A method and system for testing bearing coating performance

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of bearing coating performance test method and system, it is related to bearing test technical field, and its technical solution key points include the following steps: according to the coating integrity of target bearing, damage condition and peeling condition, extraction is obtained complete coating set, partial damage coating set and peeling coating set;According to the friction rotation speed of complete coating set, partial damage coating set and peeling coating set, load size and lubrication state obtains working condition information set;First attenuation result set, second attenuation result set and third attenuation result set are combined to form coating performance attenuation condition result set;Based on coating bearing condition result set and coating performance attenuation condition result set, bearing coating failure evaluation result is output, effect is to improve the comprehensiveness and accuracy of performance analysis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bearing testing technology, and more specifically, to a method and system for testing the performance of bearing coatings. Background Technology

[0002] As a supporting component of mechanical equipment, the coating performance of bearings directly determines their service life, operational stability, and load-bearing capacity. Under high-speed, high-load, and complex lubrication conditions, the coating is prone to failure due to factors such as friction and wear, contact stress fatigue, and insufficient interfacial bonding strength, resulting in damage to its integrity, local breakage, or even peeling. This can lead to increased bearing vibration, decreased precision, or even functional failure, posing a threat to the safe operation of the entire equipment system.

[0003] Existing bearing coating performance testing technologies cannot distinguish the characteristics of coatings in different failure states, such as intact coatings, partially damaged coatings, and peeling coatings. This results in test results that fail to reflect the performance differences of coatings at different failure stages and make it difficult to trace the evolution of coating failure. During the testing process, key influencing factors of actual service conditions, such as friction speed, load magnitude, and lubrication status, are often ignored. Only the basic physical properties of the coating are tested, causing the test results to be disconnected from the actual operating conditions of the bearing. As a result, the performance data cannot truly reflect the load-bearing capacity and performance degradation trend of the coating in the actual service environment. The analysis of the coating's load-bearing capacity and performance degradation is mostly a single-dimensional quantification, lacking the integration of load-bearing capacity and degradation in different failure areas, and failing to comprehensively construct the overall load-bearing status and performance degradation status of the coating. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for testing the performance of bearing coatings.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for testing the performance of bearing coatings, the method comprising the following steps: The complete coating set, the partially damaged coating set, and the peeling coating set are extracted based on the coating integrity, damage condition, and peeling condition of the target bearing. The working condition information set is obtained based on the friction speed, load magnitude, and lubrication status of the complete coating set, the partially damaged coating set, and the peeling coating set; The data corresponding to the complete coating set and the working condition information set are processed and analyzed to obtain the first attenuation result set and the first load-bearing result set; The second attenuation result set and the second load-bearing result set are obtained by processing and analyzing the data corresponding to the peeled coating set and the working condition information set. The data corresponding to the local damage set are processed and analyzed to obtain the third attenuation result set and the third bearing capacity result set; The first load-bearing capacity result set, the second load-bearing capacity result set, and the third load-bearing capacity result set are combined to form a coating load-bearing status result set; the first attenuation result set, the second attenuation result set, and the third attenuation result set are combined to form a coating performance attenuation status result set; The bearing coating failure evaluation results are output based on the coating load condition result set and the coating performance degradation result set.

[0006] Preferably, the data corresponding to the complete coating set and the working condition information set are processed and analyzed to obtain the first attenuation result set and the first load-bearing capacity result set, specifically including the following steps: The first coating feature information is obtained based on the coverage thickness, roughness, and uniformity of the complete coating set, and the second coating feature information is obtained based on the defects, number of pores, and distribution of the complete coating set. The first coating feature information and the second coating feature information are combined into a complete coating feature information set; The surface quality of the complete coating area is judged based on the complete coating feature information set to obtain the first coating surface quality result; the coating performance degradation is judged based on the working condition information set and the first coating surface quality result to obtain the condition judgment result set. The first cut-off area is defined in the local damage area based on the friction direction of the working condition information set. The amount of bonding force attenuation in the first cut-off area is determined based on the working condition information set and the condition judgment result set to obtain the first attenuation result set. Based on the first attenuation result set, the complete coating feature information set, and the first coating surface quality result, the stable load-bearing capacity of the complete coating area is determined to obtain the first load-bearing capacity result set.

[0007] Preferably, the surface quality of the complete coating area is judged based on the complete coating feature information set to obtain the first coating surface quality result; the coating performance degradation is judged based on the working condition information set and the first coating surface quality result to obtain the condition judgment result set, specifically including the following steps: The overall density characterization parameters of the coating are obtained based on the coating coverage thickness and coating uniformity of the complete coating feature information set, and the surface micromorphology grade standard is obtained based on the coating surface roughness data. The surface quality level of the complete coating area is obtained based on the overall density characterization parameters of the coating and the surface micromorphology grade standard. The surface quality result of the first coating is obtained by determining the surface quality distribution of the complete coating area based on the surface quality level. The risk surface quality level is obtained by matching the load and friction based on the working condition information set with the surface quality of the first coating. Determine the coupling response relationship between high-risk levels and operating conditions based on lubrication status data, and trace the coating stress transmission path of the coupling response relationship; The stress attenuation benchmark is established based on the stress transmission path of the coating, and the performance attenuation trend is quantified based on the correlation of the stress attenuation benchmark to obtain the condition judgment result set.

[0008] Preferably, a first interception area is defined in the locally damaged area based on the friction direction of the working condition information set, and the bonding force attenuation amount in the first interception area is determined based on the working condition information set and the condition judgment result set to obtain a first attenuation result set, specifically including the following steps: Based on the friction direction of the working condition information set, the main force path of friction in the local damaged area is determined, and the main force path is extended to both sides to the edge of the local damaged area and determined as the first interception area. Based on the friction, load, lubrication status of the working condition information set and the coating performance degradation trend of the condition judgment result set, the first intercepted area is processed into layers to obtain the detection layer. Collect basic data on the bonding force of the detection layer, and obtain the first attenuation result set based on the coating surface quality assessment results of the coating surface quality assessment results set and the bonding force basic data and condition judgment result set.

[0009] Preferably, the first load-bearing capacity result set is obtained by determining the stable load-bearing capacity of the complete coating region based on the first attenuation result set, the complete coating feature information set, and the first coating surface quality result, specifically including the following steps: Based on the surface quality results of the first coating, an effective load-bearing area is obtained where the surface is free of protrusions and microcracks and the roughness is within a preset range. Based on the bonding force attenuation data corresponding to the effective bearing area, and the number and distribution density of pores in the complete coating feature information set, the stable bearing value of the effective bearing area is obtained. The first load-bearing capacity result is obtained based on the first attenuation result set, the stable load-bearing value of the effective load-bearing area, and the coating uniformity data of the complete coating feature information set.

[0010] Preferably, the second attenuation result set and the second load-bearing result set are obtained by processing and analyzing the data corresponding to the peeled coating set and the working condition information set, specifically including the following steps: Based on the exposure status and oxidation degree of the coating substrate of the peeled coating set, a peeling feature information set is obtained. Based on the peeling feature information set, the surface quality of the peeled area is judged to obtain the surface quality judgment result of the peeled coating. The positional relationship between the local damaged area and the spalling area is determined based on the friction direction of the working condition information set to obtain the positional judgment result; the second interception area is obtained by defining the spalling area based on the friction direction. Based on the positional judgment result, the second intercepted region, and the surface quality judgment result, the bonding force attenuation of the second intercepted region is determined to obtain the second attenuation result set. Based on the second attenuation result set, the stable bearing capacity of the corresponding region is determined to obtain the second bearing capacity result set.

