Shift drum mechanism, shift transmission having a shift drum mechanism and single-track vehicle having a shift transmission with the shift drum mechanism

Abstract

Shift drum mechanism for actuating a form-locking element for shifting gears in a shift transmission, having a shift shaft (1) which can be rotated about a shift axis (2) and having a shift drum (5) which is arranged concentrically to the shift axis, wherein the shift drum (5) has at least one shift groove (6, 7, 8) which extends at least partially therearound in a shift drum circumferential direction (9) and which is configured as a shift ramp which has at least partially a shift ramp inclination (31) which is configured for generating an axial shift movement in an axial direction (21) based on a rotational movement of the shift drum (5) about the shift axis (2), wherein a shift impact decoupling device (11) is arranged between the shift shaft (1) and the shift drum with respect to a torque transmission direction from the shift shaft (1) to the shift drum, and wherein the shift drum (5) and the shift shaft (1) are coupled to one another by means of the shift impact decoupling device (11) for transmitting torque.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a shift drum mechanism, a shift transmission having such a shift drum mechanism, and a single-track vehicle having such a shift transmission having the shift drum mechanism. A shift fork and shifting device for a gear-changing transmission are known from DE 10 2021 100 861 A1. Background Technology

[0002] The invention is described below with reference to a asynchronous, manually operated, and sequentially shifting motorcycle transmission; this should not be construed as limiting the invention to this application. In such a transmission with multiple gear stages with different gear ratios to achieve different transmission stages, or so-called gears, a shift shock can occur when shifting gears, i.e., when switching from one transmission stage to another. This shift shock is caused by the speed difference between the current gear and the gear to be engaged, which is present and necessary for rapid shifting. During the shift shock, a force arises that opposes the shifting motion, i.e., the movement of the operating mechanism for engaging the gear. These forces opposing the shifting operation are undesirable because they cause additional component stress and a loss of comfort. The cause of this undesirable reaction is the so-called shift pawl impact. In such an asynchronous transmission, shifting is performed by means of a form-locked shift element, a so-called pawl clutch disengaging (disengaging the previously engaged gear) and engaging (engaging the new gear). Here, the inclined edges of the pawls of the pawl clutch to be engaged can collide and generate pulses that are opposite to the operation (engagement) not only in terms of action but also in the direction of movement. The energy transmitted here depends particularly on the rigidity and inertia of the various components in the shifting operation, i.e., the components of the foot shift lever, transmission mechanism, shift drum, and shift fork used to engage the corresponding pawl clutch in the case of mechanical motorcycle transmission operation. Especially due to the dynamics in motorcycle transmissions, these reaction forces may exceed the operating force required to engage a gear and result in unacceptable stresses in the various components of the shifting device and transmission. This reaction can occur similarly not only during upshifting but also during downshifting. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In this context, the object of the present invention is to provide a shift drum mechanism that alleviates such forces for at least some components of a shifting device, or to provide a motorcycle transmission having such a shift drum mechanism, or to provide a single-track vehicle, particularly a motorcycle, having such a motorcycle transmission. These objects are achieved by a shift drum mechanism according to claim 1, a shift transmission according to claim 11, and a single-track vehicle according to claim 13.

[0004] In other words, the present invention specifically describes a technical measure that reduces the maximum height of the reaction force during gear engagement in asynchronous shifting transmissions. The invention is described herein independently of the operation of the shifting element in the shifting transmission; particularly in motorcycle transmissions, so-called shift forks are used to operate the shifting element for shifting gears. This shifting element is thus arranged on the transmission shaft and configured to establish a form-locking connection. Especially when manually operating a shifting transmission, this shift fork can be operated via the rider's foot—which applies the operating force to the foot shift lever—and also via the shift drum and another mechanism.

[0005] The invention can also be applied without regard to manipulation (manual or motorized) if the shifting force is applied by a motor, particularly electrically, pneumatically, hydraulically, or by means of a spring device.

