Multi-source data fusion battery pack thermal runaway fire control method and system

Abstract

The application relates to a multi-source data fusion battery pack thermal runaway fire control method and system, and relates to the technical field of battery packs, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a battery number and a battery temperature corresponding to the battery number; when the battery temperature is greater than a preset thermal runaway temperature, defining the battery number corresponding to the battery temperature as a thermal runaway number; acquiring a real-time temperature corresponding to the thermal runaway number; when the real-time temperature is greater than a preset ignition temperature, accumulating an ignition time; and when the ignition time is greater than a preset time threshold, controlling an atomizing nozzle to spray the battery corresponding to the thermal runaway number according to a preset spraying mode. The application has the effect of improving the fire control efficiency of the battery pack in a thermal runaway scene.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery pack technology, and in particular to a method and system for fire-fighting thermal runaway of a multi-source data fusion battery pack. Background Technology

[0002] The battery pack is a core energy storage component in new energy vehicles and large-scale energy storage systems. It is a complex system integrating electrochemistry, thermal management, structural safety, and intelligent control. Internally, it consists of several cells connected in precise series and parallel, and the battery management system (BMS) monitors operating parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature in real time to ensure efficient and safe operation of the system.

[0003] In related technologies, the safety protection system of battery packs mainly revolves around mechanical protection and thermal runaway early warning. Among them, thermal runaway early warning and fire fighting are key links to ensure the safety of battery packs. Existing technologies mostly use devices such as smoke sensors to achieve preliminary monitoring of abnormal states of battery packs, and then combine them with fire extinguishing media spraying, cooling and heat dissipation and other means to complete emergency response.

[0004] Regarding the aforementioned technologies, current battery pack fire suppression systems on the market rely on a single criterion for judging thermal runaway. When a battery pack catches fire, they only use smoke as the basis for judgment. However, the source of the smoke cannot be determined from the battery, and it is impossible to conduct targeted detection of abnormal batteries within the battery pack. As a result, fire suppression can only be carried out on the entire battery pack, leading to low fire suppression efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To improve the fire control efficiency of battery packs in thermal runaway scenarios, this invention provides a multi-source data fusion battery pack thermal runaway fire control method and system.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a multi-source data fusion battery pack thermal runaway fire control method, which adopts the following technical solution: A multi-source data fusion battery pack thermal runaway fire control method includes: Step S1: Obtain the battery number and the corresponding battery temperature; Step S2: When the battery temperature is higher than the preset thermal runaway temperature, the battery number corresponding to the battery temperature is defined as the thermal runaway number; Step S3: Obtain the real-time temperature corresponding to the thermal runaway number; Step S4: When the real-time temperature is greater than the preset ignition temperature, accumulate the ignition time; Step S5: When the ignition time is greater than the preset time threshold, control the atomizing nozzle to spray the battery corresponding to the thermal runaway number according to the preset spraying mode.

[0007] By employing the above technical solution, this invention, through acquiring the battery number and its corresponding battery temperature, can quickly locate abnormal batteries when the battery temperature exceeds a preset thermal runaway temperature, and define its number as a thermal runaway number. Subsequently, the system continuously acquires the real-time temperature corresponding to this thermal runaway number. Once the real-time temperature exceeds a preset ignition temperature, it begins to accumulate the ignition time. When the ignition time exceeds a preset time threshold, the system immediately controls the atomizing nozzle to spray the battery corresponding to the thermal runaway number to rapidly reduce the battery temperature and prevent the fire from spreading. This process achieves accurate location and rapid fire suppression of abnormal batteries within the battery pack, greatly improving firefighting efficiency.

[0008] Optionally, when the ignition time exceeds a preset time threshold, the method for controlling the atomizing nozzle to spray the battery corresponding to the thermal runaway number according to a preset spray pattern includes: Step S50: When the ignition time is greater than the preset time threshold, accumulate and read the number of ignitions corresponding to the thermal runaway number; Step S51: When the number of fires has been ignited is greater than or equal to 2, calculate the temperature difference ratio based on the real-time temperature and the ignition temperature; Step S52: Find the spray dosage and spray time for the spray pattern; Step S53: When the temperature difference ratio is less than the preset minimum ratio threshold, calculate the minimum enhanced spray dose and minimum enhanced spray time based on the minimum ratio threshold, spray dose and spray time; Step S54: Adjust the spray pattern based on the minimum enhanced spray dose and the minimum enhanced spray time to obtain the minimum enhanced spray pattern; Step S55: Control the atomizing nozzle to spray the battery corresponding to the thermal runaway number according to the lowest enhanced spray mode; Step S56: When the temperature difference ratio is greater than the minimum ratio threshold, calculate the enhanced spray dose and enhanced spray time based on the temperature difference ratio, spray dose and spray time; Step S57: Adjust the spray pattern based on the enhanced spray dosage and enhanced spray time to obtain the enhanced spray pattern; Step S58: Control the atomizing nozzle to spray the battery corresponding to the thermal runaway number in the enhanced spray mode.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, this invention further considers the impact of the number of fires on the spray pattern when the ignition time exceeds a preset threshold. When the number of fires reaches or exceeds two, the system intelligently adjusts the spray dosage and spray time based on the temperature difference ratio between the real-time temperature and the ignition temperature. If the temperature difference ratio is small, it indicates that the current spray effect may be insufficient, and the system will calculate and apply the lowest enhanced spray mode to enhance the fire extinguishing effect; conversely, if the temperature difference ratio is large, the system will calculate and apply the enhanced spray mode to reduce the battery temperature more quickly.

