Multifunctional waste plastic crushing and recycling equipment and recycling method thereof
By using a multi-stage crushing process to shred, compress, cut into strips, and granulate waste plastics, the problems of low efficiency and inconsistent output of existing equipment have been solved, achieving efficient and uniform plastic crushing and recycling.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHANDONG ZHONGHAO PLASTIC IND CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-06-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-24
AI Technical Summary
Existing waste plastic crushing equipment is inefficient, has difficulty processing large-volume, irregularly shaped, three-dimensional waste plastics, produces inconsistent particle sizes, and cannot adapt to the recycling of waste plastics of different shapes and materials.
A continuous pretreatment process of shredding, pressing, cutting, and granulation is adopted. Waste plastics are crushed in multiple stages through shredding, pressing, cutting, and granulation units to ensure uniform particle size and crushing efficiency.
It achieves efficient crushing of waste plastics of different shapes and materials, with good uniformity of output particle size, reducing subsequent processing costs, strong adaptability, and reducing dust and material loss.
Smart Images
Figure CN122442841A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention specifically relates to a multifunctional waste plastic crushing and recycling equipment and its recycling method, belonging to the field of waste plastic crushing and recycling technology. Background Technology
[0002] With the widespread use of plastic products in industrial production and daily life, the amount of waste plastic generated is enormous. Currently, waste plastic treatment methods include manual sorting, incineration and landfill, and mechanical crushing and recycling. Manual sorting relies on manpower to classify, cut, and organize waste plastics, resulting in high labor intensity and low efficiency. It is only suitable for small batches of regularly shaped waste plastics and cannot meet the production needs of large-scale industrial recycling. Incineration and landfill can quickly reduce the volume of waste plastics, but the incineration process causes serious air pollution. Landfilling occupies a large amount of land resources, and plastics are difficult to degrade naturally. To address this, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN112622103B discloses a multifunctional waste plastic crushing and recycling equipment and its recycling method, including a base plate, a plastic striking device, a material control device, a first magnetic suction device, a crushing device, and a... The second magnetic suction device, through a plastic striking device and a crushing device, can perform preliminary and secondary crushing of waste plastics, thereby breaking down and separating the plastic, metal parts, and metal particles in the waste plastics for classification and recycling. This structure achieves preliminary crushing of waste plastics and separation of metal impurities through a plastic striking device and a two-stage crushing device. However, this structure has low crushing efficiency, using only a striking and two-stage impact crushing process. For large-volume, irregularly shaped, three-dimensional waste plastics, repeated crushing is required to achieve the target particle size, resulting in high energy consumption and a long processing cycle. Secondly, the output particle size consistency is poor, making it impossible to perform standardized pretreatment of waste plastics of different thicknesses and hardness. The particle size distribution after crushing is wide, requiring multiple complex screening processes. Furthermore, due to the complex sources of waste plastics, the above structure cannot adapt to the recycling of waste plastics of different shapes. Summary of the Invention
[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention proposes a multifunctional waste plastic crushing and recycling equipment and its recycling method. By tearing three-dimensional waste plastic into blocks or flakes, and then sequentially crushing them into flakes, strips, and coarse particles through roller pressing, the equipment can adapt to complex waste plastics and ensure processing efficiency and consistent output particle size.
[0004] The multifunctional waste plastic crushing and recycling equipment of the present invention includes: Front-end body, The shredding unit includes two sets of shredding shafts rotatably disposed on the upper side of the front end body; the shredding teeth on the shredding shafts are staggered, and the front end body is provided with a stop at the bottom of the shredding shafts; a pass-through groove is provided on the top of the stop. The tableting unit includes an upper tableting roller and a lower tableting roller, which are rotatably disposed inside the front end of the machine body and located below the stop; the lower tableting roller has a row of annular grooves spaced apart on it. The strip cutting unit includes two cutter shafts rotatably disposed below the lower pressure plate rollers. The two cutter shafts are integrally formed with mutually staggered ring cutters. The cutter shafts are provided with annular cutter grooves. The ring cutters roll through the annular groove directly above and the cutter groove on the opposite side. The material guide includes a housing, the top of which is integrally formed with a row of material guide channels. Each material guide channel includes a vertical channel, a ramp channel, and a transverse channel connected in sequence. Sealing plates are fixed to both sides of the vertical and ramp channels. The front-end body is fixed to the housing, and the bottom of the front-end body is connected to the top of the vertical channel. The vertical channel is directly opposite the gap formed by two adjacent ring cutters. A strip pressing and conveying module, the strip pressing and conveying module includes multiple drive rollers that move through both sides of the transverse channel, and a strip conveyor belt is provided inside each transverse channel, the strip conveyor belt being sleeved with the drive rollers; A pelletizing unit is located on the output side of the sheet conveyor belt.
