Spraying waterproof coating with high elasticity and high adhesion and preparation method thereof

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of building waterproof coating technology, and discloses a high-elasticity, high-adhesion spray waterproof coating, which is composed of component A and component B in a mass ratio of 10:1 to 12:1. Component A includes the following components and their mass parts: 40 to 55 parts of polyurethane prepolymer, 12 to 22 parts of cement-based composite filler, 1.0 to 2.0 parts of fluorosilicone modified halloysite, 0.6 to 1.4 parts of γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, 0.4 to 1.2 parts of polycarboxylate cement modifier, 0.2 to 0.7 parts of antioxidant 1010, and 0.1 to 0.5 parts of defoamer. This highly elastic and highly adhesive sprayable waterproof coating and its preparation method introduce γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane into the coating system. Its epoxy groups can react chemically with the hydroxyl groups abundant on the surface of the cement-based substrate to form stable chemical bonds. At the same time, the cement-based composite filler in component A is homologous to the cement-based substrate material, which can improve the compatibility between the coating and the substrate and effectively solve the problem of weak adhesion of organic waterproof coatings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building waterproof coating technology, specifically to a high-elasticity, high-adhesion spray waterproof coating and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Waterproof coatings are the core functional materials for building waterproofing projects. They are mainly used in cement-based building structures such as cement concrete bridge decks, basements, and tunnels. By forming a continuous, dense waterproof membrane with certain mechanical properties on the surface of the substrate, they prevent water from penetrating into the substrate, thereby avoiding problems such as steel corrosion, concrete spalling, and reduced structural strength in cement-based structures due to water damage.

[0003] Currently, commonly used waterproof coatings in engineering are mainly divided into two categories: one is organic waterproof coatings, such as single-component moisture-curing polyurethane. These coatings rely on the chemical curing reaction of organic components to form a film and have a certain degree of flexibility; the other is cement-based waterproof coatings, such as cement-based systems. These coatings use cement as the main inorganic substrate and rely on the hydration and hardening process of cement to form a waterproof structure, which is similar to the material properties of cement-based building substrates.

[0004] However, both existing types of waterproof coatings have significant technical drawbacks in practical applications. For organic waterproof coatings, although they exhibit good elasticity due to the flexibility of organic molecular chains and can adapt to some structural deformations, the surface of cement-based substrates is rich in hydroxyl groups and is generally alkaline. The molecular structure of organic components makes it difficult to form stable chemical bonds with the substrate surface, resulting in weak adhesion between the coating and the substrate. Under long-term environmental factors or structural vibrations, interface delamination is likely to occur, leading to loss of waterproof function. For cement-based waterproof coatings, although they have good compatibility due to their homology with cement-based substrates and can form a relatively unified whole with the substrate, they are limited by the brittle nature of cement itself. The elasticity of the coating after curing is poor, and it cannot adapt to the micro-cracks caused by temperature changes and loads during the use of building structures. Therefore, a high-elasticity, high-adhesion spray waterproof coating and its preparation method are proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a highly elastic and highly adhesive sprayable waterproof coating and its preparation method. It has the advantages of high elasticity, high adhesion, and good compatibility with cement-based substrates, and solves the problems of weak adhesion between existing organic waterproof coatings and cement-based substrates, which easily leads to interface delamination, and poor elasticity of cement-based waterproof coatings, which makes them difficult to adapt to micro-cracks in building structures.

[0006] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the aforementioned objectives of high elasticity, high adhesion, and good compatibility with cement-based substrates, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a highly elastic and highly adhesive sprayable waterproof coating, composed of component A and component B in a mass ratio of 10:1-12:1; Component A comprises the following components and their parts by weight: 40 to 55 parts of polyurethane prepolymer, 12 to 22 parts of cement-based composite filler, 1.0 to 2.0 parts of fluorosilicone modified halloysite, 0.6 to 1.4 parts of γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, 0.4 to 1.2 parts of polycarboxylate cement modifier, 0.2 to 0.7 parts of antioxidant 1010, and 0.1 to 0.5 parts of defoamer; Component B comprises the following components and their parts by weight: 55 to 75 parts of ketimine latent curing agent JH-326, 18 to 32 parts of citric acid, and 8 to 16 parts of deionized water.

[0007] Preferably, the polyurethane prepolymer is prepared by reacting toluene diisocyanate, polyether polyol N220 and polyether polyol N330 at 68℃-72℃ for 7.5h-8.5h with an isocyanate index R=2.05-2.20, and the mass ratio of polyether polyol N220 to polyether polyol N330 is 7:1-9:1.

[0008] Preferably, the fluorosilicone modified halloysite is prepared by a "microwave-assisted, stepwise temperature-controlled" composite process using halloysite, methyltrimethoxysilane, and heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane in a mass ratio of 7:4:4-9:6:6. The preparation process is as follows: Step 1: Add halloysite to anhydrous ethanol and sonicate at 20kHz for 25-35 minutes. After sonication, measure the particle size to ensure that the proportion of particles with a diameter of 45-85nm is ≥90% to achieve uniform dispersion. Step 2: Add methyltrimethoxysilane and heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane, continue sonication for 1-1.2 hours, then transfer to a reactor equipped with a microwave device, introduce nitrogen gas, control the nitrogen flow rate at 50 mL / min to remove air, and then add 28 wt% ammonia solution. Step 3: Turn on the microwave system and run it in intermittent mode with a power of 300W-400W and a 30s radiation / 60s pause, while simultaneously adjusting the reactor temperature. The first stage involves heating to 45℃-50℃ and stirring the reaction at 250r / min for 5-6 hours. The second stage involves cooling the temperature to 28℃-32℃ and stirring the reaction at 180r / min for 6-7 hours. Step 4: After the reaction is complete, centrifuge at 8000 r / min for 12 min-18 min, collect the precipitate and wash it repeatedly with anhydrous ethanol 4-6 times. After each washing, check the conductivity of the supernatant to ensure it is ≤10 μS / cm. Dry the washed precipitate under vacuum at 78℃-82℃ for 46 h-50 h and pass it through a 180-200 mesh sieve.