[0006] In the context of this invention, a shift drum mechanism can be understood as a mechanism for actuating a locking element for shifting gears in a shift transmission. Furthermore, such a mechanism can be understood as a machine that transmits a predetermined shift command, preferably manually or preferably by a motor, for changing or engaging / disengaging gears in a shift transmission to the shift element. This shift drum mechanism has a rotatable shift shaft, which is rotatable about a shift axis or, in particular, an axis axially parallel to the shift axis, and in particular, the shift shaft has at least one or more support portions for rotatably supporting the shift shaft about such an axis. Geometrically, the shift axis can be understood as the longitudinal axis of the shift drum mechanism. In addition to the shift shaft, the shift drum mechanism also includes a transfer drum, which in a preferred embodiment of the invention can be configured as a shift drum. The transfer drum is arranged concentrically with the shift axis; however, if the transfer drum is not configured as a shift drum, the shift drum can also be rotatably supported about an axis axially parallel to the shift axis, which does not necessarily need to be concentric with the shift axis. The basic concept of this invention is that the shift shaft and the transfer drum are at least conditionally decoupled from each other. In this sense, decoupling can be understood as limiting the force when transmitting force from the shift shaft to the transfer drum, or vice versa.

[0007] If the transfer drum is not directly configured as a shift drum, it is arranged to transfer rotational motion applied to the shift shaft to the shift drum for shifting. Preferably, the transfer drum is mechanically coupled to the shift drum, more preferably kinetically coupled, and more preferably such coupling is achieved using a shaft, preferably a rod, and particularly preferably at least two gears. In particular, in embodiments where the transfer drum is configured as a shift drum, a particularly compact construction of the shift drum mechanism is achievable, and especially in embodiments where motion is transmitted from the shift shaft to the transfer drum and from there to the shift drum—which is specifically configured as a separate component relative to the transfer drum—geometric separation of the shift drum from the shift shaft is achievable. In one embodiment of the invention that achieves this separation of the shift drum from the shift shaft, the axis in which the shift drum is rotatably supported can be offset from the shift axis, allowing for flexible arrangement.

[0008] The mechanical principle of such a shift drum, particularly from motorcycle transmissions or sequentially shiftable transmissions, is known. The object of the present invention is the mechanical decoupling of such a shift drum. Specifically, to convert rotational motion into longitudinal motion, which is generally advantageous for operating shifting elements such as claw clutches or sliding gears, such a shift drum has at least one shift groove or a correspondingly shaped raised area. This shift groove or raised area extends at least partially around the shift drum in the circumferential direction and is thereby configured as a shift slide, which at least partially has a shift tilt portion. The shift groove or raised area is thus configured to generate an axial shifting motion based on the rotational motion of the shift drum about a corresponding axis, i.e., movement along the shift axis or along the rotational axis of the shift drum. A transmission element or such a shift fork engages in the shift groove to transmit the shifting motion to the shift fork.

[0009] In a first embodiment of the invention, the transfer drum is not configured as a shift drum, but is preferably directly or indirectly kinematically coupled to such a shift drum for transmitting motion. In this first embodiment, the transfer drum is kinematically coupled to the shift drum, wherein this coupling is preferably achieved by means of gears or preferably another suitable transmission mechanism, such as preferably at least one shaft or preferably a rod. In particular, in this first embodiment of the invention, the transfer drum is preferably permanently mechanically coupled to the shift drum and can be arranged geometrically away from the shift drum or independently of the position of the shift drum, and then the shift shock is decoupled between the shift shaft and the transfer drum by a shift shock decoupling device.

[0010] In a second embodiment of the invention, the transfer drum is configured as a transfer drum. In particular, this second embodiment enables the motion required for shifting to be directly transmitted from the shift shaft to the shift drum by means of a shift shock decoupling device.

