A gold silk velvet glaze, a gold silk velvet texture ceramic tile and a ceramic tile preparation method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of building ceramics, and discloses a gold silk velvet glaze, a gold silk velvet texture ceramic tile and a ceramic tile preparation method. According to weight parts, the preparation raw materials of the gold silk velvet glaze include the following: 20-22 parts of quartz, 18-20 parts of potassium feldspar, 10-12 parts of sodium feldspar, 9.5-10 parts of calcite, 15-18 parts of calcined talc and 14.5-16 parts of Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux. The gold silk velvet glaze can significantly reduce the high-temperature viscosity of the gold silk velvet glaze by introducing the Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux, so that the gold silk velvet glaze can fully spread, solidify and exhaust during the firing process, thereby avoiding defects such as insufficient flatness of pinholes and orange peel on the glaze surface. The Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux can inhibit the precipitation of coarse crystals such as calcium feldspar and mullite, promote the formation of microcrystal-glass composite phases and improve the microscopic density of the glaze surface, so that the gold silk velvet glaze can provide a delicate and smooth touch and improve the stain resistance of the gold silk velvet glaze.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building ceramics technology, and in particular to a velvet glaze, a velvet-textured ceramic tile, and a method for preparing the ceramic tile. Background Technology

[0002] In the current field of architectural ceramics, glazes such as satin glaze and velvet glaze, which can achieve a velvety texture, often suffer from problems such as insufficient glaze smoothness, obvious orange peel defects, and poor tactile uniformity due to improper tension control or insufficient air release. At the same time, the glaze's stain resistance is limited, stains easily adhere and penetrate, making cleaning difficult and making it hard to achieve both a high-end velvety feel and practical performance.

[0003] It is evident that existing technologies need improvement and enhancement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a velvet glaze, velvet textured ceramic tiles, and a method for preparing ceramic tiles, in order to solve the problem that existing velvet glazes cannot simultaneously achieve a velvet texture and super stain-resistant performance.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The first aspect of this invention discloses a velvet glaze, wherein the raw materials for preparing the velvet glaze, by weight, include: 20-22 parts of quartz, 18-20 parts of potassium feldspar, 10-12 parts of sodium feldspar, 9.5-10 parts of calcite, 15-18 parts of calcined talc, and 14.5-16 parts of Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux.

[0006] In the aforementioned gold velvet glaze, the Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux includes zinc oxide, strontium carbonate, and barium carbonate, with a mass ratio of (3.5-4):(4-4.5):(7-7.5).

[0007] The gold velvet glaze, by weight, further comprises 15-20 parts of low-temperature frit in its preparation materials; the chemical composition of the low-temperature frit, by mass percentage, includes: SiO2: 45-50%, Al2O3: 12-16%, CaO: 5.0-6.0%, MgO: 5.0-6.0%, K2O: 4-4.5%, Na2O: 1-2%, BaO: 5.0-6.0%, ZnO: 3-4%, SrO: 3-5%.

[0008] A second aspect of the present invention also provides a velvet-textured ceramic tile, which comprises, from top to bottom, a tile body layer, a surface glaze layer, a pattern printing layer, and a velvet glaze layer; the velvet glaze layer is made from the velvet glaze material described above.

[0009] In the aforementioned velvet-textured ceramic tile, the raw materials for preparing the surface glaze layer, by weight, include: 30-35 parts quartz, 20-22 parts calcined alumina, 25-28 parts sodium feldspar, 8-8.5 parts potassium feldspar, 3.5-4 parts calcite, 2-3 parts calcined talc, 3.5-4 parts zirconium silicate, and 0.1 parts titanium dioxide.

[0010] A third aspect of the present invention also provides a method for preparing the aforementioned velvet-textured ceramic tile, comprising the following steps: S10. The raw materials for preparing the glaze layer are put into a ball mill according to the proportion, mixed with water and ball milled to obtain the glaze slurry. S20. The raw materials for preparing the gold velvet glaze are put into a ball mill according to the proportion, mixed with water and ball milled to obtain the gold velvet glaze slurry. S30. Apply the glaze slurry to the surface of the brick body to form a glaze layer; S40. Use an inkjet printer to print ink on the surface of the glaze layer to form a pattern printing layer; S50. Apply the gold velvet glaze paste to the surface of the pattern printing layer to form a gold velvet glaze layer. S60. The brick blank with the gold velvet glaze layer is fired to obtain the gold velvet textured ceramic tile.

