode to solve the low-power consumption problem, nor is there a need for exceeding rated load and power curtailment in the overload consumption mode to address power overload issues. Its control objective is efficient hydrogen production combined with refined consumption. All control logic in the high-efficiency range tracking mode is designed around this objective, eliminating the inefficiency of the low-power mode and avoiding the equipment overload risk of the overload mode. It is the optimal control choice for balancing equipment protection, hydrogen production efficiency, and wind and solar energy consumption in this medium-to-high power range. In short, the range of 30% to 100% of the rated total power of the electrolyzer is the medium-to-high power, high-efficiency operating range of the wind-solar-energy storage hydrogen production system. Switching to the high-efficiency range tracking mode is an adaptive control decision made by combining the high-efficiency operating characteristics of the atmospheric pressure alkaline electrolyzer, the wind and solar power characteristics in this range, and the synergistic peak-shaving requirements of energy storage and hydrogen production. Ultimately, it achieves the comprehensive optimization of the system's hydrogen production efficiency, equipment lifespan, and wind and solar power absorption efficiency under this operating condition.
[0029] Step S4: Combine the target operating mode with the current working partition to generate the total power command of the hydrogen production unit, adjust the number of electrolyzers in operation and the power allocation of the hydrogen unit, and regulate the electrochemical energy storage unit to perform charge and discharge power compensation.
[0030] In this embodiment, the total power command of the hydrogen production unit refers to the total power command issued by the system controller to the hydrogen production unit for all operating electrolyzers. The system controller, combining the established target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit with the current working zone of the electrochemical energy storage unit, calculates the total power of the hydrogen production unit and the optimized load point of each electrolyzer. Based on this, it dynamically adjusts the number of electrolyzers in operation within the hydrogen production unit and evenly distributes the total power of the hydrogen production unit to each operating electrolyzer, achieving precise allocation and control of electrolyzer power. Simultaneously, based on the actual fluctuations in wind and solar power and the difference between the actual operating power of the hydrogen production unit and the total power command, the system controller generates charging and discharging power compensation commands for the electrochemical energy storage unit. It then controls the electrochemical energy storage unit to perform corresponding charging or discharging actions, precisely compensating for fluctuations in wind and solar power, effectively suppressing input power fluctuations in the hydrogen production unit, ensuring that the hydrogen production unit always operates stably. This also balances the efficient utilization of wind and solar energy with the safe operation of the electrochemical energy storage unit, ultimately achieving coordinated and optimized operation of the wind and solar power generation unit, the electrochemical energy storage unit, and the hydrogen production unit, improving the overall operational stability and economy of the system.
[0031] The formula for calculating the total power of the hydrogen production unit is as follows: ; In the formula, The total power of the hydrogen production unit. This refers to the hydrogen production capacity that the hydrogen production unit needs to handle. This is the fluctuation tracking coefficient of the electrolytic cell. Forecast data of wind and solar power output for a pre-defined period in the future for wind and solar power generation units. This is a power trend baseline obtained by low-pass filtering the wind and solar power prediction data for a preset future period of the wind and solar power generation unit. Here, the time constant T used for low-pass filtering is 300 seconds, which corresponds to the allowable rate of gradual power change in an atmospheric pressure alkaline electrolyzer. The hydrogen production power required by the hydrogen production unit is approximately equal to the power trend baseline obtained by low-pass filtering the wind and solar power prediction data for the preset future period of the wind and solar power generation unit. Approximately equal to .
[0032] Specifically, the value of the electrolyzer fluctuation following coefficient is determined based on the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit and the current operating zone of the electrochemical energy storage unit: when the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the extreme flexible consumption mode, When the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the high-efficiency range tracking mode, and the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit is in the flexible region, When the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the high-efficiency range tracking mode, and the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit is in the transition region, When the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the high-efficiency range tracking mode, and the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit is in the conservative region, .
