Magnetic levitation type electromagnetic-friction hybrid implanted power generation device

Abstract

The application discloses a magnetic suspension friction-electromagnetic hybrid type in-vivo implant power generation device, and belongs to the technical field of biomedical energy sources. The device is composed of a biocompatible shell, a magnetic suspension vibration subsystem, a coil and a friction nano power generation unit. The magnetic suspension vibration subsystem is composed of two same first magnets fixed on the upper and lower parts of the shell and a suspension vibrator in which a second magnet is embedded, and the vibrator is suspended by using magnetic repulsion. The device can passively collect mechanical energy generated by human body movement, and can be actively driven by an external variable magnetic field, so that the suspension vibrator moves, thereby exciting the friction power generation unit (a friction layer and an electrode layer) and the electromagnetic power generation unit (an induction coil and a moving magnet) to generate electric energy. The application combines the advantages of friction power generation and electromagnetic power generation, has the characteristics of high energy collection efficiency, good reliability, long service life and active energy supply, and effectively solves the problem of continuous power supply of implantable devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of implantable medical devices and micro-energy harvesting technology, specifically relating to a hybrid self-generating device based on electromagnetic induction and triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology, suitable for in vivo implantation environments, which may utilize mechanical energy within the biological body or external magnetic fields to power implantable medical electronic devices. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of microelectronics technology, implantable electronic medical devices (such as pacemakers, neurostimulators, and intelligent drug delivery systems) are playing an increasingly important role in disease treatment and health monitoring. However, the energy supply problem of these devices has always been a bottleneck restricting their long-term application. Currently, most implantable devices rely on built-in batteries for power, but these batteries have limited capacity and require replacement via invasive surgery after depletion. This not only causes physical pain and financial burden for patients but also carries risks such as surgical infection. In recent years, energy harvesting technology has received widespread attention as a promising new approach to achieving self-powered devices.

[0003] To extend device lifespan, researchers have explored various alternative energy solutions. Wireless energy transfer technologies (such as electromagnetic induction coupling and radio frequency transmission) allow energy to be transferred from outside the body to inside, but they suffer from problems such as rapid energy decay with tissue depth, low transmission efficiency, stringent requirements for coil alignment, and potential thermal effects due to tissue absorption of energy. Another promising direction is harvesting mechanical energy within the human body (such as heartbeat, muscle contraction, blood flow, and body movement). Existing implantable energy harvesters are mostly based on piezoelectric or electromagnetic principles, but piezoelectric materials are prone to fatigue fracture, while traditional electromagnetic generators have limited output under slight vibrations and are often subject to mechanical friction and wear, affecting their long-term reliability.

[0004] Currently, there is no hybrid micro-power generation device that effectively combines electromagnetic and triboelectric mechanisms to fully utilize mechanical energy within the body and is suitable for long-term implantation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a solution that can efficiently and reliably harvest multiple energy sources within the body and provide long-term, stable power to implantable devices. This solution should be able to effectively integrate electromagnetic and triboelectric mechanisms through ingenious structural design, under strict implantation space and biocompatibility constraints, thereby achieving efficient capture and conversion of various forms of mechanical energy within the body and providing a more stable and reliable energy supply for implantable medical electronic devices. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a magnetically levitated triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid implantable power generation device. This device combines the advantages of triboelectric nanogenerators and electromagnetic generators, and introduces magnetic levitation technology and external magnetic control drive to achieve efficient and active collection of mechanical energy from human movement and external magnetic field energy. It can simultaneously utilize electromagnetic induction and triboelectric effect to achieve efficient energy capture and conversion of external mechanical stimuli, and is suitable for long-term implantation in the heart, lungs, muscles, and other parts of the body, providing continuous power for next-generation implantable electronic devices.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a magnetically levitated electromagnetic-friction hybrid implanted power generation device, comprising a shell, a magnetically levitated vibration subsystem, a coil, and a triboelectric nanogenerator unit.

[0007] The outer shell is made of biocompatible material; the magnetic levitation vibratory subsystem consists of two identical first magnets fixed to the upper and lower parts of the outer shell and a levitation oscillator with an embedded second magnet, which is levitated by magnetic repulsion; a coil is fixedly installed around the second magnet; a triboelectric nanogenerator unit, which includes a contact material, a friction layer, an electrode layer and a support layer, respectively disposed on the back of the permanent magnet, including friction layers disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the levitation oscillator and friction layers disposed on the upper and lower inner walls of the outer shell.