[0011] Preferably, the data corresponding to the local damage set are processed and analyzed to obtain the third attenuation result set and the third bearing capacity result set, specifically including the following steps: The damaged coating feature information set is obtained based on the damaged area, crack direction and depth of the local damaged set. The surface quality of the local damaged area is judged based on the damaged coating feature information set to obtain the surface quality result of the second coating. The third cut-off area is determined based on the occlusion area of ​​the locally damaged coating set and the locally damaged area; the bonding force attenuation of the third cut-off area is judged to obtain the third attenuation result set; and the stable bearing capacity of the peeling area is judged based on the third attenuation result set to obtain the third bearing capacity result set.

[0012] Preferably, the process of determining the attenuation of the bonding force in the third intercepted region to obtain a third attenuation result set, and determining the stable bearing capacity of the spalling region based on the third attenuation result set to obtain a third bearing capacity result set, specifically includes the following steps: Directional stress is applied to the third intercept region to ensure that the stress is uniformly transmitted along the interface between the coating and the substrate. The initial bonding strength of the coating interface is determined by the interface response state during the stress transmission process. Collect the deformation displacement caused by stress; The attenuation range of coating adhesion is determined based on the change range of deformation displacement, and the third attenuation result set is obtained based on the applied stress and attenuation range of the third intercepted region. Based on the third attenuation result set, locate the weak areas where the bonding force attenuation is reduced; Apply progressively increasing radial loads to the peeling area. When the coating interface remains stable and no further peeling occurs, the applied radial loads are marked as the third load-bearing result set.

[0013] Preferably, the bearing coating failure evaluation result is output based on the coating load condition result set and the coating performance degradation result set, specifically including the following steps: The actual load-bearing capacity is determined based on the coating load-bearing condition result set, and the distribution of areas with abnormal load-bearing capacity is distinguished based on the actual load-bearing capacity. Based on the coating performance degradation result set, determine the degree of performance degradation in areas with abnormal load-bearing capacity and clarify the correlation between the degree of performance degradation and abnormal load-bearing capacity; The bearing coating failure evaluation results are output based on the distribution and correlation.

[0014] A bearing coating performance testing system, comprising: Extraction module: Extracts complete coating sets, partially damaged coating sets, and peeling coating sets based on the coating integrity, damage condition, and peeling condition of the target bearing; The first processing module obtains a set of working condition information based on the friction speed, load magnitude, and lubrication status of the complete coating set, the partially damaged coating set, and the peeling coating set; The second processing module processes and analyzes the data corresponding to the complete coating set and the working condition information set to obtain the first attenuation result set and the first load-bearing result set. The third processing module: processes and analyzes the data corresponding to the peeled coating set and the working condition information set to obtain the second attenuation result set and the second load-bearing result set; Analysis module: Processes and analyzes the data corresponding to the local damage set to obtain the third attenuation result set and the third bearing capacity result set; The combination module combines the first load-bearing capacity result set, the second load-bearing capacity result set, and the third load-bearing capacity result set to form a coating load-bearing status result set; and combines the first attenuation result set, the second attenuation result set, and the third attenuation result set to form a coating performance attenuation status result set. Output module: Outputs bearing coating failure evaluation results based on the coating load condition result set and the coating performance degradation result set.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention extracts complete coating sets, partially damaged coating sets, and peeling coating sets based on coating integrity, damage condition, and peeling condition. This isolates coating samples at different failure stages, avoiding mutual interference between coating data in different states, and enabling targeted analysis of the performance evolution throughout the entire life cycle. By binding these three sets with corresponding friction speed, load magnitude, and lubrication state to form a working condition information set, a direct correlation is established between coating state and actual service conditions. This overcomes the limitations of traditional testing that is detached from working conditions and provides a more accurate reflection of coating performance changes under different working conditions. The test results are more closely aligned with the actual service scenarios of bearings. Processing the three sets separately yields corresponding attenuation and load-bearing capacity result sets, enabling quantitative analysis of the performance of different failure areas. This comprehensively characterizes the initial performance and stable load-bearing capacity of complete coating areas, and also quantifies the performance attenuation and remaining load-bearing potential of peeling and partially damaged areas, improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of performance analysis. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for testing the performance of a bearing coating according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a test system for bearing coating performance provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0019] Secondly, the term "an embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single embodiment or an embodiment selectively excluded from other embodiments.

[0020] Reference Figures 1-2 As shown.

[0021] The embodiments further illustrate the bearing coating performance testing method and system proposed in this invention.

[0022] A method for testing the performance of bearing coatings, the method comprising the following steps: The complete coating set, the partially damaged coating set, and the peeling coating set are extracted based on the coating integrity, damage condition, and peeling condition of the target bearing. The working condition information set is obtained based on the friction speed, load magnitude, and lubrication status of the complete coating set, the partially damaged coating set, and the peeling coating set; A comprehensive inspection of the target bearing was conducted. Based on the integrity, damage, and spalling of the coating, different coating regions in different states were extracted to form complete coating sets, partially damaged coating sets, and spalled coating sets. The complete coating set consists of areas where the coating has not shown any damage and maintains its initial intact structure. The partially damaged coating set consists of areas where the coating has developed localized microcracks and small-area wear but has not experienced large-area spalling. The spalled coating set consists of areas where the coating has detached from the substrate surface, exposing the substrate material. Physical isolation of coating samples at different failure stages was achieved to avoid interference between coating data from different states. For example, if 80% of the bearing raceway area is a complete coating, 15% is a partially damaged coating, and 5% is a spalled coating, these three types of areas were cut, marked, and extracted separately to form their own independent sets.

[0023] For each type of coating set, corresponding core operating condition parameters are collected to form an operating condition information set. Specifically, the friction speed, load magnitude, and lubrication status data of complete coating sets, partially damaged coating sets, and peeling coating sets are obtained during actual service or simulation testing. Based on these three types of parameters and their corresponding sets, an operating condition information set that reflects the working environment of the coating is formed. Friction speed refers to the relative rotational speed between the coating and the mating part when they come into contact. It directly affects the contact frequency and the rate of frictional heat generation. For example, the friction speed corresponding to a complete coating set is 1000 rpm, the friction speed corresponding to a partially damaged coating set is 1200 rpm, and the friction speed corresponding to a peeling coating set is 1500 rpm. Load magnitude refers to the external force applied to the coating surface, which determines the stress level of the coating. For example, the load corresponding to a complete coating set is 500 N, the load corresponding to a partially damaged coating set is 800 N, and the load corresponding to a peeling coating set is 1000 N. Lubrication state reflects the lubrication medium and lubrication effect between the friction pairs. It is quantified by indicators such as lubrication medium type, oil temperature, and oil exhaustion. For example, the lubrication state corresponding to a complete coating set is good oil lubrication, the lubrication state corresponding to a partially damaged coating set is mixed lubrication, and the lubrication state corresponding to a peeling coating set is oil exhaustion. For friction speed and load magnitude, corresponding normalization standards are established and converted into dimensionless values ​​in the range of 0 to 1. The comprehensive working condition value = friction speed × load magnitude + lubrication state coefficient. The lubrication state coefficient is assigned according to the lubrication effect. The lubrication state coefficient of good oil lubrication is 1, the lubrication state coefficient of mixed lubrication is 0.6, and the lubrication state coefficient of exhausted oil lubrication is 0.3.