[0033] The formula for calculating the number of operating electrolyzers in the hydrogen production unit is as follows: ; In the formula, This refers to the number of electrolyzers in operation within the hydrogen production unit. This refers to the total number of electrolyzers connected in parallel within the hydrogen production unit. This refers to the hydrogen production capacity that the hydrogen production unit needs to handle. To optimize the load point for a single electrolytic cell, This is the floor function.
[0034] Specifically, the optimal load point for a single electrolyzer is determined based on the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit: when the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the extreme flexible consumption mode, The value is taken as 10% to 50% of the rated power of a single electrolyzer; when the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the high-efficiency range tracking mode, The value is taken as 50% to 90% of the rated power of a single electrolyzer. It should be noted that, in the scenario where the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the extreme flexible consumption mode, after determining the number of operating electrolyzers, if the average power of the electrolyzers is less than 8% of the rated power of a single electrolyzer after distributing the power equally among the operating electrolyzers, then the number of operating electrolyzers will be reduced by one or more. However, when the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the high-efficiency range tracking mode, since the effective output power of the wind and solar power generation units is greater than or equal to 30% of the total rated power of the electrolyzers, the power base can ensure that the average power of the electrolyzers is within a reasonable range, thus the situation where the average power is less than 8% of the rated power of a single electrolyzer will not occur.
[0035] The formula for calculating the optimal load point of a single electrolytic cell is as follows: ; In the formula, Optimize the base value of the load point for a single electrolytic cell; The fluctuation intensity influence coefficient. This refers to the wind and solar fluctuation intensity index. Here, the baseline value of the optimized load point for a single electrolytic cell is (…). ) and the influence coefficient of fluctuation intensity ( The values of the two parameters are selected comprehensively based on the equipment operating characteristics of the electrolytic cell, system configuration parameters, and the characteristics of wind and solar resource endowment. This application does not limit the specific values of either parameter. It is understandable that the fluctuation intensity influence coefficient (…) This is called the fluctuation load adjustment sensitivity coefficient, a constant greater than 0, which is selected by the user based on the electrolyzer's equipment operating characteristics, system configuration parameters, and wind and solar resource endowment characteristics. Fluctuation intensity influence coefficient ( The larger the value of the fluctuation intensity coefficient ( ), the more sensitive the system is to fluctuations. Even slight fluctuations will significantly lower the optimal load point of a single electrolytic cell, leading to a more aggressive increase in the number of electrolytic cells in operation to pursue stability. The smaller the value, the milder the system response.
[0036] Specifically, the formula for calculating the wind-solar fluctuation intensity index is as follows: ; In the formula, Predicted wind and solar power data for a future time period of the wind and solar power generation unit ( The power trend baseline is obtained by low-pass filtering the wind and solar power prediction data for the future preset time period of the wind and solar power generation unit. The standard deviation of the difference sequence. This is the system power reference value. Here, the system power reference value (system power reference value) can be the rated power of a single electrolytic cell.
[0037] By applying the technical solution of this embodiment, relying on the coordinated control logic of the wind and solar power generation unit, the electrochemical energy storage unit and the hydrogen production unit, and combining the state of charge zoning and the adaptive switching of the hydrogen production unit's operating mode based on the power characteristics of wind and solar power, the system achieves the maximum and refined consumption of wind and solar energy under different power conditions, effectively reduces wind and solar curtailment, and improves the overall energy utilization rate of the system. Furthermore, by using a multi-cell coordinated power allocation method to handle wind power fluctuations, the system creates a stable operating environment for the electrolyzers, avoids equipment damage caused by frequent start-ups and shutdowns and severe load fluctuations, extends the service life of the electrolyzers, and reduces system operation and maintenance costs.
[0038] Furthermore, the target operating mode also includes an overload absorption mode. When the effective output power of the wind and solar power generation units continuously exceeds 100% of the rated total power of the electrolyzers, and the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit is in the range of 98% or higher, meaning it is almost impossible to absorb the surplus power generated by the wind and solar power generation units, the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is to switch to the overload absorption mode. Specifically, when the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the overload absorption mode, all operating electrolyzers are allowed to increase their load to between 100% and 110% of their rated power, and this overload operation duration does not exceed 4 hours. If the effective output power of the wind and solar power generation units exceeds the total absorption capacity of the hydrogen production unit and the electrochemical energy storage unit, power limiting control measures will be implemented for the wind and solar power generation units.