[0010] Optional, also includes: Step S6: When there are multiple thermal runaway numbers, generate the corresponding real-time temperature curve based on the real-time temperature of each thermal runaway number; Step S7: Determine the estimated ignition time based on the real-time temperature curve and ignition temperature; Step S8: When the expected ignition time corresponding to each thermal runaway number is the same, obtain the spray area based on each thermal runaway number and the preset layout scheme; Step S9: Analyze the area to be sprayed to obtain the spray center point; Step S10: Calculate the optimal spray nozzle diameter based on the area to be sprayed and the center point of the spray; Step S11: Adjust the spray pattern based on the spray center point and the optimized spray nozzle diameter to obtain the optimized spray pattern; Step S12: Control the atomizing nozzle to spray according to the optimized spray mode.

[0011] By employing the above technical solution, when faced with multiple thermal runaway numbers, the system can generate real-time temperature curves based on the real-time temperatures of each thermal runaway number, and predict the estimated ignition time accordingly. When the estimated ignition times of multiple thermal runaway numbers are the same, the system will determine the area to be sprayed based on a preset layout scheme, and further analyze to obtain the spray center point. Subsequently, the system will calculate the optimized spray nozzle diameter based on the area to be sprayed and the spray center point, and then adjust the spray mode to obtain the optimized spray mode. Finally, the system controls the atomizing nozzle to spray according to this optimized spray mode, thereby simultaneously spraying and cooling the batteries corresponding to multiple thermal runaway numbers.

[0012] Optionally, methods for analyzing the spray area to obtain the spray center point include: Step S90: Analyze the area to be sprayed to obtain the area shape; Step S91: Match the region shape with the regular shapes in the preset regular shape database; Step S92: When the area shape and the regular shape are successfully matched, the center point corresponding to the regular shape is taken as the spray center point; Step S93: When the region shape cannot be successfully matched with the regular shape, the region shape is completed to the smallest circumscribed rectangle, and the center point of the smallest circumscribed rectangle is used as the spray center point.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the shape of the region is compared and matched with various regular shapes in the preset regular shape database. If the shape of the region successfully matches a certain regular shape in the database, the system directly determines the center point of the regular shape as the spray center point. If the shape of the region cannot be matched with any regular shape, the system will adopt a completion strategy, that is, complete the shape of the region to its smallest circumscribed rectangle, and take the center point of this smallest circumscribed rectangle as the spray center point. This ensures that no matter how complex the shape of the area to be sprayed is, the system can accurately find a suitable spray center point, thereby simultaneously spraying and cooling the batteries corresponding to multiple thermal runaway numbers.

[0014] Optionally, methods for completing the region shape to the minimum circumscribed rectangle include: Step S930: Analyze the shape of the region to obtain the farthest horizontal and vertical points; Step S931: Obtain the maximum horizontal span and the maximum vertical span based on the farthest horizontal and vertical points; Step S932: Complete the region shape based on the maximum horizontal span and the maximum vertical span to obtain the minimum circumscribed rectangle.

[0015] By employing the above technical solution, the farthest points in the horizontal and vertical directions are identified. Based on these two farthest points, the maximum span in the horizontal direction and the maximum span in the vertical direction of the region are calculated, and the area to be sprayed is completed by expanding it into a minimum circumscribed rectangle.

[0016] Optional, also includes: Step S13: When the expected ignition time corresponding to each thermal runaway number is different, sort the thermal runaway numbers according to the expected ignition time corresponding to each thermal runaway number to obtain the number sorting combination; Step S14: Adjust the spray pattern based on the numbering and sorting combination, and control the atomizing nozzle to spray the batteries corresponding to each thermal runaway number according to the adjusted spray pattern.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, when there are differences in the expected ignition time corresponding to each thermal runaway number, the system will sort the thermal runaway numbers according to these expected ignition times, generate a number sorting combination, and spray the batteries corresponding to each thermal runaway number in sequence according to the number sorting combination.

[0018] Optional, also includes: Step S15: Obtain the pressure change rate curve corresponding to the thermal runaway number; Step S16: Assess the pressure risk value based on the pressure change rate curve and the preset thermal runaway evolution model; Step S17: When the pressure risk value is greater than the preset risk assessment threshold, obtain the pressure distribution range; Step S18: Adjust the spray pattern based on the pressure distribution range to obtain a suitable spray pattern; Step S19: Control the atomizing nozzle to spray according to the designated spray mode.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, analyzing the pressure change rate curve, and combining it with the thermal runaway evolution model to assess the current pressure risk value, the danger level of the thermal runaway battery can be more comprehensively judged. When the pressure risk value exceeds the preset risk assessment threshold, the system will obtain the corresponding pressure distribution range, and adjust the spray mode accordingly based on the pressure distribution range to obtain a suitable spray mode. Finally, the atomizing nozzles will be controlled to spray according to the suitable spray mode, further improving the adaptability and effectiveness of fire fighting.

[0020] Optional, also includes: Step S20: When the overpressure ratio is greater than 50%, obtain the overpressure time; Step S21: When the overpressure time exceeds the preset overpressure threshold time, control the battery corresponding to the thermal runaway number to open the vent valve to release pressure.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, when the overpressure ratio exceeds 50%, the duration of overpressure is further obtained. When this duration exceeds the preset overpressure threshold time, the battery corresponding to the thermal runaway number is controlled to open the vent valve to release pressure, thereby rapidly reducing the internal pressure of the battery pack and effectively preventing serious consequences such as battery rupture and explosion caused by excessive pressure, thereby further improving the safety performance of the battery pack.

