A detachable shield machine cutter head for quickly forming a rescue passage and a method of use

Abstract

This invention provides a detachable shield tunneling machine cutterhead for rapidly forming rescue channels and its usage method. It includes a cutterhead assembly and a hopper. The hopper has an annular outer shell and a drive connecting ring fixed to the rear end of the annular outer shell. The cutterhead assembly is fixedly connected to the front end of the annular outer shell. The drive connecting ring has bolt holes for connection to the shield machine body and is driven to rotate axially by a cutterhead drive motor within the shield machine body. Guide plates are also circumferentially fixed on the inner wall of the annular outer shell to guide soil and rock entering the annular outer shell into the central area of ​​the hopper, allowing the soil and rock to fall onto a belt conveyor extending into the annular outer shell via the center of the drive connecting ring. This invention solves the problems of existing shield tunneling machines, such as difficulty in conversion during rescue scenarios, non-detachable cutterheads, and inability to quickly establish rescue channels. It belongs to the field of collapse body drilling and rescue.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drilling and rescue in collapsed structures, and in particular to a detachable shield tunneling machine cutterhead for rapidly forming a rescue channel and its method of use. Background Technology

[0002] In the event of a sudden collapse, rock instability, or sudden water or mud inrush during tunnel construction, it is essential to quickly clear the collapsed area and create a safe passage to allow rescue personnel to access the trapped area. However, existing tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are primarily used for continuous tunneling operations, and their cutterheads and front-end structures are mostly integral designs that cannot be disassembled, making it impossible to quickly create a passage for personnel during collapse emergency rescues.

[0003] In existing technologies, the cutterhead arrangement, internal muck removal methods, and structural forms of tunnel boring machine (TBM) cutterheads are all focused on excavation efficiency, lacking a "rescue mode" to deal with sudden tunnel accidents. In the event of a collapse, manual dismantling of the cutterhead or the creation of an alternative passage is required, which is inefficient, dangerous, and can easily delay the best rescue time.

[0004] Therefore, how to enable tunnel boring machines to quickly switch modes in collapse rescue scenarios while ensuring their normal tunneling capacity, and to form a rescue passage for personnel through the cutterhead's own structure, has become an urgent problem to be solved in tunnel emergency technology.

[0005] This invention addresses the technical shortcomings of existing tunnel boring machines (TBMs) in terms of difficulty in conversion during rescue scenarios, non-removable cutterheads, and inability to quickly establish rescue channels. It proposes a TBM cutterhead with a detachable structure, smooth muck removal, and a rescue mode, as well as its usage method. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a detachable shield tunneling machine cutterhead and its usage method for quickly forming a rescue channel, in order to solve the problems of existing shield tunneling machines being difficult to convert in rescue scenarios, having non-detachable cutterheads, and being unable to quickly establish rescue channels.

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a detachable shield tunneling machine cutterhead for rapidly forming a rescue channel. The cutterhead assembly includes a cutterhead assembly and a hopper. The hopper has an annular outer shell and a drive connecting ring fixed to the rear end of the annular outer shell. The cutterhead assembly is fixedly connected to the front end of the annular outer shell. Bolt holes are distributed on the drive connecting ring for connection to the shield machine body, and the ring is driven to rotate axially by a cutterhead drive motor within the shield machine body. Guide plates are also circumferentially fixed on the inner wall of the annular outer shell to guide the soil and rock entering the annular outer shell into the central area of ​​the hopper, thereby allowing the soil and rock to fall onto a belt conveyor that extends into the annular outer shell via the center of the drive connecting ring.

[0008] In the aforementioned detachable shield machine cutterhead, the cutterhead assembly includes a main cutterhead fixing plate, a secondary cutterhead fixing frame, and a rear-end fixing ring. Two main cutterhead fixing plates are arranged parallel to each other at the center of the cutterhead and fixed to the rear-end fixing ring. Two sets of secondary cutterhead fixing frames are respectively arranged on the outer side of the two main cutterhead fixing plates and between the rear-end fixing ring. At least one secondary cutterhead fixing frame is detachably connected to the corresponding main cutterhead fixing plate. Roller cutters and cutting blades are distributed and installed between the two main cutterhead fixing plates and on the secondary cutterhead fixing frames.

[0009] In the aforementioned detachable shield machine cutterhead, the auxiliary cutterhead fixing frame on one side is fixed to the corresponding main cutterhead fixing plate by a threaded connection, while the auxiliary cutterhead fixing frame on the other side is an integral structure with the corresponding main cutterhead fixing plate.