[0011] According to the basic idea of ​​the invention, regarding the transmission direction from the shift shaft to the transfer drum—which, as explained, can be configured as a shift drum—a shift shock decoupling device is arranged between the shift shaft and the transfer drum. In other words, the transmission of force from the shift shaft to the transfer drum, and preferably vice versa, is achieved by means of this shift shock decoupling device, wherein the shift shock decoupling device can be understood in the sense of the invention as a force limiting device, and thus the force that can be transmitted between the shift shaft and the transfer drum is limited. In particular, this design of the shift drum mechanism prevents the transmission of large forces, especially those that could damage the mechanical components of the shift drum mechanism or other transmission components. More preferably, the shift shock decoupling device is designed as a reversible force limiting device, so that the shift shock decoupling device preferably deflects from its initial position upon the occurrence of a shift shock and thus prevents the harmful effects of the shift shock, and returns to its initial position after the shift shock.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the shift drum mechanism has at least one shift drum coupling element that is non-rotatably connected to the transfer drum. Furthermore, the shift drum mechanism has at least one shift shaft coupling element that is non-rotatably connected to the shift shaft. Specifically, to decouple the shift drum mechanism, i.e., to prevent the transmission of forces that directly or indirectly cause damage due to shift shocks, a decoupling spring device is provided to connect these elements, having at least one decoupling spring. This at least one decoupling spring device is configured to apply a decoupling spring force. This decoupling spring force preloads the shift drum coupling element and the shift shaft coupling element relative to each other. The direction of the decoupling spring force is preferably at least partially or preferably completely orthogonal to the shift axis, and more preferably at least partially or preferably completely parallel to the shift axis, or oriented in the direction of the shift axis. In particular, by utilizing the orthogonal orientation of the decoupling spring force, it is possible to design a shift drum mechanism with small installation space requirements in the direction of the shift axis. Specifically, by utilizing the axial orientation of the decoupling spring force, which is parallel to the shift axis, it is possible to design a shift drum mechanism orthogonal to the shift axis with small installation space requirements.

[0013] Furthermore, it is proposed that the shift drum coupling element has a shift drum decoupling surface and the shift shaft coupling element has a shift shaft decoupling surface. Here, in the sense of the invention, these surfaces can be understood as those of the shift drum coupling element and the shift shaft coupling element that are at least indirectly or preferably directly in contact with each other under the action of the decoupling spring force, and are therefore crucial for providing the decoupling function in this embodiment. Specifically, when providing decoupling, the shift shaft decoupling surface and the shift drum decoupling surface slide on each other. The shift shaft coupling element and the shift drum coupling element contact each other at least point-like and thus at so-called engagement contact points located on these decoupling surfaces (shift shaft decoupling surface, shift drum decoupling surface). Preferably, the shift drum coupling element and the shift shaft coupling element contact each other at least along the engagement contact line or more preferably within the engagement contact surface.

[0014] At least one, but preferably two, of these decoupling surfaces has a surface normal inclined relative to the shift axis at the at least one engagement point, i.e., the so-called decoupling surface normal. More preferably, this decoupling surface normal is inclined relative to the shift axis such that the rotational movement of the transfer drum—particularly when the transfer drum is implemented as a shift drum—about the shift axis relative to the shift shaft causes movement of the shift shaft coupling element relative to the shift drum coupling element, particularly in the direction of the shift axis, and causes a change in the decoupling spring force, particularly an increase in the decoupling spring force. In other words, when the decoupling spring force is axially parallel, one of the coupling elements (shift shaft coupling element, shift drum coupling element) moves in the longitudinal direction, particularly in the direction of the shift axis, relative to the other coupling element. Furthermore, this movement occurs against the decoupling spring force, and the transmission of rotational movement from one coupling element to the other does not occur.

[0015] In one embodiment, the shift drum coupling element or shift shaft coupling element can be configured as a ramp or inclined surface in the region of the corresponding decoupling surface, and a corresponding other coupling element contacts this region, i.e., the so-called ramp region. Preferably, the other coupling element is configured in its geometry to be opposite to (complementary to) the ramp region or, more preferably, to have a spherical design relative to the ramp region, so as to achieve good contact between the shift shaft element and the shift drum element. As explained, in such an embodiment, the decoupling spring force resists the aforementioned movement of the coupling elements (shift shaft coupling element, shift drum coupling element), i.e., particularly the movement of one of these elements in the direction of the shift axis, and the strength of the decoupling spring force in resisting such movement is determined by the geometry of the ramp region. Especially in this design of the shift drum mechanism, the decoupling function can be affected by the geometry of the shift shaft coupling element and the shift drum coupling element, as well as by the decoupling spring.