[0009] Preferably, the isocyanate index R of the polyurethane prepolymer is 2.10±0.03, and the reserved NCO content is 3.95±0.05wt%. A chain extender is added during the preparation of the polyurethane prepolymer. The chain extender is a mixture of 4,4-methylenedichloroaniline and 1,4-butanediol in a mass ratio of 3:1-5:1. The amount of chain extender used is such that it consumes 0.38-0.42wt% of the NCO groups in the prepolymer.

[0010] Preferably, the mass ratio of 4,4-methylenedichloroaniline to 1,4-butanediol in the chain extender is 3.5:1-4.5:1, and the chain extender consumes 0.40±0.02wt% of NCO groups in the prepolymer; the hydroxyl value of the polyether polyol N220 is 54-58 mgKOH / g, and the hydroxyl value of the polyether polyol N330 is 31-35 mgKOH / g.

[0011] Preferably, in the cement-based composite filler, the silica fume particle size is 5-10μm and the specific surface area is ≥20000m² / kg, and the ultrafine cement particle size is 8-12μm and the specific surface area is ≥8000m² / kg; the cement-based composite filler needs to be vacuum dried at 105℃-115℃ for 3.5h-4.5h before use.

[0012] Preferably, the polycarboxylate-based cement modifier is a copolymer of polycarboxylate superplasticizer and acrylamide, with a solid content ≥40wt% and a molecular weight of 8000-12000; the fluorosilicone modified halloysite has a particle size of 45-85nm.

[0013] A method for preparing a highly elastic and highly adhesive sprayable waterproof coating, comprising the highly elastic and highly adhesive sprayable waterproof coating, and including the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of polyurethane prepolymer: Mix polyether polyol N220 and polyether polyol N330 at a mass ratio of 7:1-9:1, vacuum dry at 115℃-125℃ for 10-13h, add toluene diisocyanate to adjust the isocyanate index R=2.05-2.20, stir and react at 68℃-72℃ for 7.5h-8.5h, then add chain extender and continue the reaction for 0.9h-1.1h, controlling the chain extender to consume 0.38-0.42wt% of NCO groups in the prepolymer, and then seal the discharge. Step 2: Preparation of cement-based composite filler: Mix silica fume and ultrafine cement at a mass ratio of 1.8:1-2.2:1, vacuum dry at 105℃-115℃ for 3.5h-4.5h, and then ball mill at 200r / min for 25min-35min. Step 3: Preparation of fluorosilicone modified halloysite: First, halloysite is ultrasonically dispersed in anhydrous ethanol, then a silane reagent is added and protected with inert nitrogen gas of ≥99.99% purity. Subsequently, a 28wt% ammonia solution is added, and microwave intermittent radiation mode is used with a radiation power of 300W-400W, operating in a cycle of 30s radiation followed by 60s pause, while simultaneously employing gradient temperature control. The first stage involves controlling the temperature at 45℃-50℃ for 5-6 hours. The second stage involves controlling the temperature at 28℃-32℃ for 6-7 hours. Finally, it was obtained by centrifugation, washing, and vacuum drying; Step 4: Preparation of Component A: Add the products from Steps 1-3, γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, polycarboxylate cement modifier, antioxidant 1010, and defoamer to the reactor and stir at 48℃-52℃ for 1.9h-2.1h. Step 5: Prepare component B: Add ketimine latent curing agent JH-326, citric acid, and deionized water to a beaker and stir at 28℃-32℃ for 25min-35min. Step 6, Pretreatment of the substrate: Prepare a 1.0-2.0% aqueous solution of γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, spray it onto the cement substrate and place it at 21℃-25℃ for 12min-22min. Step 7, Spraying Application: The spraying application process is as follows: System debugging: Add components A and B to the two-component storage tank equipped with a weighing sensor, connect the intelligent dripping module to the customized composite nozzle, use a hygrometer to detect the humidity of the substrate, and select the dripping mode according to the humidity value—when the substrate humidity is >60%, select the variable dripping mode and set the A / B dripping rate ratio to 12:1; when the substrate humidity is ≤60%, select the quantitative dripping mode and set the A / B dripping rate ratio to 10:1-12:1. Atomization parameter settings: Adjust the atomization pressure to 0.4MPa-0.65MPa, control the spraying distance to 30cm-40cm, and adjust the nozzle atomization angle according to the substrate type—set to 55° for flat substrates and 45° for vertical substrates; Layered spraying: The thickness of the first spray is controlled at 0.4mm-0.5mm. After standing for 15min-20min, the second spray is applied. The final total coating thickness is controlled at 0.9mm-1.3mm. After each spray, the thickness error is checked with a laser thickness gauge to ensure that the error is ≤±0.1mm.