[0022] Optional, also includes: Step S22: Obtain the cooling temperature curve corresponding to the thermal runaway number after spraying; Step S23: Analyze the cooling temperature curve to obtain the real-time temperature change rate; Step S24: When the real-time temperature change rate is greater than 0, output an effective cooling signal.

[0023] By employing the above technical solution, the temperature of the battery corresponding to the thermal runaway number is monitored after spraying, and its cooling temperature curve and real-time temperature change rate are obtained. Once a value greater than 0 is found in the real-time temperature change rate, it indicates that the cooling effect of the spray is effective, and an effective cooling signal is output.

[0024] Secondly, this invention provides a multi-source data fusion battery pack thermal runaway fire control system, which adopts the following technical solution: A multi-source data fusion battery pack thermal runaway fire control system includes: The acquisition module is used to obtain the battery number and battery temperature; A memory for storing a program for a multi-source data fusion battery pack thermal runaway fire control method as described above; The processor loads and executes programs from memory.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the acquisition module can obtain the serial number and corresponding temperature of each battery in the battery pack in real time, providing basic data support for subsequent fire control. The memory is responsible for storing the program of the battery pack fire control method described in detail above, ensuring that the system can operate according to the established process and rules. The processor, as the core of the system, loads and executes the program in the memory, processes and analyzes the acquired data, and triggers corresponding control commands according to different conditions, such as controlling the atomizing nozzles to spray and controlling the batteries to open the exhaust valves, thereby achieving precise control of battery pack fire protection and improving the safety and fire protection efficiency of the battery pack.

[0026] In summary, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. By monitoring the real-time correlation between battery number and temperature, abnormal battery cells can be accurately identified in the early stages of thermal runaway, thus improving fire extinguishing efficiency; 2. For battery cells that repeatedly catch fire or have abnormal temperature rise rates, the system can automatically calculate and enhance the spray dosage and time, achieving dynamic matching of fire intensity and effectively responding to thermal runaway scenarios of varying severity. 3. When multiple battery cells simultaneously pose a risk of thermal runaway, the system can predict the ignition time and plan a spray strategy by analyzing temperature curves. This enables a single spray to cover multiple targets, improving firefighting efficiency in scenarios with multiple concurrent fault points. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a multi-source data fusion battery pack thermal runaway fire control method according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of analyzing the area to be sprayed to obtain the center point of the spray in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of completing the region shape to the smallest circumscribed rectangle in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] This invention discloses a multi-source data fusion battery pack thermal runaway fire control method. (Refer to...) Figure 1 A multi-source data fusion battery pack thermal runaway fire control method includes: Step S1: Obtain the battery number and the corresponding battery temperature.

[0030] A battery number is a unique identifier for each battery cell (a single battery cell in the battery pack) within the battery pack, such as battery cell number 1, battery cell number 2, battery cell number 3, etc. Battery numbers are obtained by pre-assigning a unique number to each battery cell and entering it into the system.

[0031] Battery temperature refers to the temperature of the battery cell corresponding to the battery number. Battery temperature is obtained by collecting data from a temperature sensor installed in the battery cell.

[0032] Step S2: When the battery temperature is higher than the preset thermal runaway temperature, the battery number corresponding to that temperature is defined as the thermal runaway number.

[0033] Thermal runaway temperature refers to a pre-set temperature value set by the operators. When the temperature of a battery cell reaches this temperature, thermal runaway will occur (thermal runaway refers to the uncontrolled chemical reaction inside the battery, generating a large amount of heat and gas, causing the battery temperature to rise rapidly, potentially leading to dangerous situations such as fire or explosion). The battery temperature will continue to rise uncontrollably. The thermal runaway temperature is determined by operators based on the chemical characteristics of the battery cell and safety standards, through extensive experimental data and experience.

[0034] The thermal runaway number is an identification code corresponding to the battery that experienced thermal runaway. The battery number of this battery cell is defined as the thermal runaway number. The thermal runaway number is obtained by the system receiving the battery temperature data corresponding to each battery number in real time. When the battery temperature is detected to be higher than the thermal runaway temperature, the system automatically triggers the identification rules and marks the battery number as the thermal runaway number.

[0035] Step S3: Obtain the real-time temperature corresponding to the thermal runaway number.

[0036] Real-time temperature refers to the real-time temperature of the battery cell corresponding to the thermal runaway number, used for real-time monitoring of the status information of the battery cell that has experienced thermal runaway. Real-time temperature is obtained through temperature sensors installed on the battery cell.

[0037] Step S4: When the real-time temperature is greater than the preset ignition temperature, accumulate the ignition time.

[0038] Ignition temperature refers to the critical temperature value used to determine whether a battery has transitioned from a thermal runaway state to a fire state. It represents the temperature standard at which a battery cell ignites. The ignition temperature is determined by staff through multiple experiments based on the material characteristics, chemical reaction characteristics, and safety regulations of the battery cell.

[0039] The ignition time refers to the time after the battery cell catches fire. For example, if the battery cell reaches the ignition temperature 30 seconds after it does, then the ignition time is 30 seconds. The ignition time is accumulated using a built-in system timer, which automatically starts timing when the real-time temperature exceeds the ignition temperature.

[0040] Step S5: When the ignition time is greater than the preset time threshold, control the atomizing nozzle to spray the battery corresponding to the thermal runaway number according to the preset spraying mode.

[0041] The time threshold is a standard value used to determine whether a battery fire has reached the point where spray fire suppression is required. The time threshold is determined by staff based on the combustion characteristics of the battery cell, safety requirements for fire suppression, and data from multiple experiments. For example, if the time threshold is 30 seconds, and the fire time exceeds 30 seconds, the atomizing nozzle will spray the battery corresponding to the thermal runaway number according to a preset spray pattern.