[0010] In the aforementioned detachable shield machine cutterhead, the inner wall of the annular hopper shell or the front end face of the drive connecting ring is also fixed with a lifting lug for suspending a chain. Before the secondary cutter head fixing frame is disassembled, it is connected by the chain. After removing the connecting bolts and removing the secondary cutter head fixing frame to the outside, the secondary cutter head fixing frame is slowly lowered by controlling the chain to prevent the secondary cutter head fixing frame from falling freely to the ground.

[0011] In the aforementioned detachable shield machine cutterhead, the auxiliary cutter head fixing frame on one side includes a base connecting plate, an inclined plate, and a horizontal plate. The base connecting plate is arranged along the length direction of the corresponding main cutter head fixing plate, and the base connecting plate is fixed to the outer surface of the corresponding main cutter head fixing plate by a threaded connection. The two horizontal plates are parallel to each other and one end is fixed to the middle of the base connecting plate, and there is a set distance between the two horizontal plates to install the roller cutter and the cutting blade. The two inclined plates are parallel to each other and one end is fixed to the outside of the base connecting plate, the horizontal plate, or the main cutter head fixing plate, and there is a set distance between the two inclined plates to install the roller cutter.

[0012] In the aforementioned detachable shield machine cutterhead, one side of the outer end of the main cutter head fixing plate, the inclined plate and the horizontal plate is attached to the end face of the rear fixing ring, and the other side of the outer end is an arc-shaped curved surface. The outer end of the main cutter head fixing plate, the inclined plate and the horizontal plate is located on the inner side of the rear fixing ring and also has a limiting protrusion. The limiting protrusion is locked in the inner wall of the rear fixing ring.

[0013] The specific methods for using the aforementioned detachable tunnel boring machine cutterhead include:

[0014] a) Rotating cutterhead for rock breaking:

[0015] The cutter head obtains rotational power through the drive connecting ring at its rear end, causing the cutter head to rotate around the axis. During the rotation, the roller cutter and the cutting blade at the front end of the cutter head crush and cut the rock and soil.

[0016] After the rock and soil are broken up by the cutter head, they enter the outer shell of the annular hopper.

[0017] The guide plate guides the incoming rock and soil to the belt conveyor in the central area of ​​the silo, and then discharges it through the belt conveyor. Essentially, it makes the rock and soil fall in a concentrated manner, so that it does not stagnate or block in the cutter head.

[0018] b) Establish a rescue channel:

[0019] First, attach the chain to the lifting lug and connect it to the secondary cutter head fixing frame to be removed. Use the lifting lug and chain to control the secondary cutter head fixing frame to prevent it from falling during disassembly. During disassembly, remove the bolts connecting the secondary cutter head fixing frame to the main cutter head fixing plate to separate the entire secondary cutter head fixing frame from the cutter head. Then, use the aforementioned chain to slowly lower the secondary cutter head fixing frame to safely remove it. This disassembly creates a rescue passage at the cutter head that allows people to pass through. Rescuers can then enter the area where the trapped person is located and rescue the trapped person through the rescue passage.

[0020] The secondary cutter head fixing bracket on the other side is integrally formed with the main cutter head fixing plate. This side remains unremoved and is used to form the load-bearing skeleton of the remaining structure of the cutter head assembly.

[0021] In the aforementioned method of use, the cutterhead is rotatably mounted on the front shell of the tunnel boring machine body. The drive connecting ring is connected to the cutterhead drive motor inside the front shell. A second lifting lug is installed on the upper part of the inner wall of the front shell. After the rescue channel is formed, the chain is hung on the second lifting lug, and the other end of the chain is connected to the auxiliary cutterhead fixing frame or the main cutterhead fixing plate. The cutterhead is rotated so that the corresponding chain connection of the auxiliary cutterhead fixing frame or the main cutterhead fixing plate rotates to the upper part, straightens the chain and fixes it to lock the remaining structure of the cutterhead assembly and prevent the rescue channel from rotating during the rescue process.

[0022] In the aforementioned method of use, before forming a rescue channel, the cutter head is rotated to rotate the secondary cutter head fixing bracket to be removed to the bottom position, and then the above-mentioned steps for forming a rescue channel are performed.

