Application of inorganic salts in promoting seed germination of wild oat and method for removing wild oat weeds

Abstract

The application discloses application of inorganic salt in promoting seed germination of wild oat and a method for removing wild oat weeds, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural weed control, wherein the inorganic salt is a KH2PO4 aqueous solution or a water solution compounded by Na2SeO4 and CaCl2; the concentration of the KH2PO4 aqueous solution is less than 1 g / L; in the water solution compounded by Na2SeO4 and CaCl2, the concentration of Na2SeO4 is 5 mg / L, and the concentration of CaCl2 is 50 mM. The wild oat seed germination promoter can improve the germination rate of wild oat seeds, lays a foundation for subsequent concentrated treatment of germinated wild oat weeds, and effectively reduces the inventory of wild oat seeds in the soil by making the wild oat seeds in the soil germinate massively and uniformly in a short time and then adopting conventional weeding measures, so that the purpose of long-term control of wild oat weed damage is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural weed control technology, specifically relating to the application of an inorganic salt in promoting the germination of wild oat seeds. Background Technology

[0002] Wild oats ( Avena fatua L Oat (Avena sativa) belongs to the genus Avena of the Poaceae family. It is an annual herb, also known as oat grass or bell oat. Wild oats are a globally prevalent noxious farmland weed with a strong ability to reproduce and disperse through seed. They flower and set fruit earlier than wheat, have a strong tillering ability, and compete with crops for water, light, and fertilizer, reducing crop yields. Furthermore, their seeds easily mix with crops, lowering crop quality. Wild oats can spread wheat stripe rust and leaf rust, and also serve as an intermediate host and overwintering and oversummering habitat for viruses such as wheat yellow dwarf disease and various pests.

[0003] Currently, control strategies for wild oats include: plant quarantine, agricultural measures (crop rotation, fallow, deep plowing and weeding, etc.), physical control (manual weeding, mechanical removal, etc.), ecological measures (straw mulching, etc.), and chemical control. Chemical control plays a crucial role in wild oat control due to its high efficiency, speed, and ease of operation, and currently, production mainly relies on chemical herbicides. However, long-term use of chemical herbicides has led to resistance in wild oats to many commonly used herbicides, significantly reducing control effectiveness and causing a series of problems such as environmental pollution and agricultural product quality and safety. While agricultural measures such as crop rotation and fallow can reduce wild oat populations to some extent, they disturb soil structure. Excessive deep plowing may damage soil aggregates, affecting soil fertility and subsequent crop growth. Moreover, it only moves wild oat seeds from the shallow to the deep soil layers; the seed bank and seed viability remain. If plowing is incomplete or the method is not standardized, wild oat seeds may still germinate normally, leading to the failure of the control method.

[0004] Wild oats have a strong reproductive capacity, a large soil seed bank, and dormancy characteristics in their seeds. Therefore, the physical and chemical control methods currently used have little effect, because the control methods only involve tilling the soil to remove the seeds or using chemical herbicides, without removing the wild oat seed bank at the root. As a result, the aggressive growth of wild oat seeds remains difficult to resolve.

[0005] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an application of inorganic salts in promoting the germination of wild oat seeds and a method for controlling wild oat weeds. This solves the technical problem that existing physical and chemical control methods for wild oats are ineffective. The aim is to provide a green and specific germination promoter to induce the early or concentrated germination of wild oat seeds in the soil seed bank, and then completely remove the germinating seedlings by physical means (such as cutting off seedlings), thereby reducing the number of wild oat seed banks at the source and effectively suppressing the harm of wild oats to field crops.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the application of inorganic salts in promoting the germination of wild oat seeds, wherein the inorganic salts are aqueous solutions of KH2PO4 or aqueous solutions of Na2SeO4 and CaCl2; the concentration of the KH2PO4 aqueous solution is less than 1 g / L; and in the aqueous solution of Na2SeO4 and CaCl2, the concentration of Na2SeO4 is 5 mg / L and the concentration of CaCl2 is 50 mM.

[0008] Preferably, the germination temperature is 15~18℃ during the day and 5~8℃ at night.

[0009] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for controlling wild oat weeds. This method involves spraying an aqueous solution of Na₂SeO₄ and CaCl₂ or an aqueous solution of KH₂PO₄ to promote seed germination in the wild oat seed bank in the field, followed by removing the germinated seedlings to completely eliminate the wild oat seed bank and suppress its impact on field crops. The concentration of the KH₂PO₄ aqueous solution is less than 1 g / L; the concentration of Na₂SeO₄ in the aqueous solution of Na₂SeO₄ and CaCl₂ is 5 mg / L, and the concentration of CaCl₂ is 50 mM.