[0014] A spraying system adapted to high-elasticity, high-adhesion waterproof coatings includes a two-component storage tank, an intelligent dripping module, and a customized composite nozzle. The intelligent dripping module can realize dual-mode dripping of components A and B: in quantitative dripping mode, the dripping rate of component A is controlled at 6mL / s-10mL / s, and the dripping rate of component B is controlled at 0.6mL / s-1.0mL / s, with a dripping rate error ≤±2%; in variable dripping mode, the dripping rate ratio can be automatically adjusted according to the substrate humidity. When the substrate humidity is >60%, the A / B dripping rate ratio is increased to 12:1, and when the substrate humidity is <30%, the A / B dripping rate ratio is reduced to 10:1. The customized composite nozzle has a "conical gradient orifice + nano-ceramic coating" structure: the nozzle inlet diameter is 8mm, and the outlet diameter is gradient-designed, transitioning from 3mm to 1.5mm; the inner wall of the nozzle is coated with... Nano-coating with a thickness of 50nm-80nm; the nozzle head is equipped with an adjustable atomization angle guide plate with an atomization angle adjustment range of 30°-60°.

[0015] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a highly elastic and highly adhesive sprayable waterproof coating and its preparation method, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. This high-elasticity, high-adhesion spray waterproof coating and its preparation method introduce γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane into the coating system. Its epoxy groups can react chemically with the hydroxyl groups abundant on the surface of the cement-based substrate to form stable chemical bonds. At the same time, the cement-based composite filler in component A is homologous to the cement-based substrate material, which can improve the compatibility between the coating and the substrate. Fluorosilicone modified halloysite can further enhance the interfacial bonding strength between the coating and the substrate, effectively solving the problem of weak adhesion of organic waterproof coatings, avoiding interfacial delamination due to environmental factors or structural vibration during long-term use, and ensuring the long-lasting waterproof function.

[0016] 2. This high-elasticity, high-adhesion spray waterproof coating and its preparation method: The polyurethane prepolymer in component A is prepared by reacting toluene diisocyanate with polyether polyol N220 and polyether polyol N330. Its organic molecular chain has good flexibility. The added chain extender, a mixture of 4,4-methylenedichloroaniline and 1,4-butanediol, can extend the molecular chain and improve the chain segment activity. Combined with the nano-scale dispersion and reinforcement effect of fluorosilicone modified halloysite, the coating film maintains compatibility with cement-based substrates while possessing high elasticity, solving the problem of poor elasticity in cement-based waterproof coatings and adapting to micro-cracks in building structures caused by temperature changes and loads.

[0017] 3. This highly elastic and highly adhesive sprayable waterproof coating and its preparation method, along with the matching intelligent spraying system and refined construction process, can further enhance the application effect: The intelligent dripping module can automatically switch between dual dripping modes according to the humidity of the substrate. The customized composite nozzle reduces material loss and improves atomization uniformity through the gradient hole structure and nano-ceramic coating. Combined with layered spraying and precise thickness control, it can not only adapt to different types of substrates such as flat and vertical surfaces, but also ensure that the coating thickness error is ≤±0.1mm, forming a continuous and dense waterproof membrane. This significantly reduces the problem of local waterproofing weaknesses caused by improper construction operations and further extends the service life of waterproofing projects. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation method of the high-elasticity, high-adhesion spray waterproof coating of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Please see Figure 1 A highly elastic and highly adhesive sprayable waterproof coating, composed of component A and component B in a mass ratio of 10:1-12:1; Component A comprises the following components and their parts by weight: 40 to 55 parts of polyurethane prepolymer, 12 to 22 parts of cement-based composite filler, 1.0 to 2.0 parts of fluorosilicone modified halloysite, 0.6 to 1.4 parts of γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, 0.4 to 1.2 parts of polycarboxylate cement modifier, 0.2 to 0.7 parts of antioxidant 1010, and 0.1 to 0.5 parts of defoamer; Component B comprises the following components and their parts by weight: 55 to 75 parts of ketimine latent curing agent JH-326, 18 to 32 parts of citric acid, and 8 to 16 parts of deionized water.

