Concrete erosion and abrasion testing device and method under the action of dry-wet coupling

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of testing and inspection technology for materials in water conservancy and hydropower engineering. It provides a device and method for testing the impact and abrasion resistance of concrete under the coupled effects of erosion and wet-dry cycles. The device includes an inner cylinder for holding concrete specimens and abrasives, with a stirring assembly inside; an environmental circulation adjustment mechanism including a solution circulation assembly, a temperature control assembly, and a drying assembly; the solution circulation assembly includes a storage tank for storing sulfate solution, which is connected to the inner cylinder; and a recovery and separation mechanism including an electromagnetic adsorption separation assembly, a vibrating filter box, and a metering assembly. A wastewater discharge assembly connected to the vibrating filter box is located at the bottom of the inner cylinder, and the vibrating filter box contains a filter element for filtering waste liquid. This invention achieves coupled simulation of erosion, wet-dry cycles, and hydraulic impact and abrasion, and solves the problem of difficult separation of abrasives and debris, improving the accuracy of damage quantification and the level of testing automation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of testing and inspection technology for materials in water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and particularly relates to a device and method for testing the impact and abrasion resistance of concrete under the coupled effects of erosion and wet-dry conditions. Background Technology

[0002] Concrete structures (including dams, cross-sea bridges, port terminals, and various water-related infrastructures) are often situated in typical alternating wet and dry environments, such as water level fluctuation zones or splash zones, during long-term service. These structures inevitably endure continuous chemical erosion from corrosive media in the water (such as sulfates and chlorides), and are also subjected to physical abrasion caused by high-speed, sand-laden water flows or wave scouring. The combined effects of these multiple environmental factors—chemical erosion, physical wet-dry cycles, and hydraulic abrasion—exacerbate each other in time and space, resulting in a coupled damage effect far greater than the simple superposition of individual factors. This significantly accelerates the surface deterioration and structural performance degradation of concrete materials.

[0003] However, existing concrete durability testing techniques have the following significant shortcomings: First, the simulated environment is singular and lacks a coupling mechanism. Existing devices mostly focus on simulating single action mechanisms, such as conducting underwater impact abrasion tests based solely on the ASTM C1138 standard, or performing static chemical solution immersion tests alone. It is difficult to achieve fully automated coupled simulation of the entire process of chemical erosion, wet-dry alternation, and hydraulic impact abrasion within the same closed system, resulting in test results that cannot truly reflect the actual service conditions of concrete structures in cold, arid, or marine environments. Second, the detection methods are outdated and lack quantitative accuracy. In traditional impact abrasion tests, the determination of concrete damage usually relies on manual periodic shutdowns, specimen removal, cleaning, drying, and weighing. This is not only cumbersome and interrupts the test process, but also has a long test cycle, and neglects the analysis of impact abrasion debris. In actual experiments, fine debris from concrete spalling mixes with high-hardness abrasives (such as steel balls and iron sand) in the slurry. Existing technologies lack effective online solid-liquid separation and solid-solid separation methods, especially making it difficult to completely separate abrasive particles from concrete debris. This results in the inability to accurately back-calculate the damage amount by collecting wear products in real time, leading to large measurement errors and making it difficult to meet the needs for fine characterization and quantitative analysis of the evolution law of concrete damage under multi-field coupling. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device and method for testing the impact and abrasion resistance of concrete under the combined effects of erosion and wet / dry conditions, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: a concrete impact and abrasion testing device under the coupled effects of erosion and wet / dry conditions, comprising: The grinding reaction mechanism includes an inner cylinder for holding concrete specimens and iron abrasive, and a liftable stirring assembly is provided inside the inner cylinder. The environmental circulation adjustment mechanism includes a solution circulation component connected to the inner cylinder, a temperature control component disposed outside the inner cylinder, and a drying component for blowing hot air into the inner cylinder. The solution circulation component, temperature control component, and drying component continuously complete the sulfate chemical erosion and wet-dry cycle aging process of the concrete specimen within the same inner cylinder. The recycling, separation, and online metering mechanism includes a sewage discharge assembly, a vibrating filter box, an electromagnetic adsorption separation assembly, and a metering assembly, all directly connected to the bottom of the inner cylinder. The sewage discharge assembly discharges the mixed slurry after grinding directly into the vibrating filter box, which is equipped with filter elements to separate the waste liquid. The electromagnetic adsorption separation assembly is positioned above the vibrating filter box to adsorb and separate the ferrous abrasive within it. The metering assembly measures the mass of the remaining concrete debris after the abrasive and waste liquid have been separated, thereby achieving non-interrupted online quantitative detection of concrete grinding damage.