[0039] Furthermore, the operation and control method of the aforementioned wind-solar-energy storage hydrogen production system will be described below in conjunction with a specific application scenario. This embodiment is applied to an off-grid microgrid system, and the specific system configuration is as follows: the wind and solar power generation unit includes a photovoltaic installed capacity of 25MW and a wind power installed capacity of 25MW, with a total rated power of 50MW; the hydrogen production unit consists of 5 atmospheric pressure alkaline electrolyzers with a rated power of 5MW connected in parallel, with a total installed power of 25MW, and the safe operating load range of a single atmospheric pressure alkaline electrolyzer is 5% to 110% of the rated power, i.e., 0.25MW to 5.5MW; the electrochemical energy storage unit is a lithium-ion battery energy storage system with a capacity of 10MWh and a maximum continuous charge and discharge power of 5MW. On a certain morning, the system encountered unstable sunlight and rapidly passing clouds. The effective output power of the wind and solar power generation units fluctuated drastically around 2MW. At this time, the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit was 55%, in the flexible zone. The system controller first acquired the wind and solar power prediction data sequence for the next 15 minutes. After low-pass filtering, a power trend baseline of approximately 1.95MW was obtained. This power trend baseline of 1.95MW can be regarded as the hydrogen production power that the hydrogen production unit needs to undertake in the future. The standard deviation of the fluctuation component was then calculated to be 0.95MW. Taking the rated power of a single atmospheric pressure alkaline electrolyzer of 5MW as the system power baseline value, the wind and solar fluctuation intensity index was further calculated to be 0.19. In this embodiment, the base value of the optimized load point of a single electrolyzer is taken as 10% of the rated power of a single electrolyzer, i.e., 0.5MW, and the fluctuation intensity influence coefficient is taken as 0.9. Combined with the wind and solar fluctuation intensity index, the dynamically optimized load point is calculated to be approximately 0.43MW. Because the effective output power of the wind and solar power generation unit fluctuates drastically around 2MW (which is less than 7.5MW), and the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit is in the flexible range, the system automatically enters the extreme flexible absorption mode. Subsequently, by rounding up, it is calculated that 5 atmospheric pressure alkaline electrolyzers need to be put into operation. Since the average power of the 5 atmospheric pressure alkaline electrolyzers is less than 8% of the rated power of a single atmospheric pressure alkaline electrolyzer, one atmospheric pressure alkaline electrolyzer is reduced from operation. At the same time, the electrolyzer fluctuation following coefficient is set to 0. According to the total power calculation formula of the hydrogen production unit, the total power of the hydrogen production unit is calculated to be 1.95MW. Finally, the system smoothly started up the four atmospheric pressure alkaline electrolyzers, evenly distributing the total hydrogen production target power of 1.95MW to each operating atmospheric pressure alkaline electrolyzer. The set power of each atmospheric pressure alkaline electrolyzer is about 0.48MW, keeping the total power command of the atmospheric pressure alkaline electrolyzer cluster constant. All real-time fluctuations in the actual power of the wind and solar power generation units around the 1.95MW baseline are balanced by the electrochemical energy storage units in the flexible zone through active absorption or release of electrical energy, effectively smoothing out power fluctuations.
[0040] It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the aforementioned advantageous methods can be freely combined and superimposed without conflict.
