Power grid operation monitoring method and system for low-voltage distribution network of transformer area

Abstract

The present application relates to the power grid operation monitoring method and system of the low-voltage distribution network of the transformer area, the method comprises the following steps: constructing the power grid topology diagram; synchronously uploading the latest electrical data packet to the master station system through multiple copy uploading devices; based on multiple latest uploaded electrical data packets, obtaining the respective corresponding level data packet of each level in the power grid topology diagram, and then determining the frozen power amount investigation level and the residual current value investigation level in the power grid topology diagram; based on multiple frozen power amounts in the respective corresponding electrical data packet of each power grid node in the frozen power amount investigation level, multiple residual current values in the respective corresponding electrical data packet of each power grid node in the residual current value investigation level, and multiple voltages in the respective corresponding electrical data packet of each power grid node in the power grid topology diagram, the operation of the power grid is monitored. On the premise of ensuring multiple data comprehensive analysis and judgment to eliminate time misalignment error, the redundant data calculation amount is greatly reduced, and the perfect balance of monitoring accuracy and operation efficiency is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments in this specification relate to the field of power grid operation monitoring technology, specifically to a power grid operation monitoring method and system for low-voltage distribution networks in distribution areas. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous advancement of smart grid construction, the operational status monitoring of low-voltage distribution networks in transformer substations is a crucial link in ensuring power supply reliability and security. For operational monitoring of low-voltage distribution networks in transformer substations, anomalies can be identified by comparing electrical data from upstream and downstream grid nodes based on the network's topology. However, in practical applications, the accuracy of operational monitoring of low-voltage distribution networks in transformer substations is significantly affected by the data acquisition mechanism:

[0003] Currently, electrical data is collected at each power grid node in the low-voltage distribution network of the transformer substation through installed electricity meters. However, due to the difference in the data refresh cycle inside different electricity meters, there is a common problem of time misalignment in the electrical data collected from electricity meters at different power grid nodes.

[0004] This misalignment in data acquisition time will cause a "time misalignment" phenomenon when comparing electrical data at different levels. Because electrical data has dynamic characteristics, analysis based on data with misaligned time will introduce analytical errors, leading to inaccurate subsequent operation monitoring results. This will cause the system to frequently generate false alarms or missed alarms, thereby reducing the reliability of distribution network anomaly troubleshooting.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method to monitor the operation of low-voltage distribution networks in the distribution area that can effectively eliminate the impact of misalignment in meter data time, so as to improve the accuracy and reliability of the judgment of the distribution network operation status. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This specification provides a method and system for monitoring the operation of low-voltage distribution networks in distribution areas. While ensuring comprehensive analysis of multiple data points to eliminate time misalignment errors, it significantly reduces the amount of redundant data calculation and achieves a perfect balance between monitoring accuracy and computational efficiency.

[0007] The technical solution is as follows:

[0008] Firstly, the embodiments of this specification provide a method for monitoring the operation of a low-voltage distribution network in a distribution area, including:

[0009] Construct a power grid topology graph, which includes multiple power grid nodes distributed in a hierarchical manner and topological edges connecting the power grid nodes to represent the connection relationship between the multiple power grid nodes. The hierarchy of the power grid nodes is determined based on the number of path hops of the topological path between the power grid node and the top-level power grid node in the power grid topology graph.

[0010] By setting up data collection and uploading devices at multiple power grid nodes, the electrical data of the electricity meters installed at their respective power grid nodes for monitoring electrical data is collected synchronously and intermittently. When the cumulative number of data collections reaches the preset number, the multiple data collection and uploading devices simultaneously package the electrical data collected at the latest preset number of collections into an electrical data package and upload it to the main station system. The electrical data includes frozen power, remaining current value, and voltage.

[0011] The main station system obtains the corresponding hierarchical data packets for each level of the power grid topology based on the latest electrical data packets uploaded by multiple data collection and uploading devices. Based on the corresponding hierarchical data packets for each level of the power grid topology, the system determines the frozen electricity investigation level and the residual current value investigation level in the power grid topology. The hierarchical data packets include the sum of frozen electricity for each time period between two adjacent data collections and the sum of instantaneous residual current for each data collection. The sum of frozen electricity for each time period between two adjacent data collections is obtained based on the difference in frozen electricity between each power grid node in the corresponding level of the hierarchical data packet. The sum of instantaneous residual current for each data collection is obtained based on the instantaneous residual current of each power grid node in the corresponding level of the hierarchical data packet for that data collection.

[0012] The power grid is monitored based on multiple frozen electricity values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the frozen electricity value investigation level, multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the residual current value investigation level, and multiple voltage values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the power grid topology diagram.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, determining the frozen power level in the power grid topology diagram based on the corresponding hierarchical data packets for each level includes:

[0014] Based on the sum of the frozen electricity volume for each time period between two adjacent data collections in the data packets of each level, the difference of the sum of the frozen electricity volume for multiple time periods between each adjacent level is obtained.

[0015] Based on the sum of frozen electricity in each time period between two adjacent data collections in the data packets of each level, and the difference of the sum of frozen electricity in multiple time periods between each adjacent level, the frozen electricity investigation level in the power grid topology is determined.

[0016] The sum difference of the frozen electricity volume in multiple time periods between adjacent levels is represented as: {DJ1, DJ2, ..., DJn, ..., DJ(N-1)};

[0017] DJn = SDn - XDn;

[0018] DJn represents the difference in the total frozen power during the nth time period between adjacent levels, SDn represents the total frozen power during the time period between the nth and (n+1th)th consecutive data collections in the data packets of the upper level in adjacent levels, XDn represents the total frozen power during the time period between the nth and (n+1th)th consecutive data collections in the data packets of the lower level in adjacent levels, and N represents the preset number of collections.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment, the step of determining the frozen electricity investigation level in the power grid topology diagram based on the sum of frozen electricity during each time period between two adjacent data collections in the corresponding data packets of each level, and the difference between the sums of frozen electricity during multiple time periods between adjacent levels, includes:

[0020] Obtain the first difference ratio threshold between each adjacent level;

[0021] Based on the sum of the frozen electricity during each time period between two adjacent data collections in the data packets of each level, and the difference of the sum of the frozen electricity during multiple time periods between each adjacent level, the ratio of the difference of the sum of the frozen electricity during multiple time periods between each adjacent level is obtained.

[0022] Based on the ratio of the sum of the frozen electricity amounts in multiple time periods corresponding to each adjacent level and the threshold of the first difference ratio corresponding to each adjacent level, the adjacent frozen electricity amount investigation level in the power grid topology is determined.

[0023] The ratio of the total difference in frozen electricity between adjacent levels for multiple time periods is represented as: {BL1, BL2, ..., BLn, ..., BL(N-1)};

[0024] BLn = DJn / SDn;

[0025] BLn represents the percentage difference in the total frozen electricity volume during the nth time period between adjacent levels.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment, determining the residual current value investigation level in the power grid topology diagram based on the corresponding hierarchical data packets for each level includes:

[0027] Obtain the residual current threshold corresponding to each level;

[0028] Based on the sum of instantaneous residual currents corresponding to multiple data collections in the data packets of each level and the residual current threshold of each level, the residual current value investigation level in the power grid topology diagram is determined.

[0029] As a preferred embodiment, the method of monitoring the power grid operation based on multiple frozen quantities in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the frozen quantity investigation hierarchy includes:

[0030] Based on multiple frozen quantities in the electrical data packets corresponding to the upper-level power grid nodes in the adjacent frozen quantity investigation hierarchy, multiple upper-level frozen quantity differences are obtained.

[0031] Based on the multiple frozen quantities in the electrical data packets of all lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid nodes in the adjacent frozen quantity investigation hierarchy, multiple lower-level frozen quantity differences are obtained.