[0006] Preferably, it also includes a frame assembly, the frame assembly including an external fixed frame, a sliding support plate vertically slidably connected to the external fixed frame, the stirring assembly being disposed on the sliding support plate, and two sets of first electric push rods hinged between the fixed frame and the sliding support plate, the first electric push rods being used to adjust the height of the sliding support plate; The frame assembly also includes a ground guide rail disposed below the outer fixed frame, an inner movable frame disposed on the ground guide rail, an inner cylinder disposed on the inner movable frame, and a second electric push rod disposed between the inner movable frame and the outer fixed frame, the second electric push rod being used to push the inner movable frame below the stirring assembly.

[0007] Preferably, an outer cylinder is fitted around the inner cylinder, and a gap is provided between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder, with the temperature control component disposed within the gap.

[0008] Preferably, the stirring assembly includes a stirring motor vertically fixedly connected to the sliding support plate, and the output shaft of the stirring motor is drivenly connected to a stirring paddle. When the sliding support plate descends, the stirring paddle extends into the inner cylinder.

[0009] Preferably, it also includes a liquid inlet pipe, the two ends of which are respectively connected to the solution circulation component and the inner cylinder, and a liquid inlet solenoid valve is provided on the liquid inlet pipe.

[0010] Preferably, the temperature control assembly includes a heating element disposed within the gap, and also includes a temperature sensor disposed within the inner cylinder.

[0011] Preferably, the drying assembly includes a hot air dryer, the air outlet of which extends into the inner cylinder.

[0012] Preferably, the vibration filter box includes a vibration table, on which a receiving container is placed; The filter element includes a microfiltration membrane, which is embedded in the side wall of the receiving container and is used to drain the liquid inside the receiving container.

[0013] Preferably, the electromagnetic adsorption separation component includes a lifting mechanism and a powerful electromagnet. The lifting mechanism is used to adjust the height of the powerful electromagnet so that the powerful electromagnet extends into the receiving container.

[0014] A method for testing the impact and abrasion resistance of concrete under the coupled effects of erosion and wet-dry conditions includes the following steps: S1. Place concrete specimens and abrasive into the inner cylinder; S2. Inject sulfate solution into the inner cylinder through the pipeline assembly and maintain the temperature in the inner cylinder through the temperature control assembly for a preset soaking time. S3. The solution in the inner cylinder is discharged through the sewage discharge component, and the concrete specimen in the inner cylinder is dried through the drying component. S4. Repeat steps S2 and S3 to complete the erosion aging cycle; S5. Inject clean water into the inner cylinder and quickly stir it with the mixing component. Use the sand-containing water flow to wash and grind the concrete specimen. S6. The mixed slurry is discharged into the vibrating filter box through the sewage discharge component. The liquid is filtered out by the filter element, the abrasive is removed by the electromagnetic adsorption separation component, and the mass of wet debris is measured by the metering component. Combined with the initial mass of the concrete specimen, the mass loss rate is calculated.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: 1. This invention constructs an automated test system that integrates sulfate chemical erosion, wet-dry cycle physical action, and sand-containing water flow abrasion, realizing continuous coupled simulation of multiple environmental factors within the same device, and can more realistically reproduce the actual service conditions of hydraulic concrete structures in cold or arid regions.