[0005] Furthermore, the pelletizing unit includes a fixed blade located at the bottom of the output side of the sheet conveyor belt. The fixed blade is fixed to the housing and protrudes from the end of the housing. A drive roller is mounted on the housing and the fixed blade directly above them via a bearing seat. A rubber toothed roller is fixed to each output side of the sheet conveyor belt on the drive roller. Side seats are fixed on both sides of the housing, and a toothed columnar main shaft is rotatably mounted on the side seats. A row of cutter discs is embedded on the main shaft. Multiple arc-shaped moving blades are integrally formed on the outer circumference of the cutter discs. The moving blades are movably fitted to the ends of the fixed blades, that is, the cutting surfaces of the moving blades are movably fitted to the cutting edges of the fixed blades to form a shearing pair. A cover plate is provided above the housing, the sheet pressing module, and the moving blades. The cover plate can enclose and protect the sheet conveyor belt and the pelletizing unit to prevent material splashing and provide safety protection. The working process of the pelletizing unit is as follows: The plastic strip is continuously conveyed forward by the sheet conveyor belt until it bites between the rubber toothed roller and the transverse channel. As the sheet conveyor belt and the rubber toothed roller continue to convey it, it enters the front end of the fixed blade and protrudes from the fixed blade. At this time, with the continuous rotation of the main shaft, the main shaft drives the cutter head and the moving blade to rotate synchronously. One moving blade and the fixed blade cooperate to complete the cutting and crushing of the plastic strip protruding from the fixed blade. Through the rotation of the rubber toothed roller and the continuous rotation of the main shaft, the plastic strip is crushed into sheet-like coarse particles. The rubber toothed roller continues to convey the plastic strip, and at the same time, when the moving blade crushes the plastic strip, the rubber toothed roller acts as a clamping device for the cutting end of the plastic strip.
[0006] Furthermore, the rubber toothed roller includes a roller column, and a rubber toothed sleeve is nested and bonded to the outside of the roller column.
[0007] Furthermore, the shredding unit, the pressing unit, the slicing unit, the slice feeding module, and the pelletizing unit are all driven by their respective motor drive assemblies.
[0008] Furthermore, a discharge conveyor belt is provided directly below the granulation unit, and the output end of the discharge conveyor belt is connected to a vibrating screen or a sand washing device; the discharge conveyor belt is used to receive the coarse plastic particles crushed by the granulation unit and to transport them forward; the output end of the discharge conveyor belt can be directly connected to a vibrating screen for particle size classification, or connected to a sand washing device for cleaning treatment.
[0009] Furthermore, the input side of the strip conveyor belt is provided with a slope guide transmission area, which is attached to the bottom of the vertical channel. When the plastic strip moves downward, the bottom end of the plastic strip first abuts against the slope guide transmission area, and the plastic strip smoothly transitions to the inside of the transverse channel through the slope guide transmission area.
[0010] Furthermore, one of the upper pressing rollers has an axial scraper integrally formed on its outer surface; when the upper pressing roller presses the plastic sheet, the axial scraper can cut the plastic sheet to a fixed length. During the process of shredding waste plastic, when multiple pieces of plastic are attached, they are cut off by the axial scraper, and after subsequent cutting and friction transmission, the plastic can be transferred in layers.