[0023] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0024] 1. A detachable structure at the front end of the cutterhead enables the formation of a rapid rescue passage. A detachable secondary cutterhead fixing bracket is installed in the cutterhead assembly, which allows for quick and safe disassembly via threaded connections and a lifting lug + chain control. After disassembly, a rescue hole is formed in the center of the cutterhead, allowing personnel to pass through. A rescue passage can be established without damaging the tunnel boring machine body, significantly improving emergency response efficiency.

[0025] 2. The secondary cutter head holder is designed as two detachable parts, making disassembly more flexible and convenient. When it is necessary to disassemble or replace the secondary cutter head holder, one part can be disassembled first, thereby reducing the difficulty of overall disassembly. Especially in situations where space is limited, the two-part design allows operators to disassemble from different angles and positions, thereby improving work efficiency. Since the two parts can be disassembled separately, rescuers can disassemble the upper or lower part first according to specific needs, which helps to reduce the physical burden and difficulty of operation.

[0026] 3. The disassembly process is safe and controllable, avoiding the risk of parts falling. The disassembly process of the secondary cutter head fixing frame is completed by the lifting lugs and chains, which can achieve a controlled and slow descent throughout the process, avoiding secondary injury or damage caused by free fall, and significantly improving the safety of the rescue process.

[0027] 4. The structural design takes into account both tunneling and rescue modes. The detachable structure is only arranged on one side of the cutterhead, while the other side maintains an integral structure to form a strong load-bearing skeleton. This not only meets the strength requirements during normal tunneling, but also serves as a residual structure to support the rescue passage during rescue operations.

[0028] 5. Optimize the slag discharge path to avoid slag accumulation after the cutterhead is disassembled, which may affect rescue operations. A guide plate is installed in the annular hopper to concentrate the soil and rock and guide it to the belt conveyor, making it less likely for the inside of the cutterhead to become clogged. Even in rescue mode, slag removal can be kept unobstructed to prevent slag from blocking the rescue channel.

[0029] 6. The cutter head can be rotated and positioned, making disassembly and fixing more convenient. By driving the cutter head to rotate, the secondary cutter head fixing bracket that needs to be disassembled can be moved to the bottom for easy operation. After the rescue channel is formed, the remaining structure can be moved to the upper part and fixed with chains to prevent the cutter head from rotating during rescue.

[0030] 7. It has a simple structure and low modification cost, and is suitable for existing shield tunneling systems. It is based on the traditional shield cutterhead structure with local design optimization. The detachable modular components are easy to manufacture and maintain, and it is suitable for improvement on existing shield tunneling equipment, with significant engineering application value. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cutter head end of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cutter head structure;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the cutter head from an end view.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the annular hopper shell and the drive connecting ring;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the detachable secondary cutter head fixing bracket in this embodiment;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another feasible detachable secondary cutter head holder;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing that the secondary cutter head fixing bracket has two detachable structures, one above and one below.

[0038] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of the upper auxiliary cutter head fixing bracket after removal. Detailed Implementation

[0039] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0040] In the following description, certain specific details are set forth for the purpose of illustrating various disclosed embodiments in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various disclosed embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that embodiments may be practiced without one or more of these specific details. In other instances, well-known apparatuses, structures, and techniques associated with this application may not have been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the description of the embodiments.

[0041] Throughout this specification, references to "an embodiment" or "an embodiment" indicate that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Therefore, the appearance of "in an embodiment" or "an embodiment" in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, a particular feature, structure, or characteristic may be combined in any manner in one or more embodiments.

[0042] In the following description, in order to clearly demonstrate the structure and working method of the present invention, a number of directional terms will be used. However, terms such as "front", "back", "left", "right", "outside", "inside", "outward", "inward", "up", and "down" should be understood as convenient terms and not as limiting terms.

[0043] See Figures 1 to 8This embodiment provides a detachable shield machine cutterhead for quickly forming a rescue channel, including a cutterhead assembly 1 and a hopper 2. The hopper 2 has an annular hopper shell 21 and a drive connecting ring 22 fixed to the rear end of the annular hopper shell 21. The cutterhead assembly 1 is fixedly connected to the front end of the annular hopper shell 21. Bolt holes 221 are distributed on the drive connecting ring 22 to connect to the shield machine body and be driven to rotate around the axis by the cutterhead drive motor inside the shield machine body. Guide plates 23 are also fixed circumferentially on the inner wall of the annular hopper shell 21 to guide the rock and soil entering the annular hopper shell 21 into the middle area of ​​the hopper 2, so that the rock and soil fall onto the belt conveyor that extends into the annular hopper shell 21 through the middle of the drive connecting ring 22.