[0024] The data corresponding to the complete coating set and the working condition information set are processed and analyzed to obtain the first attenuation result set and the first load-bearing result set; The second attenuation result set and the second load-bearing result set are obtained by processing and analyzing the data corresponding to the peeled coating set and the working condition information set. The data corresponding to the local damage set are processed and analyzed to obtain the third attenuation result set and the third bearing capacity result set; The first load-bearing capacity result set, the second load-bearing capacity result set, and the third load-bearing capacity result set are combined to form a coating load-bearing status result set; the first attenuation result set, the second attenuation result set, and the third attenuation result set are combined to form a coating performance attenuation status result set; The bearing coating failure evaluation results are output based on the coating load condition result set and the coating performance degradation result set.

[0025] The first attenuation result set and the first load-bearing capacity result set are obtained by processing and analyzing the complete coating set data and the working condition information set. The specific steps include: The first coating feature information is obtained based on the coverage thickness, roughness, and uniformity of the complete coating set, and the second coating feature information is obtained based on the defects, number of pores, and distribution of the complete coating set. The first coating feature information and the second coating feature information are combined into a complete coating feature information set; The first coating feature information focuses on the macroscopic structure and surface morphology of the complete coating, quantifying features by collecting coverage thickness, roughness, and uniformity. Cover thickness reflects the deposition thickness of the coating on the substrate surface, directly determining the coating's protective and load-bearing capacity; roughness reflects the degree of microscopic undulation on the coating surface, affecting the contact state and lubrication effect between friction pairs; uniformity characterizes the thickness distribution deviation of the coating in different regions, with smaller deviations indicating more stable coating formation. These three parameters together constitute the first coating feature information, used as the basic characterization of the macroscopic quality of the complete coating. If the average coverage thickness of the complete coating set is 2 micrometers, the average roughness is 0.02 micrometers, and the uniformity deviation is 5%, corresponding normalization standards are established for coverage thickness, roughness, and uniformity deviation, converting them into dimensionless values ​​in the range of 0 to 1. The comprehensive value of the first coating feature = coverage thickness + roughness - uniformity deviation, where a smaller uniformity deviation results in a higher comprehensive value, representing better macroscopic surface quality of the coating.

[0026] The second coating feature information focuses on the internal microstructure dimension of the complete coating, achieving feature quantification by collecting data on the number and distribution of defects and pores. Defects refer to cracks and abnormal structures within or on the surface of the coating, becoming sources of stress concentration; the number of pores reflects the proportion of voids within the coating, with a higher proportion indicating poorer coating density; the distribution reflects the concentration of pores at different depths and regions of the coating, with concentrated pores exacerbating local performance degradation. These three types of parameters together constitute the second coating feature information, used to characterize the internal quality of the complete coating. If the number of defects in the complete coating set is 3 per square millimeter, the number of pores is 10 per cubic millimeter, and the pore distribution dispersion is 20%, corresponding normalization standards are established for the number of defects, the number of pores, and the pore distribution dispersion, converting them into dimensionless values ​​in the range of 0 to 1. The comprehensive value of the second coating feature = number of defects + number of pores - pore distribution dispersion, where a higher pore distribution dispersion indicates a more uniform pore distribution, and a lower comprehensive value indicates poorer internal coating quality.

[0027] The feature information of the first coating and the second coating is fused to form a full-dimensional feature set covering both the macroscopic surface and the microscopic interior. The influence of macroscopic structural quality and microscopic internal quality is incorporated into a unified evaluation system. The total feature score of the complete coating is calculated as: 0.6 × the comprehensive value of the first coating feature + 0.4 × the comprehensive value of the second coating feature, where the weights of 0.6 and 0.4 respectively reflect the degree of influence of macroscopic surface quality and microscopic internal quality on the overall performance of the complete coating. This combination comprehensively reflects the structural integrity and quality stability of the complete coating.

[0028] The surface quality of the complete coating area is determined based on the complete coating feature information set to obtain the first coating surface quality result; the coating performance degradation is determined based on the working condition information set and the first coating surface quality result to obtain the condition judgment result set, which specifically includes the following steps: The overall density characterization parameters of the coating are obtained based on the coating coverage thickness and coating uniformity of the complete coating feature information set, and the surface micromorphology grade standard is obtained based on the coating surface roughness data. The surface quality level of the complete coating area is obtained based on the overall density characterization parameters of the coating and the surface micromorphology grade standard. The surface quality result of the first coating is obtained by determining the surface quality distribution of the complete coating area based on the surface quality level. The risk surface quality level is obtained by matching the load and friction based on the working condition information set with the surface quality of the first coating. Determine the coupling response relationship between high-risk levels and operating conditions based on lubrication status data, and trace the coating stress transmission path of the coupling response relationship; A stress attenuation benchmark is established based on the stress transmission path of the coating, and the performance attenuation trend is quantified based on the correlation of the stress attenuation benchmark to obtain a set of condition judgment results. The complete coating feature information set includes coating coverage thickness, coating uniformity, and surface roughness. The overall coating density characterization parameter is obtained by weighted integration of coverage thickness and uniformity. Coverage thickness determines the basic protective thickness of the coating, while uniformity reflects the deviation in thickness distribution. The smaller the deviation, the denser and more stable the coating structure. The overall coating density characterization parameter = coating coverage thickness × (1 - coating uniformity deviation). The coating uniformity deviation is the difference between the maximum and minimum thickness values ​​divided by the average thickness, with a value range of 0 to 1. The smaller the deviation, the closer (1 - coating uniformity deviation) is to 1, and the closer the density characterization parameter is to the actual coverage thickness level. For example, if the average coverage thickness of a complete coating is 2 micrometers, the maximum thickness is 2.2 micrometers, and the minimum thickness is 1.8 micrometers, the coating uniformity deviation = (2.2 - 1.8) / 2 = 0.2. Substituting this into the formula, the density characterization parameter = 2 × (1 - 0.2) = 1.6. A surface micromorphology grading standard is established based on the surface roughness data of the coating. The roughness values ​​are divided into multiple intervals corresponding to different grades. For example, roughness less than 0.02 micrometers is classified as Grade 1 morphology, 0.02 to 0.05 micrometers as Grade 2 morphology, 0.05 to 0.1 micrometers as Grade 3 morphology, and greater than 0.1 micrometers as Grade 4 morphology. The higher the grade, the greater the surface micro-undulations and the worse the morphology quality.

[0029] The overall density characterization parameters of the coating are correlated and matched with the surface microstructure morphology grade standards to form a surface quality level. The higher the density characterization parameter and the lower the morphology grade, the higher the surface quality level, and vice versa. The surface quality level score = the score corresponding to the density characterization parameter + the score corresponding to the morphology grade. Among them, a density characterization parameter of 1.5 to 2.0 corresponds to 5 points, a density characterization parameter of 1.0 to 1.5 corresponds to 4 points, a density characterization parameter of 0.5 to 1.0 corresponds to 3 points, and a density characterization parameter less than 0.5 corresponds to 2 points; a morphology grade of level 1 corresponds to 5 points, a morphology grade of level 2 corresponds to 4 points, a morphology grade of level 3 corresponds to 3 points, and a morphology grade of level 4 corresponds to 2 points. A surface quality level score of 8 to 10 is excellent, a surface quality level score of 6 to 7 is good, a surface quality level score of 4 to 5 is medium, and a surface quality level score of 2 to 3 is poor. For example, if the density characterization parameter 1.6 corresponds to 5 points and the morphology grade 1 corresponds to 5 points, the surface quality level score is 10 points, which is judged as an excellent surface quality level.