[0032] Based on multiple upper-level frozen power differences and multiple lower-level frozen power differences, the operation of the subnet consisting of upper-level grid nodes and all lower-level grid nodes that have single-hop topology edges with the upper-level grid nodes is monitored.

[0033] Among them, the multiple upper-layer frozen power differences are represented as: {SDC1, SDC2, ..., SDCn, ..., SDC(N-1)};

[0034] The power difference between multiple lower-level frozen states is represented as {XDC1, XDC2, ..., XDCn, ..., XDC(N-1)};

[0035] SDCn = SdC(n+1) - SdCn;

[0036] XDCn = XdC(n+1) - XdCn;

[0037] Wherein, SDCn represents the nth upper-level frozen power difference, XDCn represents the nth lower-level frozen power difference, SdCn represents the frozen power corresponding to the nth data collection in the electrical data packet of the upper-level grid node in the adjacent frozen power investigation level, XdCn represents the sum of the frozen power corresponding to the nth data collection in the electrical data packet of all lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid node in the adjacent frozen power investigation level, and N represents the preset number of collections.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment, the operation monitoring of the subnet composed of upper-level grid nodes and all lower-level grid nodes that have single-hop topology edges with the upper-level grid nodes, based on multiple upper-level frozen power differences and multiple lower-level frozen power differences, includes:

[0039] Obtain the second difference ratio threshold corresponding to the subnet consisting of the upper-level power grid nodes and all lower-level power grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level power grid nodes;

[0040] Based on multiple upper-level frozen power differences and multiple lower-level frozen power differences, obtain the frozen power difference ratio for multiple time periods;

[0041] Based on the frozen power difference ratio of multiple time periods and the second difference ratio threshold corresponding to the subnet composed of the upper-level grid node and all lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid node, the operation of the subnet composed of the upper-level grid node and all lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid node is monitored.

[0042] The percentage difference in frozen power during multiple time periods is represented as: {DJL1, DJL2, ..., DJLn, ..., DJL(N-1)};

[0043] DJLn = (SDCn-XDCn) / SDCn.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment, the operation monitoring of the power grid based on multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the residual current value investigation hierarchy includes:

[0045] For the adjacent residual current value investigation level, based on the multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to the upper-level grid nodes in the adjacent residual current value investigation level, and the multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to all lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid nodes in the adjacent residual current value investigation level, the operation monitoring is carried out on the subnet composed of the upper-level grid nodes and all lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid nodes;

[0046] For residual current value investigation levels where there is no lower-level residual current value investigation level, operation monitoring is performed on multiple power grid nodes in the residual current value investigation level based on multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to each of the multiple power grid nodes in the residual current value investigation level.

[0047] As a preferred embodiment, the operation monitoring of the subnet composed of the upper-level grid node and all lower-level grid nodes with single-hop topology edges to the upper-level grid node is performed based on multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to the upper-level grid nodes in the adjacent residual current value investigation hierarchy, and multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to all lower-level grid nodes in the adjacent residual current value investigation hierarchy. This includes:

[0048] Obtain the upper-level residual current threshold, lower-level residual current threshold, and residual current ratio threshold for the subnet consisting of upper-level grid nodes and all lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid nodes;

[0049] Based on the adjacent residual current values, the electrical data packets of all lower-level power grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level power grid nodes are investigated to obtain the total residual current value.

[0050] Based on the adjacent residual current values, multiple residual current values ​​and multiple total residual current values ​​are obtained from the electrical data packets corresponding to the upper-level power grid nodes in the investigation hierarchy to obtain multiple residual current ratio values.

[0051] Based on the residual current values, the system investigates multiple residual current values, multiple total residual current values, multiple residual current ratio values, residual current ratio thresholds, upper-level residual current thresholds, and lower-level residual current thresholds in the electrical data packets corresponding to the upper-level power grid nodes in the adjacent residual current value investigation hierarchy. This system monitors the operation of the subnet consisting of the upper-level power grid nodes and all lower-level power grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level power grid nodes.

[0052] The total value of multiple residual currents is represented as: {SY1, SY2, ..., SYn, ..., SYN};

[0053] SYn = Syn1+Syn2+…+ Synm+…+ SynM;

[0054] Multiple residual current ratio values ​​are represented as: {SYB1, SYB2, ..., SYBn, ..., SYBN};

[0055] SYBn = SYn / SSyn;

[0056] Wherein, SYn represents the nth total residual current value, Synm represents the residual current value corresponding to the nth data collection in the electrical data packet of the mth lower-level grid node that has a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid node in the adjacent residual current value investigation hierarchy, M represents the total number of lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid node in the adjacent residual current value investigation hierarchy, SYBn represents the nth residual current ratio value, and SSyn represents the residual current value corresponding to the nth data collection in the electrical data packet of the upper-level grid node in the adjacent residual current value investigation hierarchy.

[0057] As a preferred option, electrical data also includes current;

[0058] The method of monitoring the operation of the power grid based on multiple voltages in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the power grid topology diagram includes:

[0059] Obtain the lower voltage limit of the power grid node;

[0060] The voltage difference threshold is determined based on the normal current conditions between an upper-level grid node and a single lower-level grid node that has a single-hop topology edge with that upper-level grid node.

[0061] Based on multiple voltages in the electrical data packets corresponding to the upper-level power grid nodes, multiple voltages in the electrical data packets corresponding to a single lower-level power grid node that has a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level power grid node, voltage difference threshold, and voltage lower limit, the operation monitoring is performed on the subnet composed of the upper-level power grid node and the single lower-level power grid node that has a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level power grid node.

[0062] Secondly, the embodiments of this specification provide a power grid operation monitoring system for a low-voltage distribution network in a distribution area, and a power grid operation monitoring method for a low-voltage distribution network in a distribution area based on the first aspect of the above embodiments, including:

[0063] The module constructs a power grid topology graph, which includes multiple power grid nodes distributed hierarchically and topological edges connecting the power grid nodes to represent the connection relationship between the multiple power grid nodes. The hierarchy of the power grid nodes is determined based on the number of path hops of the topological path between the power grid node and the top-level power grid node in the power grid topology graph.

[0064] The data collection and uploading module uses data collection and uploading devices installed at multiple power grid nodes to synchronously and intermittently collect electrical data from the energy meters installed at their respective power grid nodes for monitoring electrical data. Each time the cumulative number of data collections reaches a preset number, the multiple data collection and uploading devices simultaneously package the electrical data collected at the latest preset number of collections into an electrical data package and upload it to the main station system. The electrical data includes frozen power, remaining current value, and voltage.

[0065] The main station system, based on the latest electrical data packets uploaded by multiple data collection and uploading devices, obtains the corresponding hierarchical data packets for each level in the power grid topology diagram. Based on the corresponding hierarchical data packets for each level in the power grid topology diagram, it determines the frozen electricity investigation level and the residual current value investigation level in the power grid topology diagram. The hierarchical data packets include the sum of frozen electricity for each time period between two adjacent data collections and the sum of instantaneous residual current for each data collection. The sum of frozen electricity for each time period between two adjacent data collections is obtained based on the difference in frozen electricity for each power grid node in the corresponding level of the hierarchical data packet. The sum of instantaneous residual current for each data collection is obtained based on the instantaneous residual current for each power grid node in the corresponding level of the hierarchical data packet at that data collection time.

[0066] The monitoring module monitors the operation of the power grid based on multiple frozen electricity values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the frozen electricity value investigation level, multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the residual current value investigation level, and multiple voltage values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the power grid topology diagram.

[0067] Thirdly, embodiments of this specification provide an electronic device, including a processor and a memory; the processor is connected to the memory; the memory is used to store executable program code; the processor reads the executable program code stored in the memory to run a program corresponding to the executable program code, so as to perform the steps described in the first aspect of the above embodiments.