[0008] When an external mechanical stimulus is applied to the shell, the suspended oscillator moves, cutting magnetic field lines and generating an induced current in the coil. At the same time, the vibration causes the contact material on its back to alternately contact and separate from the friction layer of the triboelectric nanogenerator unit, so that the triboelectric nanogenerator unit alternately generates triboelectric potential, realizing electromagnetic-triboelectric hybrid power generation.

[0009] This invention can be widely applied to parts of the body where mechanical vibrations occur, such as the heart wall, diaphragm, aorta, or skeletal muscle.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the suspended oscillator is a spherical, ellipsoidal, or cylindrical structure.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the permanent magnet is made of neodymium iron boron, samarium cobalt, or alnico permanent magnet materials.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the contact material is conductive silicone, metal foil, or polytetrafluoroethylene film.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, in the TENG structure, the friction layer is made of a polymer film of one of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, and polydimethylsiloxane; the electrode layer is formed by sputtering or vapor deposition of a conductive material of one of gold, platinum, and ITO; and the support layer is made of a flexible polymer insulating sheet of one of polyimide, PET, and PEN.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the coil is made of enameled wire, and its wire diameter and number of turns are matched according to the target output impedance and voltage.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, the outer shell is precision machined from medical-grade titanium alloy, ceramic, or PEEK material to form a completely sealed cavity.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment, the overall shape of the device is constructed as a flat cuboid, cylinder, or a custom shape adapted to the anatomical structure of a specific implantation site, in order to optimize space utilization and reduce mechanical stimulation of surrounding tissues.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, the significant advantages of this invention are: dual-mode hybrid power generation, wide bandwidth and high efficiency: It cleverly combines two mechanisms, triboelectric power generation (suitable for high-frequency micro-vibrations) and electromagnetic power generation (suitable for low-frequency large-amplitude movements), broadening the energy harvesting bandwidth and achieving efficient energy synergy harvesting under different motion conditions; magnetic levitation structure, high sensitivity and long lifespan: The use of contactless magnetic levitation support greatly reduces mechanical friction and wear, significantly improving the device's lifespan and making it extremely sensitive to weak physiological mechanical vibrations within the body (such as heartbeat and blood flow); internal and external dual drive, reliable energy: It can utilize the passive mechanical energy of natural human movement and also accept the active drive of external magnetic fields. This combination of "passive harvesting" and "active replenishment" ensures that the implanted device receives a continuous and reliable energy supply under various conditions; compact structure and biosafety: The entire device can be designed to the millimeter to centimeter level, suitable for implantation in various parts of the body. The outer shell is sealed with biocompatible materials, ensuring long-term safety of the implantation. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the magnetic levitation electromagnetic-friction hybrid implantable power generation device of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded disassembly structure of the magnetic levitation electromagnetic-friction hybrid implantable power generation device of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of magnetic field lines inside a power generation device when the permanent magnet is in an attracted state.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of magnetic field lines inside a power generation device when the permanent magnet is in a repelled state. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to those described below. Those skilled in the art can make various adjustments and modifications to the embodiments without altering the principles of the present invention, and these adjustments and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a magnetically levitated electromagnetic-friction hybrid implantable power generation device, mainly comprising a shell composed of a shell 1 and a shell 4, a second permanent magnet 2, and a coil 3. The shell is made of medical-grade titanium alloy through precision machining, and has a flat rectangular shape with a maximum diameter of no more than 20 mm and a height of 10-15 mm to adapt to the limited implantation space in the human body. The interior of the shell forms a completely sealed cavity to ensure that the device can work stably in the biological environment for a long time.

[0024] Taking the outer shell 1 as an example, the first permanent magnet 12 is fixed inside the cavity of the outer shell, and the upper triboelectric nano-power generation unit is composed of an upper triboelectric structure 13 and a triboelectric layer 22 on the upper surface of the second permanent magnet 2. The second permanent magnet 2 has triboelectric layers 22 and 23 attached to its upper and lower surfaces. Both the first permanent magnet 21 and the second permanent magnet 12 are neodymium iron boron N52 grade permanent magnets with dimensions of 1mm × 1mm × 0.5mm. The coil 3 is made of 800 turns of enameled copper wire with a diameter of 0.05mm and is fixed to the outer periphery of the second permanent magnet 2.

[0025] Taking the above triboelectric nanogenerator unit as an example, it includes a contact material 22 and a single-electrode TENG structure 13. The contact material 22 is a 0.1 mm thick conductive silicone sheet, which is attached to the top and bottom surfaces of the permanent magnet 21. The TENG structure 13 adopts a multilayer thin film structure, which includes, from the inside out: a triboelectric layer 132, which is a 50 μm thick polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film with an array of microstructures formed on its surface by nanoimprinting to enhance the triboelectric effect; an electrode layer 131, which is a 200 nm thick gold film deposited by sputtering; and a support layer 122, which is a 25 μm thick polyimide flexible substrate. The entire TENG structure 13 is integrated with the outer shell 11 and the first permanent magnet 12 using a medical-grade adhesive.