[0016] 2. This invention innovatively introduces a recycling and online weighing mechanism, utilizing a combination of filtration and electromagnetic adsorption to achieve efficient separation and high-precision quantification of abrasive and concrete debris, effectively avoiding errors introduced by traditional manual sampling, drying, and weighing processes. Furthermore, this device is highly automated and modular, enabling continuous operation and real-time data acquisition during the testing process. This significantly improves testing efficiency and measurement accuracy, and provides reliable experimental technical support for the damage evolution and durability evaluation of hydraulic concrete under complex erosion-abrasion coupling effects. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the detection device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view of the disturbance mechanism according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a right view of the disturbance mechanism according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Among them, 110 is the external fixed frame; 120 is the internal movable frame; 121 is the roller; 140 is the sliding support plate; 130 is the first electric push rod; 150 is the second electric push rod; 160 is the ground guide rail; 210 is the outer cylinder; 220 is the inner cylinder; 211 is the gap; 212 is the observation window; 230 is the stirring motor; 310 is the liquid storage tank; 311 is the liquid inlet pipe; 312 is the liquid inlet solenoid valve; 320 is the heating element; 330 is the heating element. 340. Hot air dryer; 341. Main drain pipe; 410. Drain solenoid valve; 411. Vibrating filter box; 412. Receiving container; 413. Microfiltration membrane; 414. Vibrating table; 421. Waste liquid recovery box; 422. High-power electromagnet; 431. Lifting mechanism; 500. Electronic balance; 6. Main control unit; 7. Vibrating plate; 8. Spring; 9. Motor; 10. Connecting rod; 11. Rotary wheel; 12. Support plate; 13. Connecting plate. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] Example 1: Reference Figure 1 This invention provides a concrete impact and abrasion resistance testing device under the coupled effects of erosion and wet / dry conditions, comprising: The grinding reaction mechanism includes an inner cylinder 220 for holding concrete specimens and iron abrasive, and a lifting and lowering mixing component is provided inside the inner cylinder 220. The environmental circulation adjustment mechanism includes a solution circulation component connected to the inner cylinder 220, a temperature control component located outside the inner cylinder 220, and a drying component for blowing hot air into the inner cylinder 220. The solution circulation component, temperature control component, and drying component continuously complete the sulfate chemical erosion and wet-dry cycle aging process of the concrete specimen within the same inner cylinder 220. The recycling, separation, and online metering mechanism includes a sewage discharge assembly directly connected to the bottom of the inner cylinder 220, a vibrating filter box 410, an electromagnetic adsorption separation assembly, and a metering assembly. The sewage discharge assembly is used to directly discharge the mixed slurry after grinding into the vibrating filter box 410. The vibrating filter box 410 is equipped with a filter element to separate the waste liquid. The electromagnetic adsorption separation assembly is located above the vibrating filter box 410 and is used to adsorb and separate the iron abrasive in the vibrating filter box 410. The metering assembly is used to measure the mass of the remaining concrete debris after the abrasive and waste liquid are separated, thereby realizing non-interrupted online quantitative detection of concrete grinding damage.

[0022] The mixing, solution circulation, and drying components together form an automated testing system integrating sulfate chemical erosion, wet-dry cycle physical action, and sand-laden water flow abrasion. This system enables continuous coupled simulation of multiple environmental factors within the same device, allowing for a more realistic reproduction of the actual service conditions of hydraulic concrete structures in cold or arid regions. The main function of the filter is to discharge the solution from the vibrating filter box 410, separating it from concrete debris. The main function of the electromagnetic adsorption separation component is to separate the abrasive from the concrete debris. The combination of filtration and electromagnetic adsorption achieves efficient separation and high-precision quantification of the abrasive and concrete debris, effectively avoiding errors introduced by traditional manual sampling, drying, and weighing processes.

[0023] The scheme has been further optimized by including a main control unit 500 for automated control and data transmission.

[0024] Further optimization of the scheme also includes a frame assembly, which includes an external fixed frame 110, a sliding support plate 140 vertically slidably connected to the external fixed frame 110, a stirring assembly set on the sliding support plate 140, and two sets of first electric push rods 130 hinged between the external fixed frame 110 and the sliding support plate 140. The first electric push rods 130 are used to adjust the height of the sliding support plate 140. The frame assembly also includes a ground guide rail 160 disposed below the outer fixed frame 110, an inner movable frame 120 disposed on the ground guide rail 160, an inner cylinder 220 disposed on the inner movable frame 120, and a second electric push rod 150 disposed between the inner movable frame 120 and the outer fixed frame 110. The second electric push rod 150 is used to push the inner movable frame 120 to below the mixing assembly.

[0025] In this embodiment, the frame assembly is the support and operating basis of the entire device, including an external fixed frame 110 fixed to the ground and an internal movable frame 120 that can move relative to the external fixed frame.