[0021] A method for preparing a highly elastic and highly adhesive sprayable waterproof coating, comprising the highly elastic and highly adhesive sprayable waterproof coating, and including the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of polyurethane prepolymer: Mix polyether polyol N220 and polyether polyol N330 at a mass ratio of 7:1-9:1, vacuum dry at 115℃-125℃ for 10-13h, add toluene diisocyanate to adjust the isocyanate index R=2.05-2.20, stir and react at 68℃-72℃ for 7.5h-8.5h, then add chain extender and continue the reaction for 0.9h-1.1h, controlling the chain extender to consume 0.38-0.42wt% of NCO groups in the prepolymer, and then seal the discharge. Step 2: Preparation of cement-based composite filler: Mix silica fume and ultrafine cement at a mass ratio of 1.8:1-2.2:1, vacuum dry at 105℃-115℃ for 3.5h-4.5h, and then ball mill at 200r / min for 25min-35min. Step 3: Preparation of fluorosilicone modified halloysite: First, halloysite is ultrasonically dispersed in anhydrous ethanol, then a silane reagent is added and protected with inert nitrogen gas of ≥99.99% purity. Subsequently, a 28wt% ammonia solution is added, and microwave intermittent radiation mode is used with a radiation power of 300W-400W, operating in a cycle of 30s radiation followed by 60s pause, while simultaneously employing gradient temperature control. The first stage involves controlling the temperature at 45℃-50℃ for 5-6 hours. The second stage involves controlling the temperature at 28℃-32℃ for 6-7 hours. Finally, it was obtained by centrifugation, washing, and vacuum drying; Step 4: Preparation of Component A: Add the products from Steps 1-3, γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, polycarboxylate cement modifier, antioxidant 1010, and defoamer to the reactor and stir at 48℃-52℃ for 1.9h-2.1h. Step 5: Prepare component B: Add ketimine latent curing agent JH-326, citric acid, and deionized water to a beaker and stir at 28℃-32℃ for 25min-35min. Step 6, Pretreatment of the substrate: Prepare a 1.0-2.0% aqueous solution of γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, spray it onto the cement substrate and place it at 21℃-25℃ for 12min-22min. Step 7, Spraying Application: The spraying application process is as follows: System debugging: Add components A and B to the two-component storage tank equipped with a weighing sensor, connect the intelligent dripping module to the customized composite nozzle, use a hygrometer to detect the humidity of the substrate, and select the dripping mode according to the humidity value—when the substrate humidity is >60%, select the variable dripping mode and set the A / B dripping rate ratio to 12:1; when the substrate humidity is ≤60%, select the quantitative dripping mode and set the A / B dripping rate ratio to 10:1-12:1. Atomization parameter settings: Adjust the atomization pressure to 0.4MPa-0.65MPa, control the spraying distance to 30cm-40cm, and adjust the nozzle atomization angle according to the substrate type—set to 55° for flat substrates and 45° for vertical substrates; Layered spraying: The thickness of the first spray is controlled at 0.4mm-0.5mm. After standing for 15min-20min, the second spray is applied. The final total coating thickness is controlled at 0.9mm-1.3mm. After each spray, the thickness error is checked with a laser thickness gauge to ensure that the error is ≤±0.1mm.

[0022] Example 1: A highly elastic and highly adhesive sprayable waterproof coating is composed of component A and component B in a mass ratio of 10:1 to 12:1. Component A comprises the following components and their weight parts: 40 parts polyurethane prepolymer, 12 parts cement-based composite filler, 1.0 part fluorosilicone modified halloysite, 0.6 parts γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, 0.4 parts polycarboxylate cement modifier, 0.2 parts antioxidant 1010, and 0.1 parts defoamer; Component B comprises the following components and their mass fractions: 55 parts of ketimine latent curing agent JH-326, 18 parts of citric acid, and 8 parts of deionized water.

[0023] A method for preparing a highly elastic and highly adhesive sprayable waterproof coating, comprising the highly elastic and highly adhesive sprayable waterproof coating, and including the following steps: Step 1: Prepare 40 parts of polyurethane prepolymer: Mix polyether polyol N220 and polyether polyol N330 at a mass ratio of 7:1-9:1, vacuum dry at 115℃-125℃ for 10-13h, add toluene diisocyanate to adjust the isocyanate index R=2.05-2.20, stir and react at 68℃-72℃ for 7.5h-8.5h, then add chain extender and continue the reaction for 0.9h-1.1h, controlling the chain extender to consume 0.38-0.42wt% of NCO groups in the prepolymer, and seal the discharge. Step 2: Prepare 12 parts of cement-based composite filler: Mix silica fume and ultrafine cement at a mass ratio of 1.8:1-2.2:1, vacuum dry at 105℃-115℃ for 3.5h-4.5h, and then ball mill at 200r / min for 25min-35min. Step 3: Preparation of 1.0 part of fluorosilicone modified halloysite: First, the halloysite is ultrasonically dispersed in anhydrous ethanol, then a silane reagent is added and protected with inert nitrogen gas of ≥99.99% purity. Then, a 28wt% ammonia solution is added. Microwave intermittent radiation mode is used, with a radiation power of 300W-400W, operating in a cycle of 30s radiation followed by 60s pause, while simultaneously employing gradient temperature control. The first stage involves controlling the temperature at 45℃-50℃ for 5-6 hours. The second stage involves controlling the temperature at 28℃-32℃ for 6-7 hours. Finally, it was obtained by centrifugation, washing, and vacuum drying; Step 4: Preparation of Component A: Add the products from Steps 1-3, 0.6 parts of γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, 0.4 parts of polycarboxylate cement modifier, 0.2 parts of antioxidant 1010, and 0.1 parts of defoamer to the reactor, and stir at 48℃-52℃ for 1.9h-2.1h. Step 5: Prepare component B: Add 55 parts of ketimine latent curing agent JH-326, 18 parts of citric acid, and 8 parts of deionized water to a beaker and stir at 28℃-32℃ for 25min-35min. Step 6, Pretreatment of the substrate: Prepare a 1.0-2.0% aqueous solution of γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, spray it onto the cement substrate and place it at 21℃-25℃ for 12min-22min. Step 7, Spraying Application: The spraying application process is as follows: System debugging: Add components A and B to the two-component storage tank equipped with a weighing sensor, connect the intelligent dripping module to the customized composite nozzle, use a hygrometer to detect the humidity of the substrate, and select the dripping mode according to the humidity value—when the substrate humidity is >60%, select the variable dripping mode and set the A / B dripping rate ratio to 12:1; when the substrate humidity is ≤60%, select the quantitative dripping mode and set the A / B dripping rate ratio to 10:1-12:1. Atomization parameter settings: Adjust the atomization pressure to 0.4MPa-0.65MPa, control the spraying distance to 30cm-40cm, and adjust the nozzle atomization angle according to the substrate type—set to 55° for flat substrates and 45° for vertical substrates; Layered spraying: The thickness of the first spray is controlled at 0.4mm-0.5mm. After standing for 15min-20min, the second spray is applied. The final total coating thickness is controlled at 0.9mm-1.3mm. After each spray, the thickness error is checked with a laser thickness gauge to ensure that the error is ≤±0.1mm.