[0011] A multifunctional waste plastic crushing and recycling method, employing multifunctional waste plastic crushing and recycling equipment, is described in detail below: The collected three-dimensional waste plastic is fed into the hopper at the top of the front-end machine. Two sets of shredding shafts rotate in opposite directions, tearing and crushing the waste plastic through staggered shredding teeth, breaking the irregular three-dimensional waste plastic into uniformly sized blocks. The shredded blocks move downwards under their own weight and the compressive force of the shredding shafts, and are then evenly fed into the tableting unit after being limited and guided by the stop. The upper tableting rollers first pre-press the blocks, initially forming them into sheets. The pre-pressed sheets are then fed into the lower tableting rollers, where they perform a second, finer pressing to form thicker sheets. The plastic sheets are pressed into uniform thickness. As the lower pressing rollers continue to rotate, the plastic sheets are fed into the cutting unit. Two cutter shafts rotate in opposite directions at high speed, driving the ring cutters to longitudinally shear the plastic sheets. Simultaneously, the ring cutters on opposite sides, the ring grooves of the lower pressing rollers, and the cutter grooves of the cutter shafts together form a hollow guide space on the top and bottom surfaces. After the plastic sheets are cut into multiple plastic strips of uniform width by the ring cutters, they are precisely fed into their respective guide channels through this guide space. The plastic strips pass through the vertical channel, the inclined channel, and the closed material passage formed by the sealing plate in sequence, completing the posture transformation from vertical to horizontal, and then enter the transverse channel. Pressed and conveyed horizontally forward by the strip conveyor belt, the plastic strip is eventually fed into the pelletizing unit. The plastic strip continues to move forward with the conveyor belt until it is caught by the rubber toothed roller and the top surface of the transverse channel. Driven by both the conveyor belt and the rubber toothed roller, it continues to move forward, with its front end extending beyond the cutting edge of the fixed blade. At this point, the main shaft drives the cutter head and moving blades to rotate at high speed. Each time a moving blade passes the fixed blade, it cooperates with the fixed blade to complete one shearing operation, cutting the part of the plastic strip protruding from the fixed blade into flake-like coarse pellets. While continuously conveying the plastic strip, the rubber toothed roller also acts as a clamping mechanism at the cutting end, preventing the plastic strip from slipping under shearing force. The material moves backward to ensure consistent cutting length. The crushed, flaky coarse particles fall under gravity into the discharge conveyor belt below, which then transports them to the next process. The produced flaky coarse particles have a regular shape and stable volume, allowing for a significant difference in particle size with the sand medium during subsequent sand washing. This facilitates rapid separation by a vibrating screen, effectively preventing sand residue. After sand washing, the material is rinsed to remove surface impurities, dried to remove moisture, and then sent to a screening and pulverizing machine for final crushing to obtain recycled plastic granules of different target particle sizes for use in the production and processing of various plastic products.
[0012] Compared with the prior art, the multifunctional waste plastic crushing and recycling equipment and recycling method of the present invention have the following advantages: 1. Good continuous crushing efficiency: Through continuous pretreatment of waste plastics by shredding, splitting, pressing, cutting into strips and granules, the final crushing is into coarse particles with uniform particle size, realizing integrated crushing treatment of waste plastics of different shapes and materials. While significantly improving crushing efficiency, it ensures the uniformity of the output particle size, enhances the adaptability of the equipment to waste plastics from complex sources, and reduces subsequent processing costs; thus realizing continuous and large-scale production of waste plastics.
[0013] 2. Uniform discharge particle size: Waste plastics are compressed, cut into strips and sheared to obtain flaky coarse particles with a narrow particle size distribution and good consistency, eliminating the need for 2-3 subsequent pre-screening processes.
[0014] 3. Highly adaptable and covers a variety of complex materials: The double-set staggered shredding teeth can effectively shred various three-dimensional waste plastics, including rigid plastic shells, plastic pipes, plastic sheets, plastic packaging boxes, etc.; the independently driven units can flexibly adjust the operating parameters according to the hardness and thickness of the material, and can handle different types of waste plastics. It has strong production continuity and a wide range of applications.
[0015] 4. Shear crushing produces less dust and has a high material recovery rate: The entire process uses extrusion and shear crushing methods to replace traditional impact crushing, which fundamentally reduces the generation of dust and ultrafine chips, reduces material loss rate, significantly improves the working environment, and reduces the processing load of subsequent cleaning processes. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the components on the front-end body of the present invention.
[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the front-end body of the present invention.
[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the slitting unit of the present invention.
[0019] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle.
[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the material guide and sheet pressing module of the present invention.
[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the transverse channel and strip pressing module of the present invention.
[0022] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point B in the middle.
