Ejector device and solid oxide fuel cell

Abstract

This application provides an ejector device and a solid oxide fuel cell, relating to the field of solid oxide fuel cell technology. The ejector device includes: a primary flow inlet pipe, a secondary flow intake chamber, a mixing pipe, and a diffuser pipe arranged coaxially and sequentially. The secondary flow intake chamber has a volute structure and is fitted around the outside of the tapered nozzle at the outlet end of the primary flow inlet pipe. The secondary flow intake chamber includes: a main body and an inlet pipe section, the inlet pipe section being connected to the main body, and the junction of the two forming a volute tongue. A flow divider is provided within the secondary flow intake chamber, extending from the inlet pipe section to the main body. The extended contour line of the flow divider and the volute profile of the secondary flow intake chamber and its corresponding portion are aligned. The two outlets of the two spiral flow channels formed by the flow divider have complementary circumferential coverage within the main body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of solid oxide fuel cell technology, and more particularly to an ejector device and a solid oxide fuel cell. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of the global energy transition, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), as a highly efficient and clean energy conversion device, have attracted much attention in recent years. Their working principle involves converting the chemical energy of fuels (such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and natural gas) and oxidants (such as oxygen) directly into electrical energy through electrochemical oxidation-reduction reactions at high temperatures (typically 600–1000°C).

[0003] In SOFC systems, the anode gas circulation loop is a critical component, and the ejector is the core device within this loop. Because the ejector has no moving parts, it offers advantages such as simple maintenance and long service life, and is commonly used to complete the circulation, pressurization, and mixing processes of the anode gas.

[0004] In ejector applications, the flow characteristics of the secondary flow in the inlet chamber directly determine the ejection efficiency and equipment operational stability. Traditional ejector structures generally consist of a primary flow inlet pipe, a secondary flow inlet pipe, a converging nozzle, a mixing pipe, and a diffuser. In current mainstream ejector secondary flow supply scenarios, a single secondary flow source accounts for over 60%, and the secondary flow inlet pipe is typically a straight-tube suction chamber. This structural form has two major drawbacks: first, uneven circumferential flow leads to a decrease in ejection capacity; second, radial force imbalance endangers equipment safety.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide an ejector device that is suitable for single secondary flow scenarios in order to solve the problems of uneven circumferential flow and radial force imbalance in traditional secondary flow suction chambers. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this application is to provide an ejector device and a solid oxide fuel cell to solve the problems of uneven circumferential flow and radial force imbalance in traditional secondary flow inhalation chambers.

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides the following technical solutions: This application provides an ejector device, which includes: a primary flow inlet pipe, a secondary flow suction chamber, a mixing pipe and a diffuser pipe arranged coaxially along the axial direction and connected in sequence. The secondary flow suction chamber has a volute structure and is sleeved on the outside of the tapered nozzle at the outlet end of the primary flow inlet pipe. The secondary flow intake chamber includes a main body and an inlet pipe section. The inlet pipe section is connected to the main body, and the connection between the two forms a volute. A flow divider is provided in the secondary flow intake chamber. The flow divider extends from the inlet pipe section to the main body, and the extension outline of the flow divider is consistent with the volute profile of the secondary flow intake chamber and its corresponding part. The two air outlets of the two spiral flow channels formed by the flow divider have complementary circumferential coverage within the main body.

[0008] In some modified embodiments of this application, the diversion baffle includes a first end and a second end in its extension direction, the first end being located inside the inlet pipe section, the second end being located inside the main body portion, and the line connecting the second end and the volute tongue passing through the central axis of the converging nozzle.

[0009] In some modified embodiments of this application, the two spiral channels have the same flow area within the inlet pipe section.

[0010] In some modified embodiments of this application, a mixing chamber is coaxially connected between the secondary flow inhalation chamber and the mixing tube; The diameter of the mixing chamber gradually decreases from the inlet end to the outlet end.

[0011] In some modified embodiments of this application, it also includes: A flow guide ring is located in the secondary flow suction chamber. The flow guide ring is coaxially disposed on the outside of the tapered nozzle and partially located inside the mixing chamber. The diameter of the guide ring gradually decreases from the inlet end to the outlet end.