[0068] Fourthly, embodiments of this specification provide a computer storage medium storing a plurality of instructions adapted for loading by a processor and executing the steps described in the first aspect of the above embodiments.

[0069] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in some embodiments of this specification include at least the following:

[0070] To address the problem of false alarms and missed alarms caused by data time misalignment due to differences in meter refresh cycles in existing technologies, this specification's embodiments employ meter reading and uploading devices installed at multiple power grid nodes. These devices synchronously and intermittently read electrical data from the electricity meters installed at their respective power grid nodes to monitor electrical data. Each time the cumulative number of data reads reaches a preset number, the multiple reading and uploading devices simultaneously package the latest preset number of reads into an electrical data package and upload it to the main station system. Subsequently, the main station system can perform power grid operation analysis based on multiple electrical data reads, effectively offsetting the random deviations caused by inconsistent meter refresh times. Furthermore, building upon the above, since the master station system needs to perform power grid operation analysis based on multiple electrical data sets, analyzing each local subnet composed of power grid nodes with direct topological relationships would result in a massive data processing volume. Therefore, in this embodiment, the master station system obtains the corresponding hierarchical data packets for each level in the power grid topology diagram based on the latest electrical data packets uploaded by multiple meter reading and uploading devices. Based on these hierarchical data packets, the system determines the investigation level in the power grid topology diagram. This involves first performing a macroscopic comparison by level to quickly eliminate normal levels and accurately pinpoint the investigation levels with anomalies. Then, a refined analysis of the local subnet is performed only on the specific power grid nodes within the investigation level. This progressive investigation mechanism, while ensuring comprehensive analysis of multiple data sets to eliminate time misalignment errors, significantly reduces the redundant data calculations for irrelevant levels and nodes, achieving a perfect balance between monitoring accuracy and computational efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0071] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0072] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a power grid operation monitoring method for a low-voltage distribution network in a distribution area, according to some embodiments of this disclosure, is shown.

[0073] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the power grid topology of some embodiments of this disclosure is shown.

[0074] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a power grid operation monitoring system for a low-voltage distribution network in a distribution area, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, is shown.

[0075] Figure 4 A schematic block diagram of an electronic device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0076] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0077] The terms "first," "second," "third," etc., in the description, claims, and accompanying drawings are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0078] The following description provides examples and does not limit the scope, applicability, or examples set forth in the claims. Changes may be made to the function and arrangement of the described elements without departing from the scope of this specification. Various processes or components may be appropriately omitted, substituted, or added to the examples. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Furthermore, features described with respect to some examples may be combined into other examples.

[0079] Figure 1The flowchart illustrates a power grid operation monitoring method for a low-voltage distribution network in a distribution area, according to some embodiments of this disclosure. It should be understood that the numbers in the flowchart do not indicate the order in which these steps are performed; some or all of these steps can be performed in parallel, or their order can be interchanged, and this disclosure does not limit this. Furthermore, Figure 1 The methods described may also include additional steps not shown and / or the steps shown may be omitted, and the scope of this disclosure is not limited in this respect.

[0080] like Figure 1 As shown, the power grid operation monitoring methods for low-voltage distribution networks in a distribution area may include at least:

[0081] Step 102: Construct a power grid topology graph. The power grid topology graph includes multiple power grid nodes distributed in a hierarchical manner and topological edges connecting the power grid nodes to represent the connection relationship between the multiple power grid nodes. The hierarchy of the power grid nodes is determined based on the number of path hops of the topological path between the power grid node and the top-level power grid node in the power grid topology graph.

[0082] Step 104: Using the data collection and uploading devices installed at multiple power grid nodes, electrical data is collected synchronously and intermittently from the energy meters installed at their respective power grid nodes for monitoring electrical data. When the cumulative number of data collections reaches the preset number, the multiple data collection and uploading devices simultaneously package the electrical data collected at the latest preset number of collections into an electrical data package and upload it to the main station system. The electrical data includes frozen power, remaining current value, and voltage.

[0083] Step 106: Based on the latest electrical data packets uploaded by multiple data collection and uploading devices, the main station system obtains the corresponding hierarchical data packets for each level in the power grid topology diagram. Based on these hierarchical data packets, it determines the frozen electricity investigation level and the residual current value investigation level in the power grid topology diagram. The hierarchical data packets include the sum of frozen electricity for each time period between two adjacent data collections, and the sum of instantaneous residual current for each of the multiple data collections. The sum of frozen electricity for each time period between two adjacent data collections is based on the corresponding data packets for all power grid nodes in the corresponding level within that adjacent time period. The difference in frozen electricity between two data collections is obtained (the sum of the frozen electricity between two adjacent data collections is the sum of the differences in frozen electricity between each of the power grid nodes in the corresponding level of the hierarchical data packet). The sum of instantaneous residual current at each data collection is obtained based on the sum of the instantaneous residual current at each of the power grid nodes in the corresponding level of the hierarchical data packet at that data collection (the sum of the instantaneous residual current at each data collection is the sum of the instantaneous residual current at each of the power grid nodes in the corresponding level of the hierarchical data packet at that data collection).

[0084] Step 108: Monitor the operation of the power grid based on the multiple frozen electricity values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the frozen electricity value investigation level, the multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the residual current value investigation level, and the multiple voltages in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the power grid topology diagram.

[0085] Understandably, to address the issue of false alarms and missed alarms caused by data time misalignment due to differences in meter refresh cycles, this embodiment of the specification uses multiple data collection and uploading devices installed at multiple power grid nodes to synchronously and intermittently collect electrical data from the energy meters installed at their respective power grid nodes for monitoring electrical data. Each time the cumulative data collection count reaches a preset number, the multiple data collection and uploading devices simultaneously package the latest preset number of collected electrical data into an electrical data package and upload it to the main station system. Subsequently, the main station system can perform power grid operation analysis based on multiple electrical data sets, effectively offsetting the random deviations caused by inconsistent meter refresh times. Furthermore, building upon the above, since the master station system needs to perform power grid operation analysis based on multiple electrical data sets, analyzing each local subnet composed of directly connected power grid nodes in adjacent levels would result in a massive data processing workload. Therefore, in this embodiment, the master station system obtains the corresponding level data packets for each level in the power grid topology diagram based on the latest electrical data packets uploaded by multiple meter reading and uploading devices. Based on these level data packets, it determines the investigation level in the power grid topology diagram. This involves first performing a macroscopic comparison by level to quickly eliminate normal levels and accurately pinpoint the investigation levels with anomalies. Then, it performs a refined analysis of the local subnet only for the specific power grid nodes within that investigation level. This progressive investigation mechanism, while ensuring comprehensive analysis of multiple data sets to eliminate time misalignment errors, significantly reduces redundant data calculations for irrelevant levels and nodes, achieving a perfect balance between monitoring accuracy and computational efficiency.

[0086] For the power grid topology diagram, please refer to Figure 2 As shown, the power grid nodes in the power grid topology diagram may include several distribution area nodes 101, several branch nodes 102, several area nodes 103, and several user nodes 104.

[0087] Transformer node 101 (i.e., the top-level power grid node): is the power source and root node of the entire topology;

[0088] Branch node 102: It is an intermediate node connecting the substation node 101 and the area node 103, providing a connection point for multiple branches;

[0089] Area node 103: is an intermediate node connecting branch node 102 and user node 104, for example, supplying power to users in a single building;

[0090] User node 104: Represents the node that consumes electricity (Note: for ease of display, ...). Figure 2 The connection line between user node 104 and area node 103 is not shown in the diagram.