[0023] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the material guide, sheet pressing module, sealing plate and cover plate of the present invention.
[0024] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the material guide, sheet pressing module, sealing plate, cover plate and pelletizing unit of the present invention.
[0025] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 9 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point C.
[0026] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the cover plate structure mounted on the pelletizing unit of the present invention.
[0027] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the fixed blade of the present invention.
[0028] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the tool disc and moving tool mounting structure of the present invention.
[0029] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the multifunctional waste plastic crushing and recycling equipment of the present invention.
[0030] Reference numerals: 1. Front body, 2. Shredder shaft, 3. Shredder teeth, 4. Stop, 5. Upper pressing rollers, 6. Lower pressing rollers, 7. Circular groove, 8. Cutter shaft, 9. Ring cutter, 10. Cutter groove, 11. Box base, 12. Vertical channel, 13. Inclined channel, 14. Horizontal channel, 15. Sealing plate, 16. Drive roller, 17. Sheet conveyor belt, 18. Fixed cutter, 19. Drive roller, 20. Rubber toothed roller, 21. Side seat, 22. Main shaft, 23. Cutter disc, 24. Moving cutter, 25. Cover plate, 26. Discharge conveyor belt. Detailed Implementation
[0031] Example 1: like Figures 1 to 14 The multi-functional waste plastic crushing and recycling equipment shown includes: Front-end body 1, The shredding unit includes two sets of shredding shafts 2 rotatably mounted on the upper inner side of the front-end body 1; the shredding teeth 3 on the shredding shafts 2 are staggered; the front-end body 1 has a stop 4 at the bottom of the shredding shafts 2; the top of the stop 4 has a passage groove; the two sets of shredding shafts 2 of the shredding unit are mounted parallel to each other on the inner wall of the front-end body 1 through self-aligning roller bearings; each shredding shaft 2 is fixed with multiple sets of high manganese steel shredding teeth 3; the shredding teeth 3 on the two sets of shredding shafts 2 are staggered with each other, and the tooth tip gap is controlled at 3 to 5 mm to ensure the shredding effect; the surface of the shredding teeth 3 is overlaid with a 3 to 5 mm thick tungsten carbide wear-resistant alloy layer; the stop 4 is made of cast steel and is fixed to the inner wall of the front-end body 1 below the shredding shafts 2 by bolts; the top of the stop 4 has a passage groove, which allows the shredding shafts 2 and shredding teeth 3 to pass smoothly, while preventing large pieces of shredded material from being flipped up again; The tableting unit includes an upper tableting roller 5 and a lower tableting roller 6, which are rotatably mounted inside the front body 1 and positioned below the stop 4. The lower tableting roller 6 has a row of annular grooves 7 spaced apart. Both the upper and lower tableting rollers 5 and 6 are made of solid steel, with the roller surfaces subjected to overall quenching treatment to achieve a hardness of HRC55-60 and good wear resistance. The roller spacing of the upper tableting roller 5 is set to 10 to 15 mm, and the roller spacing of the lower tableting roller 6 is set to 8 to 10 mm, achieving step-by-step tableting and ensuring uniform thickness of the final plastic tablet. The spacing of the annular grooves 7 on the lower tableting roller 6 is consistent with the spacing of the ring cutters 9 in the slicing unit. The depth of the annular grooves 7 is 4 to 6 mm, and the width is 0.2 mm greater than the thickness of the ring cutters 9, providing precise cutting clearance space for the ring cutters 9. The slicing unit includes two cutter shafts 8 rotatably mounted below the lower pressure rollers 6. Each cutter shaft 8 has an integrally formed, staggered ring cutters 9. Each cutter shaft 8 has an annular groove 10. The ring cutters 9 roll through the annular groove 7 directly above and the groove 10 on the opposite side. The two cutter shafts 8 are mounted on the lower part of the front body 1 via precision bearing seats and are driven by synchronous gears to achieve synchronous reverse rotation. The rotation speed can be adjusted within the range of 300-800 r / min. The ring cutters 9 on the cutter shafts 8 are made of high-speed steel, with precision-ground cutting edges, resulting in high sharpness and wear resistance. The spacing between the ring cutters 9 on each cutter shaft 8 is 15 to 20 mm. The ring cutters 9 on the two cutter shafts 8 are staggered and inserted into each other's grooves 10, forming