[0012] In some modified embodiments of this application, the plane containing the inlet end of the guide ring is located at 1 / 2 position of the secondary flow suction chamber in the direction of extension of the central axis of the converging nozzle.

[0013] In some modified embodiments of this application, the plane containing the outlet end of the guide ring is located at 1 / 2 position of the mixing chamber in the direction of extension of the central axis of the converging nozzle.

[0014] In some modified embodiments of this application, the taper of the guide ring is greater than the taper of the converging nozzle and less than the taper of the mixing chamber.

[0015] In some modified embodiments of this application, the inlet cross-section of the inlet pipe section of the secondary flow suction chamber is rectangular.

[0016] In some modified embodiments of this application, the diameter of the inlet end of the mixing chamber is equal to the base circle diameter of the secondary flow suction chamber.

[0017] This application also provides a solid oxide fuel cell, which includes the above-described ejector device.

[0018] Compared to existing technologies, the ejector device and solid oxide fuel cell provided in this application guide the secondary flow into an orderly circumferential spiral flow through the volute structure of the secondary flow intake chamber, replacing the traditional straight-tube direct injection flow. Combined with the uniform flow distribution by the flow divider and the 360° circumferential complementary jet at the outlet, the secondary flow is uniformly ejected along the outside of the converging nozzle and forms a uniform annular mixing interface with the primary flow. This solves the problems of localized accumulation and uneven circumferential flow of the secondary flow in the traditional straight-tube intake chamber, improving the mixing uniformity of the secondary flow, reducing mixing energy loss, and thus increasing the ejection coefficient and ejection capacity. Simultaneously, the two mirror-symmetrical spiral flow channels are centered on the central axis of the converging nozzle. The two secondary flows after splitting have the same flow state, generating radial forces of equal magnitude, opposite direction, and mutual cancellation. This eliminates the asymmetric radial force of the traditional structure, avoiding component vibration, seal wear, and axis misalignment problems, improving equipment operational stability and fuel cell lifespan, and enhancing the overall performance and operational reliability of the solid oxide fuel cell system. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of exemplary embodiments of this application will become readily understood by reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, several embodiments of this application are illustrated by way of example and not limitation, with the same or corresponding reference numerals denoteing the same or corresponding parts, wherein: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the ejector device provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 2 The diagram schematically illustrates another angle of the ejector device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the ejector device provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 4 A schematic cross-sectional view of the secondary flow intake chamber of the ejector device provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 5 A partial perspective view of the ejector device provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown schematically. Figure 6 The diagram schematically illustrates the internal streamline of the secondary flow intake chamber of the ejector device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 The diagram schematically illustrates a streamline view of the secondary flow intake chamber of the ejector device provided in an embodiment of the present invention from another angle. Explanation of icon numbers: 1. Primary inlet pipe; 11. Converging nozzle; 2. Secondary inlet chamber; 21. Main body; 22. Inlet pipe section; 23. Volute tongue; 3. Mixing pipe; 4. Diffuser; 5. Divider baffle; 6. Mixing chamber; 7. Guide ring. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0021] It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0022] In a SOFC system, the anode gas circulation loop is a core component, and the ejector is a key device in this loop. Due to the absence of moving parts, the ejector offers advantages such as easy maintenance and long service life, and is commonly used for anode gas circulation, pressurization, and mixing. During the anode gas circulation process, the ejector utilizes the high-speed primary flow formed by the high-pressure fuel gas to generate negative pressure, drawing in the anode exhaust gas as a secondary flow and completing the mixing. This process recovers unreacted fuel, heat, and water vapor from the secondary flow for reuse. This design not only improves fuel efficiency and reduces system costs but also effectively avoids carbon buildup problems caused by insufficient water content in the mixed gas within the reformer and SOFC, thereby extending the SOFC's service life and improving overall system performance.