[0042] The spray pattern refers to the spraying scheme adopted for the battery cell corresponding to the thermal runaway number, including parameters such as spray dosage, spray time, and spray location. The spray pattern is obtained by the staff through a comprehensive judgment based on factors such as the battery cell specifications, ignition temperature, and fire safety standards, through the results of multiple experiments, and is pre-set and stored in the system.

[0043] If the fire time exceeds the preset time threshold, it indicates that the battery unit fire has lasted for a period of time and has reached the standard for spray fire suppression. Therefore, it is necessary to spray the burning battery unit to reduce safety hazards.

[0044] Among them, the method of controlling the atomizing nozzle to spray the battery corresponding to the thermal runaway number according to the preset spray pattern when the ignition time is greater than the preset time threshold includes: Step S50: When the ignition time is greater than the preset time threshold, accumulate and read the number of ignitions corresponding to the thermal runaway number.

[0045] The number of fires refers to the number of times the battery cell corresponding to the thermal runaway number has caught fire. For example, if a battery cell catches fire for the first time when the time exceeds the time threshold, then the number of fires corresponding to that thermal runaway number is 1. If the battery cell corresponding to that thermal runaway number catches fire for the second time when the time exceeds the time threshold, then the number of fires corresponding to that thermal runaway number is 2.

[0046] Step S51: When the number of fires is greater than or equal to 2, calculate the temperature difference ratio based on the real-time temperature and the fire temperature.

[0047] The temperature difference ratio is the ratio of the real-time temperature to the ignition temperature. It represents the severity of the battery cell fire; a higher temperature difference ratio indicates a more severe fire. The temperature difference ratio is calculated by dividing the real-time temperature by the ignition temperature. For example, if the real-time temperature is 1800 degrees Celsius and the ignition temperature is 1200 degrees Celsius, then the temperature difference ratio is 1.5, which is 1800 divided by 1200.

[0048] Step S52: Find the spray dosage and spray time for the spray pattern.

[0049] Spray dosage refers to the amount of extinguishing medium used when spraying the battery unit corresponding to the thermal runaway number, and its amount directly affects the fire-fighting effect.

[0050] The spray dosage is preset in the spray mode by the staff based on factors such as the specifications of the battery unit, fire safety standards, and data from multiple experiments. The system can obtain the relevant spray dosage data by searching the spray mode.

[0051] Spray time refers to the duration of spraying the battery cell corresponding to the thermal runaway number. The spray time is determined and preset in the spray mode by the staff based on the combustion characteristics of the battery cell, the requirements for fire fighting effect, and multiple experimental data. The system can obtain the corresponding spray time data by looking up the spray mode.

[0052] Step S53: When the temperature difference ratio is less than the preset minimum ratio threshold, calculate the minimum enhanced spray dose and minimum enhanced spray time based on the minimum ratio threshold, spray dose and spray time.

[0053] The minimum ratio threshold refers to the minimum ratio between the preset real-time temperature and the ignition temperature, such as 1.2. The minimum ratio threshold is obtained by the operator in advance based on the performance parameters of the atomizing nozzle.

[0054] The minimum enhanced spray dose refers to the spray dose after adjusting the spray dose according to the minimum ratio threshold. For example, if the initial spray dose is 10 units and the minimum ratio threshold is 1.2, then the minimum enhanced spray dose is 12 units.

[0055] The minimum enhanced spray time refers to the spray time after adjusting the spray time according to the minimum ratio threshold. For example, if the initial spray time is 180 seconds and the minimum ratio threshold is 1.2, then the minimum enhanced spray time is 216 seconds.

[0056] When the temperature difference ratio is less than the preset minimum ratio threshold, it means that the fire is not so serious under the circumstances. However, the number of fires is greater than or equal to 2, indicating that the battery unit still reignited after being sprayed using the initial spray mode. This means that the initial spray mode cannot solve the fire protection problem of the battery unit. In order to ensure the fire protection effect, the spray dosage and spray time need to be appropriately strengthened to reduce the possibility of the battery unit reigniting.

[0057] Step S54: Adjust the spray pattern based on the minimum enhanced spray dose and the minimum enhanced spray time to obtain the minimum enhanced spray pattern.

[0058] The minimum enhanced spray pattern refers to a new spray pattern formed by specifically enhancing and adjusting the initial spray pattern based on the minimum enhanced spray dose and minimum enhanced spray time.

[0059] The minimum enhanced spray mode is obtained by replacing the corresponding parameters in the original spray mode with the calculated minimum enhanced spray dose and minimum enhanced spray time. For example, if the initial spray mode has a spray dose of 10 units and the minimum enhanced spray dose is 12 units, then the spray dose of the minimum enhanced spray mode is 12 units. Similarly, if the initial spray mode has a spray time of 180 seconds and the minimum enhanced spray time is 216 seconds, then the spray time of the minimum enhanced spray mode is 216 seconds.

[0060] Step S55: Control the atomizing nozzle to spray the battery corresponding to the thermal runaway number in the lowest enhanced spray mode.

[0061] The atomizing nozzle is controlled to spray the battery corresponding to the thermal runaway number in the lowest enhanced spray mode, thereby reducing the risk of battery cell reignition.

[0062] Step S56: When the temperature difference ratio is greater than the minimum ratio threshold, calculate the enhanced spray dose and enhanced spray time based on the temperature difference ratio, spray dose and spray time.