[0024] The high-elasticity, high-adhesion sprayable waterproof coating prepared according to the component ratio and preparation method of this embodiment uses the lower values ​​of each component within the range defined in this application, resulting in significant control over raw material costs. At the same time, it still possesses basic high elasticity, high adhesion, and waterproof performance, which can meet conventional waterproofing needs. It is suitable for scenarios where cost is sensitive and there are no extreme requirements for coating performance, such as waterproofing construction in areas such as basements and bathrooms of ordinary civil buildings.

[0025] Example 2: A highly elastic and highly adhesive sprayable waterproof coating is composed of component A and component B in a mass ratio of 10:1 to 12:1. Component A comprises the following components and their parts by weight: 47.5 parts of polyurethane prepolymer, 17 parts of cement-based composite filler, 1.5 parts of fluorosilicone modified halloysite, 1.0 part of γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, 0.8 parts of polycarboxylate cement modifier, 0.45 parts of antioxidant 1010, and 0.3 parts of defoamer; The B component comprises the following components and their mass fractions: 5 parts of ketimine latent curing agent JH-3266, 25 parts of citric acid, and 12 parts of deionized water.

[0026] A method for preparing a highly elastic and highly adhesive sprayable waterproof coating, comprising the highly elastic and highly adhesive sprayable waterproof coating, and including the following steps: Step 1: Prepare 47.5 parts of polyurethane prepolymer: Mix polyether polyol N220 and polyether polyol N330 at a mass ratio of 7:1-9:1, vacuum dry at 115℃-125℃ for 10-13h, add toluene diisocyanate to adjust the isocyanate index R=2.05-2.20, stir and react at 68℃-72℃ for 7.5h-8.5h, then add chain extender and continue the reaction for 0.9h-1.1h, controlling the chain extender to consume 0.38-0.42wt% of NCO groups in the prepolymer, and seal the discharge. Step 2: Prepare 17 parts of cement-based composite filler: Mix silica fume and ultrafine cement at a mass ratio of 1.8:1-2.2:1, vacuum dry at 105℃-115℃ for 3.5h-4.5h, and then ball mill at 200r / min for 25min-35min. Step 3: Prepare 1.5 parts of fluorosilicone modified halloysite: First, ultrasonically disperse the halloysite in anhydrous ethanol, then add silane reagent and purge with inert nitrogen gas of ≥99.99% purity for protection. Next, add 28wt% ammonia solution and operate in intermittent microwave radiation mode with a radiation power of 300W-400W, following a cycle of 30s radiation followed by 60s pause, while simultaneously using gradient temperature control. The first stage involves controlling the temperature at 45℃-50℃ for 5-6 hours. The second stage involves controlling the temperature at 28℃-32℃ for 6-7 hours. Finally, it was obtained by centrifugation, washing, and vacuum drying; Step 4, Preparation of Component A: Add the products from Steps 1-3, 1.0 part of γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, 0.8 part of polycarboxylate cement modifier, 0.45 part of antioxidant 1010, and 0.3 part of defoamer to the reactor, and stir at 48℃-52℃ for 1.9h-2.1h. Step 5: Prepare component B: Add 65 parts of ketimine latent curing agent JH-326, 25 parts of citric acid, and 12 parts of deionized water to a beaker and stir at 28℃-32℃ for 25min-35min. Step 6, Pretreatment of the substrate: Prepare a 1.0-2.0% aqueous solution of γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, spray it onto the cement substrate and place it at 21℃-25℃ for 12min-22min. Step 7, Spraying Application: The spraying application process is as follows: System debugging: Add components A and B to the two-component storage tank equipped with a weighing sensor, connect the intelligent dripping module to the customized composite nozzle, use a hygrometer to detect the humidity of the substrate, and select the dripping mode according to the humidity value—when the substrate humidity is >60%, select the variable dripping mode and set the A / B dripping rate ratio to 12:1; when the substrate humidity is ≤60%, select the quantitative dripping mode and set the A / B dripping rate ratio to 10:1-12:1. Atomization parameter settings: Adjust the atomization pressure to 0.4MPa-0.65MPa, control the spraying distance to 30cm-40cm, and adjust the nozzle atomization angle according to the substrate type—set to 55° for flat substrates and 45° for vertical substrates; Layered spraying: The thickness of the first spray is controlled at 0.4mm-0.5mm. After standing for 15min-20min, the second spray is applied. The final total coating thickness is controlled at 0.9mm-1.3mm. After each spray, the thickness error is checked with a laser thickness gauge to ensure that the error is ≤±0.1mm.

[0027] The high-elasticity, high-adhesion spray waterproof coating prepared according to the component ratio and preparation method of this embodiment has the dosage of each component selected from the middle value of the range defined in this application. The overall performance is balanced, and the elasticity, adhesion and waterproofing are all better than the lightweight group. Moreover, the construction efficiency is moderate and it can be adapted to most scenarios with certain performance requirements. It is suitable for waterproofing construction in areas such as municipal road tunnels and roofs of medium-sized industrial plants.