[0026] The external fixed frame 110 has a portal or frame structure, with one end of two sets of first electric push rods 130 hinged to its top. The two first electric push rods 130 are set at an angle downward, and their telescopic ends are connected to a horizontally set sliding support plate 140. The sliding support plate 140 is used to install the stirring assembly. The first electric push rods 130 drive the sliding support plate 140 to rise and fall, thereby realizing the insertion and removal of the stirring assembly.

[0027] The inner movable frame 120 is located in the space below the outer fixed frame 110, and its bottom is equipped with several rollers 121. A ground guide rail 160 is laid on the ground to cooperate with the rollers 121. One end of a second electric push rod 150 is hinged to one side of the outer fixed frame 110, and the telescopic end of the second electric push rod 150 is hinged to the inner movable frame 120. By extending or retracting the second electric push rod 150, the inner movable frame 120 can be driven to move along the ground guide rail 160, allowing the inner cylinder 220 to enter and exit the test position, facilitating the installation and maintenance of the concrete specimens.

[0028] In a further optimized design, an outer cylinder 210 is fitted around the inner cylinder 220, and a gap 211 is provided between the outer cylinder 210 and the inner cylinder 220. The temperature control component is located within the gap 211.

[0029] In this embodiment, the concrete specimen container adopts a double-layer cylindrical structure, including an outer cylinder 210 and an inner cylinder 220 arranged coaxially. The inner cylinder 220 is the core reaction chamber, used to hold the concrete specimen and abrasive. The outer cylinder 210 covers the outside of the inner cylinder 220, with a gap 211 between them. This gap 211 serves two purposes: firstly, it provides thermal insulation to reduce heat loss and facilitate constant temperature control; secondly, it acts as an overflow chamber to prevent solution splashing.

[0030] In this embodiment, the abrasive can be stainless steel balls or specially made iron sand.

[0031] To further optimize the design, a transparent observation window 212 is provided on the side wall of the outer cylinder 210 to facilitate observation of the internal test status.

[0032] The design is further optimized so that the stirring assembly includes a stirring motor 230 that is vertically fixed on the sliding support plate 140. The output shaft of the stirring motor 230 is driven to a stirring paddle. When the sliding support plate 140 descends, the stirring paddle extends into the inner cylinder 220.

[0033] In this embodiment, when the sliding support plate 140 descends to its position, the stirring paddle extends into the inner cylinder 220 to a predetermined depth to agitate the solution and abrasive.

[0034] The design is further optimized by fixing a cylinder cover to the sliding support plate 140, which is used to close the openings of the outer cylinder 210 and the inner cylinder 220 to form a closed environment and prevent liquid from splashing out and heat from escaping.

[0035] Further optimization of the scheme also includes a liquid inlet pipe 311, the two ends of which are connected to the solution circulation component and the inner cylinder 220, respectively, and a liquid inlet solenoid valve 312 is installed on the liquid inlet pipe 311.

[0036] In this embodiment, the solution circulation assembly includes a storage tank 310 for storing a prepared high-concentration sulfate solution. The storage tank 310 is connected to the inner cylinder 220 via an inlet pipe 311. The inlet pipe 311 passes through the outer cylinder 210 and connects to the inner cylinder 220. An inlet solenoid valve 312 is provided on the inlet pipe 311, and the automatic addition of the solution is controlled by the main control unit 500.

[0037] The further optimized solution includes a temperature control component comprising a heating element 320 disposed within the gap 211, and a temperature sensor disposed within the inner cylinder 220.

[0038] In this embodiment, the heating element 320 can be a waterproof electric heating belt or a PTC heating element, and is laid on the bottom interlayer of the outer cylinder 210 or the outer wall of the inner cylinder 220. During the detection process, in conjunction with a temperature sensor (not shown in the figure), the heating element 320 can heat the sulfate solution and maintain it at a set temperature (e.g., 20℃-60℃), accelerating chemical corrosion.

[0039] The design is further optimized so that the drying components include a hot air dryer 330, the air outlet of which extends into the inner cylinder 220.

[0040] In this embodiment, the hot air dryer 330 is installed above the sliding support plate 140, and its air outlet extends through the cylinder cover into the inner cylinder 220. By blowing hot air into the cylinder, the concrete specimen is quickly dried.

[0041] Further optimization of the scheme: the vibration filter box 410 includes a vibration table 413, on which a receiving container 411 is placed; The filter element includes a microfiltration membrane 412, which is embedded in the side wall of the receiving container 411 and is used to discharge the liquid inside the receiving container 411.