[0030] The surface quality distribution of the complete coating area is determined to obtain the first coating surface quality result. The proportion and location distribution of different surface quality levels within the complete coating area are statistically analyzed. For example, excellent level accounts for 60%, good level 30%, medium level 10%, and there is no poor level. The overall quality level is judged by the proportion. If the proportion of high-level levels exceeds 70%, it is judged as overall excellent. If the proportion of medium and lower levels exceeds 30%, it is judged as having local weak points. Simultaneously, the concentrated areas of each level are marked. The concentrated areas of excellent level are marked as stable bearing areas, and the concentrated areas of medium and lower levels are marked as potential risk areas. Finally, the first coating surface quality result, which includes overall quality evaluation and distribution characteristics, is formed.

[0031] Load and friction parameters are extracted from the operating condition information set. Loads are categorized into light, medium, and heavy loads, and friction speeds into low, medium, and high speeds. These are combined to form operating condition intensity levels; for example, heavy load and high speed correspond to high-intensity operating conditions, and light load and low speed correspond to low-intensity operating conditions. The operating condition intensity level is then matched with the surface quality results of the first coating. If a high-intensity operating condition acts on a medium or lower surface quality level area, it is marked as a high-risk surface quality level. If a medium- or low-intensity operating condition acts on an excellent or good level area, it is marked as a low-risk or risk-free level. If a certain area has a medium surface quality and the corresponding operating condition is heavy load and high speed, that area is determined to be a high-risk surface quality level, indicating that performance degradation is likely to occur under the current operating conditions.

[0032] To determine the coupling response relationship between high-risk layers and operating conditions, the stress transmission path of the coating is traced. Lubrication state data includes lubricant type, oil temperature, and oil depletion level. The worse the lubrication effect, the stronger the coupling response. For example, oil depletion accelerates wear and amplifies the degradation rate of high-risk layers. First, a coupling response model of lubrication state, operating condition intensity, and surface quality is established to analyze the friction coefficient and stress variation of high-risk layers under different lubrication states, clarifying the amplification or weakening effect of lubrication state on the matching relationship between operating conditions and surface quality. Then, the stress transmission path is traced. Stress originates from surface protrusions or weak points in high-risk layers and is transmitted along the coating interior towards the substrate, while simultaneously diffusing to the surrounding intact areas. For example, when there are large roughness protrusions in high-risk layers, the contact stress generated by friction will concentrate at these protrusions and then be transmitted to pores or defects inside the coating, forming a clear stress transmission path.

[0033] A stress attenuation benchmark is established and the performance degradation trend is quantified to obtain a condition assessment result set. The stress attenuation benchmark is the attenuation law of stress amplitude with distance as it propagates along the transmission path. The stress attenuation rate = (initial stress value - post-propagation stress value) / initial stress value × 100%. The initial stress value is the surface contact stress of the high-risk layer, and the post-propagation stress value is the stress value transmitted to the interior or surrounding areas of the coating. The performance degradation trend is quantified based on the correlation of the stress attenuation benchmark. The higher the correlation, the smoother the stress transmission and the more obvious the coating performance degradation. For example, a stress attenuation rate of less than 20% indicates smooth stress transmission and a significant performance degradation trend; a stress attenuation rate of more than 50% indicates obstructed stress transmission and a gradual degradation trend. The stress attenuation rate and performance degradation trend data of each high-risk area are integrated to form a condition assessment result set.

[0034] Based on the friction direction of the working condition information set, a first intercepted area is defined in the local damage area. Based on the working condition information set and the condition judgment result set, the bonding force attenuation amount of the first intercepted area is determined to obtain a first attenuation amount result set, which specifically includes the following steps: Based on the friction direction of the working condition information set, the main force path of friction in the local damaged area is determined, and the main force path is extended to both sides to the edge of the local damaged area and determined as the first interception area. Based on the friction, load, lubrication status of the working condition information set and the coating performance degradation trend of the condition judgment result set, the first intercepted area is processed into layers to obtain the detection layer. Collect basic data on the bonding force of the detection layer, and obtain the first attenuation result set based on the coating surface quality assessment results of the bonding force basic data and condition judgment result set; First, locate the main force path of friction within the locally damaged area. The friction direction is the direction of relative movement between the coating and the mating part. The main force path is the core channel through which frictional stress is concentrated and transmitted within the damaged area, typically running along the friction direction through the geometric center of the damaged area to ensure coverage of the critical stress transmission path. Then, extend the main force path to both sides until it covers the entire edge of the locally damaged area, thus forming the first intercepting area. Ensure the detection range completely encompasses the core force area of ​​friction, avoiding omissions of critical stress transmission paths. If the locally damaged area is a long strip extending along the friction direction, the main force path is the central axis of this area, extending to both sides to the upper and lower edges of the area to form the first intercepting area, which can completely include all areas within the damaged area directly affected by frictional stress.

[0035] The first segmented region is layered to obtain the detection layer. Layering is performed by combining the friction load and lubrication status from the operating condition information set with the coating performance degradation trend from the condition judgment result set. Friction parameters determine the surface stress distribution gradient, load parameters determine the stress amplitude, lubrication status affects the friction coefficient and stress transmission efficiency, and the performance degradation trend reflects the difference in the degree of deterioration at different depths of the coating. The layering logic is based on stress transmission and performance degradation, dividing the first segmented region along the coating thickness direction into multiple detection layers. Each detection layer corresponds to a specific stress depth and performance degradation stage. Under heavy-load, high-speed, low-oil operating conditions, if the condition judgment result set shows significant performance degradation from the coating surface to a depth of 1 micrometer, gradual degradation from 1 to 2 micrometers, and severe degradation from 2 micrometers to the substrate interface, then the first segmented region is divided into detection layers of 1 micrometer surface layer, 1 micrometer intermediate layer, and 0.5 micrometer interface layer to match the performance change characteristics at different depths.

[0036] Adhesion force data is collected, and a first attenuation result set is generated. First, basic adhesion force data is collected for each test layer. This can be achieved through scratch testing or pull-out testing to obtain the critical load or adhesion strength values ​​for each test layer. Then, the adhesion attenuation is calculated based on the coating surface quality assessment results in the adhesion condition judgment result set, quantifying the performance degradation degree of locally damaged areas. Adhesion force attenuation = Initial adhesion force - Current test layer adhesion force, where the initial adhesion force is the average adhesion force of the intact coating area, representing the baseline adhesion strength when the coating is not degraded. For a more intuitive representation of the attenuation ratio, the adhesion force attenuation rate = (Initial adhesion force - Current test layer adhesion force) / Initial adhesion force × 100%. For example, if the initial adhesion force of the intact coating is 50 N, and the adhesion force of a certain test layer is 35 N, then the adhesion force attenuation = 50 - 35 = 15 N, and the adhesion force attenuation rate = 15 / 50 × 100% = 30%. The bonding force attenuation amount and attenuation rate of each detection layer are integrated with the corresponding surface quality assessment results to form the first attenuation result set. This result set comprehensively reflects the bonding force attenuation law of the local damaged area along the main force path and thickness direction.

[0037] Based on the first attenuation result set, the complete coating feature information set, and the first coating surface quality result, the stable load-bearing capacity of the complete coating region is determined to obtain the first load-bearing capacity result set, which specifically includes the following steps: Based on the surface quality results of the first coating, an effective load-bearing area is obtained where the surface is free of protrusions and microcracks and the roughness is within a preset range. Based on the bonding force attenuation data corresponding to the effective bearing area, and the number and distribution density of pores in the complete coating feature information set, the stable bearing value of the effective bearing area is obtained. The first load-bearing capacity result is obtained based on the first attenuation result set, the stable load-bearing value of the effective load-bearing area, and the coating uniformity data of the complete coating feature information set.