[0063] Enhanced spray dosage refers to the spray dosage after adjusting the spray dosage according to the temperature difference ratio. Taking a simple numerical example, if the initial spray dosage is 10 (for ease of understanding, only numbers are used as a simple example without units) and the temperature difference ratio is 1.4, then the minimum enhanced spray dosage is 14 units.

[0064] Enhanced spray time refers to the spray time after adjusting the spray time according to the temperature difference ratio. Taking a simple example, if the initial spray time is 180 seconds and the temperature difference ratio is 1.4, then the enhanced spray time is 252 seconds.

[0065] When the temperature difference ratio is greater than the minimum ratio threshold, it means that the fire is more serious. At this time, it is necessary to further strengthen the initial spray pattern according to the temperature difference ratio in order to control the fire more effectively.

[0066] Step S57: Adjust the spray pattern based on the enhanced spray dosage and enhanced spray time to obtain the enhanced spray pattern.

[0067] Enhanced spray mode refers to a new spray mode formed by specifically enhancing and adjusting the initial spray mode based on enhanced spray dosage and enhanced spray time.

[0068] The enhanced spray mode is obtained by replacing the corresponding parameters in the original spray mode with the calculated enhanced spray dose and enhanced spray time. For example, if the initial spray dose is 10 and the enhanced spray dose is 14, then the enhanced spray mode will have a spray dose of 14. Similarly, if the initial spray mode has a spray time of 180 seconds and the enhanced spray time is 252 seconds, then the enhanced spray mode will have a spray time of 252 seconds.

[0069] Step S58: Control the atomizing nozzle to spray the battery corresponding to the thermal runaway number in the enhanced spray mode.

[0070] By controlling the atomizing nozzle to spray the battery corresponding to the thermal runaway number in an enhanced spray mode, the fire can be controlled more quickly and effectively, reducing the possibility of the battery cell reigniting and lowering the battery cell temperature more effectively, thereby reducing safety hazards.

[0071] This also includes: Step S6: When there are multiple thermal runaway numbers, generate the corresponding real-time temperature curve based on the real-time temperature of each thermal runaway number.

[0072] A real-time temperature curve is a curve plotted with time on the horizontal axis and the real-time temperature of the battery cell corresponding to each thermal runaway number on the vertical axis. The real-time temperature curve allows for a direct and clear observation of the temperature change trend of each battery cell that experienced thermal runaway.

[0073] The real-time temperature curve is obtained by the system receiving real-time temperature data of the battery cells corresponding to each thermal runaway number in real time, recording these temperature data in chronological order, and automatically plotting the corresponding real-time temperature curve using a plotting tool with time as the horizontal axis and real-time temperature as the vertical axis.

[0074] Step S7: Determine the estimated ignition time based on the real-time temperature curve and ignition temperature.

[0075] The estimated ignition time refers to the expected time point when a battery cell will ignite during thermal runaway. The estimated ignition time is determined by fitting and predicting the real-time temperature curve based on its trend. When the fitted prediction indicates that the temperature at a certain point on the real-time temperature curve reaches the ignition temperature, the system determines the estimated ignition time based on the time corresponding to that point.

[0076] Step S8: When the expected ignition time corresponding to each thermal runaway number is the same, the spray area is obtained based on each thermal runaway number and the preset layout scheme.

[0077] A layout plan refers to the arrangement and configuration of battery cells within a battery pack. The layout plan is pre-determined by staff based on factors such as the battery pack's design requirements, space utilization efficiency, and heat dissipation needs.

[0078] The area to be sprayed refers to the area of ​​the battery cells that require spray cooling when there are multiple thermal runaway numbers and the expected ignition time for each thermal runaway number is the same. The area to be sprayed is obtained by the system determining the specific location of the battery cells corresponding to each thermal runaway number in the battery pack based on the thermal runaway number and the layout scheme, and then defining the area covered by these locations as the area to be sprayed.

[0079] Step S9: Analyze the area to be sprayed to obtain the spray center point.

[0080] The spray center point refers to a central location determined after analyzing the area to be sprayed. This point serves as the center point for the spray operation, ensuring that the extinguishing medium covers the entire area in an optimal manner. The method for obtaining the spray center point is described in detail in steps S90 to S93 and steps S930 to S932, and will not be repeated here.

[0081] Step S10: Calculate the optimal spray nozzle diameter based on the area to be sprayed and the center point of the spray.

[0082] Optimized spray nozzle diameter refers to the determined diameter of the atomizing nozzle used to spray the area in order to achieve efficient and uniform spray coverage. The optimized spray nozzle diameter is obtained by calculating it based on parameters such as the area to be sprayed, the location of the spray center point, and the spray angle, using a pre-inputted spray nozzle diameter algorithm (the algorithm is derived by measuring the vertical distance between the atomizing nozzle and the battery unit, and then combining the spray angle, vertical distance, and other parameters with a formula related to a cone).

[0083] Step S11: Adjust the spray pattern based on the spray center point and the optimized spray nozzle diameter to obtain an optimized spray pattern.

[0084] Optimized spray pattern refers to a new spray pattern formed by adjusting the initial spray pattern based on the spray center point and optimized spray nozzle diameter.

[0085] The optimized spray pattern is obtained by replacing the spray position (the spray position refers to the position where a single battery cell is sprayed in the original spray pattern, which is obtained by the staff inputting different spray positions according to the position of each battery cell) and the spray diameter (the spray diameter refers to the size of the nozzle in the original spray pattern, which is preset by the staff according to the specifications of the battery cell, fire protection requirements and other factors) with the spray center point and optimized spray diameter.

[0086] Step S12: Control the atomizing nozzle to spray according to the optimized spray mode.