[0091] Among them, all transformer area nodes 101 belong to level one of the power grid topology diagram, all branch nodes 102 belong to level two of the power grid topology diagram, all area nodes 103 belong to level three of the power grid topology diagram, and all user nodes 104 belong to level four of the power grid topology diagram.

[0092] In some embodiments of this specification, determining the frozen power investigation level in the power grid topology diagram based on the hierarchical data packets corresponding to each level includes:

[0093] Based on the sum of the frozen electricity volume for each time period between two adjacent data collections in the data packets of each level, the difference of the sum of the frozen electricity volume for multiple time periods between each adjacent level is obtained.

[0094] Based on the sum of frozen electricity in each time period between two adjacent data collections in the data packets of each level, and the difference of the sum of frozen electricity in multiple time periods between each adjacent level, the frozen electricity investigation level in the power grid topology is determined.

[0095] The sum difference of the frozen electricity volume in multiple time periods between adjacent levels is represented as: {DJ1, DJ2, ..., DJn, ..., DJ(N-1)};

[0096] DJn = SDn - XDn;

[0097] SDn=SDn1+ SDn2+…+ SDnk+…+ SDnK;

[0098] XDn =XDn1+ XDn2+…+ XDng+…+ XDnG;

[0099] SDnk = Sk(n+1) - Skn;

[0100] XDng = Xg(n+1) - Xgn;

[0101] DJn represents the difference in the total frozen electricity amount during the nth time period between adjacent levels; SDn represents the total frozen electricity amount during the time period between the nth and (n+1th)th consecutive data collections in the data packets of the upper level in the adjacent level; XDn represents the total frozen electricity amount during the time period between the nth and (n+1th)th consecutive data collections in the data packets of the lower level in the adjacent level; N represents the preset number of data collections; and SDnk represents the difference in the frozen electricity amount during the time period between the nth and (n+1th)th consecutive data collections of the kth grid node in the upper level of the adjacent level. The corresponding frozen power difference is as follows: K represents the total number of grid nodes in the upper level of the adjacent level; XDng represents the frozen power difference corresponding to the g-th grid node in the lower level of the adjacent level between the nth and (n+1)th adjacent data collections; G represents the total number of grid nodes in the lower level of the adjacent level; Skn represents the frozen power corresponding to the k-th grid node in the upper level of the adjacent level at the nth data collection; and Xgn represents the frozen power corresponding to the g-th grid node in the lower level of the adjacent level at the nth data collection.

[0102] The method for determining the frozen electricity level in the power grid topology diagram based on the sum of frozen electricity during each adjacent data collection time period in the corresponding data packet of each level, and the difference of the sum of frozen electricity during multiple time periods between each adjacent level, includes:

[0103] Obtain the first difference ratio threshold between each adjacent level;

[0104] Based on the sum of the frozen electricity during each time period between two adjacent data collections in the data packets of each level, and the difference of the sum of the frozen electricity during multiple time periods between each adjacent level, the ratio of the difference of the sum of the frozen electricity during multiple time periods between each adjacent level is obtained.

[0105] Based on the ratio of the sum of the frozen electricity amounts in multiple time periods corresponding to each adjacent level and the threshold of the first difference ratio corresponding to each adjacent level, the adjacent frozen electricity amount investigation level in the power grid topology is determined.

[0106] The ratio of the total difference in frozen electricity between adjacent levels for multiple time periods is represented as: {BL1, BL2, ..., BLn, ..., BL(N-1)};

[0107] BLn = DJn / SDn;

[0108] BLn represents the percentage difference in the total frozen electricity volume during the nth time period between adjacent levels.

[0109] It is understandable that, for different adjacent layers, due to the differences in physical topology parameters such as line length, conductor cross-sectional area (wire diameter) and number of branches, the line impedance between different adjacent layers is different, which in turn leads to differences in line loss. Therefore, in the embodiments of this specification, it is necessary to obtain the first difference ratio threshold corresponding to each adjacent layer.

[0110] Furthermore, if the sum of the differences in the total frozen electricity volume of multiple time periods corresponding to adjacent levels is greater than the first difference ratio threshold, it is determined that there is a risk of abnormal line loss or electricity theft between adjacent levels. Therefore, both adjacent levels need to be regarded as frozen electricity investigation levels.

[0111] That is, determining the adjacent frozen power investigation level in the power grid topology based on the ratio of the sum of multiple time-period frozen power differences between each adjacent level and the threshold of the first difference ratio between each adjacent level includes:

[0112] If the sum of the differences in the total frozen electricity volume of multiple time periods between adjacent levels is greater than the first difference ratio threshold, then the two adjacent levels are both regarded as frozen electricity volume investigation levels, that is, the two adjacent levels are determined as adjacent frozen electricity volume investigation levels.

[0113] In some embodiments of this specification, determining the residual current value investigation level in the power grid topology diagram based on the hierarchical data packets corresponding to each level includes:

[0114] Obtain the residual current threshold corresponding to each level;

[0115] Based on the sum of instantaneous residual currents corresponding to multiple data collections in the data packets of each level and the residual current threshold of each level, the residual current value investigation level in the power grid topology diagram is determined.

[0116] Understandably, in a power grid topology, different levels each have their own corresponding reasonable leakage current; and for any upper level, its residual current is actually the sum of its own reasonable leakage current and the reasonable leakage currents of all its downstream levels. Therefore, the reasonable leakage current bases differ between different levels, hence the embodiments in this specification obtain the residual current threshold corresponding to each level.

[0117] Furthermore, it is understandable that when the sum of the instantaneous residual currents of the consecutive preset number of data collections in the data packets of a certain level during multiple data collections is greater than the residual current threshold of the level, it is determined that there is leakage in that level, and therefore that level needs to be identified as the residual current value investigation level.

[0118] That is, determining the residual current value investigation level in the power grid topology diagram based on the sum of the instantaneous residual current corresponding to multiple data collections in the corresponding data packets of each level and the corresponding residual current threshold of each level includes:

[0119] If the sum of the instantaneous residual currents of the consecutive preset number of data collections in the data packets corresponding to a certain level is greater than the residual current threshold of the level, then the level is determined as the residual current value investigation level.

[0120] It should be further explained here that in the power grid operation monitoring method provided in the embodiments of this specification, the level may be identified as a frozen power level or a residual current level. When identified as a frozen power level, the frozen power data in the electrical data packet corresponding to the power grid node at that level needs to be used during power grid operation monitoring. When identified as a residual current level, the residual current data in the electrical data packet corresponding to the power grid node at that level needs to be used during power grid operation monitoring. It is understandable that this progressive screening mechanism provided in the embodiments of this specification, while ensuring multiple comprehensive data analysis to eliminate time misalignment errors, further significantly reduces the amount of redundant data calculation for irrelevant levels and nodes, and further achieves a perfect balance between monitoring accuracy and computational efficiency.

[0121] In some embodiments of this specification, the method of monitoring the operation of the power grid based on multiple frozen quantities in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the frozen quantity investigation hierarchy includes:

[0122] Based on multiple frozen quantities in the electrical data packets corresponding to the upper-level power grid nodes in the adjacent frozen quantity investigation hierarchy, multiple upper-level frozen quantity differences are obtained.

[0123] Based on the multiple frozen quantities in the electrical data packets of all lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid nodes in the adjacent frozen quantity investigation hierarchy, multiple lower-level frozen quantity differences are obtained.

[0124] Based on multiple upper-level frozen power differences and multiple lower-level frozen power differences, the operation of the subnet consisting of upper-level grid nodes and all lower-level grid nodes that have single-hop topology edges with the upper-level grid nodes is monitored.