[0023] The flow characteristics of the secondary flow in the inlet chamber directly determine the working efficiency and operational stability of the ejector. Traditional ejectors mainly consist of a primary flow inlet pipe, a secondary flow inlet pipe, a converging nozzle, a mixing pipe, and a diffuser. In current mainstream applications, scenarios with a single secondary flow source account for over 60%. However, the straight-tube suction chamber adapted for this scenario has two major drawbacks: First, the secondary flow is directly injected into the chamber through a single inlet, and due to the influence of flow inertia, it is prone to local accumulation, forming a circumferential velocity difference. This causes turbulence at the mixing interface of the primary and secondary flows, reducing the ejection coefficient and making it difficult to meet the high-precision industrial requirements such as hydrogen ejection for fuel cells. Second, it generates asymmetric radial forces on the main nozzle and the sidewall of the suction chamber. Long-term operation will exacerbate component vibration, cause wear on the sealing structure, and even cause ejector axis misalignment, significantly shortening the service life of the equipment. Example 1

[0024] Reference Appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 4To address the aforementioned shortcomings of traditional ejectors, Embodiment 1 of this invention proposes an ejector device comprising: a primary flow inlet pipe 1, a secondary flow suction chamber 2, a mixing pipe 3, and a diffuser pipe 4, arranged coaxially and sequentially. The secondary flow suction chamber 2 has a volute structure and is fitted around the outside of the tapered nozzle 11 at the outlet end of the primary flow inlet pipe 1. The secondary flow suction chamber 2 includes a main body 21 and an inlet pipe section 22, which is connected to the main body 21, and a volute tongue 23 is formed at their junction. A flow divider 5 is provided inside the secondary flow suction chamber 2, extending from the inlet pipe section 22 to the main body 21. The extended contour line of the flow divider 5 is consistent with the volute profile of the secondary flow suction chamber 2 and its corresponding portion. The two outlets of the two spiral flow channels formed by the flow divider 5 have complementary circumferential coverage within the main body 21.

[0025] Specifically, the ejector device provided in this embodiment is an axially integrated flow channel structure. Along the fluid flow direction, the main components include: a primary flow inlet pipe 1, a secondary flow suction chamber 2, a mixing chamber 6, and a diffuser pipe 4. The primary flow inlet pipe 1, the secondary flow suction chamber 2, the mixing chamber 6, and the diffuser pipe 4 are arranged sequentially along the same central axis, which can ensure that the fluid flows axially as a whole, avoiding smooth turbulence and radial force imbalance caused by axial offset. Adjacent components are sealed and connected. Specifically, the tapered nozzle 11 at the outlet end of the primary flow inlet pipe 1 extends into the internal cavity of the secondary flow suction chamber 2. The fluid outlet of the secondary flow suction chamber 2 is sealed and connected to the inlet of the mixing pipe 3. The outlet of the mixing pipe 3 is then sealed and connected to the inlet of the diffuser pipe 4, forming a complete fluid flow channel.

[0026] The primary flow inlet pipe 1 is a conveying channel for high-pressure primary flow (usually high-pressure fuel gas). Its outlet end integrates a tapered nozzle 11 structure. The nozzle is tapered and tapered, and its diameter gradually decreases along the flow direction of the primary flow. This can accelerate the primary flow and provide power for generating negative pressure to draw in the secondary flow. It is the core power part of the ejector device.

[0027] As attached Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 4As shown, the secondary flow intake chamber 2 is the inlet and guide chamber for the secondary flow (usually the anode exhaust gas of the SOFC system). It has an overall volute structure, resembling a snail shell with a spiral arc shape. It mainly includes: a main body 21 and an inlet pipe section 22. The main body 21 is the main cavity of the secondary flow intake chamber 2, shaped like a volute spiral arc. The inlet pipe section is the external access channel for the secondary flow; its inlet is adapted to a single secondary flow source scenario, sealingly connected to the single secondary flow source pipeline, and smoothly connected to the main body 21. The connection is made so that a volute tongue 23 is formed at the connection point. The shape of the volute tongue 23 is adapted to the profile of the volute, which can make the connection smooth and avoid backflow and vortex at the corner of the secondary flow. The secondary flow suction chamber 2 is coaxially nested with the primary flow inlet pipe 1. The secondary flow suction chamber 2 is sleeved on the outside of the tapered nozzle 11 at the outlet end of the primary flow inlet pipe 1. The two form an annular fluid mixing area, which allows the secondary flow to wrap around the primary flow from the outside of the tapered nozzle 11 and achieve annular contact mixing between the two.