a scissor-type shearing structure. The clearance between the ring cutter 9 and the groove 10 is controlled to be 0.1 to 0.2 mm. The material guide includes a housing 11, the top of which is integrally formed with a row of material guide channels. Each material guide channel includes a vertical channel 12, a ramp channel 13, and a transverse channel 14 connected in sequence. Sealing plates 15 are fixed on both sides of the vertical channel 12 and the ramp channel 13. The front-end body 1 is fixed to the housing 11, and the bottom of the front-end body 1 is connected to the top of the vertical channel 12. The vertical channel 12 is directly opposite the gap formed by two adjacent ring cutters 9. The guide box 11 is made of gray cast iron, which has good rigidity and shock absorption. The number of guide channels on the top of the box 11 corresponds exactly to the number of ring cutters 9, ensuring that each plastic strip can enter an independent material passage. The vertical channel 12 adopts a vertical structure and is 2 to 3 mm wider than the plastic strip, which facilitates the smooth fall of the plastic strip. The inclined channel 13 adopts a 45-degree structure to prevent the plastic strip from getting stuck when turning. The sealing plate 15 is made of stainless steel plate and is fixed to both sides of the guide channel with countersunk bolts. It is easy to disassemble and clean the residual material in the channel. The sheet pressing and feeding module includes multiple drive rollers 16 that move through both sides of the transverse channel 14. Each transverse channel 14 has a sheet conveyor belt 17 inside, and the sheet conveyor belt 17 is sleeved with the drive rollers 16. The drive rollers 16 of the sheet pressing and feeding module are mounted on the housing 11 via bearing seats. The drive roller 16 located at the output end of the transverse channel 14 is the driving roller, which is connected to the drive motor through a reducer. The other drive rollers 16 are driven rollers. The surface of the sheet conveyor belt 17 is pressed with anti-slip texture to increase the friction with the plastic strip and prevent slippage during the conveying process. The slope guide transmission area on the input side of the sheet conveyor belt 17 uses an arc-shaped rubber plate transition, with the upper end tightly attached to the lower edge of the vertical channel 12 to ensure that the plastic strip can smoothly transition onto the conveyor belt. A pelletizing unit is located on the output side of the sheet conveyor belt 17. The pelletizing unit includes a fixed blade 18 located at the bottom of the output side of the sheet conveyor belt 17. The fixed blade 18 is fixed to a housing 11 and protrudes from the end of the housing 11. A drive roller 19 is mounted above the housing 11 and the fixed blade 18 via a bearing seat. A rubber toothed roller 20 is fixed to each output side of the drive roller 19. Side seats 21 are fixed to both sides of the housing 11. A toothed spindle 22 is rotatably mounted on the side seats 21. A row of cutter discs 23 is fitted onto the spindle 22. Multiple arc-shaped moving blades 24 are integrally formed on the outer periphery of each cutter disc 23. The moving blades 24 are movably fitted to the ends of the fixed blades 18, i.e., the cutting surfaces of the moving blades 24 and the cutting ends of the fixed blades 18 are movably fitted to form a shearing pair. The housing 11 and the sheet conveyor belt 17 are connected by bearing seats. A cover plate 25 is provided above the strip pressing module and the moving blade 24. The cover plate 25 can enclose and protect the strip conveyor belt 17 and the granulation unit to prevent material splashing and provide safety protection. The fixed blade 18 of the granulation unit is made of carbide with a straight cutting edge. The rubber toothed roller 20 has trapezoidal teeth on its surface, which can provide sufficient conveying friction and elastically press the plastic strip during shearing to avoid damaging the plastic strip or the blade. The main shaft 22 is mounted on the two side seats 21 through double-row tapered roller bearings. The cutter disc 23 on the main shaft 22 is fixed by a flat key and a locking nut. Six arc-shaped moving blades 24 are evenly distributed on the outer circumference of each cutter disc 23. The moving blades 24 are made of the same carbide as the fixed blades 18. The shearing gap between the moving blades 24 and the fixed blades 18 is controlled at 0.05 to 0.1 mm to ensure cutting efficiency and cross-sectional quality. The multi-functional waste plastic crushing and recycling equipment adopts a modular layout combining vertical and horizontal structures. The front-end body 1 uses a vertical steel plate welded structure, which facilitates