[0087] By controlling the atomizing nozzles to spray according to the optimized spray pattern, it is possible to ensure that the extinguishing medium covers the entire area to be sprayed in the most optimized way, thereby improving the fire protection effect.

[0088] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 Methods for analyzing the spray area to obtain the spray center point include: Step S90: Analyze the area to be sprayed to obtain the area shape.

[0089] The shape of a region refers to its geometric shape on a plane, such as a rectangle or an irregular polygon. The region shape is obtained by the system using image recognition technology to identify and determine the boundaries of the region to be sprayed, and then analyzing this to derive its specific shape.

[0090] Step S91: Match the region shape with the regular shapes in the preset regular shape database.

[0091] A regular shape database refers to a database that pre-stores various common regular shapes (such as rectangles, circles, triangles, trapezoids, etc.). The database is created by staff organizing and storing relevant data (such as side lengths, angles, symmetry, etc.) of various regular shapes based on common geometric characteristics.

[0092] Shapes refer to predefined shapes with clear geometric features and mathematical descriptions in the database, such as rectangles, circles, and triangles. The system will match the identified shapes of the area to be sprayed with the shapes in the regular shape database one by one.

[0093] Step S92: When the area shape and the regular shape are successfully matched, the center point corresponding to the regular shape is taken as the spray center point.

[0094] When a region shape and a regular shape successfully match, it means that the shape of the area to be sprayed is the same as a certain regular shape in the database. At this time, the geometric characteristics of the regular shape can be directly used to determine the spray center point. For example, if the shape of the area to be sprayed successfully matches a rectangle, the spray center point can be set as the geometric center point of the rectangle.

[0095] Step S93: When the region shape cannot be successfully matched with the regular shape, the region shape is completed to the smallest circumscribed rectangle, and the center point of the smallest circumscribed rectangle is used as the spray center point.

[0096] When the shape of the area cannot be matched with a regular shape, it means that the shape of the area to be sprayed is not the same as a certain regular shape in the database, and the geometric center point of the regular shape cannot be directly used as the spray center point.

[0097] like Figure 3 As shown, the minimum circumscribed rectangle refers to the rectangle that can completely enclose the area to be sprayed and has the smallest area. The method for obtaining the minimum circumscribed rectangle is described in detail in steps S930 to S932, and will not be repeated here.

[0098] Reference Figure 3 Methods for completing the shape of a region to the smallest circumscribed rectangle include: Step S930: Analyze the shape of the region to obtain the farthest horizontal and vertical points.

[0099] by Figure 3 For example, the farthest horizontal point refers to the two points that are farthest apart on the horizontal line in the shape of the area. The farthest horizontal point is obtained by the system analyzing the boundary of the area to be sprayed and finding the two points that are farthest apart in the horizontal direction. These two points are the farthest horizontal points.

[0100] The vertical farthest points refer to the two farthest points on the vertical line in the shape of the area. The method of obtaining them is similar to that of the horizontal farthest points. The system analyzes the boundary of the area to be sprayed and finds the two points that are the farthest apart in the vertical direction, which are the vertical farthest points.

[0101] Step S931: Obtain the maximum horizontal span and the maximum vertical span based on the horizontal farthest points and the vertical farthest points.

[0102] Take Figure 3 as an example. The maximum horizontal span refers to the horizontal distance between the horizontal farthest points, and it reflects the maximum extension range of the area to be sprayed in the horizontal direction. The method of obtaining the maximum horizontal span is that the system calculates the coordinate difference between the horizontal farthest points to obtain the specific value of the maximum horizontal span.

[0103] The maximum vertical span refers to the vertical distance between the vertical farthest points, and it reflects the maximum extension range of the area to be sprayed in the vertical direction. The method of obtaining the maximum vertical span is that the system calculates the coordinate difference between the vertical farthest points to obtain the specific value of the maximum vertical span.

[0104] Step S932: Complete the shape of the area based on the maximum horizontal span and the maximum vertical span to obtain the minimum bounding rectangle.

[0105] Take Figure 3 as an example. The method of completing the minimum bounding rectangle is to use the maximum horizontal span and the maximum vertical span as the two long sides of the minimum bounding rectangle to complete the minimum bounding rectangle.

[0106] Among them, it also includes: Step S13: When the predicted ignition times corresponding to each thermal runaway number are different, sort the thermal runaway numbers based on the predicted ignition times corresponding to each thermal runaway number to obtain a sorted number combination.

[0107] The sorted number combination refers to an ordered combination formed by arranging the thermal runaway numbers according to the order of the predicted ignition times corresponding to each thermal runaway number. The method of obtaining the sorted number combination is that the system arranges each thermal runaway number in ascending order of the predicted ignition time to obtain the sorted number combination. For example, if there are three thermal runaway numbers A, B, and C, and their predicted ignition times are t1, t2, and t3 respectively, and t1 < t2 < t3, then the sorted number combination is A, B, C.

[0108] Step S14: Adjust the spray pattern based on the sorted number combination, and control the atomizing nozzles to spray the batteries corresponding to each thermal runaway number according to the adjusted spray pattern.

[0109] When adjusting the spray pattern based on the numbering order, the system will spray the battery cells corresponding to each thermal runaway number according to the spray pattern, thereby ensuring that the battery cell with the earliest expected ignition time receives the spray treatment first, and then spray the other battery cells in sequence.

[0110] This also includes: Step S15: Obtain the pressure change rate curve corresponding to the thermal runaway number.