[0028] The mixing tube 3 and the diffuser tube 4 can be configured as straight tubes. The mixing tube 3 is used to achieve deep mixing of the primary flow and the secondary flow, and the diffuser tube 4 can diffuse and decelerate the mixed fluid to achieve pressure recovery.

[0029] Furthermore, a flow divider 5 is provided inside the secondary flow suction chamber 2. The flow divider 5 extends from the inside of the air inlet pipe section to the inside of the main body 21. It is a plate-shaped structure and is sealed and fixed to the inner side walls of the two sides opposite to each other along the axial direction of the secondary flow suction chamber 2. The extended outline of the flow divider 5 is completely consistent with the volute profile of the corresponding part of the secondary flow suction chamber 2. Specifically, the straight section of the flow divider 5 in the secondary flow suction chamber 2 and the arc-shaped section after entering the main body 21 are synchronized with the volute profile of the secondary flow suction chamber 2 at its location. This can divide the interior of the secondary flow suction chamber 2 into two independent spiral channels, and the two spiral channels are connected by a tapering nozzle 11. Centered on the central axis, the two spiral channels are arranged in opposite directions, so that the radial forces generated by the secondary flow in the two spiral channels are opposite and can at least partially cancel each other out. Optimally, the two spiral channels can be set as mirror spirals with the central axis of the converging nozzle 11 as the center of symmetry. Specifically, the geometric dimensions and opening shapes of the ends, corners, and outlets of the two spiral channels are completely mirrored, so that the radial forces generated by the secondary flow in the two spiral channels are a pair of forces of equal magnitude and opposite direction. According to the principle of mechanical balance, they can cancel each other out, thereby eliminating the problem of asymmetric radial force in traditional straight-tube suction chambers, effectively reducing component vibration and avoiding axial offset. The two spiral channels share the inlet of the air inlet section. The two outlets at their ends occupy an independent, non-overlapping coverage angle in the annular mixing area within the main body 21, with the central axis of the converging nozzle 11 as the center. The two angles are added together to achieve 360° full circumferential gapless coverage, so that the secondary flow can be uniformly sprayed from all circumferential positions outside the converging nozzle 11, forming a smooth annular flow that completely envelops the high-speed primary flow. At the same time, the reverse spiral design of the two spiral channels can reduce the flow field turbulence caused by local jet superposition or gaps, and lay the foundation for the formation of a smooth annular mixing interface between the primary and secondary flows and improve the mixing uniformity.

[0030] Based on the above, embodiments of the present invention propose an ejector device that guides the secondary flow into an ordered circumferential spiral flow through a volute structure, replacing the traditional straight-tube direct-jet flow. Combined with the uniform flow distribution of the flow divider 5 and the 360° circumferential complementary jet flow from the outlet, the secondary flow can be uniformly ejected along the outside of the tapered nozzle 11 and form an annular uniform mixing interface with the primary flow, as shown in the attached diagram. Figure 6 and attached Figure 7As shown, the axial and radial flow is smooth without vortexes, reducing flow noise and making the radial force more uniform. This solves the problems of local accumulation and uneven circumferential flow in the secondary flow of traditional straight-tube suction chambers, improving the mixing uniformity of the secondary flow, reducing mixing energy loss, and thus improving the ejection coefficient and ejection capacity. At the same time, the two mirror-symmetrical spiral flow channels are centered on the central axis of the converging nozzle 11. The two secondary flow paths after splitting have the same flow state, and the radial forces generated are in opposite directions, which can at least partially cancel each other out. This reduces the asymmetric radial force of traditional structures, which can reduce component vibration, seal wear and axis misalignment, and improve the operational stability and service life of the equipment.