[0038] Based on the surface quality results of the first coating, areas within the complete coating region that meet the criteria of being free of protrusions and microcracks and having a roughness within a preset range are selected and marked as effective load-bearing areas. Surface protrusions cause localized stress concentration, thus becoming weak points in load transmission. Microcracks are potential causes of coating failure, rapidly expanding under load and leading to coating damage. Roughness exceeding the preset range will disrupt the lubrication state and contact stability between friction pairs, exacerbating wear and stress concentration. Therefore, areas meeting these three conditions can stably transmit loads during service, avoiding performance degradation caused by local defects. If the preset roughness range is 0.02 to 0.05 micrometers, and a complete coating region is found to have 15% surface protrusions, 10% microcracks, and 5% roughness exceeding 0.05 micrometers, with the remaining 70% meeting all conditions, then this 70% area is considered an effective load-bearing area.

[0039] This method integrates the bonding strength attenuation data corresponding to the effective load-bearing area and the pore quantity and distribution density of the complete coating feature information set. The bonding strength attenuation data comes from the first attenuation result set and reflects the degree of degradation of the coating-substrate bonding strength within the effective load-bearing area. The higher the degree of degradation, the weaker the coating's ability to resist load peeling. The pore quantity and distribution density reflect the compactness defects inside the coating. The more numerous and concentrated the pores, the worse the coating's load-bearing capacity, and the easier it is for stress to concentrate at the pores and cause crack propagation. Stable load-bearing value = initial bonding strength - bonding strength attenuation × (1 + pore quantity × distribution density × correction coefficient), where the initial bonding strength is the baseline bonding strength when the complete coating has not deteriorated, and the correction coefficient is used to balance the influence weight of pore quantity and distribution density, usually taken as 0.01. Data with dimensions in the formula are normalized.

[0040] The coating uniformity data integrates the first attenuation result set, the stable load-bearing values ​​of the effective load-bearing area, and the complete coating characteristic information set. The first attenuation result set reflects the impact of local damage areas on the overall adhesion of the complete coating; the higher the average attenuation rate, the more significant the weakening of the performance of the complete coating by local damage. The sum of the stable load-bearing values ​​of the effective load-bearing area represents the load-bearing potential for stable operation in the complete coating. The coating uniformity data reflects the deviation in coating thickness distribution; the smaller the uniformity deviation, the more uniform the load transfer within the coating, and the higher the overall load-bearing stability. The first load-bearing result = Σ stable load-bearing value of each effective sub-region × (1 - average attenuation rate of the first attenuation result set) × (1 - coating uniformity deviation). For example, if the effective load-bearing area contains two sub-regions with stable load-bearing values ​​of 44.925 N and 46.2 N respectively, totaling 91.125 N; the average attenuation rate of the first attenuation result set is 30%; and the coating uniformity deviation is 5%, substituting these values ​​into the formula yields the first load-bearing result = 91.125 × (1 - 0.3) × (1 - 0.05) = 60.504375 N. This value represents the first load-bearing result for the complete coating area, comprehensively reflecting the actual stable load-bearing capacity of the complete coating after considering the effects of local damage, internal porosity defects, and thickness uniformity.

[0041] The second attenuation result set and the second load-bearing result set are obtained by processing and analyzing the data corresponding to the peeled coating set and the working condition information set. The specific steps include: Based on the exposure status and oxidation degree of the coating substrate of the peeled coating set, a peeling feature information set is obtained. Based on the peeling feature information set, the surface quality of the peeled area is judged to obtain the surface quality judgment result of the peeled coating. The positional relationship between the local damaged area and the spalling area is determined based on the friction direction of the working condition information set to obtain the positional judgment result; the second interception area is obtained by defining the spalling area based on the friction direction. Based on the positional judgment result, the second intercepted region, and the surface quality judgment result, the bonding force attenuation of the second intercepted region is determined to obtain the second attenuation result set. Based on the second attenuation result set, the stable bearing capacity of the corresponding region is determined to obtain the second bearing capacity result set.

[0042] Based on the set of peeled coatings, the exposure status and oxidation degree of the coating substrate are extracted to form a set of peeling feature information. The exposure status of the coating substrate reflects the area ratio and exposure depth of the peeled area. The larger the exposed area and the deeper the exposure, the more severe the coating failure. The oxidation degree reflects the degree of oxidation reaction between the substrate material and the environment after exposure. The higher the oxidation degree, the more deteriorated the bonding interface performance between the substrate and the remaining coating. The surface quality of the peeled area is judged based on the set of peeling feature information. The peeled surface quality score = 1 - substrate exposed area ratio × oxidation degree score. The oxidation degree score is assigned according to the oxide layer thickness or the proportion of oxidation products, ranging from 0 to 1. The higher the score, the more severe the oxidation. For example, if the substrate exposed area ratio of a certain peeled area is 30% and the oxidation degree score is 0.4, the peeled surface quality score is 1 - 0.3 × 0.4 = 0.88. The closer the score is to 1, the better the surface quality of the peeled area and the more stable the bonding performance between the remaining coating and the substrate. Finally, the scores of each area are summarized to form the peeled coating surface quality judgment result.

[0043] Based on the friction direction of the working condition information set, the positional relationship between the local damaged area and the peeling area is determined, thus obtaining the positional judgment result. The friction direction is the direction of relative movement between the coating and the mating part. The positional judgment result is used to clarify the order of the local damaged area and the peeling area in the friction path. If the local damaged area is located upstream of the peeling area, it means that the stress generated in the damaged area is first transmitted to the peeling area, aggravating its failure process; if it is located downstream, the peeling area is the stress source of the damaged area. Subsequently, based on the friction direction, a second interception area is defined in the peeling area. The interception logic is the same as that of the first interception area. The main force path in the peeling area is located along the friction direction and extended to both sides to the edge of the peeling area, thus forming a second interception area that completely covers the core transmission range of friction stress. This ensures that the subsequent detection range matches the stress characteristics of the peeling area. If the peeling area is located downstream of the local damaged area, the main force path runs through the center of the peeling area along the friction direction and extends to both sides to the edge of the area to form a second interception area, thus completely including all the range in the peeling area affected by the stress transmission from the upstream damaged area.

[0044] The bonding force attenuation in the second segmented area is determined by integrating the positional judgment results and the surface quality judgment results of the peeled coating. The positional judgment results are used to correct the influence weight of bonding force attenuation. If the peeled area is located downstream of the friction, the stress transmission influence of the upstream damaged area needs to be superimposed, and the attenuation weight is increased accordingly; if it is located upstream, only the influence of its own failure is considered. The second segmented area is the core detection range, and bonding force data needs to be collected layer by layer along the thickness direction. The degree of attenuation is quantified by combining the surface quality judgment results of the peeled coating. Bonding force attenuation = initial bonding force - current bonding force × peeled surface quality score × positional influence coefficient. The positional influence coefficient is assigned according to the positional judgment results. The positional influence coefficient for the downstream area is 1.2, and the positional influence coefficient for the upstream area is 1.0. The current bonding force is the measured bonding strength in the second segmented area. The upstream area refers to the area at the front end along the frictional movement direction during the frictional contact of the bearing coating, which is the first to contact the mating part and bear the initial frictional load and contact stress. The downstream area refers to the area at the rear end along the frictional movement direction during the frictional contact of the bearing coating, which is the last to contact the mating part. For example, if the initial bonding force is 50 N, the current bonding force is 25 N, the surface quality score of the peeled area is 0.88, and the order influence coefficient is 1.2, substituting these values ​​into the formula, we get the bonding force attenuation amount = 50 - 25 × 0.88 × 1.2 = 23.6 N. The bonding force attenuation amounts of each layer are summarized to form the second attenuation result set, which comprehensively reflects the bonding force deterioration law of the peeled area along the thickness direction and the force path.