[0125] Among them, the multiple upper-layer frozen power differences are represented as: {SDC1, SDC2, ..., SDCn, ..., SDC(N-1)};

[0126] The power difference between multiple lower-level frozen states is represented as {XDC1, XDC2, ..., XDCn, ..., XDC(N-1)};

[0127] SDCn = SdC(n+1) - SdCn;

[0128] XDCn = XdC(n+1) - XdCn;

[0129] Wherein, SDCn represents the nth upper-level frozen power difference, XDCn represents the nth lower-level frozen power difference, SdCn represents the frozen power corresponding to the nth data collection in the electrical data packet of the upper-level grid node in the adjacent frozen power investigation level, XdCn represents the sum of the frozen power corresponding to the nth data collection in the electrical data packet of all lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid node in the adjacent frozen power investigation level, and N represents the preset number of collections.

[0130] The operation monitoring of the subnet, composed of upper-level grid nodes and all lower-level grid nodes with single-hop topology edges to the upper-level grid nodes, based on multiple upper-level frozen power differences and multiple lower-level frozen power differences, includes:

[0131] Obtain the second difference ratio threshold corresponding to the subnet consisting of the upper-level power grid nodes and all lower-level power grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level power grid nodes;

[0132] Based on multiple upper-level frozen power differences and multiple lower-level frozen power differences, obtain the frozen power difference ratio for multiple time periods;

[0133] Based on the frozen power difference ratio of multiple time periods and the second difference ratio threshold corresponding to the subnet composed of the upper-level grid node and all lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid node, the operation of the subnet composed of the upper-level grid node and all lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid node is monitored.

[0134] The percentage difference in frozen power during multiple time periods is represented as: {DJL1, DJL2, ..., DJLn, ..., DJL(N-1)};

[0135] DJLn = (SDCn-XDCn) / SDCn.

[0136] Understandably, for a subnet consisting of an upper-level grid node and all lower-level grid nodes with a single-hop topology edge to the upper-level grid node, the frozen charge difference corresponding to the upper-level grid node should be slightly greater than the sum of the frozen charge differences corresponding to each of the lower-level grid nodes during the same time period. Furthermore, it is also understandable that for different subnets, due to differences in physical topology parameters such as line length, conductor cross-sectional area (diameter), and number of branches, the line impedances of different subnets differ, resulting in differences in line losses. Therefore, in the embodiments of this specification, it is necessary to separately obtain the second difference ratio threshold corresponding to the subnet consisting of an upper-level grid node and all lower-level grid nodes with a single-hop topology edge to the upper-level grid node, rather than using the same difference ratio threshold for all subnets.

[0137] Therefore, if the percentage of frozen electricity difference in multiple time periods corresponding to a subnet is greater than the second difference percentage threshold for a consecutive preset number of time periods, it is determined that there is an abnormal line loss or a risk of electricity theft in the subnet.

[0138] In some embodiments of this specification, the operation monitoring of the power grid based on multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the residual current value investigation hierarchy includes:

[0139] For the adjacent residual current value investigation level, based on the multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to the upper-level grid nodes in the adjacent residual current value investigation level, and the multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to all lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid nodes in the adjacent residual current value investigation level, the operation monitoring is carried out on the subnet composed of the upper-level grid nodes and all lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid nodes;

[0140] For residual current value investigation levels where there is no lower-level residual current value investigation level, operation monitoring is performed on multiple power grid nodes in the residual current value investigation level based on multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to multiple power grid nodes in the residual current value investigation level.

[0141] The operation monitoring of the subnet composed of the upper-level grid node and all lower-level grid nodes with single-hop topology edges to the upper-level grid node is performed based on multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to the upper-level grid node in the adjacent residual current value investigation hierarchy, and multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to all lower-level grid nodes in the adjacent residual current value investigation hierarchy. This includes:

[0142] Obtain the upper-level residual current threshold, lower-level residual current threshold, and residual current ratio threshold for the subnet consisting of upper-level grid nodes and all lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid nodes;

[0143] Based on the adjacent residual current values, the electrical data packets of all lower-level power grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level power grid nodes are investigated to obtain the total residual current value.

[0144] Based on the adjacent residual current values, multiple residual current values ​​and multiple total residual current values ​​are obtained from the electrical data packets corresponding to the upper-level power grid nodes in the investigation hierarchy to obtain multiple residual current ratio values.

[0145] Based on the residual current values, the system investigates multiple residual current values, multiple total residual current values, multiple residual current ratio values, residual current ratio thresholds, upper-level residual current thresholds, and lower-level residual current thresholds in the electrical data packets corresponding to the upper-level power grid nodes in the adjacent residual current value investigation hierarchy. This system monitors the operation of the subnet consisting of the upper-level power grid nodes and all lower-level power grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level power grid nodes.

[0146] The total value of multiple residual currents is represented as: {SY1, SY2, ..., SYn, ..., SYN};

[0147] SYn = Syn1+Syn2+…+ Synm+…+ SynM;

[0148] Multiple residual current ratio values ​​are represented as: {SYB1, SYB2, ..., SYBn, ..., SYBN};

[0149] SYBn = SYn / SSyn;

[0150] Wherein, SYn represents the nth total residual current value, Synm represents the residual current value corresponding to the nth data collection in the electrical data packet of the mth lower-level grid node that has a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid node in the adjacent residual current value investigation hierarchy, M represents the total number of lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid node in the adjacent residual current value investigation hierarchy, SYBn represents the nth residual current ratio value, and SSyn represents the residual current value corresponding to the nth data collection in the electrical data packet of the upper-level grid node in the adjacent residual current value investigation hierarchy.

[0151] Based on the above, it is understandable that the reasonable leakage current base differs at different levels. Similarly, for a subnet composed of upper-level grid nodes and all lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid nodes, upper-level residual current thresholds and lower-level residual current thresholds should also be set separately. Furthermore, if the residual current value of multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packet corresponding to an upper-level grid node is greater than the upper-level residual current threshold after a consecutive preset number of data collections, then the upper-level grid node is considered a leakage node. If the total residual current value of multiple residual current values ​​is greater than the lower-level residual current threshold after a consecutive preset number of data collections, then all lower-level grid nodes in the subnet are considered leakage nodes.

[0152] Furthermore, it is understandable that the allowable difference in residual current between different subnets may vary. Therefore, in the embodiments of this specification, the residual current ratio threshold corresponding to the subnet consisting of the upper-level grid node and all lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid node is obtained separately.

[0153] Furthermore, the operation monitoring of the subnet composed of the upper-level grid nodes and all lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid nodes is performed based on multiple residual current values, multiple total residual current values, multiple residual current ratio values, residual current ratio thresholds, upper-level residual current thresholds, and lower-level residual current thresholds in the electrical data packets corresponding to the upper-level grid nodes in the adjacent residual current value screening hierarchy. Specifically, but not limited to, the following monitoring and judgment logic may be used:

[0154] Judgment Logic 1: When both the upper-level and lower-level power grid nodes are considered as leakage nodes, and the residual current ratio value of the consecutive preset data collection times among multiple residual current ratio values ​​is greater than the residual current ratio threshold, then the leakage fault of the upper-level power grid node is considered to be caused by the part below the lower-level power grid node (including the lower-level power grid node itself).

[0155] Judgment Logic 2: When both the upper-level and lower-level grid nodes are considered leakage nodes, but none of the multiple residual current ratio values ​​show a situation where the residual current ratio value for consecutive preset data collection times is greater than the residual current ratio threshold, then the leakage fault of the upper-level grid node is considered to be caused by the upper-level grid node itself and / or the part between the upper-level and lower-level grid nodes (the connection line between the two), and the part below the lower-level grid node (including the lower-level grid node itself).

[0156] Judgment Logic 3: When the upper-level grid node is regarded as a leakage node, but the lower-level grid node is not regarded as a leakage node, then the leakage fault of the upper-level grid node is considered to be caused by the upper-level grid node itself and / or the part between the upper-level grid node and the lower-level grid node (the connection line between the two).