[0042] In a further optimized design, the sewage discharge assembly includes a main sewage pipe 340 connected to the bottom of the inner cylinder 220, and a sewage discharge solenoid valve 341 installed on the pipe. The end of the main sewage pipe 340 is connected to the receiving container 411 via a flexible hose, and the other end is connected to the inner cylinder 220.

[0043] In this embodiment, the vibration filter box 410 is an integral component, with a vibration table 413 installed at its bottom via a spring or damper, and a detachable receiving container 411 placed inside the box.

[0044] The receiving container 411 has a high-precision microfiltration membrane 412 on its side wall. The pore size of the microfiltration membrane 412 is smaller than the minimum particle size of concrete debris (e.g., 0.05mm to 0.1mm), but allows liquid to pass through. A waste liquid recovery tank 414 is provided at the bottom of the vibrating filter box 410, located below the receiving container 411. When the vibrating table 413 is working, the liquid in the mixture quickly passes through the microfiltration membrane 412 into the waste liquid recovery tank 414, while solid materials (i.e., abrasive and concrete debris) are trapped inside the receiving container 411.

[0045] Further optimization of the scheme: the electromagnetic adsorption separation component includes a lifting mechanism 422 and a powerful electromagnet 421. The lifting mechanism 422 is used to adjust the height of the powerful electromagnet 421 so that the powerful electromagnet 421 extends into the receiving container 411.

[0046] In this embodiment, the electromagnetic adsorption separation component is positioned above the vibrating filter box 410, and includes a powerful electromagnet 421 and an electromagnetic lifting mechanism 422. In this embodiment, the electromagnetic lifting mechanism 422 can be a small linear module or a cylinder to drive the lifting of the powerful electromagnet 421. When separation is required, the lifting mechanism 422 drives the activated powerful electromagnet 421 to descend into the receiving container 411, adsorbing all the ferrous abrasive, and then rises back to its original position, thereby completely removing the abrasive from the mixture.

[0047] The solution is further optimized by including an electronic balance 431, positioned below the vibration table 413, for weighing the total mass of the vibration table 413 and all components above it. The tare function of the electronic balance 431 allows for precise measurement of the mass of the remaining material in the receiving container 411.

[0048] The scheme is further optimized. The main control unit 500 adopts a PLC or single-chip microcomputer controller, which is electrically connected to the first electric push rod 130, the second electric push rod 150, the stirring motor 230, the liquid inlet solenoid valve 312, the sewage discharge solenoid valve 341, the heating element 320, the hot air dryer 330, the vibration table 413, the electromagnetic lifting mechanism 422 and the electronic balance 431 respectively to realize fully automated timing control.

[0049] The design was further optimized by installing a water level sensor on the inner wall of the inner cylinder 220 to prevent overflow and dry burning. A video monitoring module is installed on the outer fixed frame 110 to capture real-time images of the test conditions inside the observation window 212 and upload the images and data to a remote server via a mobile network module.

[0050] A method for testing the impact and abrasion resistance of concrete under the coupled effects of erosion and wet-dry conditions includes the following steps: S1. Place concrete specimens and abrasive materials into the inner cylinder 220; S2. Inject sulfate solution into inner cylinder 220 through pipeline assembly and maintain the temperature in inner cylinder 220 through temperature control assembly for preset soaking time; S3. The solution in the inner cylinder 220 is discharged through the sewage discharge component, and the concrete specimen in the inner cylinder 220 is dried through the drying component. S4. Repeat steps S2 and S3 to complete the erosion aging cycle; S5. Inject clean water into the inner cylinder 220 and quickly stir it with the mixing component. Use the sand-containing water flow to wash and grind the concrete specimen. S6. The mixed slurry is discharged into the vibrating filter box 410 through the sewage discharge component. The liquid is filtered out by the filter element, the abrasive is removed by the electromagnetic adsorption separation component, and the mass of wet debris is measured by the metering component. Combined with the initial mass of the concrete specimen, the mass loss rate is calculated.

[0051] The scheme was further optimized with a sulfate concentration of 15%–30% to simulate the sulfate erosion ring.

[0052] The scheme was further optimized so that the stirring speed was 1000-1800 rpm to correspond to the water flow rate of 3-5 m / s in actual engineering.