the natural falling of materials by gravity and reduces conveying energy consumption. The guide bar, strip pressing module and granulation unit adopt a horizontal structure, which facilitates the horizontal conveying and precise shearing of materials. The top of the front-end body 1 is welded with a funnel-shaped feed inlet, and a protective railing is added to the edge of the feed inlet to prevent material from splashing during feeding. A metal detector and iron remover can be installed inside the feed inlet as needed to separate metal impurities in the waste plastic in advance. The working process of the pelletizing unit is as follows: The plastic strip is continuously conveyed forward by the sheet conveyor belt 17 until it bites into the rubber toothed roller 20 and the transverse channel 14. It continues to be conveyed by the sheet conveyor belt 17 and the rubber toothed roller 20, and enters the front end of the fixed blade 18 and protrudes from the fixed blade 18. At this time, with the continuous rotation of the main shaft 22, the main shaft 22 drives the blade 24 disc 23 and the moving blade 24 to rotate synchronously. One moving blade 24 cooperates with the fixed blade 18 to complete the cutting and crushing of the plastic strip protruding from the fixed blade 18. Through the rotation of the rubber toothed roller 20 and the continuous rotation of the main shaft 22, the plastic strip is crushed into sheet-like coarse particles. The rubber toothed roller 20 continues to convey the plastic strip. At the same time, when the moving blade 24 crushes the plastic strip, the rubber toothed roller 20 acts as a clamping device for the cutting end of the plastic strip.
[0032] The rubber toothed roller 20 includes a roller column, and a rubber toothed sleeve is nested and bonded to the outside of the roller column.
[0033] The shredding unit, pressing unit, slitting unit, slitting and conveying module, and pelletizing unit are all driven by their respective motor drive assemblies. Before operating the crushing and recycling equipment, start the motor drive assemblies of the shredding unit, pressing unit, slitting unit, slitting and conveying module, pelletizing unit, and discharge conveyor belt in sequence, run them unloaded for 3-5 minutes, check the operating status of each unit, and start feeding operations after confirming that there is no abnormal noise or excessive vibration. When processing different types of waste plastics, the operating parameters of each unit can be flexibly adjusted: when processing rigid plastic shells such as ABS and PP, adjust the speed of shredding shaft 2 to 60-80 r / min and appropriately increase the pressure of the pressing rollers to ensure the quality of pressing; when processing semi-rigid plastic sheets such as PE and PVC, adjust the speed of shredding shaft 2 to 80-100 r / min and the speed of the slitting unit to 500-800 r / min to prevent materials from tangling around the blades. Each unit is driven independently, making parameter adjustment more convenient, and the equipment can quickly adapt to the processing needs of different materials.
[0034] A discharge conveyor belt 26 is installed directly below the granulation unit. The output end of the discharge conveyor belt 26 is connected to a vibrating screen or a sand washing device. The discharge conveyor belt 26 is an anti-slip belt conveyor installed directly below the granulation unit, and it performs intermittent conveying to avoid material accumulation. The discharge conveyor belt 26 is used to receive the coarse plastic particles crushed by the granulation unit and convey them forward. The output end of the discharge conveyor belt 26 can be directly connected to a vibrating screen for coarse particle classification or to a spiral sand washing machine for surface cleaning, depending on the subsequent process requirements, to achieve seamless connection with subsequent processes.
[0035] The input side of the sheet conveyor belt 17 is provided with a slope guide transmission area, which is attached to the bottom of the vertical channel 12. When the plastic strip moves downward, the bottom end of the plastic strip first abuts against the slope guide transmission area, and the plastic strip smoothly transitions to the inside of the transverse channel 14 through the slope guide transmission area.
[0036] One of the upper pressing rollers 5 has an axial scraper integrally formed on its outer surface. When the upper pressing roller 5 presses the plastic sheet, the axial scraper can cut the plastic sheet to a fixed length. When multiple pieces of plastic are attached during the shredding process of waste plastic, they are cut off by the axial scraper. After subsequent cutting and friction transmission, the plastic can be transferred in layers.