[0011] In the preparation method of the gold velvet textured ceramic tile, in step S60, the highest firing temperature is 1190-1220℃ and the firing time is 40-60min.

[0012] In the preparation method of the gold velvet textured ceramic tile, in step S10, the specific gravity of the surface glaze slurry is 1.8-1.9 g / cm³, and in step S30, the glaze application amount of the surface glaze slurry is 498-502 g / cm³. 2 .

[0013] In the preparation method of the gold velvet textured ceramic tile, in step S20, the specific gravity of the gold velvet glaze slurry is 1.8-1.9 g / cm³, and in step S50, the glaze application amount of the gold velvet glaze slurry is 580-585 g / m³. 2 .

[0014] In the preparation method of the gold velvet textured ceramic tile, in step S30, the moisture content of the tile blank layer is ≤0.5%.

[0015] Beneficial effects: The first aspect of this invention provides a velvet glaze. By introducing a Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux, the high-temperature viscosity of the velvet glaze can be significantly reduced, allowing it to spread fully, solidify evenly, and vent properly during firing. This avoids defects such as pinholes and orange peel on the glaze surface due to insufficient smoothness. Furthermore, the Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux can inhibit the precipitation of coarse crystals such as anorthite and mullite, promote the formation of a microcrystalline-glass composite phase, and improve the microstructure density of the glaze surface. This provides a delicate and smooth feel to the velvet glaze surface while also enhancing its anti-fouling properties.

[0016] The second aspect of the present invention provides a velvet-textured ceramic tile. The velvet glaze layer of the ceramic tile, with the help of a Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux system, forms a delicate and warm velvet texture, stable gloss and excellent stain resistance, so that the velvet-textured ceramic tile has both high-end decorative effect and practical and durable characteristics.

[0017] The third aspect of this invention provides a method for preparing velvet-textured ceramic tiles. The preparation method can be implemented on a large scale using existing ceramic tile production lines, and the process is highly stable, making it easy to promote industrialization and mass production. It can efficiently produce high-end ceramic tile products that combine a delicate velvet texture with excellent stain resistance. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the preparation method of the gold velvet textured ceramic tile provided by the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a glaze image of the ceramic tile from Example 1.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a glaze image of the tile in Comparative Example 3.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a glaze image of the tile shown in Comparative Scale 5. Detailed Implementation

[0022] This invention provides a velvet glaze, velvet-textured ceramic tiles, and a method for preparing ceramic tiles. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and effects of this invention clearer and more explicit, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0023] The first aspect of this invention discloses a velvet glaze, which is applied to the surface of a brick blank with an ink pattern to form a velvet glaze layer. Specifically, the raw materials for preparing the velvet glaze include: 20-22 parts of quartz, 18-20 parts of potassium feldspar, 10-12 parts of sodium feldspar, 9.5-10 parts of calcite, 15-18 parts of calcined talc, and 14.5-16 parts of Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux.

[0024] The gold velvet glaze, through the synergistic effect of its various raw materials, can broaden the firing temperature window of the gold velvet glaze, allowing it to fully degas and melt at the firing temperature. This improves the smoothness of the glaze surface and reduces defects such as orange peel. Furthermore, through the synergistic effect of the raw materials, a dense glass phase can be formed during high-temperature firing, providing a delicate and smooth feel to the gold velvet glaze surface. At the same time, it can reduce the surface energy of the glaze surface, weakening the interfacial bonding force between stains and the glaze surface, and improving the anti-fouling performance of the glaze surface.