[0053] The scheme was further optimized with abrasive particle sizes of 12.7±0.1, 19.1±0.1, and 25.4±0.1 to simulate sand and gravel in natural river channels.

[0054] Based on such Figure 1 The detection device shown in this embodiment has the following specific operating steps: Step 1: Sample Installation and Positioning. First, the standard-cured and pre-treated concrete specimen is fixedly installed at the bottom center of the inner cylinder 220. A measured amount of abrasive (steel balls of different sizes are used in this embodiment) is added to the inner cylinder 220. The operator issues a command through the main control unit 500 to retract the second electric push rod 150, pulling the inner moving frame 120 along the ground guide rail 160 into the test position below the outer fixed frame 110. After positioning, the first electric push rod 130 is extended, driving the sliding support plate 140 and the stirring motor 230 to descend until the stirring paddle extends into the inner cylinder 220 to the predetermined depth, while the cylinder cover is closed.

[0055] Step 2: Sulfate "wet" circulation. The main control unit 500 opens the inlet solenoid valve 312, and the solution in the sulfate storage tank 310 is injected into the inner cylinder 220 through the inlet pipe 311 until the water level sensor detects the set water level, after which the valve is closed. The heating element 320 is turned on to heat the solution temperature and maintain it within the set range (e.g., T wet = 40±2℃). Under this condition, the concrete specimen is subjected to full immersion chemical etching for a duration of t1 (12 hours). During this period, the stirring motor 230 can drive the stirring paddle to rotate at low speed intermittently to ensure the uniformity of solution concentration and temperature and avoid local concentration differences.

[0056] Step 3: Hot air "drying" circulation. After the soaking time t1 (12 hours) is completed, open the drain solenoid valve 341 to drain the solution back to the storage tank 310 or directly into the waste liquid recovery tank 414. After emptying, turn on the hot air dryer 330 and input hot air at the set temperature (T dry = 60℃ in this embodiment) into the cylinder through the air outlet. Air dry the concrete specimen to evaporate the moisture in its pores and allow salt crystallization to generate expansion pressure for a duration of t2 (12 hours).

[0057] The wet-dry cycle time is set to 12 hours of soaking + 12 hours of drying to simulate the natural day-night cycle.

[0058] The main control unit 500 automatically repeats steps 2 and 3 a total of N times (30 to 60 cycles) to complete the predetermined sulfate corrosion and wet-dry aging process.

[0059] Step 4: Coupled Abrasive Test. During the final soaking stage (after refilling with clean water), the liquid inside the inner cylinder 220 is retained. The stirring motor 230 is started, causing the agitator to rotate at high speed (1200 rpm). The high-speed rotating water flow drives the abrasive to strongly impact and cut the surface of the concrete specimen, simulating the abrasive impact of sand-laden water flow encountered by actual hydraulic structures. The abrasive process lasts for 72 hours.

[0060] Step 5: Intelligent recycling and separation. After the grinding process is completed, the drain solenoid valve 341 is opened, and the mixed slurry containing sulfate solution, abrasive, and concrete debris generated during grinding flows into the receiving container 411 through the drain manifold 340.

[0061] Filtration: Start the vibration table 413, the vibration accelerates the solid-liquid separation, the liquid passes through the microfiltration membrane 412 and enters the waste liquid recovery tank 414, and the solid mixture (abrasive + debris) remains in the container.

[0062] Magnetic separation: After the liquid is filtered out, the electromagnetic lifting mechanism 422 drives the energized high-powered electromagnet 421 to descend to the bottom of the receiving container 411, adsorbing all the ferrous abrasive. Then the electromagnet rises and resets, removing the abrasive from the container, leaving only concrete debris in the container.

[0063] Step 6: Damage Quantification. After the abrasive has been removed and there is no obvious liquid accumulation in the container, weigh it using an electronic balance 431.

[0064] Weighing: The total mass of the receiving container 411 and the remaining concrete debris inside it is measured and recorded as M2. The tare weight of the receiving container 411 is known to be M3.

[0065] Drying: To eliminate the influence of residual moisture, the receiving container can be quickly dried through the extension pipe of the hot air dryer 330 or an independent heat source before weighing.

[0066] Calculate the mass M1 of concrete debris in the dry state.

[0067] Damage rate calculation: Based on the initial mass M0 of the concrete specimen before the test, the mass loss rate L is calculated using the formula L = M1 / M0 × 100%.