[0037] A multifunctional waste plastic crushing and recycling method, employing multifunctional waste plastic crushing and recycling equipment, is described in detail below: The collected three-dimensional waste plastic is fed into the hopper at the top of the front-end machine 1. The double sets of shredding shafts 2 rotate in opposite directions, tearing and crushing the waste plastic through the staggered shredding teeth 3, breaking the irregular three-dimensional waste plastic into uniformly sized blocks. The shredded blocks move downwards under their own weight and the squeezing force of the shredding shafts 2, and are evenly fed into the tableting unit after being limited and guided by the stop 4. The upper tableting rollers 5 first pre-press the blocks, initially pressing them into sheets. Then, the pre-pressed sheets are fed into the lower tableting rollers 6, which perform a second fine pressing to form plastic sheets of uniform thickness. As the lower pressing roller 6 continues to rotate, the plastic sheet is fed into the cutting unit. The two cutter shafts 8 rotate in opposite directions at high speed, driving the ring cutter 9 to longitudinally shear the plastic sheet. At the same time, the ring cutter 9 on the opposite side, the annular groove 7 of the lower pressing roller 6, and the cutter groove 10 of the cutter shaft 8 together form a guide space with a hollow top and bottom surface. After the plastic sheet is cut into multiple plastic strips of uniform width by the ring cutter 9, it is accurately fed into its corresponding guide channel through this guide space. The plastic strips pass through the closed material passage formed by the vertical channel 12, the inclined channel 13, and the sealing plate 15 in sequence, completing the posture transformation from vertical to horizontal. Then, they enter the transverse channel 14 and are conveyed by the strips. The plastic strip is pressed and conveyed horizontally forward by the conveyor belt 17, eventually being fed into the pelletizing unit. The plastic strip continues to move forward with the conveyor belt 17 until it is caught by the top surface of the rubber toothed roller 20 and the transverse channel 14. Driven by both the conveyor belt 17 and the rubber toothed roller 20, it continues to move forward, with its front end extending beyond the cutting edge of the fixed blade 18. At this time, the main shaft 22 drives the blade disc 23 and the moving blades 24 to rotate at high speed. Each time the moving blade 24 passes the fixed blade 18, it cooperates with the fixed blade 18 to complete one shearing operation, cutting the part of the plastic strip protruding from the fixed blade 18 into sheet-like coarse particles. While continuously conveying the plastic strip, the rubber toothed roller 20 also acts as a clamping mechanism at the cutting end, preventing the plastic strip from being crushed. The material strip slips and retreats under shearing force to ensure consistent cutting length. The crushed flaky coarse particles fall into the discharge conveyor belt 26 below under gravity and are transported to the next process. The produced flaky coarse particles have a regular shape and stable volume, which can form a significant particle size difference with the sand medium in the subsequent sand washing process, making it easy to separate quickly through the vibrating screen and effectively avoiding sand residue. After sand washing, the material is rinsed to remove surface impurities, dried to remove moisture, and then sent to a screening and crushing machine for final crushing to obtain recycled plastic particles of different target particle sizes for use in the production and processing of various plastic products.
[0038] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes or modifications made to the structure, features and principles described in the claims of the present invention are included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A multifunctional waste plastic crushing and recycling equipment, characterized in that: include: Front-end body, The shredding unit includes two sets of shredding shafts rotatably disposed on the upper side of the front end body; the shredding teeth on the shredding shafts are staggered, and the front end body is provided with a stop at the bottom of the shredding shafts; a pass-through groove is provided on the top of the stop. The tableting unit includes an upper tableting roller and a lower tableting roller, which are rotatably disposed inside the front end of the machine body and located below the stop; the lower tableting roller has a row of annular grooves spaced apart on it. The strip cutting unit includes two cutter shafts rotatably disposed below the lower pressure plate rollers. The two cutter shafts are integrally formed with mutually staggered ring cutters. The cutter shafts are provided with annular cutter grooves. The ring cutters roll through the annular groove directly above and the cutter groove on the opposite side. The material guide includes a housing, the top of which is integrally formed with a row of material guide channels. Each material guide channel includes a vertical channel, a ramp channel, and a transverse channel connected in sequence. Sealing plates are fixed to both sides of the vertical and ramp channels. The front-end body is fixed to the housing, and the bottom of the front-end body is connected to the top of the vertical channel. The vertical channel is directly opposite the gap formed by two adjacent ring cutters. A strip pressing and conveying module, the strip pressing and conveying module includes multiple drive rollers that move through both sides of the transverse channel, and a strip conveyor belt is provided inside each transverse channel, the strip conveyor belt being sleeved with the drive rollers; A pelletizing unit is disposed on the output side of the sheet conveyor belt.