[0045] Based on the second attenuation result set, the stable load-bearing capacity of the corresponding area is determined. Stable load-bearing capacity = initial load-bearing capacity × (1 - adhesion attenuation rate), where the initial load-bearing capacity is the reference load-bearing capacity of the complete coating area, and the adhesion attenuation rate = adhesion attenuation / initial adhesion × 100%. For example, if the initial load-bearing capacity is 1000 N, the adhesion attenuation is 23.6 N, and the initial adhesion is 50 N, the adhesion attenuation rate = 23.6 / 50 × 100% = 47.2%. Substituting these values ​​into the formula, we get the stable load-bearing capacity = 1000 × (1 - 0.472) = 528 N. The stable load-bearing capacities of each area are summarized to form the second load-bearing capacity result set, which comprehensively reflects the remaining stable load-bearing capacity of the peeling area after considering its own failure and location influence.

[0046] The data corresponding to the local damage set are processed and analyzed to obtain the third attenuation result set and the third bearing capacity result set. The specific steps include: The damaged coating feature information set is obtained based on the damaged area, crack direction and depth of the local damaged set. The surface quality of the local damaged area is judged based on the damaged coating feature information set to obtain the surface quality result of the second coating. The third interception region is determined based on the occlusion area of ​​the locally damaged coating set and the locally damaged area; specifically, the following steps are included: Directional stress is applied to the third intercept region to ensure that the stress is uniformly transmitted along the interface between the coating and the substrate. The initial bonding strength of the coating interface is determined by the interface response state during the stress transmission process. Collect the deformation displacement caused by stress; The attenuation range of coating adhesion is determined based on the change range of deformation displacement, and the third attenuation result set is obtained based on the applied stress and attenuation range of the third intercepted region. Based on the third attenuation result set, locate the weak areas where the bonding force attenuation is reduced; Apply progressively increasing radial loads to the peeling area. When the coating interface remains stable and no further peeling occurs, the applied radial loads are marked as the third load-bearing result set.

[0047] The damaged area, crack direction, and depth are extracted to form a set of characteristic information for the damaged coating. The damaged area reflects the coverage of local failure; a larger area indicates a more significant weakening of the coating's load-bearing capacity. The crack direction determines the direction of stress concentration diffusion; if the crack extends along the friction direction, it exacerbates the instability of load transfer. The crack depth reflects the degree of penetration of the damage into the coating interior and even the substrate; a deeper depth indicates more severe damage to the interfacial bonding performance. Based on the set of characteristic information for the damaged coating, the surface quality of the locally damaged area is judged. The second coating surface quality score = 1 - damaged area ratio × crack depth coefficient × crack direction influence factor. The crack depth coefficient is assigned based on the ratio of crack depth to total coating thickness; a larger ratio results in a higher coefficient. The crack direction influence factor is assigned based on the angle between the crack and the friction direction; a smaller angle indicates more severe stress diffusion and a higher factor. For example, if a certain local damaged area accounts for 20% of the damaged area, the crack depth is 50% of the coating thickness, the corresponding depth coefficient is 0.5, the angle between the crack and the friction direction is 30 degrees, and the corresponding influence factor is 1.2, substituting into the formula, we get the second coating surface quality score = 1 - 0.2 × 0.5 × 1.2 = 1 - 0.12 = 0.88. The closer the score is to 1, the better the surface quality of the local damaged area, and the more stable the bonding performance between the remaining coating and the substrate. Finally, the scores of each area are summarized to form the second coating surface quality result.

[0048] The detection range is defined based on the occlusion area of ​​the locally damaged coating set and the locally damaged area. The occlusion area refers to the coverage or occlusion range of the damaged area by the surrounding intact coating. The larger the occlusion area, the stronger the constraint of the damaged area on the surrounding intact coating, and the more complex the stress transmission path. Taking the locally damaged area as the core, and combining the boundary range of the occlusion area, the range including the damaged core area and the surrounding constraint area is defined as the third interception area, ensuring that the subsequent detection range can completely cover the stress and constraint characteristics of the damaged area. If the locally damaged area is a circular area with a diameter of 2 mm, and the occlusion range of the surrounding intact coating is a ring-shaped area extending 1 mm outward from the edge of the damaged area, then the third interception area is a circular area with a diameter of 4 mm, thus completely enclosing the damaged core and the surrounding constraint part.

[0049] First, directional stress is applied to the third selected area to ensure uniform stress transmission along the coating-substrate interface. The initial bonding strength of the coating interface is determined by the interface response state during stress transmission. The initial bonding strength represents the interface bonding baseline value before damage, and is calculated as: Initial Bond Strength = Directional Stress / Initial Interface Displacement. Deformation displacement caused by stress is collected, reflecting the degree of interface deformation under stress. The deformation displacement in the damaged area is significantly greater than that in the intact coating area, indicating a deterioration in bonding strength. The attenuation range of the coating bonding strength is determined based on the change in deformation displacement, calculated as: Attenuation Range = (Deformation Displacement in Damaged Area - Deformation Displacement in Intact Area) / Deformation Displacement in Intact Area × 100%. The third attenuation result set is obtained based on the applied stress and attenuation range in the third selected area, i.e., Attenuation Range of Bonding Strength = Applied Stress × Attenuation Range of Bonding Strength. For example, if the directional stress is 100 N, the deformation displacement of the intact area is 0.01 mm, and the deformation displacement of the damaged area is 0.03 mm, the bonding force attenuation range is (0.03-0.01) / 0.01×100%=200%, and the bonding force attenuation amount is 100×2=200 N. The bonding force attenuation amounts of each sub-region are summarized to form the third attenuation result set, which comprehensively reflects the bonding force deterioration law of the local damaged area.

[0050] Based on the comparison of the bonding force attenuation values ​​of each sub-region using the third attenuation result set, the sub-region with the largest attenuation is the weakest region in terms of bonding force attenuation, and this region is the focus of load-bearing capacity analysis and failure prevention. If the third intercepted region contains three sub-regions with bonding force attenuation values ​​of 150 N, 200 N, and 180 N respectively, then the sub-region with an attenuation value of 200 N is identified as the weakest region, indicating that the interfacial bonding performance in this region is most severely damaged.

[0051] A progressively increasing radial load is applied to the spalled area, gradually increasing the load amplitude while monitoring the stability of the coating interface. When the interface remains stable and no further peeling occurs, the applied radial load is marked as the third load-bearing capacity result set. The ultimate stable load-bearing capacity of the spalled area under the current state of weakened adhesion is determined. This value represents the maximum load the coating can still withstand under the combined effects of localized damage and spalling. For example, if a progressively increasing radial load is applied to the spalled area, and the interface begins to peel continuously when the load increases to 600 N, while remaining stable at 550 N, then 550 N is the third load-bearing capacity result for that area. The ultimate stable load-bearing capacity values ​​of each area are summarized to form the third load-bearing capacity result set, comprehensively reflecting the remaining stable load-bearing capacity of the locally damaged and spalled areas.

[0052] The bearing coating failure evaluation results are output based on the coating load condition result set and the coating performance degradation result set, specifically including the following steps: The actual load-bearing capacity is determined based on the coating load-bearing condition result set, and the distribution of areas with abnormal load-bearing capacity is distinguished based on the actual load-bearing capacity. Based on the coating performance degradation result set, determine the degree of performance degradation in areas with abnormal load-bearing capacity and clarify the correlation between the degree of performance degradation and abnormal load-bearing capacity; The bearing coating failure evaluation results are output based on the distribution and correlation.