[0068] The main control unit 500 automatically records all data, plots damage evolution curves based on L values ​​under different cycle counts, and sends test reports via mobile network, realizing unattended intelligent testing.

[0069] Table 1. Performance comparison of this embodiment with the traditional ASTM C1138 method. Table 2 Comparison of damage quantification accuracy of different detection methods Example 2: The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that a disturbance mechanism for simulating dynamic wear is provided between the inner moving frame 120 and the outer cylinder 210.

[0070] The disturbance mechanism includes multiple springs 7 and a vibrating plate 6 fixedly connected to the top of the inner movable frame 120. The vibrating plate 6 is fixedly connected to the top of the multiple springs 7, and two sets of vibration generating components are arranged between the vibrating plate 6 and the inner movable frame 120.

[0071] The vibration generating assembly includes two sets of connecting plates 12 fixedly connected to the bottom of the vibrating plate 6. A connecting rod 9 is rotatably connected between the two sets of connecting plates 12. The connecting rod 9 is horizontally arranged. The connecting rods 9 in the two sets of vibration generating assemblies are arranged in parallel. Two sets of support plates 11 are fixedly connected to the top of the inner movable frame 120. The two support plates 11 are located on the outside of the two connecting plates 12 respectively. Rotary wheels 10 are vertically rotatably connected to the two sets of support plates 11 respectively. The two sets of rotary wheels 10 are arranged coaxially. The two ends of the connecting rod 9 are fixedly connected to the sides of the two sets of rotary wheels 10 respectively. A motor 8 is fixedly connected to one support plate 11. The output shaft of the motor 8 is fixedly connected coaxially to the rotary wheel 10 near the motor 8.

[0072] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, during the impact test, when it is necessary to simulate the dynamic water flow impact or mechanical disturbance experienced by the concrete structure under a real hydraulic environment, the main control unit 500 starts the motor 8. The motor 8 drives the rotating wheel 10 to rotate. Since the two ends of the connecting rod 9 are eccentrically fixed to the edge of the rotating wheel 10, the rotation of the rotating wheel 10 drives the connecting rod 9 to make a circular motion, which in turn drives the vibrating plate 6 to generate high-frequency reciprocating vibration in the horizontal and vertical directions under the constraint of the spring 7 through the connecting plate 12. This vibration is transmitted to the inner cylinder 220 through the outer cylinder 210, causing multi-directional, unsteady relative motion between the concrete specimen, abrasive and solution contained in the inner cylinder 220.

[0073] Compared to the static stirring in Example 1, this example adds a dynamic disturbance effect, realizing dynamic disturbance of the mixing medium in the inner cylinder 220 in the horizontal, vertical and composite directions. This can more realistically simulate the dynamic grinding behavior of hydraulic concrete structures under complex service environments such as water flow pulsation, wave impact, mechanical vibration or seismic disturbance. At the same time, the random vibration generated by the disturbance causes the abrasive to exhibit disordered rolling and bouncing motion in the container, which significantly increases the collision frequency and contact angle range between the abrasive and the surface of the concrete specimen. This avoids the problem of concentrated wear path and local excessive wear of abrasive caused by single rotation stirring, making the grinding effect more uniform and closer to the actual working conditions.

[0074] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0075] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for testing the impact and abrasion resistance of concrete under the coupled effects of erosion and wet / dry conditions, characterized in that, include: The grinding reaction mechanism includes an inner cylinder (220) for holding concrete specimens and iron abrasive, and the inner cylinder (220) is provided with a liftable stirring assembly. The environmental circulation adjustment mechanism includes a solution circulation component connected to the inner cylinder (220), a temperature control component disposed outside the inner cylinder (220), and a drying component for blowing hot air into the inner cylinder (220). The solution circulation component, temperature control component, and drying component continuously complete the sulfate chemical erosion and wet-dry cycle aging process of the concrete specimen inside the inner cylinder (220). The recycling, separation, and online metering mechanism includes a sewage discharge assembly, a vibrating filter box (410), an electromagnetic adsorption separation assembly, and a metering assembly that are directly connected to the bottom of the inner cylinder (220). The sewage discharge assembly is used to directly discharge the mixed slurry after grinding into the vibrating filter box (410). The vibrating filter box (410) is equipped with a filter element to separate the waste liquid. The electromagnetic adsorption separation assembly is located above the vibrating filter box (410) and is used to adsorb and separate the iron abrasive in the vibrating filter box (410). The metering assembly is used to measure the mass of the concrete debris remaining after separating the abrasive and waste liquid, thereby realizing non-interrupted online quantitative detection of concrete grinding damage.