[0044] In this embodiment, the cutter head assembly 1 includes a main cutter head fixing plate 11, a secondary cutter head fixing bracket 12, and a rear end fixing ring 13. Two main cutter head fixing plates 11 are arranged parallel to each other at the center of the cutter head and fixed to the rear end fixing ring 13. Two sets of secondary cutter head fixing brackets 12 are respectively arranged on the outer side of the two main cutter head fixing plates 11 and between the rear end fixing ring 13. The secondary cutter head fixing bracket 12 on one side is detachably connected to the corresponding main cutter head fixing plate 11. A roller cutter 14 and a cutting blade 15 are distributed and installed between the two main cutter head fixing plates 11 and on the secondary cutter head fixing brackets 12.

[0045] Furthermore, the secondary cutter head fixing bracket 12 on one side includes a base connecting plate 121, an inclined plate 122, and a horizontal plate 123. The base connecting plate 121 is arranged along the length direction of the corresponding main cutter head fixing plate 11, and the base connecting plate 121 is fixed to the outer surface of the corresponding main cutter head fixing plate 11 by threaded connection. The two horizontal plates 123 are parallel to each other and one end is fixed to the middle of the base connecting plate 121, and there is a set distance between the two horizontal plates 123 to install the roller cutter 14 and the cutting blade 15. The two inclined plates 122 are parallel to each other and one end is fixed to the outside of the base connecting plate 121, the horizontal plate 123, or the main cutter head fixing plate 11, and there is a set distance between the two inclined plates 122 to install the roller cutter 14.

[0046] One side of the outer end of the main cutter head fixing plate 11, the inclined plate 122 and the horizontal plate 123 is attached to the end face of the rear end fixing ring 13, and the other side of the outer end is an arc-shaped curved surface. The outer side of the main cutter head fixing plate 11, the inclined plate 122 and the horizontal plate 123 located inside the rear end fixing ring 13 also has a limiting protrusion 116, which is engaged with the inner wall of the rear end fixing ring 13.

[0047] In another embodiment, the secondary cutter head fixing bracket 12 on one side is threadedly connected to the corresponding main cutter head fixing plate 11, and the secondary cutter head fixing bracket 12 on this side is divided into upper and lower parts, which can be disassembled or installed separately, such as... Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown.

[0048] The structure of dividing the secondary cutter head holder 12 into upper and lower parts that can be disassembled and installed separately offers the following advantages:

[0049] 1. Easy to maintain and disassemble; The secondary cutter head fixing bracket 12 is divided into upper and lower parts, making disassembly more flexible and convenient. When it is necessary to disassemble or replace the secondary cutter head fixing bracket, one part can be disassembled first, thereby reducing the difficulty of overall disassembly. Especially in the case of limited space, the two-part design allows the operator to disassemble from different angles and positions, thereby improving work efficiency. Since the two parts can be disassembled separately, rescuers can disassemble the upper or lower part first according to specific needs, which helps to reduce the physical burden and difficulty of operation.

[0050] 2. Enhanced structural stability: By dividing the secondary cutter head fixing bracket 12 into upper and lower parts, the weight of each part is reasonably distributed, avoiding the problem of excessive concentrated load that may be caused by a single large structure. The two-part design helps to improve the stability of the entire device, especially during installation and disassembly. During disassembly or installation, the overall center of gravity of the secondary cutter head fixing bracket 12 can be avoided from being too concentrated, so that even if a problem occurs on one side, the impact on the overall system can be reduced.

[0051] 3. Adaptability to complex terrain / space: During tunnel excavation or collapse rescue, the operating space may be limited. The design of the upper and lower auxiliary cutter head fixing frame can more easily adapt to narrow or complex working environments, especially in the case of obstacles or damaged areas. This enables the tunnel boring machine to perform its tasks better in complex terrain.

[0052] In another embodiment, the auxiliary cutter head fixing brackets 12 on both sides and the corresponding main cutter head fixing plates 11 are all threadedly connected and fixed (removable).

[0053] The inner wall of the annular hopper shell 21 or the front end face of the drive connecting ring 22 is also fixed with a lifting lug for suspending the chain. Before the secondary cutter head fixing frame 12 is disassembled, it is connected by the chain. After removing the connecting bolt and removing the secondary cutter head fixing frame 12 outward, the secondary cutter head fixing frame 12 is slowly lowered by controlling the chain to prevent the secondary cutter head fixing frame 12 from falling freely to the ground.