[0031] Further, see attached document. Figure 4 In a specific implementation, the diversion baffle 5 includes a first end and a second end in its extension direction. The first end is located inside the inlet pipe section 22, and the second end is located inside the main body 21. The line connecting the second end and the volute tongue 23 passes through the central axis of the converging nozzle 11.

[0032] Specifically, the diversion baffle 5 includes a first end and a second end facing away from each other in its extension direction. The first end is the starting end, located inside the inlet pipe section 22, and can be flush with the inlet cross-section of the inlet pipe section 22 or located inside the inlet cross-section. The second end of the diversion baffle 5 is the terminating end, located inside the main body 21. In the technical solution adopted by the present invention, by limiting the line connecting the second end of the diversion baffle 5 and the volute tongue 23 to pass through the central axis of the converging nozzle 11, the diversion baffle 5 can be arranged in a spiral symmetrical layout in the secondary flow suction chamber 2, ensuring that the two spiral flow channels are symmetrical about the central axis of the converging nozzle 11. This not only allows the single secondary flow to be accurately and proportionally distributed to the two spiral flow channels in the air inlet pipe section, but also allows the secondary flow of the two spiral flow channels to move spirally along the central axis, with the spiral directions being opposite to the central mirror image, ensuring that the flow rate, velocity, and pressure of the two secondary flows are consistent throughout the entire flow process. The process is completely or substantially consistent, ensuring that the radial forces generated by the two secondary flows on the converging nozzle 11 and the sidewall of the suction chamber during the spiral flow are always symmetrical about the central axis, forming a force state of equal magnitude and opposite direction. This enhances the mutual cancellation effect of the radial forces and effectively avoids the problems of uneven distribution of secondary flow and excessive local radial force caused by the asymmetry of the diversion baffle 5. This further reduces the vibration amplitude of the ejector device and reduces the wear of the sealing structure and the main nozzle. At the same time, this symmetrical layout allows the outlets of the two spiral flow channels to maintain precise circumferential complementary coverage, ensuring that the secondary flow is uniformly ejected 360° circumferentially along the outside of the converging nozzle 11, maintaining the smoothness of the mixing interface between the primary and secondary flows, and avoiding the decrease in the ejection coefficient caused by the disorder of the mixing interface. While improving the operational stability and service life of the ejector, it also ensures the stability of the ejection efficiency, allowing the device to operate reliably for a long time in high-speed and high-precision ejection scenarios such as SOFC anode circulation.

[0033] Further, see attached document. Figure 5 In specific implementation, the two spiral channels have the same flow area within the inlet pipe section 22.

[0034] Specifically, the inlet pipe section 22 is a diversion node for a single secondary flow to enter the secondary flow suction chamber 2. It is separated by a diversion baffle 5 so that the two spiral channels have the same flow area. This allows the secondary flow to be precisely and proportionally distributed in the initial stage of diversion, ensuring that the flow rate, initial velocity and pressure of the two fluids entering the two spiral channels are completely consistent. It also maintains the synchronization of the flow state throughout the subsequent mirror-symmetrical spiral channels, avoiding flow field turbulence caused by uneven initial diversion.

[0035] Among them, as attached Figure 5As shown, the inlet cross-sectional shape of the inlet pipe section 22 can be set to a rectangle, specifically a square or a rectangular shape, which can better adapt to the cross-sectional shape of the mainstream secondary flow conveying pipes in the application scenario. At the same time, the rectangular cross-section can make the secondary flow into the inlet pipe section 22 more evenly distributed, and can make the secondary flow form a uniform rectangular planar flow field at the inlet. The rectangular cross-section can also make the secondary flow evenly distributed along both sides of the flow divider 5, ensuring that the flow divider 5 can accurately and proportionally distribute the secondary flow to the two spiral flow channels. At the same time, the contact between the flow channel wall of the rectangular cross-section and the secondary flow is more uniform, which can weaken the impact effect when the secondary flow enters and reduce the flow energy loss at the inlet.

[0036] Further, see attached document. Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 5 In a specific implementation, a mixing chamber 6 is coaxially connected between the secondary flow suction chamber 2 and the mixing pipe 3; the diameter of the mixing chamber 6 gradually decreases from the inlet end to the outlet end.