[0016] In a further preferred embodiment, a plurality of such shift drum coupling elements and shift shaft coupling elements are provided, but at least two of each. More preferably, each of these shift drum coupling elements contacts at least one of these shift shaft coupling elements. In particular, improved decoupling functionality can be achieved by means of multiple such coupling elements, and operational safety is also improved through multiple redundant elements.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, at least two shift shaft coupling elements are arranged spaced apart from each other along the shift axis. More preferably, these shift shaft coupling elements are arranged in a mirror image of each other. In particular, this arrangement of the shift shaft coupling elements ensures that the forces occurring on one of these shift shaft coupling elements cancel each other out when providing decoupling functionality.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the at least one decoupling spring is geometrically arranged between the at least two shift shaft coupling elements, which are further preferably arranged in a mirror-symmetric manner. This geometric arrangement, in particular, enables a space-saving construction.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, at least two shift drum coupling elements are arranged at a distance from each other along the shift axis. Preferably, the at least two shift drum coupling elements are arranged in a mirror-symmetrical manner. In particular, this arrangement enables a space-saving construction.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the at least one decoupling spring is geometrically arranged between the at least two shift drum coupling elements.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the shift shaft coupling element has at least one decoupling ramp region. The decoupling ramp region is preferably defined at least partially by the shift shaft decoupling surface. More preferably, the shift shaft coupling element has multiple such decoupling ramp regions. More preferably, at least one of the shift drum coupling elements has at least one decoupling engagement region. Preferably, the decoupling engagement region is defined at least partially by the shift drum decoupling surface. Preferably, the shift drum coupling element has multiple such decoupling engagement regions. More preferably, at least one of these decoupling engagement regions extends into the decoupling ramp region and thus into the shift shaft coupling element in the direction of the shift axis, particularly in the longitudinal direction. More preferably, in such a design, the shift drum coupling element and the shift shaft coupling element at least partially overlap in the direction of the shift axis, i.e., in the longitudinal direction.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, two symmetrical shift drum coupling elements are provided, and preferably two symmetrical shift shaft coupling elements are provided. Preferably, the at least one decoupling spring, particularly with respect to the decoupling spring force applied by the decoupling spring, is arranged coaxially with the shift axis, and in such an embodiment, the direction of the decoupling spring force is axially parallel to the shift axis. More preferably, the decoupling spring is arranged such that the decoupling spring force pushes the two shift shaft coupling elements apart; preferably, the decoupling spring is configured as a compression spring, particularly pressing them apart, and the decoupling spring force pre-presses the shift shaft coupling elements against the shift drum elements. This embodiment, in particular, enables a space-saving construction.

[0023] Furthermore, a shift transmission is proposed, particularly a transmission capable of shifting between multiple individual discrete gears, specifically predetermined gears via gears, wherein, in one of the embodiments described above, a shift drum mechanism is provided for changing at least one of these gears. Furthermore, the proposed shift transmission has at least one transmission input shaft and at least one transmission output shaft. In particular, the shift transmission has at least two selectively switchable gears for transmitting power. Preferably, at least one gear, preferably multiple gears, can be switched by means of a form-locking mechanism. This form-locking mechanism is preferably designed as a claw clutch and more preferably as a sliding gear, etc. More preferably, the proposed shift drum mechanism is configured to transmit operating force to or toward the form-locking mechanism. Preferably, the operating force can be provided directly by the vehicle operator using a control device, particularly by foot or hand operation, and furthermore, this operating force can be provided by a motor-driven actuator, especially in the case of partially or fully automated shift transmissions. The proposed shift drum mechanism is particularly advantageous in designs of shift transmissions with actuators for providing operating force, preferably as automated shift transmissions or at least as shift transmissions with automated operating modes. For automated shifting, as explained, a motor-driven drive for the shift shaft is necessary. Such a motor-driven drive, particularly the actuator, is directly or indirectly coupled to the shift shaft and typically has high inertia compared to manual operation of the shift shaft (foot or hand shift lever). In particular, the combination of this inertia and the high acceleration caused by shift shocks can result in high forces in the shifting mechanism, and it is these high forces that are avoided or at least reduced by the proposed shift drum mechanism.