[0054] The method of using the detachable shield tunneling machine cutterhead described in this embodiment specifically includes:

[0055] a) Rotating cutterhead for rock breaking:

[0056] The cutter head obtains rotational power through the drive connecting ring 22 at its rear end, causing the cutter head to rotate around the axis. During the rotation, the roller cutter 14 and the cutting blade 15 at the front end of the cutter head crush and cut the rock and soil.

[0057] After being broken up by the cutter head, the rock and soil enter the outer shell 21 of the annular hopper.

[0058] The guide plate 23 guides the incoming rock and soil to the belt conveyor in the central area of ​​the silo, and then discharges it through the belt conveyor. Essentially, it makes the rock and soil fall in a concentrated manner, so that it does not linger or block in the cutter head.

[0059] b) Establish a rescue channel:

[0060] Before forming a rescue channel, rotate the cutter head to rotate the secondary cutter head fixing bracket 12 to the bottom position.

[0061] The chain is attached to the lifting lug and connected to the secondary cutter head fixing frame 12 to be removed. The lifting lug and chain control the secondary cutter head fixing frame 12 to prevent it from falling during disassembly. During disassembly, the bolts connecting the secondary cutter head fixing frame 12 to the main cutter head fixing plate 11 are removed to separate the entire secondary cutter head fixing frame 12 from the cutter head. The aforementioned chain is then used to slowly lower the secondary cutter head fixing frame 12 to safely remove it. The disassembly creates a rescue passage at the cutter head that can be passed through. Rescuers enter the area where the trapped person is located and rescue the trapped person through the rescue passage. After the rescue is completed, the secondary cutter head assembly is reinstalled.

[0062] The secondary cutter head fixing bracket 12 on the other side is integrally formed with the main cutter head fixing plate 11. This side remains unremoved and is used to form the load-bearing skeleton of the residual structure of the cutter head assembly 1.

[0063] In another embodiment, the cutterhead is rotatably mounted on the front housing 3 of the tunnel boring machine body. The drive connecting ring 22 is connected to the cutterhead drive motor 31 inside the front housing 3. A second lifting lug 32 is installed on the upper part of the inner wall of the front housing 3. After the rescue channel is formed, the chain is hung on the second lifting lug 32, and the other end of the chain is connected to the auxiliary cutterhead fixing frame 12 or the main cutterhead fixing plate 11. The cutterhead is rotated so that the chain connection corresponding to the auxiliary cutterhead fixing frame 12 or the main cutterhead fixing plate 11 rotates to the upper part, straightens the chain and fixes it to lock the remaining structure of the cutterhead assembly 1 and prevent the rescue channel from rotating during the rescue process.

[0064] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A detachable shield tunneling machine cutterhead for rapidly forming a rescue channel, characterized in that, The device includes a cutter head assembly (1) and a hopper (2). The hopper (2) has an annular hopper shell (21) and a drive connecting ring (22) fixed to the rear end of the annular hopper shell (21). The cutter head assembly (1) is fixedly connected to the front end of the annular hopper shell (21). The drive connecting ring (22) is provided with bolt holes (221) to connect to the shield machine body and drive the cutter head drive motor in the shield machine body to rotate around the axis. The inner wall of the annular hopper shell (21) is also fixed with guide plates (23) distributed around the circumference to guide the soil and rock entering the annular hopper shell (21) into the middle area of ​​the hopper (2), so that the soil and rock fall onto the belt conveyor that extends into the annular hopper shell (21) through the middle of the drive connecting ring (22).

2. The detachable shield tunneling machine cutterhead for rapidly forming a rescue channel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutter head assembly (1) includes a main cutter head fixing plate (11), a secondary cutter head fixing bracket (12), and a rear fixing ring (13). Two main cutter head fixing plates (11) are arranged in parallel at the center of the cutter head and fixed on the rear fixing ring (13). Two sets of secondary cutter head fixing brackets (12) are respectively arranged on the outside of the two main cutter head fixing plates (11) and between the rear fixing ring (13). At least one secondary cutter head fixing bracket (12) is detachably connected to the corresponding main cutter head fixing plate (11). A roller cutter (14) and a cutting blade (15) are distributed and installed between the two main cutter head fixing plates (11) and on the secondary cutter head fixing brackets (12).