[0037] Specifically, in the technical solution adopted in this invention, a coaxial transition cavity, namely a mixing chamber 6, is provided between the secondary flow suction chamber 2 and the mixing pipe 3. This mixing chamber 6 can complete the initial mixing of the primary and secondary flows. The mixing chamber 6 has a conical contraction structure, and its flow area is designed to gradually narrow along the fluid flow direction. The secondary flow uniformly sprayed circumferentially from the secondary flow suction chamber 2 and the primary flow sprayed from the tapered nozzle 11 complete the initial convergence at the inlet end of the mixing chamber 6. The contraction structure of the mixing chamber 6 from the inlet end to the outlet end can form an axial constraint on the fluids after the convergence, guiding the two fluids to flow in a contractionary manner along the central axis direction, avoiding circumferential diffusion and backflow of the fluids in the initial stage of mixing. The mixing chamber 6 reduces turbulent flow phenomena and, at the same time, its gradually narrowing design increases the mixing and collision frequency of the airflow, promoting thorough initial mixing of the primary and secondary flows before they enter the mixing tube 3. This lays a uniform flow field foundation for the subsequent deep mixing within the mixing tube 3. The mixing chamber 6 effectively eliminates dead zones in the flow field during the mixing process of the primary and secondary flows, further optimizing the flow field uniformity, reducing mixing energy loss, and improving the ejection coefficient and ejection capacity of the ejector. Furthermore, the axial constraint of the contracting mixing chamber 6 weakens the irregular impact on the cavity wall during fluid mixing, helps reduce radial force fluctuations, and improves the operational stability of the ejector device.

[0038] Further, see attached document. Figure 3 - Appendix Figure 5 In a specific implementation, the ejector device provided in this embodiment further includes: a guide ring 7, located in the secondary flow suction chamber 2, the guide ring 7 being coaxially disposed on the outside of the tapered nozzle 11 and partially located inside the mixing chamber 6; wherein, the diameter of the guide ring 7 gradually decreases from the inlet end to the outlet end.

[0039] Specifically, in the technical solution adopted in this invention, the guide ring 7 is coaxially disposed on the outside of the converging nozzle 11, with an annular space between it and the converging nozzle 11. The guide ring 7 extends into the interior of the mixing chamber 6, forming an overall conical guide structure. It serves as a connecting guide between the secondary flow intake chamber 2 and the mixing chamber 6, providing guidance for the mixing of the secondary and primary flows. In particular, it can provide circumferential and radial constraints and guidance for the secondary flow ejected from the two spiral channels, allowing it to flow smoothly into the mixing chamber 6 along the conical profile. This avoids smooth flow disturbances such as convergence and rotation at the junction of the secondary flow intake chamber 2 and the mixing chamber 6. It can also guide the secondary flow to form a uniform annular flow along the outside of the converging nozzle 11, achieving precise convergence with the high-speed ejected primary flow at the outlet of the guide ring 7, making the mixing cross-section of the two fluids more regular. At the same time, the design of the guide ring 7 extending into the mixing chamber 6 can extend the directional guidance of the secondary flow to the initial stage of mixing, and enhance the mixing effect in conjunction with the converging structure of the mixing chamber 6.

[0040] The guide ring 7 can be fixedly connected to adjacent components by connecting ribs, for example, it can be fixedly connected to the outer wall of the converging nozzle 11 and the inner wall of the mixing chamber 6 by using rib plates.

[0041] Further, see attached document. Figure 3 and attached Figure 5 In a specific implementation, in the direction of extension of the central axis of the tapering nozzle 11, the plane at the inlet end of the guide ring 7 is located at 1 / 2 position of the secondary flow suction chamber 2.