[0010] Preferably, the germination temperature is 15~18℃ during the day and 5~8℃ at night.

[0011] The application of inorganic salts in promoting the germination of wild oat seeds and the method for controlling wild oat weeds in this invention solve the technical problem that existing physical and chemical control methods for wild oat are ineffective, and have the following advantages: (1) This invention actively induces the germination of dormant wild oat seeds in the soil, changing the passive situation of traditional control methods that only target existing weeds. By using a specific concentration of KH2PO4 aqueous solution, or an aqueous solution of Na2SeO4 and CaCl2, the germination rate of wild oat seeds can be increased, causing a large number of wild oat seeds in the soil to break dormancy and germinate uniformly in a short time. Subsequently, the germinated seedlings can be completely removed by physical methods such as manual cutting or mechanical removal, which can significantly reduce the stock of wild oat seeds in the soil from the source. This method does not rely on chemical herbicides, avoiding the potential threats of chemical pollution to the environment and the quality and safety of agricultural products. It also overcomes the drawbacks of deep plowing in agricultural measures, which may damage the soil structure and cannot completely remove the seed bank. Through continuous application, the wild oat seed bank in the soil can be gradually depleted, achieving long-term and effective control of wild oat weed damage.

[0012] (2) The germination promoters used in this invention are green and environmentally friendly, with high safety. They are all common inorganic salts with low cost. At appropriate concentrations, they are environmentally friendly and do not easily cause soil pollution, water pollution, or agricultural product quality and safety issues. They avoid the negative impacts of chemical herbicides and meet the requirements of modern agricultural sustainable development. Detailed Implementation

[0013] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0014] It should be noted that: Unless otherwise specified in the examples, conditions should be followed according to standard conditions or the manufacturer's recommendations. Instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available products. Raw materials and reagents whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available goods or can be prepared using known methods.

[0015] In this invention, all features defined in the form of numerical ranges or percentage ranges, such as numerical values, quantities, contents, and concentrations, are used only for simplicity and convenience. Accordingly, the description of numerical ranges or percentage ranges should be considered as covering and specifically disclosing all possible sub-ranges and individual numerical values ​​(including integers and fractions) within those ranges.

[0016] The features mentioned in this invention can be combined arbitrarily, and all possible combinations should be considered within the scope of this specification, provided that there is no contradiction in the combination of these features. Each feature disclosed in the specification can be replaced by any alternative feature that provides the same, equivalent, or similar purpose. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, the disclosed features are merely general examples of equivalent or similar features.

[0017] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0018] As a weed, current research on wild oats mainly focuses on how to suppress its germination to reduce its harm. However, this invention takes the opposite approach. By screening specific inorganic salts as germination promoters, it actively induces the germination of dormant wild oat seeds in the soil, thereby creating conditions for subsequent concentrated removal. This is fundamentally different from the existing control strategies that mainly rely on suppression. This shift in thinking provides a completely new approach to the control of wild oats.

[0019] Currently, there are few publicly available germination promoters for wild oats, such as potassium nitrate, gibberellin, and sodium azide. While gibberellin can promote wild oat seed germination, it is a plant hormone, expensive, and its long-term or improper use may have potential impacts on the environment and non-target organisms. Furthermore, its effectiveness is easily affected by environmental factors (such as light), resulting in poor stability. Although potassium nitrate has a significant germination effect on wild oats, its long-term use may lead to soil salinization, adversely affecting soil structure and subsequent crop growth. Sodium azide is highly toxic and classified as a high-risk chemical, posing serious safety hazards during production and use, and easily causing persistent pollution to the ecological environment, thus limiting its practical application in agricultural production. In contrast, the KH₂PO₄, Na₂SeO₄, and CaCl₂ selected in this invention are not only inexpensive and readily available, but more importantly, they possess extremely high biocompatibility and environmental friendliness. KH2PO4 effectively improves germination rate and is environmentally friendly when sprayed on the field, causing no residual pollution. Furthermore, as an essential nutrient for plant growth (phosphorus and potassium), it can supplement soil nutrients and improve soil fertility to a certain extent. The aqueous solution of Na2SeO4 and CaCl2 not only promotes oat seed germination, but selenium, as a beneficial trace element, has a positive effect on the soil ecosystem and subsequent crop growth when present in appropriate amounts. CaCl2 can regulate soil structure, improve soil permeability and water retention capacity, and promote plant growth and development, enhancing plant disease resistance and stress resistance. The combined use of these two ingredients not only achieves effective germination of wild oat seeds but also provides essential nutrients to the soil, achieving the dual benefits of promoting germination and improving soil quality. The inorganic salts selected in this invention have no negative impact on the environment when used at the recommended concentration, are safe for non-target organisms, and avoid problems such as herbicide resistance, environmental pollution, and agricultural product quality and safety caused by chemical herbicides. Compared with existing wild oat germination promoters, they have certain advantages in all aspects, and are characterized by being environmentally friendly, having no residue risk, and being low in cost.