[0026] The working principle of this invention is as follows: When the device is implanted in the body (such as the epicardium), the mechanical vibration generated by the heartbeat is transmitted to the inside of the device through the outer shell, causing the suspended secondary body 2 to vibrate and reciprocate in the coil 3.

[0027] like Figure 3As shown, when the suspended second permanent magnet 2 approaches the first triboelectric nanogenerator unit 13 under the attraction of an external magnetic field, the magnetic field density increases, and the rate of change of magnetic flux through the coil increases. According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, a positive induced electromotive force is generated in the coil 3. At the same time, charge transfer occurs between the contact material 22 on the back of the permanent magnet 2 and the triboelectric layer in the TENG structure 13.

[0028] like Figure 4 As shown, under the repulsive state of the external magnetic field, when the suspended second permanent magnet 2 moves away from the first triboelectric nanogenerator unit 13, the rate of change of magnetic flux becomes negative, generating a reverse induced electromotive force in the coil 3. At the same time, the contact material 22 separates from the triboelectric layer in the TENG structure 132, and the static charge generated by the triboelectric effect forms a potential difference during the separation process.

[0029] The working process of the triboelectric nanogenerator unit in the suspended second permanent magnet 2 and the lower outer shell 4 is similar to that described above, but the movement phase is opposite to that of the upper outer shell 1, thereby realizing the alternating operation of the two sets of generator units and improving the efficiency and continuity of energy harvesting.

[0030] In another embodiment of the present invention, the friction layer 132 of the TENG structure may also be selected from fluoropolymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) to obtain a higher charge density.

[0031] The magnetic levitation electromagnetic-triboelectric hybrid implantable power generation device provided in this embodiment achieves the organic integration of electromagnetic power generation and triboelectric power generation through ingenious structural design, giving full play to the complementary advantages of the two power generation mechanisms. It can efficiently collect low-frequency mechanical energy in biological bodies, providing a safe, reliable, and long-term stable self-powering solution for implantable medical devices.

[0032] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Any other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention, as long as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A magnetically levitated electromagnetic-friction hybrid implantable power generation device, characterized in that, include: The outer shell, made of biocompatible materials, is designed for implantation into living organisms. The magnetic levitation vibrating subsystem includes two identical first magnets fixed to the upper and lower inner walls of the outer shell, and a second magnet suspended in the cavity inside the outer shell. The upper and lower first magnets and the second magnet generate magnetic repulsion, so that the levitation vibrator is in a suspended state in the cavity. The coil is fixedly installed around the second magnet; The triboelectric nanogenerator unit comprises a contact material, a friction layer, an electrode layer, and a support layer, respectively disposed on the back side of the permanent magnet. It includes friction layers disposed on the upper and lower surfaces of the levitated oscillator and on the upper and lower inner walls of the outer shell. This device can passively collect mechanical energy generated by human movement and can also be actively driven by an external variable magnetic field to move the levitated oscillator, cutting magnetic field lines to generate induced current in the coil. Simultaneously, the vibration causes the contact material on its back side to alternately contact and separate from the friction layers of the triboelectric nanogenerator unit, causing the unit to alternately generate triboelectric potential, thus achieving electromagnetic-triboelectric hybrid power generation.

2. The magnetic levitation electromagnetic-friction hybrid implantable power generation device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, This power generation device is suitable for implantation in biological environments that can receive external mechanical vibration stimuli, such as the heart wall, diaphragm, adjacent to aortas, or skeletal muscle.

3. The magnetic levitation type electromagnetic-friction hybrid implantable power generation device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The suspended oscillator is a spherical, ellipsoidal, or cylindrical structure.

4. The magnetic levitation type electromagnetic-friction hybrid implantable power generation device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The contact material is made of conductive material or polymer friction material.

5. The magnetic levitation type electromagnetic-friction hybrid implantable power generation device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The friction layer is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide or polydimethylsiloxane polymer film, the electrode layer is made of metal film or conductive fabric, and the support layer is made of flexible polymer insulating sheet.

6. The magnetic levitation electromagnetic-friction hybrid implantable power generation device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The induction coil is a planar coil or a three-dimensional wound coil.

7. The magnetic levitation type electromagnetic-friction hybrid implantable power generation device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The permanent magnet is made of neodymium iron boron, samarium cobalt, or aluminum nickel cobalt permanent magnet materials.

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