[0042] Specifically, the secondary flow is guided by the spiral channel within the secondary flow intake chamber 2. At the axial half-position of the secondary flow intake chamber 2, it has achieved initial circumferential uniform distribution and possesses initial axial kinetic energy to flow towards the mixing chamber 6. In the technical solution adopted in this invention, the inlet end of the guide ring 7, i.e., the end of the guide ring 7 closest to the secondary flow intake chamber 2, is positioned at the axial half-position of the secondary flow intake chamber 2. This allows for timely axial directional guidance at the node where the secondary flow has achieved circumferential uniform distribution and no flow turbulence has occurred. This ensures the secondary flow flows smoothly towards the mixing chamber 6 along the conical inner and outer walls of the guide ring 7, preventing the guide ring 7 from being positioned too far forward, interfering with the spiral uniform distribution process of the secondary flow, or from being positioned too far forward, causing backflow, swirling, or other flow field turbulence at the rear end of the secondary flow intake chamber 2. Simultaneously, this position allows the guide ring 7 to form a precise spatial fit with the circumferential outlets of the two spiral channels, ensuring that all the 360° circumferentially distributed secondary flow can enter the guidance range of the guide ring 7.

[0043] Further, see attached document. Figure 3 and attached Figure 5In a specific implementation, the plane at the outlet end of the guide ring 7 is located at 1 / 2 position of the mixing chamber 6 in the direction of extension of the central axis of the tapering nozzle 11.

[0044] Specifically, in the technical solution adopted in this invention, the outlet end of the guide ring 7, that is, the end of the guide ring 7 near the mixing chamber 6, is located at the 1 / 2 position of the axial direction of the mixing chamber 6. This ensures that the secondary flow will not lose its guidance and diffuse at the front end of the mixing chamber 6 due to excessive extension, nor will it interfere with the contraction mixing flow field of the mixing chamber 6 due to excessive extension. This allows the secondary flow guided by the guide ring 7 to accurately merge with the primary flow in the core mixing area of ​​the mixing chamber 6, avoiding backflow, swirling and other turbulent flow field phenomena at the rear end of the mixing chamber 6, and ensuring that the mixing process of the primary and secondary flows in the mixing chamber 6 is in an orderly contraction flow field throughout.

[0045] Further, see attached document. Figure 3 - Appendix Figure 5 In a specific implementation, the taper of the guide ring 7 is greater than the taper of the tapered nozzle 11, but less than the taper of the mixing chamber 6.

[0046] Specifically, in the technical solution adopted in this invention, a guide ring 7 is set as a conical transition structure connecting the converging nozzle 11 and the mixing chamber 6, achieving a high degree of adaptation between the flow trajectory of the primary and secondary flows and the degree of flow channel contraction, avoiding problems such as abrupt flow field changes and flow turbulence caused by taper mismatch. Specifically, the small taper design of the converging nozzle 11 is used to achieve smooth acceleration of the primary flow, ensuring that the high-pressure primary flow is jetted at a uniform speed along the axis; the large taper design of the mixing chamber 6 is used to form a strong axial constraint on the gas and fluid after confluence, improving the mixing and collision efficiency; while the taper of the guide ring 7 is between that of the primary and secondary flows. Between the two, it can adapt to the small taper jet trajectory of the tapered nozzle 11, guide the secondary flow to form a uniform annular wrapping flow field along the outside of the nozzle, and avoid the secondary flow from excessively converging towards the axis due to excessive taper, causing disturbance to the primary flow jet. It can also match the large taper contraction trend of the mixing chamber 6, allowing the secondary flow to smoothly contract towards the mixing chamber 6 with the taper of the guide ring 7, realizing a seamless transition from spiral flow to axial contraction mixing. At the same time, the stepped taper design makes the degree of flow channel contraction of each component change in a gradient, so that the fluid is always in a smooth flow field environment during the entire flow mixing process.

[0047] Further, see attached document. Figure 5 In a specific implementation, the diameter of the inlet end of the mixing chamber 6 is equal to the base circle diameter of the secondary flow suction chamber 2.