[0111] The pressure change rate curve is a curve plotted with time on the horizontal axis and the pressure change rate of the battery cell corresponding to the thermal runaway number on the vertical axis. The pressure change rate curve intuitively and clearly reflects the pressure change of the battery cell over time during thermal runaway. The pressure change rate curve is obtained by the system receiving pressure data from the battery cell corresponding to the thermal runaway number in real time, calculating the ratio of the pressure difference between adjacent moments to the time interval, obtaining the pressure change rate, and then recording these pressure change rate data in chronological order. The curve is then automatically plotted using a plotting tool with time on the horizontal axis and the pressure change rate on the vertical axis.

[0112] Step S16: Assess the pressure risk value based on the pressure change rate curve and the preset thermal runaway evolution model.

[0113] A thermal runaway evolution model is a model used to describe the relationship between pressure changes and the degree of risk during battery thermal runaway. The thermal runaway evolution model is formed by researchers obtaining pressure change rate characteristics corresponding to different thermal runaway stages through numerous thermal runaway experiments, which are then compiled and stored in the system.

[0114] The pressure risk value is a numerical value reflecting the level of current battery thermal runaway pressure risk, obtained by trend assessment based on the current pressure change rate. The assessment process involves inputting the real-time pressure change rate curve into the thermal runaway evolution model and matching it with the corresponding risk level to obtain the pressure risk value.

[0115] Step S17: When the pressure risk value is greater than the preset risk assessment threshold, obtain the pressure distribution range.

[0116] The risk assessment threshold is a critical value used to determine whether the current pressure risk requires additional enhanced treatment. When the pressure risk value is greater than the risk assessment threshold, it indicates that the pressure risk caused by the current battery thermal runaway is high and the fire-fighting strategy needs to be further adjusted. Otherwise, the current spraying strategy can be maintained.

[0117] Pressure distribution range refers to the pressure distribution on a battery cell, such as pressure concentration areas being the lower half or middle part of the cell. The pressure distribution range is obtained through real-time monitoring using pressure sensors installed on the battery cell.

[0118] Step S18: Adjust the spray pattern based on the pressure distribution range to obtain a spray pattern suitable for the target spray pattern.

[0119] A targeted spray pattern refers to a special spray pattern formed by specifically adjusting the initial spray pattern according to the pressure distribution range. The adjustment method involves the system analyzing the pressure concentration areas based on the specific conditions of the pressure distribution range and focusing the spray on the areas with abnormally high pressure. For example, if the pressure is mainly concentrated in the lower half of the battery cell, the spray pattern is adjusted so that the atomizing nozzles primarily spray the lower half of the battery cell area.

[0120] Step S19: Control the atomizing nozzle to spray according to the designated spray mode.

[0121] This also includes: Step S20: When the overpressure ratio is greater than 50%, obtain the overpressure time.

[0122] Overpressure time refers to the length of time during which the pressure change rate of the battery cell corresponding to the thermal runaway number continuously exceeds a threshold during thermal runaway. The overpressure time is obtained by continuously monitoring the pressure change rate curve. Timing begins when the pressure change rate exceeds a preset threshold and stops when the pressure change rate falls back below the threshold. This recorded period is the overpressure time.

[0123] Step S21: When the overpressure time exceeds the preset overpressure threshold time, control the battery corresponding to the thermal runaway number to open the vent valve to release pressure.

[0124] The overpressure threshold time refers to a time standard value that is preset by the staff based on factors such as the specifications, performance and safety requirements of the battery cell. When the overpressure time exceeds this standard value, it means that the internal pressure of the battery cell has increased abnormally and lasted for too long, which poses a significant safety risk and requires depressurization.

[0125] This also includes: Step S22: Obtain the cooling temperature curve corresponding to the thermal runaway number after spraying.

[0126] The cooling temperature curve is a curve plotted with time on the horizontal axis and the temperature change of the battery cell corresponding to the thermal runaway number on the vertical axis after spraying. This curve can intuitively reflect the impact of the spraying operation on the battery cell temperature. The cooling temperature curve is obtained by the system continuously receiving temperature data of the battery cell corresponding to the thermal runaway number through temperature sensors installed on the battery cells after the spraying operation begins, recording these temperature data in chronological order, and automatically plotting the corresponding cooling temperature curve using a plotting tool with time on the horizontal axis and temperature change on the vertical axis.

[0127] Step S23: Analyze the cooling temperature curve to obtain the real-time temperature change rate.

[0128] Real-time temperature change rate refers to the rate at which the temperature of a battery cell changes over time after spraying. It is obtained by the system calculating the ratio of the temperature difference between adjacent points on the cooling curve to the time interval, thus calculating the temperature change rate for each time period, and consequently, the real-time temperature change rate.

[0129] Step S24: When the real-time temperature change rate is greater than 0, output an effective cooling signal.

[0130] An effective cooling signal is a signal output by the system after determining that the spraying operation has effectively cooled the battery cell based on the real-time temperature change rate. When the real-time temperature change rate is greater than 0, it indicates that the battery cell temperature has shown an upward trend after spraying, meaning that the temperature is rising and the spraying operation has achieved an effective cooling effect. The temperature will only start to rise again after the cooling operation stops.

[0131] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention provide a multi-source data fusion battery pack thermal runaway fire control system.

[0132] A multi-source data fusion battery pack thermal runaway fire control system includes: The acquisition module is used to obtain the battery number and battery temperature; A memory for storing a program for a multi-source data fusion battery pack thermal runaway fire control method; The processor loads and executes programs from memory.