[0053] Based on the coating load-bearing condition result set, the overall actual load-bearing capacity of the bearing coating is quantitatively evaluated. The coating load-bearing condition result set reflects the true load-bearing potential of each area of ​​the coating. Actual load-bearing capacity deviation rate = Actual load-bearing value - Load-bearing reference value / Load-bearing reference value × 100%. The distribution of abnormal load-bearing capacity areas is distinguished according to the numerical distribution of the deviation rate, that is, areas with deviation rates exceeding the preset threshold are screened out, and it is determined whether these abnormal areas are located in the raceway area or the rolling element area of ​​the bearing, and whether they are distributed in a point-like or band-like manner. If the load-bearing reference value of the complete coating area is 1000 N, and the actual load-bearing value of a locally damaged area is 600 N, the deviation rate = 600 - 1000 / 1000 × 100% = -40%. If the preset abnormal threshold is 20%, then this area is an abnormal load-bearing capacity area, and the distribution analysis shows that it is located downstream of the friction of the outer ring raceway of the bearing, and the distribution pattern is an irregular patchy shape.

[0054] The performance degradation of areas under abnormal load-bearing conditions is assessed by combining the coating performance degradation status result set. The coating performance degradation status result set reflects the degree of deterioration of the coating adhesion. By comparing the degradation value of the abnormal area with that of the normal area, the performance degradation degree of the abnormal area is quantified. Performance degradation degree = degradation amount of abnormal area - average degradation amount of normal area / average degradation amount of normal area × 100%.

[0055] Clarify the correlation between the degree of performance degradation and load-bearing anomalies. First, extract performance degradation data from the abnormal load-bearing area and the normal area to calculate the quantitative difference in the degree of performance degradation, thereby determining the intensity of the degradation's impact on load-bearing capacity. If the performance degradation in the abnormal load-bearing area is significantly higher than that in the normal area, and the difference exceeds a preset threshold, then performance degradation is preliminarily determined to be the main cause of the load-bearing anomaly. If the performance degradation in the abnormal load-bearing area is close to or even lower than that in the normal area, it is necessary to investigate whether external factors such as load concentration or lubrication failure indirectly cause the load-bearing anomaly, thereby exacerbating the performance degradation.

[0056] The causal path is analyzed by combining the location of the area and the characteristics of the working conditions to make a judgment. For example, if the abnormal load-bearing area is located upstream of the friction, and the performance degradation is high, it indicates that the deterioration of the coating's own adhesion first causes insufficient load-bearing capacity, which then expands the damage under continuous load. If the abnormal load-bearing area is located downstream of the friction, and the performance degradation decreases with the increase of distance from the upstream damaged area, then it is determined that the stress transmission caused by the upstream damage is the common cause of performance degradation and abnormal load-bearing capacity, forming a chain relationship of upstream damage, stress transmission, downstream performance degradation, and downstream abnormal load-bearing capacity.

[0057] The correlation coefficient is calculated as the absolute value of the load-bearing deviation rate divided by the degree of performance degradation. The closer this value is to 1, the stronger the direct causal relationship between performance degradation and load-bearing anomaly. A value much less than 1 indicates the presence of other intermediate factors. For example, if the load-bearing deviation rate in a certain load-bearing anomaly area is -40% and the performance degradation degree is 150%, the correlation coefficient is 0.4 / 1.5 ≈ 0.27, indicating that performance degradation is not the direct cause of the load-bearing anomaly, and further investigation of external factors such as poor lubrication is needed. If the load-bearing deviation rate is -40% and the performance degradation degree is 40%, the correlation coefficient is 0.4 / 0.4 = 1, then it can be clearly established that performance degradation and load-bearing anomaly have a direct causal relationship, meaning that the decrease in coating adhesion directly leads to a reduction in load-bearing capacity.

[0058] The failure evaluation results are output based on the distribution and correlation. The bearing coating failure evaluation results are output by comprehensively considering the distribution and correlation, and taking into account the actual service conditions of the bearing. The bearing coating failure evaluation results need to clearly identify the type and severity of the failure, such as whether it is peeling caused by adhesive wear, local damage caused by micropitting, or low overall load capacity due to insufficient coating uniformity; the severity of the failure includes mild failure affecting only local life, moderate failure requiring timely maintenance, and severe failure leading to loss of bearing function; the cause and propagation path of the failure must be clearly identified. Based on the distribution, the abnormal area is concentrated downstream of the friction zone and exhibits a banded distribution. Based on the correlation, it is known that fatigue peeling is caused by the continuous action of stress waves generated in the upstream damaged area. The comprehensive assessment determines that the failure evaluation result of this bearing coating is moderate fatigue peeling failure. The cause of the failure is directly related to the stress transmission in the local damaged area, requiring local repair of the coating and optimization of the lubrication conditions in the upstream area.

[0059] A bearing coating performance testing system, comprising: Extraction module: Extracts complete coating sets, partially damaged coating sets, and peeling coating sets based on the coating integrity, damage condition, and peeling condition of the target bearing; The first processing module obtains a set of working condition information based on the friction speed, load magnitude, and lubrication status of the complete coating set, the partially damaged coating set, and the peeling coating set; The second processing module processes and analyzes the data corresponding to the complete coating set and the working condition information set to obtain the first attenuation result set and the first load-bearing result set. The third processing module: processes and analyzes the data corresponding to the peeled coating set and the working condition information set to obtain the second attenuation result set and the second load-bearing result set; Analysis module: Processes and analyzes the data corresponding to the local damage set to obtain the third attenuation result set and the third bearing capacity result set; The combination module combines the first load-bearing capacity result set, the second load-bearing capacity result set, and the third load-bearing capacity result set to form a coating load-bearing status result set; and combines the first attenuation result set, the second attenuation result set, and the third attenuation result set to form a coating performance attenuation status result set. Output module: Outputs bearing coating failure evaluation results based on the coating load condition result set and the coating performance degradation result set.

[0060] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0061] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0062] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for testing the performance of bearing coatings, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: The complete coating set, the partially damaged coating set, and the peeling coating set are extracted based on the coating integrity, damage condition, and peeling condition of the target bearing. The working condition information set is obtained based on the friction speed, load magnitude, and lubrication status of the complete coating set, the partially damaged coating set, and the peeling coating set; The data corresponding to the complete coating set and the working condition information set are processed and analyzed to obtain the first attenuation result set and the first load-bearing result set; The second attenuation result set and the second load-bearing result set are obtained by processing and analyzing the data corresponding to the peeled coating set and the working condition information set. The data corresponding to the local damage set are processed and analyzed to obtain the third attenuation result set and the third bearing capacity result set; The first load-bearing capacity result set, the second load-bearing capacity result set, and the third load-bearing capacity result set are combined to form a coating load-bearing status result set; the first attenuation result set, the second attenuation result set, and the third attenuation result set are combined to form a coating performance attenuation status result set; The bearing coating failure evaluation results are output based on the coating load condition result set and the coating performance degradation result set.