[0024] Furthermore, the operating force for shifting gears is applied to the shift shaft. In particular, by means of the proposed shift drum mechanism, the operating device or actuator is decoupled from the reaction force of the shift drum mechanism, thereby achieving a particularly reliable shift transmission.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the shift transmission is configured as a partially or preferably fully asynchronous shift transmission. More preferably, at least one, and preferably multiple, such locking mechanisms have a sliding sleeve or pulley with a pawl clutch, wherein, in order to engage or disengage the asynchronous gear, movement of such a sliding sleeve or pulley is carried out by means of the proposed shift drum mechanism and other mechanics, particularly using one or more shift forks. This embodiment, in particular, enables a shift transmission with comfortable gear shifting.

[0026] In addition, a single-track vehicle, particularly a motorcycle or the like, having a shift transmission as described in one of the previously described embodiments is proposed. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The various individual features and embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the illustrations are at least partially simplified, and furthermore, in principle, other combinations of features different from those shown may also exist, wherein: Figure 1 A three-dimensional sectional view of the shift drum mechanism is shown; Figure 2 A three-dimensional view of the shift shaft with the shift drum is shown; Figure 3 A three-dimensional view is shown of a shift shaft without a shift drum but with a decoupling spring device. Figure 4 A highly schematic partial illustration showing the operating principle of an embodiment of the shift drum mechanism in its initial state. Figure 5 This is a highly schematic partial illustration showing the operating principle of the shift drum mechanism in a decoupled state. Figure 6 A three-dimensional view of the gear set of a shift transmission with a shift drum mechanism is shown. Figure 7 A schematic diagram of one embodiment is shown, in which the transfer drum is not configured as a shift drum. Detailed Implementation

[0028] exist Figure 1The figure shows a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of a proposed shift drum mechanism in one embodiment for operating a motorcycle shift transmission. The illustrated shift drum mechanism is designed to operate multiple locking elements (not shown) via so-called shift forks (not shown) to shift gears, i.e., different gear ratios, in a motorcycle shift transmission. The shift drum mechanism has a shift shaft 1, which consists of multiple components, including a shift force receiver 3 for receiving operating movements and operating forces from a lever (not shown) or an operating actuator (not shown). The shift shaft 1 is rotatably supported about a shift axis 2, and a shift shaft bearing 4 is illustrated for a support device for supporting the shift shaft 1 in the motorcycle shift transmission. Furthermore, the shift drum mechanism has a shift drum 5 arranged co-centered with the shift axis 2, which transmits shifting movements to the shift forks (not shown). Accordingly, in the illustrated embodiment, the transfer drum is configured as the shift drum 5. The shift drum 5 shown has three shift grooves 6, 7, and 8, which extend at least partially around the shift drum 5 in the circumferential direction 9 and form shift slides. Each shift slide has at least partially a shift tilt portion, which generates axial shifting motion due to the rotational movement of the shift drum 5 about the shift axis 2, thus converting the rotational motion about the shift axis into motion in the longitudinal direction 10. Furthermore, regarding the torque transmission direction from the shift shaft 1 to the shift drum 5, a shift shock decoupling device 11 is arranged between them, and the shift drum 5 and the shift shaft 1 are coupled to each other by means of this device. Moreover, the shift shock decoupling device 11 can be understood as a type of overload clutch; if a shift shock exceeding a certain force value occurs, such as when the shift drum mechanism is operated incorrectly, the shift shock decoupling device 11 decouples the shift shaft 1 from the shift drum 5, and the shift shock is no longer transmitted.

[0029] The shift shock decoupling device 11 has two shift drum coupling elements 12 and 13 that are non-rotatably connected to the shift drum 5, and two shift shaft coupling elements 14 and 15 that are non-rotatably connected to the shift shaft 1. Furthermore, the device includes a decoupling spring device 16 with a decoupling spring 17, which is configured as a helical spring and applies a decoupling spring force, i.e., a force along the shift axis 2. Therefore, the decoupling spring force preloads the shift drum coupling elements 12 and 13 and the shift shaft coupling elements 14 and 15 together.

[0030] exist Figure 2 The shift drum mechanism is shown in a three-dimensional, unsectioned view, as in... Figure 1 As shown in the embodiment, the transfer drum in this embodiment is also configured as a shift drum 5. The three shift grooves 6, 7, 8 and their shift tilt portions and their orientation around the shift drum 5 are clearly visible on the shift drum 5.