2. The concrete impact and abrasion testing device under the coupled action of erosion and wet / dry conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a frame assembly, which includes an external fixed frame (110), on which a sliding support plate (140) is vertically slidably connected. The stirring assembly is disposed on the sliding support plate (140). Two sets of first electric push rods (130) are hinged between the external fixed frame (110) and the sliding support plate (140). The first electric push rods (130) are used to adjust the height of the sliding support plate (140). The frame assembly also includes a ground guide rail (160) disposed below the outer fixed frame (110), an inner movable frame (120) disposed on the ground guide rail (160), an inner cylinder (220) disposed on the inner movable frame (120), a second electric push rod (150) disposed between the inner movable frame (120) and the outer fixed frame (110), the second electric push rod (150) being used to push the inner movable frame (120) below the stirring assembly.

3. The concrete impact and abrasion testing device under the coupled action of erosion and wet / dry conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: An outer cylinder (210) is fitted around the inner cylinder (220), and a gap (211) is provided between the outer cylinder (210) and the inner cylinder (220). The temperature control component is disposed within the gap (211).

4. The concrete impact and abrasion testing device under the coupled action of erosion and wet / dry conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The stirring assembly includes a stirring motor (230) vertically fixedly connected to the sliding support plate (140). The output shaft of the stirring motor (230) is driven to a stirring paddle. When the sliding support plate (140) descends, the stirring paddle extends into the inner cylinder (220).

5. The concrete impact and abrasion testing device under the coupled action of erosion and wet / dry conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a liquid inlet pipe (311), the two ends of which are connected to the solution circulation assembly and the inner cylinder (220) respectively, and a liquid inlet solenoid valve (312) is provided on the liquid inlet pipe (311).

6. The concrete impact and abrasion testing device under the coupled action of erosion and wet / dry conditions according to claim 3, characterized in that: The temperature control assembly includes a heating element (320) disposed within the gap (211) and a temperature sensor disposed within the inner cylinder (220).

7. The concrete impact and abrasion testing device under the coupled action of erosion and wet / dry conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drying assembly includes a hot air dryer (330) whose outlet extends into the inner cylinder (220).

8. The concrete impact and abrasion testing device under the coupled action of erosion and wet / dry conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration filter box (410) includes a vibration table (413) on which a receiving container (411) is placed. The filter element includes a microfiltration membrane (412) which is embedded in the side wall of the receiving container (411) and is used to drain the liquid inside the receiving container (411).

9. The concrete impact and abrasion testing device under the coupled action of erosion and wet / dry conditions according to claim 8, characterized in that: The electromagnetic adsorption separation assembly includes a lifting mechanism (422) and a powerful electromagnet (421). The lifting mechanism (422) is used to adjust the height of the powerful electromagnet (421) so that the powerful electromagnet (421) extends into the receiving container (411).

10. A method for testing the erosion and abrasion resistance of concrete under coupled erosion and wet-dry conditions, based on the concrete erosion and abrasion resistance testing device under coupled erosion and wet-dry conditions as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Place concrete specimens and abrasive into the inner cylinder (220); S2. Sulfate solution is injected into the inner cylinder (220) through the pipeline assembly and the temperature in the inner cylinder (220) is maintained by the temperature control assembly for a preset soaking time. S3. The solution in the inner cylinder (220) is discharged through the sewage discharge assembly, and the concrete specimen in the inner cylinder (220) is dried through the drying assembly; S4. Repeat steps S2 and S3 to complete the erosion aging cycle; S5. Inject clean water into the inner cylinder (220), stir quickly with the mixing component, and use the sand-containing water flow to grind the concrete specimen. S6. The mixed slurry is discharged into the vibrating filter box (410) through the sewage discharge component. The liquid is filtered out by the filter element, the abrasive is removed by the electromagnetic adsorption separation component, and the mass of wet debris is measured by the metering component. Combined with the initial mass of the concrete specimen, the mass loss rate is calculated.

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