2. The method for testing the performance of bearing coatings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The complete coating set data and the working condition information set are processed and analyzed to obtain the first attenuation result set and the first load-bearing result set. The specific steps include: The first coating feature information is obtained based on the coverage thickness, roughness, and uniformity of the complete coating set, and the second coating feature information is obtained based on the defects, number of pores, and distribution of the complete coating set. The first coating feature information and the second coating feature information are combined into a complete coating feature information set; The surface quality of the complete coating area is judged based on the complete coating feature information set to obtain the first coating surface quality result; the coating performance degradation is judged based on the working condition information set and the first coating surface quality result to obtain the condition judgment result set. The first cut-off area is defined in the local damage area based on the friction direction of the working condition information set. The amount of bonding force attenuation in the first cut-off area is determined based on the working condition information set and the condition judgment result set to obtain the first attenuation result set. Based on the first attenuation result set, the complete coating feature information set, and the first coating surface quality result, the stable load-bearing capacity of the complete coating area is determined to obtain the first load-bearing capacity result set.

3. The method for testing the performance of bearing coatings according to claim 2, characterized in that, The surface quality result of the first coating is obtained by judging the surface quality of the complete coating area based on the complete coating feature information set; Based on the working condition information set and the surface quality results of the first coating, the coating performance degradation status is determined to obtain a status judgment result set, which specifically includes the following steps: The overall density characterization parameters of the coating are obtained based on the coating coverage thickness and coating uniformity of the complete coating feature information set, and the surface micromorphology grade standard is obtained based on the coating surface roughness data. The surface quality level of the complete coating area is obtained based on the overall density characterization parameters of the coating and the surface micromorphology grade standard. The surface quality result of the first coating is obtained by determining the surface quality distribution of the complete coating area based on the surface quality level. The risk surface quality level is obtained by matching the load and friction based on the working condition information set with the surface quality of the first coating. Determine the coupling response relationship between high-risk levels and operating conditions based on lubrication status data, and trace the coating stress transmission path of the coupling response relationship; The stress attenuation benchmark is established based on the stress transmission path of the coating, and the performance attenuation trend is quantified based on the correlation of the stress attenuation benchmark to obtain the condition judgment result set.

4. The method for testing the performance of a bearing coating according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the friction direction of the working condition information set, a first intercepted area is defined in the local damage area. Based on the working condition information set and the condition judgment result set, the bonding force attenuation of the first intercepted area is determined to obtain a first attenuation result set, which specifically includes the following steps: Based on the friction direction of the working condition information set, the main force path of friction in the local damaged area is determined, and the main force path is extended to both sides to the edge of the local damaged area and determined as the first interception area. Based on the friction, load, lubrication status of the working condition information set and the coating performance degradation trend of the condition judgment result set, the first intercepted area is processed into layers to obtain the detection layer. Collect basic data on the bonding force of the detection layer, and obtain the first attenuation result set based on the coating surface quality assessment results of the coating surface quality assessment results set and the bonding force basic data and condition judgment result set.

5. The method for testing the performance of a bearing coating according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the first attenuation result set, the complete coating feature information set, and the first coating surface quality result, the stable load-bearing capacity of the complete coating region is determined to obtain the first load-bearing capacity result set, which specifically includes the following steps: Based on the surface quality results of the first coating, an effective load-bearing area is obtained where the surface is free of protrusions and microcracks and the roughness is within a preset range. Based on the bonding force attenuation data corresponding to the effective bearing area, and the number and distribution density of pores in the complete coating feature information set, the stable bearing value of the effective bearing area is obtained. The first load-bearing capacity result set is obtained based on the first attenuation result set, the stable load-bearing value of the effective load-bearing area, and the coating uniformity data of the complete coating feature information set.

6. The method for testing the performance of a bearing coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second attenuation result set and the second load-bearing result set are obtained by processing and analyzing the data corresponding to the peeled coating set and the working condition information set. The specific steps include: Based on the exposure status and oxidation degree of the coating substrate of the peeled coating set, a peeling feature information set is obtained. Based on the peeling feature information set, the surface quality of the peeled area is judged to obtain the surface quality judgment result of the peeled coating. The positional relationship between the local damaged area and the spalling area is determined based on the friction direction of the working condition information set to obtain the positional judgment result; the second interception area is obtained by defining the spalling area based on the friction direction. Based on the positional judgment result, the second intercepted region, and the surface quality judgment result, the bonding force attenuation of the second intercepted region is determined to obtain the second attenuation result set. Based on the second attenuation result set, the stable bearing capacity of the corresponding region is determined to obtain the second bearing capacity result set.

7. The method for testing the performance of a bearing coating according to claim 6, characterized in that, The data corresponding to the local damage set are processed and analyzed to obtain the third attenuation result set and the third bearing capacity result set. The specific steps include: The damaged coating feature information set is obtained based on the damaged area, crack direction and depth of the local damaged set. The surface quality of the local damaged area is judged based on the damaged coating feature information set to obtain the surface quality result of the second coating. The third cut-off area is determined based on the occlusion area of ​​the locally damaged coating set and the locally damaged area; the bonding force attenuation of the third cut-off area is judged to obtain the third attenuation result set; and the stable bearing capacity of the peeling area is judged based on the third attenuation result set to obtain the third bearing capacity result set.

8. The method for testing the performance of a bearing coating according to claim 7, characterized in that, The process involves determining the attenuation of the bonding force in the third intercepted region to obtain a third attenuation result set, and then determining the stable bearing capacity of the spalling region based on this third attenuation result set to obtain a third bearing capacity result set. This process specifically includes the following steps: Directional stress is applied to the third intercept region to ensure that the stress is uniformly transmitted along the interface between the coating and the substrate. The initial bonding strength of the coating interface is determined by the interface response state during the stress transmission process. Collect the deformation displacement caused by stress; The attenuation range of coating adhesion is determined based on the change range of deformation displacement, and the third attenuation result set is obtained based on the applied stress and attenuation range of the third intercepted region. Based on the third attenuation result set, locate the weak areas where the bonding force attenuation is reduced; Apply progressively increasing radial loads to the peeling area. When the coating interface remains stable and no further peeling occurs, the applied radial loads are marked as the third load-bearing result set.

9. The method for testing the performance of a bearing coating according to claim 8, characterized in that, The bearing coating failure evaluation results are output based on the coating load condition result set and the coating performance degradation result set, specifically including the following steps: The actual load-bearing capacity is determined based on the coating load-bearing condition result set, and the distribution of areas with abnormal load-bearing capacity is distinguished based on the actual load-bearing capacity. Based on the coating performance degradation result set, determine the degree of performance degradation in areas with abnormal load-bearing capacity and clarify the correlation between the degree of performance degradation and abnormal load-bearing capacity; The bearing coating failure evaluation results are output based on the distribution and correlation.

10. A bearing coating performance testing system, applied to the bearing coating performance testing method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, include: Extraction module: Extracts complete coating sets, partially damaged coating sets, and peeling coating sets based on the coating integrity, damage condition, and peeling condition of the target bearing; The first processing module obtains a set of working condition information based on the friction speed, load magnitude, and lubrication status of the complete coating set, the partially damaged coating set, and the peeling coating set; The second processing module processes and analyzes the data corresponding to the complete coating set and the working condition information set to obtain the first attenuation result set and the first load-bearing result set. The third processing module: processes and analyzes the data corresponding to the peeled coating set and the working condition information set to obtain the second attenuation result set and the second load-bearing result set; Analysis module: Processes and analyzes the data corresponding to the local damage set to obtain the third attenuation result set and the third bearing capacity result set; The combination module combines the first load-bearing capacity result set, the second load-bearing capacity result set, and the third load-bearing capacity result set to form a coating load-bearing status result set; and combines the first attenuation result set, the second attenuation result set, and the third attenuation result set to form a coating performance attenuation status result set. Output module: Outputs bearing coating failure evaluation results based on the coating load condition result set and the coating performance degradation result set.

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