[0031] exist Figure 3 In the middle, by Figure 2 The known shift drum mechanism in the absence of shift drum 5 (in this Figure 3 The shift shaft 1 and the shift drum (5, not shown) are illustrated in three dimensions, thus clarifying the decoupling of the shift shaft 1 and the shift drum (5, not shown) by means of the shift shock decoupling device 11. The shift drum coupling elements 12 and 13 have a plurality of recesses with shift drum decoupling surfaces in the longitudinal direction 10, and the shift shaft coupling elements 14 and 15 engage with their shift shaft decoupling surfaces in these recesses. By means of the decoupling spring 17, the shift shaft coupling elements are preloaded relative to the shift drum coupling elements along the shift axis, so that they contact each other in pairs (12 / 14 and 13 / 15) at the engagement contact points on these decoupling surfaces.

[0032] As shown in the figure, the decoupling surface, at least where the shift drum coupling element and the shift shaft coupling element contact each other, is inclined relative to the shift axis. The rotational motion of the shift drum (not shown) is directly transmitted to the shift drum coupling elements 12 and 13, which are non-rotatably connected to it; this rotational motion can be caused, for example, by a shift shock. The shift shaft coupling elements 14 and 15 engage with the shift drum coupling elements 12 and 13, thereby transmitting rotational force to them. The shift shaft 1, which is non-rotatably connected to the shift shaft coupling elements 14 and 15, cannot rotate freely during normal operation of the shift drum mechanism because the shift shaft 1 is kinematically forced coupled to the shift lever (not shown) or shift actuator (not shown) via the shift force receiver 3. By means of the shift shock decoupling device, the shift shaft coupling elements 14 and 15 move toward each other on the shift shaft, thereby compressing the decoupling spring 17 and preventing excessive force from being transmitted through the shift drum mechanism. Ultimately, the shift drum 5 (not shown) and the shift drum coupling elements 12, 13 together with the shift drum rotate relative to the shift shaft 1 about the shift axis, and this causes the shift shaft coupling elements 14, 15 to move relative to the shift drum coupling elements 12, 13, wherein the movement of the shift shaft coupling elements along the shift axis 2 causes a change in the decoupling spring force.

[0033] Figure 4 and Figure 5 A partial illustration of the working principle of one embodiment of the shift drum mechanism is shown in the plan view, and in particular, the decoupling function of the transfer drum, currently configured as shift drum 5, relative to the shift shaft 1 can be seen in this illustration. Figure 4 The initial state (no shift shock) is shown in the image and... Figure 5The diagram shows the decoupling state (shift shock decoupling). The decoupling spring 17 is arranged concentrically with the shift shaft 2. The shift shock to the shift drum 5 causes the shift drum coupling element 12, which is not rotatably connected to the shift drum 5, to move in direction 20 in the plane shown, i.e., to rotate about the shift axis 2. The shift drum coupling element 12 and the shift shaft coupling element 14 contact each other at contact point 18. The contact surface of the shift shaft coupling element 14 is inclined relative to the shift axis 2, as can be seen particularly from the surface normal 19. Furthermore, the shift tilt portion 31, resulting from the inclination relative to the shift axis 2, can be seen in this plan view. The decoupling spring 17 tensions the shift shaft coupling element 14 against the shift drum coupling element 12 by means of the decoupling spring force. Due to the shift shock, the shift shaft coupling element deflects in the linear motion direction 21 and the decoupling spring 17 is tensioned. Through the movement of the shift shaft coupling element in the linear motion direction 21, the shift shock is not transmitted to the shift shaft as rotational momentum, thus achieving decoupling of the shift shock from the shift shaft 1 to the shift drum 5. The displacement, particularly the rotational displacement (direction 20), of the shift drum coupling element 12 relative to the shift shaft coupling element 14 can be limited by a rotational displacement stop. When the shift shock subsides, the shift drum coupling element 12 and the shift shaft coupling element 14 return to their initial positions, and a new shift shock can be decoupled. Figure 5 It can be seen from this that the shift drum coupling element moves from its initial position ( Figure 4 The shift shaft coupling element 14 moves in the linear motion direction 21, thereby compressing the decoupling spring 17.