[0048] Specifically, the base circle diameter of the secondary flow suction chamber 2 is the inner diameter of the basic circular cavity of the secondary flow suction chamber 2 in the volute structure. In the technical solution adopted in this invention, the diameter of the inlet end of the mixing chamber 6 is equal to the base circle diameter of the secondary flow suction chamber 2, so that the secondary flow suction chamber 2 and the mixing chamber 6 can achieve a stepless and smooth transition connection. This allows the secondary flow flowing out of the suction chamber to smoothly enter the mixing chamber 6 along the straight wall, avoiding fluid flow around, vortex and energy loss caused by the step formed by the sudden change in diameter. This ensures the energy utilization efficiency and ejection coefficient of the ejector. At the same time, the smooth transition structure can reduce the local impact of the fluid on the connection position, reduce component wear, extend the service life of the equipment and improve operational reliability. Example 2

[0049] Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a solid oxide fuel cell, which includes the ejector device described above.

[0050] Specifically, the solid oxide fuel cell provided in this embodiment uses the ejector device described above, which includes a single volute-type secondary flow intake chamber 2 structure, applied in the anode gas circulation loop of the solid oxide fuel cell. The ejector device's tapered nozzle 11 accelerates the primary flow to form a negative pressure, drawing in the anode exhaust gas as a secondary flow. Through the volute structure, symmetrical spiral flow channels, and circumferential complementary outlets, a 360° uniform jet of the secondary flow is achieved, mixing it annularly with the primary flow. Simultaneously, it counteracts asymmetric radial forces. This solves the problems of uneven circumferential flow and radial force imbalance in traditional ejectors, improving ejection efficiency and operational stability. It also efficiently completes the circulation, pressurization, and mixing of the fuel cell anode gas, recovering unreacted fuel, heat, and water vapor from the anode exhaust gas, improving fuel utilization, avoiding carbon buildup inside the fuel cell, extending the fuel cell's lifespan, and enhancing the overall performance and operational reliability of the solid oxide fuel cell system.

[0051] It should be noted that in the description of this specification, the terms "upper," "lower," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention; the terms "connection," "installation," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0052] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiment," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0053] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An ejector device, characterized in that, include: A primary flow inlet pipe, a secondary flow suction chamber, a mixing pipe, and a diffuser pipe are arranged coaxially along the axis and connected in sequence. The secondary flow suction chamber has a volute structure and is sleeved on the outside of the tapered nozzle at the outlet end of the primary flow inlet pipe. The secondary flow intake chamber includes a main body and an inlet pipe section. The inlet pipe section is connected to the main body, and the connection between the two forms a volute. A flow divider is provided in the secondary flow intake chamber. The flow divider extends from the inlet pipe section to the main body, and the extension outline of the flow divider is consistent with the volute profile of the secondary flow intake chamber and its corresponding part. The two air outlets of the two spiral flow channels formed by the flow divider have complementary circumferential coverage within the main body.

2. The ejector device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow divider includes a first end and a second end in its extending direction. The first end is located inside the inlet pipe section, and the second end is located inside the main body. The line connecting the second end and the volute tongue passes through the central axis of the converging nozzle.

3. The ejector device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The two spiral channels have the same flow area within the inlet pipe section.

4. The ejector device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The secondary flow inhalation chamber and the mixing tube are coaxially connected by a mixing chamber. The diameter of the mixing chamber gradually decreases from the inlet end to the outlet end.

5. The ejector device according to claim 4, characterized in that, Also includes: A flow guide ring is located in the secondary flow suction chamber. The flow guide ring is coaxially disposed on the outside of the tapered nozzle and partially located inside the mixing chamber. The diameter of the guide ring gradually decreases from the inlet end to the outlet end.

6. The ejector device according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the direction extending from the central axis of the converging nozzle, the plane containing the inlet end of the guide ring is located at 1 / 2 of the secondary flow suction chamber.

7. The ejector device according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the direction extending from the central axis of the converging nozzle, the plane containing the outlet end of the guide ring is located at the 1 / 2 position of the mixing chamber.

8. The ejector device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The taper of the guide ring is greater than that of the tapered nozzle, but less than that of the mixing chamber.

9. The ejector device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet cross-section of the inlet pipe section of the secondary flow suction chamber is rectangular.

10. The ejector device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the inlet end of the mixing chamber is equal to the base circle diameter of the secondary flow intake chamber.

11. A solid oxide fuel cell, characterized in that, include: The ejector device as described in any one of claims 1-10.

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