[0020] Before planting crops, the target field can be sprayed with a KH2PO4 aqueous solution, or a solution of Na2SeO4 and CaCl2, according to the method of this invention. Under suitable temperature conditions, wild oat seeds in the soil will germinate in large quantities after 7-14 days. When the seedlings grow to the 2-3 leaf stage, before their roots have deeply penetrated, they can be completely removed by physical means. If a small number of ungerminated seeds remain in the field, the above method can be repeated 2-3 weeks after the first treatment to further reduce the stockpile of wild oat seeds in the soil. By inducing germination and removing seeds in a concentrated manner before crop planting, the occurrence of wild oats during the current crop growing season can be effectively reduced, thereby reducing the impact on crop growth.

[0021] The method of this invention can be practically applied in fields, removing weeds without affecting the normal growth of local crops. It is also environmentally friendly, has no side effects, and has economic and industrial value.

[0022] The following specific examples illustrate in detail the application of the inorganic salts provided by this invention in promoting the germination of wild oat seeds and the method for controlling wild oat weeds.

[0023] Experiment Example 1: Effects of different inorganic salts on the germination of wild oat seeds Healthy, mature wild oat seeds were used. Approximately 1 kg of sterilized soil was placed in pots, and 50 seeds were sown per treatment for each plant species. The seeds were evenly scattered on the soil surface and then gently covered with a thin layer of soil (approximately 2–3 mm thick) to simulate a shallow seed bank in the field. Watering was then applied to keep the soil moist. The germination temperature was 15–18°C during the day and 5–8°C at night. Watering was conducted every 5 days to ensure appropriate soil moisture. After 14 days of experimentation, the seed germination rate for each treatment group was recorded.

[0024] Each treatment employed three inducers and one control (CK). Three concentrations of the inducers were prepared (low, medium, and high concentrations, using water as the solvent). Each treatment was replicated three times, and each treatment was planted with 50 seeds. Details of each treatment are as follows:

[0025] (1) Blank control: Wild oats were soaked in deionized water; (2) KH2PO4: 1 g / L, 3 g / L, 5 g / L; (3) CaCl2: 50mM, 100mM, 150mM; (4) Na2SeO4+CaCl2 compound solution: 2mg / L+50mM, 5mg / L+50mM, 10mg / L+50mM.

[0026] The results are shown in Table 1. The experimental results show that potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) at a concentration of 1 g / L can effectively promote the germination of wild oat seeds. The second best result is the compound solution of Na2SeO4 + CaCl2. The 5 mM Na2SeO4 compound solution with 50 mM CaCl2 can also promote the germination of wild oat seeds. It is possible that the selenate in the solution acts as a trace element supplement and has a positive effect on the germination of wild oat seeds.

[0027] Table 1 Effects of different inducing agents on the germination of wild oat seeds ; In summary, the wild oat seed germination promoter of the present invention exhibits a germination-promoting effect. This promoter is not only environmentally friendly but also has low content, avoiding the problems of herbicide resistance and environmental pollution caused by chemical herbicides. It provides a new and sustainable technical approach for controlling wild oats from the root.

[0028] Although the present invention has been described in detail through the preferred embodiments above, it should be understood that the above description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention. Various modifications and substitutions to the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art after reading the above description. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. The application of inorganic salts in promoting the germination of wild oat seeds, characterized in that, The inorganic salt is an aqueous solution of KH2PO4, or an aqueous solution of a mixture of Na2SeO4 and CaCl2; The concentration of the KH2PO4 aqueous solution is less than 1 g / L; In the aqueous solution of Na2SeO4 and CaCl2, the concentration of Na2SeO4 is 5 mg / L and the concentration of CaCl2 is 50 mM.

2. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The germination temperature is 15-18℃ during the day and 5-8℃ at night.

3. A method for controlling wild oat weeds, characterized in that, By spraying an aqueous solution of Na2SeO4 and CaCl2 or an aqueous solution of KH2PO4 to promote the germination of seeds in the field wild oat seed bank, and then removing the germinated seedlings, the wild oat seed bank is completely removed, thus inhibiting the impact of wild oats on field crops. The concentration of the KH2PO4 aqueous solution is less than 1 g / L; the concentration of Na2SeO4 in the Na2SeO4 and CaCl2 aqueous solution is 5 mg / L and the concentration of CaCl2 is 50 mM.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The germination temperature is 15-18℃ during the day and 5-8℃ at night.