[0157] Judgment Logic 4: When neither the upper-level power grid node nor the lower-level power grid node is considered a leakage node, it indicates that there is no leakage fault.

[0158] The residual current value investigation level, which is for lower-level residual current value investigation levels where no residual current value investigation level exists, performs operational monitoring on multiple power grid nodes in the residual current value investigation level based on multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to multiple power grid nodes, including:

[0159] Obtain the residual current value and investigate the node residual current threshold of each of the multiple power grid nodes in the investigation hierarchy;

[0160] Based on the multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to multiple power grid nodes in the residual current value investigation hierarchy, and the node residual current thresholds corresponding to multiple power grid nodes in the residual current value investigation hierarchy, the operation of multiple power grid nodes in the residual current value investigation hierarchy is monitored.

[0161] Specifically, but not limited to, the following monitoring and judgment logic may be used:

[0162] Judgment Logic 1: When the residual current value of the multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packet corresponding to the power grid node is greater than the residual current threshold of the node corresponding to the power grid node after a consecutive preset number of data collections, it is considered that the leakage fault of the power grid node is caused by the power grid node itself and / or the part between the power grid node and the lower-level power grid node (the connection line between the two).

[0163] Judgment Logic 2: If none of the residual current values ​​in the electrical data packet corresponding to the power grid node are greater than the residual current threshold of the node corresponding to the power grid node after a consecutive preset number of data collections, then the power grid node is considered to have no leakage fault.

[0164] In some embodiments of this specification, electrical data also include current;

[0165] The method of monitoring the operation of the power grid based on multiple voltages in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the power grid topology diagram includes:

[0166] Obtain the lower voltage limit of the power grid node;

[0167] The voltage difference threshold is determined based on the normal current conditions between an upper-level grid node and a single lower-level grid node that has a single-hop topology edge with that upper-level grid node.

[0168] Based on multiple voltages in the electrical data packets corresponding to the upper-level power grid nodes, multiple voltages in the electrical data packets corresponding to a single lower-level power grid node that has a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level power grid node, voltage difference threshold, and voltage lower limit, the operation monitoring is performed on the subnet composed of the upper-level power grid node and the single lower-level power grid node that has a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level power grid node.

[0169] Understandably, for voltage, a constraint relationship is only formed between directly connected upper-level grid nodes and lower-level grid nodes. That is, the voltage of a directly connected upper-level grid node should be slightly greater than the voltage of a directly connected lower-level grid node. Therefore, in the embodiments of this specification, the initial screening of the investigation level is not based on voltage. Instead, the operation monitoring of the power grid is directly based on multiple voltages in the electrical data packets corresponding to each grid node in the power grid topology diagram.

[0170] Furthermore, it is understood that for a subnet consisting of an upper-level grid node and a single lower-level grid node with a single-hop topology edge to that upper-level grid node, the allowable voltage drop between the upper and lower levels should be related to the normal current conditions between them. Therefore, in this embodiment, the voltage difference threshold is determined based on the normal current conditions between the upper-level grid node and the single lower-level grid node with a single-hop topology edge to that upper-level grid node. Further, if the voltage difference between the two nodes exceeds this voltage difference threshold for a subsequent preset number of data collection cycles, it indicates a loose connection at the lower-level grid node or a broken wire fault between them. And when the voltage of any grid node is lower than the lower voltage limit for a subsequent preset number of data collection cycles, it indicates a risk of a broken wire in the area above that grid node.

[0171] Additionally, it should be noted that, firstly, the settings for the following parameters mentioned above—"the first difference ratio threshold corresponding to each adjacent level," "the level residual current threshold corresponding to each level," "the second difference ratio threshold corresponding to the subnet consisting of the upper-level grid node and all lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid node," "the upper-level residual current threshold, lower-level residual current threshold, and residual current ratio threshold corresponding to the subnet consisting of the upper-level grid node and all lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid node," "the lower voltage limit of the grid node," and "the voltage difference threshold"—can all be set according to the actual situation of the power grid (physical topology parameters such as line length, conductor cross-sectional area (diameter), and number of branches), the actual monitoring needs (requirements such as fault detection rate), and the electrical data of the power grid during its historical operation (i.e., the historical situation of the data that needs to be set during the historical operation of the power grid). Secondly, the power grid operation monitoring mode provided in the embodiments of this specification, which involves "first performing a macroscopic comparison by level, quickly eliminating normal levels, accurately identifying the levels with anomalies, and then conducting a detailed analysis of the local subnet only for specific power grid nodes within that level," may lead to a decrease in the fault detection rate to some extent. Therefore, in the actual monitoring process, a method of periodically activating full-scale monitoring can be adopted, i.e.:

[0172] The power grid operation monitoring method for the low-voltage distribution network of the distribution area described in any of the above embodiments is used to continuously monitor the power grid operation. During the continuous power grid operation monitoring process, a full monitoring is initiated every preset monitoring time.

[0173] In full-scale monitoring, the operation of the power grid is monitored based on multiple frozen quantities, multiple remaining current values, and multiple voltages in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the power grid topology diagram.

[0174] Furthermore, the monitoring logic is consistent with the corresponding content mentioned above, namely:

[0175] Based on the multiple frozen electricity values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the power grid topology diagram, the risk of abnormal line loss and electricity theft during power grid operation is monitored.

[0176] Based on the multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the power grid topology diagram, the leakage risk during power grid operation is monitored.

[0177] Based on multiple voltages in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the power grid topology diagram, the risk of loose connections and broken wires during power grid operation is monitored.

[0178] Figure 3 This document illustrates a schematic diagram of the structure of a power grid operation monitoring system for a low-voltage distribution network in a distribution area, representing some embodiments of this disclosure. The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner; similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the system embodiments are basically similar to the method embodiments, so the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions in the method embodiments.

[0179] like Figure 3 As shown, the power grid operation monitoring system for the low-voltage distribution network in a distribution area may include at least:

[0180] The module constructs a power grid topology graph, which includes multiple power grid nodes distributed hierarchically and topological edges connecting the power grid nodes to represent the connection relationship between the multiple power grid nodes. The hierarchy of the power grid nodes is determined based on the number of path hops of the topological path between the power grid node and the top-level power grid node in the power grid topology graph.

[0181] The data collection and uploading module uses data collection and uploading devices installed at multiple power grid nodes to synchronously and intermittently collect electrical data from the energy meters installed at their respective power grid nodes for monitoring electrical data. Each time the cumulative number of data collections reaches a preset number, the multiple data collection and uploading devices simultaneously package the electrical data collected at the latest preset number of collections into an electrical data package and upload it to the main station system. The electrical data includes frozen power, remaining current value, and voltage.

[0182] The main station system, based on the latest electrical data packets uploaded by multiple data collection and uploading devices, obtains the corresponding hierarchical data packets for each level in the power grid topology diagram. Based on the corresponding hierarchical data packets for each level in the power grid topology diagram, it determines the frozen electricity investigation level and the residual current value investigation level in the power grid topology diagram. The hierarchical data packets include the sum of frozen electricity for each time period between two adjacent data collections and the sum of instantaneous residual current for each data collection. The sum of frozen electricity for each time period between two adjacent data collections is obtained based on the difference in frozen electricity for each power grid node in the corresponding level of the hierarchical data packet. The sum of instantaneous residual current for each data collection is obtained based on the instantaneous residual current for each power grid node in the corresponding level of the hierarchical data packet at that data collection time.

[0183] The monitoring module monitors the operation of the power grid based on multiple frozen electricity values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the frozen electricity value investigation level, multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the residual current value investigation level, and multiple voltage values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the power grid topology diagram.