[0028] Example 3: A highly elastic and highly adhesive sprayable waterproof coating is composed of component A and component B in a mass ratio of 10:1 to 12:1. Component A comprises the following components and their weight parts: 55 parts polyurethane prepolymer, 22 parts cement-based composite filler, 2.0 parts fluorosilicone modified halloysite, 1.4 parts γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, 1.2 parts polycarboxylate cement modifier, 0.7 parts antioxidant 1010, and 0.5 parts defoamer; Component B comprises the following components and their mass fractions: 75 parts of ketimine latent curing agent JH-326, 32 parts of citric acid, and 16 parts of deionized water.

[0029] A method for preparing a highly elastic and highly adhesive sprayable waterproof coating, comprising the highly elastic and highly adhesive sprayable waterproof coating, and including the following steps: Step 1: Prepare 55 parts of polyurethane prepolymer: Mix polyether polyol N220 and polyether polyol N330 at a mass ratio of 7:1-9:1, vacuum dry at 115℃-125℃ for 10-13h, add toluene diisocyanate to adjust the isocyanate index R=2.05-2.20, stir and react at 68℃-72℃ for 7.5h-8.5h, then add chain extender and continue the reaction for 0.9h-1.1h, controlling the chain extender to consume 0.38-0.42wt% of NCO groups in the prepolymer, and seal the discharge. Step 2: Prepare 22 parts of cement-based composite filler: Mix silica fume and ultrafine cement at a mass ratio of 1.8:1-2.2:1, vacuum dry at 105℃-115℃ for 3.5h-4.5h, and then ball mill at 200r / min for 25min-35min. Step 3: Preparation of 2.0 parts of fluorosilicone modified halloysite: First, the halloysite is ultrasonically dispersed in anhydrous ethanol, then a silane reagent is added and protected with inert nitrogen gas of ≥99.99% purity. Subsequently, a 28wt% ammonia solution is added, and microwave intermittent radiation mode is used with a radiation power of 300W-400W, operating in a cycle of 30s radiation followed by 60s pause, while simultaneously employing gradient temperature control. The first stage involves controlling the temperature at 45℃-50℃ for 5-6 hours. The second stage involves controlling the temperature at 28℃-32℃ for 6-7 hours. Finally, it was obtained by centrifugation, washing, and vacuum drying; Step 4: Preparation of Component A: Add the products from Steps 1-3, 1.4 parts of γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, 1.2 parts of polycarboxylate cement modifier, 0.7 parts of antioxidant 1010, and 0.5 parts of defoamer to the reactor and stir at 48℃-52℃ for 1.9h-2.1h. Step 5: Preparation of component B: Add 75 parts of ketimine latent curing agent JH-326, 32 parts of citric acid, and 16 parts of deionized water to a beaker and stir at 28℃-32℃ for 25min-35min. Step 6, Pretreatment of the substrate: Prepare a 1.0-2.0% aqueous solution of γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, spray it onto the cement substrate and place it at 21℃-25℃ for 12min-22min. Step 7, Spraying Application: The spraying application process is as follows: System debugging: Add components A and B to the two-component storage tank equipped with a weighing sensor, connect the intelligent dripping module to the customized composite nozzle, use a hygrometer to detect the humidity of the substrate, and select the dripping mode according to the humidity value—when the substrate humidity is >60%, select the variable dripping mode and set the A / B dripping rate ratio to 12:1; when the substrate humidity is ≤60%, select the quantitative dripping mode and set the A / B dripping rate ratio to 10:1-12:1. Atomization parameter settings: Adjust the atomization pressure to 0.4MPa-0.65MPa, control the spraying distance to 30cm-40cm, and adjust the nozzle atomization angle according to the substrate type—set to 55° for flat substrates and 45° for vertical substrates; Layered spraying: The thickness of the first spray is controlled at 0.4mm-0.5mm. After standing for 15min-20min, the second spray is applied. The final total coating thickness is controlled at 0.9mm-1.3mm. After each spray, the thickness error is checked with a laser thickness gauge to ensure that the error is ≤±0.1mm.

[0030] The high-elasticity, high-adhesion spray waterproof coating prepared according to the component ratio and preparation method of this embodiment has the highest value of each component within the range defined in this application, and the performance reaches the optimal level. It has outstanding elasticity, adhesion and weather resistance, and excellent waterproof effect, and can cope with harsh use environment. It is suitable for waterproof construction in areas such as bridge decks of large bridges, exterior walls of high-rise buildings, and underground integrated pipe corridors.

[0031] In summary, this highly elastic and highly adhesive sprayable waterproof coating and its preparation method, by introducing γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane into the coating system, allows its epoxy groups to react chemically with the hydroxyl groups abundant on the surface of the cement-based substrate to form stable chemical bonds. Simultaneously, the cement-based composite filler in component A is homologous to the cement-based substrate material, improving the compatibility between the coating and the substrate. Furthermore, the fluorosilicone-modified halloysite further enhances the interfacial bonding strength between the coating and the substrate, effectively solving the problem of weak adhesion in organic waterproof coatings, preventing interfacial delamination due to environmental factors or structural vibrations during long-term use, and ensuring long-lasting waterproofing performance.