[0133] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of the present invention's concept are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principles of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for fire suppression control of thermal runaway in a battery pack using multi-source data fusion, characterized in that, include: Step S1: Obtain the battery number and the corresponding battery temperature; Step S2: When the battery temperature is higher than the preset thermal runaway temperature, the battery number corresponding to the battery temperature is defined as the thermal runaway number; Step S3: Obtain the real-time temperature corresponding to the thermal runaway number; Step S4: When the real-time temperature is greater than the preset ignition temperature, accumulate the ignition time; Step S5: When the ignition time is greater than the preset time threshold, control the atomizing nozzle to spray the battery corresponding to the thermal runaway number according to the preset spraying mode.

2. The multi-source data fusion battery pack thermal runaway fire control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the ignition time exceeds a preset time threshold, the method for controlling the atomizing nozzle to spray the battery corresponding to the thermal runaway number according to a preset spray pattern includes: Step S50: When the ignition time is greater than the preset time threshold, accumulate and read the number of ignitions corresponding to the thermal runaway number; Step S51: When the number of fires has been ignited is greater than or equal to 2, calculate the temperature difference ratio based on the real-time temperature and the ignition temperature; Step S52: Find the spray dosage and spray time for the spray pattern; Step S53: When the temperature difference ratio is less than the preset minimum ratio threshold, calculate the minimum enhanced spray dose and minimum enhanced spray time based on the minimum ratio threshold, spray dose and spray time; Step S54: Adjust the spray pattern based on the minimum enhanced spray dose and the minimum enhanced spray time to obtain the minimum enhanced spray pattern; Step S55: Control the atomizing nozzle to spray the battery corresponding to the thermal runaway number according to the lowest enhanced spray mode; Step S56: When the temperature difference ratio is greater than the minimum ratio threshold, calculate the enhanced spray dose and enhanced spray time based on the temperature difference ratio, spray dose and spray time; Step S57: Adjust the spray pattern based on the enhanced spray dosage and enhanced spray time to obtain the enhanced spray pattern; Step S58: Control the atomizing nozzle to spray the battery corresponding to the thermal runaway number in the enhanced spray mode.

3. The multi-source data fusion battery pack thermal runaway fire control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Step S6: When there are multiple thermal runaway numbers, generate the corresponding real-time temperature curve based on the real-time temperature of each thermal runaway number; Step S7: Determine the estimated ignition time based on the real-time temperature curve and ignition temperature; Step S8: When the expected ignition time corresponding to each thermal runaway number is the same, obtain the spray area based on each thermal runaway number and the preset layout scheme; Step S9: Analyze the area to be sprayed to obtain the spray center point; Step S10: Calculate the optimal spray nozzle diameter based on the area to be sprayed and the center point of the spray; Step S11: Adjust the spray pattern based on the spray center point and the optimized spray nozzle diameter to obtain the optimized spray pattern; Step S12: Control the atomizing nozzle to spray according to the optimized spray mode.

4. The multi-source data fusion battery pack thermal runaway fire control method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Methods for analyzing the spray area to obtain the spray center point include: Step S90: Analyze the area to be sprayed to obtain the area shape; Step S91: Match the region shape with the regular shapes in the preset regular shape database; Step S92: When the area shape and the regular shape are successfully matched, the center point corresponding to the regular shape is taken as the spray center point; Step S93: When the region shape cannot be successfully matched with the regular shape, the region shape is completed to the smallest circumscribed rectangle, and the center point of the smallest circumscribed rectangle is used as the spray center point.

5. The multi-source data fusion battery pack thermal runaway fire control method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Methods for completing the shape of a region to the smallest circumscribed rectangle include: Step S930: Analyze the shape of the region to obtain the farthest horizontal and vertical points; Step S931: Obtain the maximum horizontal span and the maximum vertical span based on the farthest horizontal and vertical points; Step S932: Complete the region shape based on the maximum horizontal span and the maximum vertical span to obtain the minimum circumscribed rectangle.

6. The multi-source data fusion battery pack thermal runaway fire control method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: Step S13: When the expected ignition time corresponding to each thermal runaway number is different, sort the thermal runaway numbers according to the expected ignition time corresponding to each thermal runaway number to obtain the number sorting combination; Step S14: Adjust the spray pattern based on the numbering and sorting combination, and control the atomizing nozzle to spray the batteries corresponding to each thermal runaway number according to the adjusted spray pattern.

7. The multi-source data fusion battery pack thermal runaway fire control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Step S15: Obtain the pressure change rate curve corresponding to the thermal runaway number; Step S16: Assess the pressure risk value based on the pressure change rate curve and the preset thermal runaway evolution model; Step S17: When the pressure risk value is greater than the preset risk assessment threshold, obtain the pressure distribution range; Step S18: Adjust the spray pattern based on the pressure distribution range to obtain a suitable spray pattern; Step S19: Control the atomizing nozzle to spray according to the designated spray mode.

8. The multi-source data fusion battery pack thermal runaway fire control method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Also includes: Step S20: When the overpressure ratio is greater than 50%, obtain the overpressure time; Step S21: When the overpressure time exceeds the preset overpressure threshold time, control the battery corresponding to the thermal runaway number to open the vent valve to release pressure.

9. The multi-source data fusion battery pack thermal runaway fire control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Step S22: Obtain the cooling temperature curve corresponding to the thermal runaway number after spraying; Step S23: Analyze the cooling temperature curve to obtain the real-time temperature change rate; Step S24: When the real-time temperature change rate is greater than 0, output an effective cooling signal.

10. A multi-source data fusion battery pack thermal runaway fire control system, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to obtain the battery number and battery temperature; A memory for storing a program for a multi-source data fusion battery pack thermal runaway fire control method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9; The processor loads and executes programs from memory.

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