[0184] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this specification are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in or transmitted through a computer-readable storage medium. The computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available media may be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., Digital Versatile Discs (DVDs)), or semiconductor media (e.g., Solid State Disks (SSDs)).

[0185] Figure 4 A block diagram of an electronic device 400 that can implement various embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the electronic device 400 includes a processor 410, a disk drive 420, an input / output interface 430, a network interface 440, and a memory 450. The processor 410, disk drive 420, input / output interface 430, network interface 440, and memory 450 can communicate with each other via a communication bus 460.

[0186] The processor 410 can be implemented using a general-purpose CPU, microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits to execute relevant programs and implement the technical solution provided in this application.

[0187] The memory 450 can be implemented in the form of ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Read Access Memory), static memory, dynamic storage devices, etc. The memory 450 can store the operating system 451 for controlling the operation of the electronic device 400, and the Basic Input / Output System 452 for controlling the low-level operations of the electronic device 400. Additionally, it can store a web browser 453, a data storage management system 454, etc. In summary, when implementing the technical solution provided in this application through software or firmware, the relevant program code is stored in the memory 450 and executed by the processor 410.

[0188] Input / output interface 430 is used to connect input / output devices to enable information input and output. Input / output devices can be configured as components within the device (not shown in the figure) or externally connected to the device to provide corresponding functions. Input devices may include keyboards, mice, touchscreens, microphones, various sensors, etc., while output devices may include displays, speakers, vibrators, indicator lights, etc.

[0189] Network interface 440 is used to connect network devices (not shown in the figure) to enable network communication between the device and other devices. The network devices can communicate via wired means (e.g., USB, Ethernet cable) or wireless means (e.g., mobile network, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth).

[0190] Bus 460 includes a pathway for transmitting information between various components of the device, such as processor 410, disk drive 420, input / output interface 430, network interface 440, and memory 450.

[0191] It should be noted that although the above-described device only shows the processor 410, disk drive 420, input / output interface 430, network interface 440, memory 450, bus 460, etc., in specific implementations, the device may also include other components necessary for normal operation. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described device may only include the components necessary for implementing the method of this application, and does not necessarily include all the components shown in the figures.

[0192] The program code used to implement the methods of this disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. This program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that when executed by the processor or controller, the program code causes the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, as a standalone software package partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0193] In the context of this disclosure, a machine-readable medium can be a tangible medium that may contain or store a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A machine-readable medium can be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. Machine-readable media can be, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatus, or devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media include electrical connections based on one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. Furthermore, although operations are depicted in a specific order, this should be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the specific order shown or in sequential order, or requiring that all illustrated operations be performed to achieve the desired result. In certain environments, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Similarly, while several specific implementation details are included in the foregoing discussion, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure. Certain features described in the context of individual embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single implementation may also be implemented individually or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple implementations.

[0194] Although the subject matter has been described using language specific to structural features and / or methodological logic, it should be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or actions described above. Rather, the specific features and actions described above are merely illustrative examples of implementing the claims.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the operation of a low-voltage distribution network in a transformer substation, characterized in that, include: Construct a power grid topology graph, which includes multiple power grid nodes distributed in a hierarchical manner and topological edges connecting the power grid nodes to represent the connection relationship between the multiple power grid nodes. The hierarchy of the power grid nodes is determined based on the number of path hops of the topological path between the power grid node and the top-level power grid node in the power grid topology graph. By setting up data collection and uploading devices at multiple power grid nodes, the electrical data of the electricity meters installed at their respective power grid nodes for monitoring electrical data is collected synchronously and intermittently. When the cumulative number of data collections reaches the preset number, the multiple data collection and uploading devices simultaneously package the electrical data collected at the latest preset number of collections into an electrical data package and upload it to the main station system. The electrical data includes frozen power, remaining current value, and voltage. The main station system obtains the corresponding hierarchical data packets for each level of the power grid topology based on the latest electrical data packets uploaded by multiple data collection and uploading devices. Based on the corresponding hierarchical data packets for each level of the power grid topology, the system determines the frozen electricity investigation level and the residual current value investigation level in the power grid topology. The hierarchical data packets include the sum of frozen electricity for each time period between two adjacent data collections and the sum of instantaneous residual current for each data collection. The sum of frozen electricity for each time period between two adjacent data collections is obtained based on the difference in frozen electricity between each power grid node in the corresponding level of the hierarchical data packet. The sum of instantaneous residual current for each data collection is obtained based on the instantaneous residual current of each power grid node in the corresponding level of the hierarchical data packet for that data collection. The power grid is monitored based on multiple frozen electricity values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the frozen electricity value investigation level, multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the residual current value investigation level, and multiple voltage values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the power grid topology diagram.

2. The power grid operation monitoring method for low-voltage distribution networks in a distribution area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of determining the frozen power level in the power grid topology diagram based on the corresponding data packets for each level includes: Based on the sum of the frozen electricity volume for each time period between two adjacent data collections in the data packets of each level, the difference of the sum of the frozen electricity volume for multiple time periods between each adjacent level is obtained. Based on the sum of frozen electricity in each time period between two adjacent data collections in the data packets of each level, and the difference of the sum of frozen electricity in multiple time periods between each adjacent level, the frozen electricity investigation level in the power grid topology is determined. The sum difference of the frozen electricity volume in multiple time periods between adjacent levels is represented as: {DJ1, DJ2, ..., DJn, ..., DJ(N-1)}; DJn = SDn - XDn; DJn represents the difference in the total frozen power during the nth time period between adjacent levels, SDn represents the total frozen power during the time period between the nth and (n+1th)th consecutive data collections in the data packets of the upper level in adjacent levels, XDn represents the total frozen power during the time period between the nth and (n+1th)th consecutive data collections in the data packets of the lower level in adjacent levels, and N represents the preset number of collections.

3. The power grid operation monitoring method for low-voltage distribution networks in a distribution area according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method for determining the frozen electricity level in the power grid topology diagram based on the sum of frozen electricity during each adjacent data collection time period in the corresponding data packet of each level, and the difference of the sum of frozen electricity during multiple time periods between each adjacent level, includes: Obtain the first difference ratio threshold between each adjacent level; Based on the sum of frozen electricity during each time period between two adjacent data collections in the data packets of each level, and the difference between the sums of frozen electricity during multiple time periods between each adjacent level, the ratio of the difference between the sums of frozen electricity during multiple time periods between each adjacent level is obtained. Based on the ratio of the sum of the frozen electricity amounts in multiple time periods corresponding to each adjacent level and the threshold of the first difference ratio corresponding to each adjacent level, the adjacent frozen electricity amount investigation level in the power grid topology is determined. The ratio of the total difference in frozen electricity volume between adjacent levels for multiple time periods is represented as: {BL1, BL2, ..., BLn, ..., BL(N-1)}; BLn = DJn / SDn; BLn represents the percentage difference in the total frozen electricity volume during the nth time period between adjacent levels.

4. The power grid operation monitoring method for low-voltage distribution networks in a distribution area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of determining the residual current value investigation level in the power grid topology diagram based on the corresponding hierarchical data packets for each level includes: Obtain the residual current threshold corresponding to each level; Based on the sum of the instantaneous residual currents corresponding to multiple data collections in the data packets of each level and the residual current threshold of each level, the residual current value investigation level in the power grid topology diagram is determined.