[0032] Furthermore, in this highly elastic and highly adhesive spray-on waterproof coating and its preparation method, the polyurethane prepolymer in component A is prepared by reacting toluene diisocyanate with polyether polyol N220 and polyether polyol N330. Its organic molecular chain has good flexibility. The added chain extender, a mixture of 4,4-methylenedichloroaniline and 1,4-butanediol, can extend the molecular chain and improve the chain segment activity. Combined with the nanoscale dispersion and reinforcement effect of fluorosilicone modified halloysite, the coating film maintains compatibility with cement-based substrates while possessing high elasticity.

[0033] This highly elastic and highly adhesive sprayable waterproof coating and its preparation method, along with the matching intelligent spraying system and refined construction process, can further enhance the application effect: the intelligent drip module can automatically switch between dual drip modes according to the humidity of the substrate, and the customized composite nozzle reduces material loss and improves atomization uniformity through the gradient hole structure and nano-ceramic coating. Combined with layered spraying and precise thickness control, it can not only adapt to different types of substrates such as flat and vertical surfaces, but also ensure that the coating thickness error is ≤±0.1mm, forming a continuous and dense waterproof membrane. This significantly reduces the problem of local waterproofing weakness caused by improper construction operations, further extends the service life of waterproofing projects, solves the problem of poor elasticity of cement-based waterproof coatings, and can adapt to micro-cracks in building structures caused by temperature changes and loads. It also solves the problems of weak adhesion between existing organic waterproof coatings and cement-based substrates, which easily leads to interface delamination, and the poor elasticity of cement-based waterproof coatings, which makes it difficult to adapt to micro-cracks in building structures.

[0034] The relevant modules involved in this system are all hardware system modules or functional modules that combine computer software programs or protocols with hardware in the prior art. The computer software programs or protocols involved in these functional modules are technologies known to those skilled in the art and are not improvements to this system. The improvement of this system lies in the interaction or connection between the modules, that is, in improving the overall structure of the system to solve the corresponding technical problems that this system aims to address.

[0035] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A highly elastic and highly adhesive sprayable waterproof coating, characterized in that, It is composed of component A and component B in a mass ratio of 10:1 to 12:1; Component A comprises the following components and their parts by weight: 40 to 55 parts of polyurethane prepolymer, 12 to 22 parts of cement-based composite filler, 1.0 to 2.0 parts of fluorosilicone modified halloysite, 0.6 to 1.4 parts of γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, 0.4 to 1.2 parts of polycarboxylate cement modifier, 0.2 to 0.7 parts of antioxidant 1010, and 0.1 to 0.5 parts of defoamer; The B component comprises the following components and their parts by weight: 5 to 75 parts of ketimine latent curing agent JH-3265, 18 to 32 parts of citric acid, and 8 to 16 parts of deionized water.

2. The high-elasticity, high-adhesion sprayable waterproof coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The polyurethane prepolymer is prepared by reacting toluene diisocyanate, polyether polyol N220 and polyether polyol N330 at 68℃-72℃ for 7.5h-8.5h with an isocyanate index R=2.05-2.20, and the mass ratio of polyether polyol N220 to polyether polyol N330 is 7:1-9:

1.

3. The high-elasticity, high-adhesion sprayable waterproof coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fluorosilicone-modified halloysite is prepared by a "microwave-assisted, stepwise temperature-controlled" composite process using halloysite, methyltrimethoxysilane, and heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane in a mass ratio of 7:4:4-9:6:

6. The preparation process is as follows: Step 1: Add halloysite to anhydrous ethanol and sonicate at 20kHz for 25-35 minutes. After sonication, measure the particle size to ensure that the proportion of particles with a diameter of 45-85nm is ≥90% to achieve uniform dispersion. Step 2: Add methyltrimethoxysilane and heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane, continue sonication for 1-1.2 hours, then transfer to a reactor equipped with a microwave device, introduce nitrogen gas, control the nitrogen flow rate at 50 mL / min to remove air, and then add 28 wt% ammonia solution. Step 3: Turn on the microwave system and run it in intermittent mode with a power of 300W-400W and a 30s radiation / 60s pause, while simultaneously adjusting the reactor temperature. The first stage involves heating to 45℃-50℃ and stirring the reaction at 250r / min for 5-6 hours. The second stage involves cooling the temperature to 28℃-32℃ and stirring the reaction at 180r / min for 6-7 hours. Step 4: After the reaction is complete, centrifuge at 8000 r / min for 12 min-18 min, collect the precipitate and wash it repeatedly with anhydrous ethanol 4-6 times. After each washing, check the conductivity of the supernatant to ensure it is ≤10 μS / cm. Dry the washed precipitate under vacuum at 78℃-82℃ for 46 h-50 h and pass it through a 180-200 mesh sieve.

4. The high-elasticity, high-adhesion sprayable waterproof coating according to claim 3, characterized in that, The isocyanate index R of the polyurethane prepolymer is 2.10±0.03, and the reserved NCO content is 3.95±0.05wt%. A chain extender is added during the preparation of the polyurethane prepolymer. The chain extender is a mixture of 4,4-methylenedichloroaniline and 1,4-butanediol in a mass ratio of 3:1-5:

1. The amount of chain extender used is to consume 0.38-0.42wt% of the NCO groups in the prepolymer.

5. The high-elasticity, high-adhesion sprayable waterproof coating according to claim 4, characterized in that, The chain extender contains 4,4-methylenedichloroaniline in a mass ratio of 3.5:1 to 4.5:1, and the chain extender consumes 0.40 ± 0.02 wt% of NCO groups in the prepolymer; the polyether polyol N220 has a hydroxyl value of 54-58 mg KOH / g, and the polyether polyol N330 has a hydroxyl value of 31-35 mg KOH / g.