[0034] exist Figure 6 The diagram shows a three-dimensional view of a 6-speed spur gear transmission without a transmission housing. The gears for power transmission are implemented as spur gears 25-30. To establish a non-rotatable connection for gear shifting, this transmission lacks any synchronizing device and is thus configured as an asynchronous 6-speed transmission. Gear shifting (engaging / disengaging different gears) is achieved by moving the sliding wheels via the shift forks 22 and 23 shown. During shifting, the disengaged gear is decoupled by moving the sliding wheels, thus canceling the existing pawl contact (gear of the disengaged gear / driveshaft). Furthermore, the engagement of the gear to be engaged is achieved by moving another or the same sliding wheel, thus establishing a new pawl contact (gear of the engaged gear / driveshaft). The movement of the sliding wheels is achieved by means of the shift forks 22 and 23, which engage in slots with the sliding wheels to be moved. It is specified that each shift fork can shift a maximum of two gears.

[0035] Shift forks 22 and 23 are driven via curved tracks, i.e., shift grooves, which are arranged in a circumferential direction on the rotatable shift drum 5 of the proposed shift drum mechanism. In the illustrated embodiment, the shift drum is configured as the shift drum 5. The shift increment between two gears is typically 60°, particularly with respect to the rotational displacement of the shift drum about its axis of rotation, here the shift axis. The drive of the shift drum mechanism, and therefore the shift drum 5, is achieved by means of a stepping shift mechanism to the shift shaft 1, the motion of which is transmitted from the shift shaft to the shift drum 5 via a decoupling device. The stepping shift mechanism can be manually operated by hand or, more commonly, foot, as illustrated, or as an adjunct to or replacement of this manual operation, and can be equipped with a motor drive, preferably an electric motor drive.

[0036] The proposed shift drum mechanism can be used in spur gears and helical gears regardless of the number of gears; in addition, such a shift drum mechanism can also be similarly applied to other types of shift kinematics.

[0037] exist Figure 7 The diagram shows a highly schematic partial view of one embodiment in which the transfer drum is not configured as a shift drum 5, but rather as a rotatable and concentric transfer drum about the shift axis 2. The shifting force applied by means of the foot pedal 32 is transmitted to the shift drum 5 via a transmission gear 34 through a step-shift mechanism 34. In an automated transmission, a shift actuator (not shown) can be used instead of the foot pedal 32.

[0038] The shift drum 5 is supported in a manner rotatable about an axis 33, which is oriented axially parallel to, but not concentric with, the shift axis 2. The shift drum 5 shown in the figure has two shift slots 6 and 7 into which shift forks 22 and 23 engage. Rotational movement of the shift drum 5 about its axis of rotation 33 causes these shift forks 22 and 23 to move in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation 33 according to the design of the shift slots 6 and 7, and by this movement, they can engage or disengage gears in a shift transmission (not shown).

[0039] The shifting impact applied to the shift drum 5 by at least one of the shift forks 22, 23 can cause the shift drum 5 to rotate about its rotation axis 33 via corresponding shift grooves 6, 7. This rotational motion is transmitted via the transmission gear 34 in the direction toward the pedal lever 32. In the shifting impact decoupling device 11, which is arranged concentrically with the shift axis 2 and geometrically integrated into the shift drum, the pedal lever 32 is decoupled from the shifting impact, provided that the shifting impact exceeds a limit value predetermined by the design of the shifting impact decoupling device 11.

Claims

1. A shifting mechanism for actuating a locking element for shifting gears in a shift transmission, the shifting mechanism having A shift shaft (1) that can rotate about the shift axis (2) and has The transfer drum is arranged concentrically with the shift axis (2), wherein, The transfer drum is configured, directly or indirectly, to transmit the operating motion to the shift drum (5) or The shift drum is configured as follows (5). Furthermore, such a shift drum (5) has at least one shift groove (6, 7, 8), which extends at least partially around the shift drum (5) in the circumferential direction (9) and is configured as a shift slide, which at least partially has a shift tilt portion (31) configured to generate axial shifting motion in the axial direction (21) based on the rotational motion of the shift drum (5) about its rotation axis (2, 33), and Regarding the torque transmission direction from the shift shaft (1) to the transfer drum, a shift shock decoupling device (11) is arranged between the shift shaft (1) and the transfer drum, and The transfer drum and the shift shaft (1) are coupled to each other by means of the shift shock decoupling device (11) for transmitting torque.