[0041] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application. The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. A method for operation and control of a wind-solar-energy storage hydrogen production system, characterized in that, include: The effective output power of the wind and solar power generation unit, the rated total power of the electrolyzer of the hydrogen production unit, and the real-time state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit are obtained. Based on the real-time state of charge, the current operating zone of the electrochemical energy storage unit is determined. The operating zone of the electrochemical energy storage unit includes a flexible zone, a transition zone, and a conservative zone. Based on the relative relationship between the effective output power and the rated total power of the electrolyzer and the current working zone, the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is determined. The target operating mode includes, but is not limited to, the extreme flexible consumption mode and the high-efficiency range tracking mode. The total power command of the hydrogen production unit is generated by combining the target operating mode with the current working partition, and the number of electrolyzers and power allocation of the hydrogen production unit are adjusted, and the electrochemical energy storage unit is adjusted to perform charge and discharge power compensation.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible zone is the range where the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit is greater than 35% and less than 65%. The transition zone is the range where the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit is greater than 20% and less than or equal to 35%, and greater than or equal to 65% and less than 80%. The conservative zone is the range where the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit is less than or equal to 20%, and greater than or equal to 80%.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the effective output power of the wind and solar power generation unit is continuously less than 30% of the rated total power of the electrolyzer, and the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit is in the flexible zone or the transition zone, the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the extreme flexible consumption mode. When the effective output power of the wind and solar power generation unit is continuously greater than 30% of the rated total power of the electrolyzer and less than 100% of the rated total power of the electrolyzer, the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the high-efficiency range tracking mode.
4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The total power of the hydrogen production unit conforms to the following formula: ； In the formula, The total power of the hydrogen production unit. This refers to the hydrogen production power that the hydrogen production unit needs to handle. This is the fluctuation tracking coefficient of the electrolytic cell. This refers to the predicted wind and solar power output for the wind and solar power generation unit over a predetermined period in the future. For the purposes of the above The power trend baseline obtained by performing low-pass filtering; The value of the electrolyzer fluctuation following coefficient is determined based on the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit and the current operating zone of the electrochemical energy storage unit: When the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the extreme flexible consumption mode... ; When the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the high-efficiency range tracking mode, and the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit is in the flexible range, ; When the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the high-efficiency range tracking mode, and the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit is in the transition region, ; When the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the high-efficiency range tracking mode, and the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit is in the conservative region, .
5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The number of electrolyzers operating in the hydrogen production unit conforms to the following formula: ； In the formula, The number of electrolyzers operating in the hydrogen production unit. This refers to the total number of electrolyzers connected in parallel in the hydrogen production unit. This refers to the hydrogen production power that the hydrogen production unit needs to handle. Optimize the load point for a single electrolytic cell; The optimal load point for a single electrolyzer is determined based on the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit. When the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the extreme flexible consumption mode... The value is 10% to 50% of the rated power of a single electrolytic cell; When the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the high-efficiency range tracking mode... The value is taken as 50% to 90% of the rated power of the single electrolytic cell.
6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The optimized load point for a single electrolytic cell conforms to the following formula: ； In the formula, Optimize the base value of the load point for a single electrolytic cell; The fluctuation intensity influence coefficient, The intensity index of wind and solar fluctuations; The wind-solar fluctuation intensity index conforms to the following formula: ； In the formula, For the With the The standard deviation of the difference sequence, This is the system power reference value.
7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After determining the number of electrolyzers operating in the hydrogen production unit, if the power is distributed evenly according to the number of operating electrolyzers such that the average power of the electrolyzers is less than 8% of the rated power of a single electrolyzer, then the number of operating electrolyzers will be reduced by one or more.
8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target operating mode also includes an overload absorption mode; when the effective output power of the wind and solar power generation unit is continuously greater than 100% of the rated total power of the electrolyzer, and the state of charge of the electrochemical energy storage unit is in the range of greater than or equal to 98%, the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the overload absorption mode.
9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the target operating mode of the hydrogen production unit is the overload absorption mode, all the electrolyzers are allowed to operate at 100% to 110% of their rated power for no more than 4 hours.
10. A wind-solar-energy storage hydrogen production system, characterized in that, The system includes a wind and solar power generation unit, an electrochemical energy storage unit, a hydrogen production unit, and a system controller. The hydrogen production unit includes multiple electrolyzers connected in parallel. The system controller is used to execute the method described in any one of claims 1 to 9.