6. The high-elasticity, high-adhesion sprayable waterproof coating according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cement-based composite filler has a silica fume particle size of 5-10μm and a specific surface area of ​​≥20000m² / kg, and an ultrafine cement particle size of 8-12μm and a specific surface area of ​​≥8000m² / kg. The cement-based composite filler needs to be vacuum dried at 105℃-115℃ for 3.5h-4.5h before use.

7. The high-elasticity, high-adhesion sprayable waterproof coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The polycarboxylate-based cement modifier is a copolymer of polycarboxylate superplasticizer and acrylamide, with a solid content ≥40wt% and a molecular weight of 8000-12000; the fluorosilicone modified halloysite has a particle size of 45-85nm.

8. A method for preparing a highly elastic and highly adhesive sprayable waterproof coating, characterized in that, The high-elasticity, high-adhesion sprayable waterproof coating according to claims 1-5 includes the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of polyurethane prepolymer: Mix polyether polyol N220 and polyether polyol N330 at a mass ratio of 7:1-9:1, vacuum dry at 115℃-125℃ for 10-13h, add toluene diisocyanate to adjust the isocyanate index R=2.05-2.20, stir and react at 68℃-72℃ for 7.5h-8.5h, then add chain extender and continue the reaction for 0.9h-1.1h, controlling the chain extender to consume 0.38-0.42wt% of NCO groups in the prepolymer, and then seal the discharge. Step 2: Preparation of cement-based composite filler: Mix silica fume and ultrafine cement at a mass ratio of 1.8:1-2.2:1, vacuum dry at 105℃-115℃ for 3.5h-4.5h, and then ball mill at 200r / min for 25min-35min. Step 3: Preparation of fluorosilicone modified halloysite: First, halloysite is ultrasonically dispersed in anhydrous ethanol, then a silane reagent is added and protected with inert nitrogen gas of ≥99.99% purity. Subsequently, a 28wt% ammonia solution is added, and microwave intermittent radiation mode is used with a radiation power of 300W-400W, operating in a cycle of 30s radiation followed by 60s pause, while simultaneously employing gradient temperature control. The first stage involves controlling the temperature at 45℃-50℃ for 5-6 hours. The second stage involves controlling the temperature at 28℃-32℃ for 6-7 hours. Finally, it was obtained by centrifugation, washing, and vacuum drying; Step 4: Preparation of Component A: Add the products from Steps 1-3, γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, polycarboxylate cement modifier, antioxidant 1010, and defoamer to the reactor and stir at 48℃-52℃ for 1.9h-2.1h. Step 5: Prepare component B: Add ketimine latent curing agent JH-326, citric acid, and deionized water to a beaker and stir at 28℃-32℃ for 25min-35min. Step 6, Pretreatment of the substrate: Prepare a 1.0-2.0% aqueous solution of γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, spray it onto the cement substrate and place it at 21℃-25℃ for 12min-22min. Step 7, Spraying Application: The spraying application process is as follows: System debugging: Add components A and B to the two-component storage tank equipped with a weighing sensor, connect the intelligent dripping module to the customized composite nozzle, use a hygrometer to detect the humidity of the substrate, and select the dripping mode according to the humidity value—when the substrate humidity is >60%, select the variable dripping mode and set the A / B dripping rate ratio to 12:1; when the substrate humidity is ≤60%, select the quantitative dripping mode and set the A / B dripping rate ratio to 10:1-12:

1. Atomization parameter settings: Adjust the atomization pressure to 0.4MPa-0.65MPa, control the spraying distance to 30cm-40cm, and adjust the nozzle atomization angle according to the substrate type—set to 55° for flat substrates and 45° for vertical substrates; Layered spraying: The thickness of the first spray is controlled at 0.4mm-0.5mm. After standing for 15min-20min, the second spray is applied. The final total coating thickness is controlled at 0.9mm-1.3mm. After each spray, the thickness error is checked with a laser thickness gauge to ensure that the error is ≤±0.1mm.

9. A spraying system adapted to high-elasticity, high-adhesion waterproof coatings, characterized in that, Includes a two-component storage tank, an intelligent drip module, and a customized composite nozzle; The intelligent dripping module can realize dual-mode dripping of components A and B: in quantitative dripping mode, the dripping rate of component A is controlled at 6mL / s-10mL / s, and the dripping rate of component B is controlled at 0.6mL / s-1.0mL / s, with a dripping rate error ≤±2%; in variable dripping mode, the dripping rate ratio can be automatically adjusted according to the substrate humidity. When the substrate humidity is >60%, the A / B dripping rate ratio is increased to 12:1, and when the substrate humidity is <30%, the A / B dripping rate ratio is reduced to 10:

1. The customized composite nozzle has a "conical gradient orifice + nano-ceramic coating" structure: the nozzle inlet diameter is 8mm, and the outlet diameter is gradient-designed, transitioning from 3mm to 1.5mm; the inner wall of the nozzle is coated with... Nano-coating with a thickness of 50nm-80nm; the nozzle head is equipped with an adjustable atomization angle guide plate with an atomization angle adjustment range of 30°-60°.

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