3. The detachable shield tunneling machine cutterhead for rapidly forming a rescue channel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The secondary cutter head fixing bracket (12) on one side is fixed to the corresponding main cutter head fixing plate (11) by a threaded connection, while the secondary cutter head fixing bracket (12) on the other side is an integral structure with the corresponding main cutter head fixing plate (11).

4. The detachable shield tunneling machine cutterhead for rapidly forming a rescue channel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner wall of the annular hopper shell (21) or the front end face of the drive connecting ring (22) is also fixed with a lifting lug for suspending the chain. Before the secondary cutter head fixing frame (12) is disassembled, it is connected by the chain. After removing the connecting bolt and removing the secondary cutter head fixing frame (12) to the outside, the secondary cutter head fixing frame (12) is slowly lowered by controlling the chain to avoid the secondary cutter head fixing frame (12) falling freely to the ground.

5. The detachable shield tunneling machine cutterhead for rapidly forming a rescue channel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The auxiliary cutter head fixing bracket (12) on one side includes a base connecting plate (121), an inclined plate (122), and a horizontal plate (123). The base connecting plate (121) is arranged along the length direction of the corresponding main cutter head fixing plate (11), and the base connecting plate (121) is attached and fixed to the outer surface of the corresponding main cutter head fixing plate (11) by a threaded connection. The two horizontal plates (123) are parallel to each other and one end is fixed to the middle of the base connecting plate (121), and there is a set distance between the two horizontal plates (123) to install the roller cutter (14) and the cutter (15). The two inclined plates (122) are parallel to each other and one end is fixed to the outside of the base connecting plate (121), the horizontal plate (123), or the main cutter head fixing plate 11, and there is a set distance between the two inclined plates (122) to install the roller cutter (14).

6. The detachable shield tunneling machine cutterhead for rapidly forming a rescue channel according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer end of the main blade fixing plate (11), the inclined plate (122) and the horizontal plate (123) is attached to the end face of the rear fixing ring (13), and the other side of the outer end is an arc-shaped curved surface. The outer end of the main blade fixing plate (11), the inclined plate (122) and the horizontal plate (123) located on the inner side of the rear fixing ring (13) also has a limiting protrusion (116), which is engaged in the inner wall of the rear fixing ring (13).

7. A method of using a detachable shield tunneling machine cutterhead for rapidly forming a rescue channel as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Specifically, it includes: Rotating rock breaking cutter head: The cutter head obtains rotational power through the drive connecting ring (22) at its rear end, causing the cutter head to rotate around the axis. During the rotation, the roller cutter (14) and the cutting blade (15) at the front end of the cutter head crush and cut the rock and soil. After being broken by the cutter head, the rock and soil enter the outer shell (21) of the annular hopper; The guide plate (23) guides the incoming rock and soil to the belt conveyor in the central area of ​​the silo, and then discharges it through the belt conveyor. Essentially, it makes the rock and soil fall in a concentrated manner, so that it does not linger or block in the cutter head. Create a rescue channel: First, hang the chain on the lifting lug and connect it to the secondary cutter head fixing frame (12) to be removed. Control the secondary cutter head fixing frame (12) to prevent it from falling during disassembly by using the lifting lug and chain. During disassembly, remove the bolts connecting the secondary cutter head fixing frame (12) to the main cutter head fixing plate (11) to separate the entire secondary cutter head fixing frame (12) from the cutter head. Then, use the aforementioned chain to slowly lower the secondary cutter head fixing frame (12) to safely remove it.

8. The method of use according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cutterhead is rotatably mounted on the front shell (3) of the shield machine body. The drive connecting ring (22) is connected to the cutterhead drive motor (31) inside the front shell (3). The upper part of the inner wall of the front shell (3) is equipped with a second lifting lug (32). After the rescue channel is formed, the chain is hung on the second lifting lug (32), and the other end of the chain is connected to the auxiliary cutter head fixing frame (12) or the main cutter head fixing plate (11). The cutterhead is rotated so that the chain connection point corresponding to the auxiliary cutter head fixing frame (12) or the main cutter head fixing plate (11) rotates to the upper part, straightens the chain and fixes it to lock the remaining structure of the cutter head assembly (1) and prevent the rescue channel from rotating during the rescue process.

9. The method of use according to claim 7, characterized in that: Before forming a rescue channel, rotate the cutter head to rotate the secondary cutter head fixing bracket (12) to the bottom position, and then perform the above-mentioned steps to form a rescue channel.

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