2. A shift drum mechanism for actuating a locking element for shifting gears in a shift transmission, comprising: A shift shaft (1) that can rotate about the shift axis (2) and has The transfer drum, configured as a shift drum (5), is set concentrically with the shift axis. in, The shift drum (5) has at least one such shift groove (6, 7, 8), which is configured as a shift slide and is arranged to generate axial shifting motion. Regarding the torque transmission direction from the shift shaft (1) to the shift drum (5), the shift shock decoupling device (11) is installed between the shift shaft 1 and the shift drum (5) and The shift drum (5) and the shift shaft (1) are coupled together by means of a shift shock decoupling device (11) to transmit torque.

3. The shift drum mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The shift shock decoupling device (11) has at least one shift drum coupling element (12, 13) that is non-rotatably connected to the transfer drum and at least one shift shaft coupling element (14, 15) that is non-rotatably connected to the shift shaft (1). The device includes a decoupling spring assembly (16) having at least one decoupling spring (17) and applying a decoupling spring force that preloads the at least one shift drum coupling element (12, 13) and the at least one shift shaft coupling element (14, 15) relative to each other. The at least one shift drum coupling element (12, 13) has a shift drum decoupling surface and the at least one shift shaft coupling element (14, 15) has a shift shaft decoupling surface, and At least two of these coupling elements (12, 13, 14, 15) are in contact with each other at at least one engagement contact point (18) on each of these decoupling surfaces, and At least one of the decoupling surfaces has a surface normal, the so-called decoupling surface normal (19), in at least one such engagement contact point (18), which is inclined relative to the shift axis (2), such that the rotational movement of the transfer drum relative to the shift axis (1) about the shift axis (2) causes the at least one shift axis coupling element (14, 15) to move relative to the at least one shift drum coupling element (12, 13) and causes a change in the decoupling spring force.

4. The shift drum mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, It is provided with at least two shift drum coupling elements (12, 13) and at least two shift shaft coupling elements (14, 15).

5. The shift drum mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that, At least two shift shaft coupling elements (14, 15) are arranged at a distance from each other along the shift axis (2).

6. The shift drum mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that, At least one decoupling spring (17) is geometrically arranged between the at least two shift shaft coupling elements (14, 15).

7. The shift drum mechanism according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that, At least two shift drum coupling elements (12, 13) are arranged at a distance from each other along the shift axis (2).

8. The shift drum mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that, At least one decoupling spring (17) is geometrically arranged between the at least two shift drum coupling elements (12, 13).

9. The shift drum mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, At least one of the shift shaft coupling elements (14, 15) has at least one decoupling ramp region, which is at least partially defined by the shift shaft decoupling surface, and At least one of the shift drum coupling elements (12, 13) has at least one decoupling engagement region, which is at least partially defined by the decoupling surface of the shift drum. The at least one decoupling engagement region extends into the shift shaft coupling element (14, 15) in the direction of the shift axis in the decoupling ramp region.

10. The shift drum mechanism according to claim 8, characterized in that, It is provided with two symmetrical shift drum coupling elements (12, 13) and two symmetrical shift shaft coupling elements (14, 15). Furthermore, the decoupling spring (17) is arranged coaxially with respect to the decoupling spring force applied by the decoupling spring on the shift axis (2), and The decoupling spring force pushes the two shift shaft coupling elements (14, 15) apart from each other and pre-presses them against the shift drum coupling elements (12, 13).

11. A shift transmission including a shift drum mechanism according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The shift transmission has at least one transmission input shaft and at least one transmission output shaft. Furthermore, the shift transmission has at least two selectively switchable gears for transmitting power from the transmission input shaft to the transmission output shaft, and At least one of these gear positions can be switched using a form-locking mechanism, and The shift drum mechanism is configured to transmit the operating force to the locking mechanism.

12. The shift transmission according to claim 11, characterized in that, The shift transmission is configured as a non-synchronous shift transmission, and The locking mechanism has a sliding sleeve with a claw-shaped connecting section, or a sliding wheel with such a section.

13. A single-track vehicle having a shift transmission according to any one of claims 11 or 12.

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