2. The multifunctional waste plastic crushing and recycling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pelletizing unit includes a fixed blade located at the bottom of the output side of the sheet conveyor belt. The fixed blade is fixed to the housing and protrudes from the end of the housing. A drive roller is mounted on the housing and the fixed blade directly above them via a bearing seat. A rubber toothed roller is fixed to the drive roller on the output side of each sheet conveyor belt. Side seats are fixed on both sides of the housing. A toothed columnar main shaft is rotatably mounted on the side seats. A row of cutter discs is embedded in the main shaft. Multiple arc-shaped moving blades are integrally formed on the outer circumference of the cutter discs. The moving blades are movably fitted to the ends of the fixed blades. A cover plate is provided above the housing, the sheet pressing and feeding module, and the moving blades.
3. The multifunctional waste plastic crushing and recycling equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rubber toothed roller includes a roller column, and a rubber toothed sleeve is nested and bonded to the outside of the roller column.
4. The multifunctional waste plastic crushing and recycling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shredding unit, pressing unit, slicing unit, slice conveying module, and pelletizing unit are all driven by their respective motor drive assemblies.
5. The multifunctional waste plastic crushing and recycling equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: A discharge conveyor belt is provided directly below the pelletizing unit.
6. The multifunctional waste plastic crushing and recycling equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The output end of the discharge conveyor belt is connected to a vibrating screen or sand washing equipment.
7. The multifunctional waste plastic crushing and recycling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The input side of the sheet conveyor belt is provided with a sloped guide transmission area, which is attached to the bottom of the vertical channel.
8. The multifunctional waste plastic crushing and recycling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: One of the upper pressing rollers has an axial scraper integrally formed on its exterior.
9. A multifunctional waste plastic crushing and recycling method, using the multifunctional waste plastic crushing and recycling equipment described in claims 2 to 8, characterized in that, The method is as follows: The waste plastic is fed into the hopper at the top of the front-end machine body and shredded by the shredding teeth of the double-set shredding shafts. The shredded waste plastic is then pushed downwards by the extrusion pressure of the double-set shredding shafts and fed into the tableting unit by the limiting and guiding of the stop seats. The upper tableting rollers pre-press the waste plastic into a sheet shape, and then the upper tableting rollers continue to feed the sheet-like waste plastic into the lower tableting rollers. The lower tableting rollers continue to press the sheet-like waste plastic into a sheet, forming a plastic sheet. As the lower tableting rollers continue to apply force, the plastic sheet is formed. Entering the cutting unit, the high-speed rotation of the cutter shaft provides cutting power. At the same time, the top and bottom hollow guide spaces are formed by the ring cutter, ring groove and cutter groove on the opposite side. After the plastic tablet ring cutter cuts into multiple plastic strips, they are guided into their respective guide channels through the guide space. After passing through the material passage formed by the vertical channel, the inclined channel and the sealing plate, the plastic strips enter the transverse channel and are pressed and conveyed by the strip conveyor belt. Finally, they are sent to the crushing unit, where they are crushed into flake coarse particles.
10. The multifunctional waste plastic crushing and recycling method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The working process of the pelletizing unit is as follows: The plastic strip is continuously conveyed forward by the sheet conveyor belt until it bites between the rubber toothed roller and the transverse channel. As the sheet conveyor belt and the rubber toothed roller continue to convey it, it enters the front end of the fixed blade and protrudes from the fixed blade. At this time, with the continuous rotation of the main shaft, the main shaft drives the cutter head and the moving blade to rotate synchronously. One moving blade and the fixed blade cooperate to complete the cutting and crushing of the plastic strip protruding from the fixed blade. Through the rotation of the rubber toothed roller and the continuous rotation of the main shaft, the plastic strip is crushed into sheet-like coarse particles. The rubber toothed roller continues to convey the plastic strip, and at the same time, when the moving blade crushes the plastic strip, the rubber toothed roller acts as a clamping device for the cutting end of the plastic strip.