5. The power grid operation monitoring method for low-voltage distribution networks in a distribution area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of monitoring the operation of the power grid based on multiple frozen quantities in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the frozen quantity investigation hierarchy includes: Based on multiple frozen quantities in the electrical data packets corresponding to the upper-level power grid nodes in the adjacent frozen quantity investigation hierarchy, multiple upper-level frozen quantity differences are obtained. Based on the multiple frozen quantities in the electrical data packets of all lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid nodes in the adjacent frozen quantity investigation hierarchy, multiple lower-level frozen quantity differences are obtained. Based on multiple upper-level frozen power differences and multiple lower-level frozen power differences, the operation of the subnet consisting of upper-level grid nodes and all lower-level grid nodes that have single-hop topology edges with the upper-level grid nodes is monitored. Among them, the multiple upper-layer frozen power differences are represented as: {SDC1, SDC2, ..., SDCn, ..., SDC(N-1)}; The power difference between multiple lower-level frozen states is represented as {XDC1, XDC2, ..., XDCn, ..., XDC(N-1)}; SDCn = SdC(n+1) - SdCn; XDCn = XdC(n+1) - XdCn; Wherein, SDCn represents the nth upper-level frozen power difference, XDCn represents the nth lower-level frozen power difference, SdCn represents the frozen power corresponding to the nth data collection in the electrical data packet of the upper-level grid node in the adjacent frozen power investigation level, XdCn represents the sum of the frozen power corresponding to the nth data collection in the electrical data packet of all lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid node in the adjacent frozen power investigation level, and N represents the preset number of collections.

6. The power grid operation monitoring method for low-voltage distribution networks in a distribution area according to claim 5, characterized in that, The operation monitoring of the subnet, composed of upper-level grid nodes and all lower-level grid nodes with single-hop topology edges to the upper-level grid nodes, based on multiple upper-level frozen power differences and multiple lower-level frozen power differences, includes: Obtain the second difference ratio threshold corresponding to the subnet consisting of the upper-level power grid nodes and all lower-level power grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level power grid nodes; Based on multiple upper-level frozen power differences and multiple lower-level frozen power differences, obtain the frozen power difference ratio for multiple time periods; Based on the frozen power difference ratio of multiple time periods and the second difference ratio threshold corresponding to the subnet composed of the upper-level grid node and all lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid node, the operation of the subnet composed of the upper-level grid node and all lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid node is monitored. The percentage difference in frozen power during multiple time periods is represented as: {DJL1, DJL2, ..., DJLn, ..., DJL(N-1)}; DJLn = (SDCn-XDCn) / SDCn.

7. The power grid operation monitoring method for low-voltage distribution networks in a distribution area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of monitoring the operation of the power grid based on multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the residual current value investigation hierarchy includes: For the adjacent residual current value investigation level, based on the multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to the upper-level grid nodes in the adjacent residual current value investigation level, and the multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to all lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid nodes in the adjacent residual current value investigation level, the operation monitoring is carried out on the subnet composed of the upper-level grid nodes and all lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid nodes; For residual current value investigation levels where there is no lower-level residual current value investigation level, operation monitoring is performed on multiple power grid nodes in the residual current value investigation level based on multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to each of the multiple power grid nodes in the residual current value investigation level.

8. The power grid operation monitoring method for low-voltage distribution networks in a distribution area according to claim 7, characterized in that, The operation monitoring of the subnet composed of the upper-level grid node and all lower-level grid nodes with single-hop topology edges to the upper-level grid node is performed based on multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to the upper-level grid node in the adjacent residual current value investigation hierarchy, and multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to all lower-level grid nodes in the adjacent residual current value investigation hierarchy. This includes: Obtain the upper-level residual current threshold, lower-level residual current threshold, and residual current ratio threshold for the subnet consisting of upper-level grid nodes and all lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid nodes; Based on the adjacent residual current values, the electrical data packets of all lower-level power grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level power grid nodes are investigated to obtain the total residual current value. Based on adjacent residual current values, multiple residual current values ​​and multiple total residual current values ​​are obtained from the electrical data packets corresponding to the upper-level power grid nodes in the investigation hierarchy to obtain multiple residual current ratio values. Based on the residual current values, the system investigates multiple residual current values, multiple total residual current values, multiple residual current ratio values, residual current ratio thresholds, upper-level residual current thresholds, and lower-level residual current thresholds in the electrical data packets corresponding to the upper-level power grid nodes in the adjacent residual current value investigation hierarchy. This system monitors the operation of the subnet consisting of the upper-level power grid nodes and all lower-level power grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level power grid nodes. The total value of multiple residual currents is represented as: {SY1, SY2, ..., SYn, ..., SYN}; SYn = Syn1+Syn2+…+ Synm+…+ SynM; Multiple residual current ratio values ​​are represented as: {SYB1, SYB2, ..., SYBn, ..., SYBN}; SYBn = SYn / SSyn; Wherein, SYn represents the nth total residual current value, Synm represents the residual current value corresponding to the nth data collection in the electrical data packet of the mth lower-level grid node that has a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid node in the adjacent residual current value investigation hierarchy, M represents the total number of lower-level grid nodes that have a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level grid node in the adjacent residual current value investigation hierarchy, SYBn represents the nth residual current ratio value, and SSyn represents the residual current value corresponding to the nth data collection in the electrical data packet of the upper-level grid node in the adjacent residual current value investigation hierarchy.

9. The power grid operation monitoring method for low-voltage distribution networks in a distribution area according to claim 1, characterized in that, Electrical data also includes current; The method of monitoring the operation of the power grid based on multiple voltages in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the power grid topology diagram includes: Obtain the lower voltage limit of the power grid node; The voltage difference threshold is determined based on the normal current conditions between an upper-level grid node and a single lower-level grid node that has a single-hop topology edge with that upper-level grid node. Based on multiple voltages in the electrical data packets corresponding to the upper-level power grid nodes, multiple voltages in the electrical data packets corresponding to a single lower-level power grid node that has a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level power grid node, voltage difference threshold, and voltage lower limit, the operation monitoring is performed on the subnet composed of the upper-level power grid node and the single lower-level power grid node that has a single-hop topology edge with the upper-level power grid node.

10. A power grid operation monitoring system for a low-voltage distribution network in a transformer substation, based on the power grid operation monitoring method for a low-voltage distribution network in a transformer substation as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, include: The module constructs a power grid topology graph, which includes multiple power grid nodes distributed hierarchically and topological edges connecting the power grid nodes to represent the connection relationship between the multiple power grid nodes. The hierarchy of the power grid nodes is determined based on the number of path hops of the topological path between the power grid node and the top-level power grid node in the power grid topology graph. The data collection and uploading module uses data collection and uploading devices installed at multiple power grid nodes to synchronously and intermittently collect electrical data from the energy meters installed at their respective power grid nodes for monitoring electrical data. Each time the cumulative number of data collections reaches a preset number, the multiple data collection and uploading devices simultaneously package the electrical data collected at the latest preset number of collections into an electrical data package and upload it to the main station system. The electrical data includes frozen power, remaining current value, and voltage. The main station system, based on the latest electrical data packets uploaded by multiple data collection and uploading devices, obtains the corresponding hierarchical data packets for each level in the power grid topology diagram. Based on the corresponding hierarchical data packets for each level in the power grid topology diagram, it determines the frozen electricity investigation level and the residual current value investigation level in the power grid topology diagram. The hierarchical data packets include the sum of frozen electricity for each time period between two adjacent data collections and the sum of instantaneous residual current for each data collection. The sum of frozen electricity for each time period between two adjacent data collections is obtained based on the difference in frozen electricity for each power grid node in the corresponding level of the hierarchical data packet. The sum of instantaneous residual current for each data collection is obtained based on the instantaneous residual current for each power grid node in the corresponding level of the hierarchical data packet at that data collection time. The monitoring module monitors the operation of the power grid based on multiple frozen electricity values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the frozen electricity value investigation level, multiple residual current values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the residual current value investigation level, and multiple voltage values ​​in the electrical data packets corresponding to each power grid node in the power grid topology diagram.

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