[0025] Specifically, among the aforementioned raw materials, potassium feldspar introduces components such as SiO2, Al2O3, and K2O into the velvet glaze. K2O, an alkali metal flux, reduces the high-temperature viscosity of the velvet glaze and promotes its uniform spreading on the brick body, thereby reducing defects such as orange peel texture and insufficient smoothness. Furthermore, the combination of potassium and sodium feldspar widens the firing temperature window, allowing the velvet glaze to fully melt and smooth at the firing temperature, ensuring adequate venting and resulting in a delicate velvety texture with fewer pinhole defects. Sodium feldspar introduces Na2O, a highly fluxing agent, into the velvet glaze, which, in synergy with potassium feldspar, improves the smoothness and uniformity of the velvety texture. Calcite decomposes at high temperatures to produce CaO. CaO not only reduces the high-temperature viscosity of the velvet glaze and promotes the formation of the glass phase, but also reacts with SiO2 and Al2O3 components in the velvet glaze to generate anorthite microcrystals, promoting the production of the microcrystalline-glass composite phase. This provides a delicate and smooth feel to the velvet glaze and enhances its stain resistance. Talc introduces MgO into the glaze, reducing surface tension and improving its smoothness and fineness. It also inhibits the growth of anorthite microcrystals, preventing large crystals from damaging the smoothness and uniformity of the velvet texture, effectively reducing dryness and other defects. Furthermore, it regulates the high-temperature viscosity of the glaze, promotes uniform melt spreading and degassing, further enhancing the glaze's density and stain resistance, ensuring a warm, delicate, and long-lasting velvet texture.

[0026] Quartz, as a glass network forger, can provide a SiO2 framework for the velvet glaze. Furthermore, the amount of quartz used can enable the glaze to form a dense glass phase during high-temperature firing, thereby improving the hardness, wear resistance, and stain resistance of the velvet glaze.

[0027] By introducing a Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux into the velvet glaze, a wide-temperature-range fluxing system is formed, which significantly reduces the high-temperature viscosity of the velvet glaze. This allows the glaze to spread fully, solidify evenly, and ensure adequate venting during firing. Simultaneously, the Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux works synergistically with the silicon and aluminum components in the velvet glaze to inhibit the precipitation of coarse crystals such as anorthite and mullite, promoting the formation of a microcrystalline-glass composite phase. This microstructure provides a delicate and smooth feel to the velvet glaze surface and maintains a stable gloss level of 28–38°, avoiding the texture deviations caused by high gloss or completely matte finishes. Furthermore, this ternary fluxing system can synergistically regulate the micro-density of the glaze surface, forming a low-surface-energy dense glass phase. This effectively weakens the interfacial bonding force between stains and the glaze surface, making it difficult for stains such as ink, soy sauce, and coffee to adhere and penetrate, thereby improving the glaze's anti-fouling performance.

[0028] Specifically, the Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux in the aforementioned velvet glaze includes zinc oxide, strontium carbonate, and barium carbonate. Zinc oxide, when used in appropriate amounts, reduces the surface tension of the velvet glaze, promoting a smooth and even glaze spread, thus suppressing orange peel defects. Strontium carbonate broadens the melting temperature range of the glaze, ensuring sufficient degassing while stabilizing high-temperature viscosity, guaranteeing uniform microcrystal precipitation and consistent gloss. Barium carbonate effectively refines microcrystals and suppresses coarse crystals such as anorthite, thereby improving the density and stain resistance of the glaze.

[0029] This invention reveals that if any component of the flux system is missing, even if the weight of the flux remains unchanged, the surface tension of the glaze will become uncontrolled. For example, a lack of barium carbonate in the flux system results in a reduced velvety texture and excessively high gloss on the glaze surface; while a lack of zinc oxide leads to prominent orange-peel defects and a dry feel. Therefore, all three flux components must coexist to simultaneously achieve both a smooth, velvety texture and superior stain resistance.

[0030] In the aforementioned Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux, the mass ratio of zinc oxide, strontium carbonate, and barium carbonate is (3.5–4):(4–4.5):(7–7.5). This invention, by optimizing the mass ratio of the three fluxing components, synergistically achieves low-viscosity melting, thorough degassing, and smooth curing of the velvet glaze over a wide melting temperature range. It also effectively inhibits the precipitation of coarse crystals such as anorthite and mullite in the glaze layer, while balancing the surface tension of the glaze to avoid orange peel defects. Therefore, it imparts a delicate and smooth velvet feel to the glaze and ensures excellent stain resistance.

[0031] To further enhance the texture and stain-resistant properties of the velvet glaze, in a preferred embodiment, the raw materials for preparing the velvet glaze further include 15-20 parts by weight of low-temperature frit. The chemical composition of the low-temperature frit, by mass percentage, includes: SiO2: 45-50%, Al2O3: 12-16%, CaO: 5.0-6.0%, MgO: 5.0-6.0%, K2O: 4-4.5%, Na2O: 1-2%, BaO: 5.0-6.0%, ZnO: 3-4%, SrO: 3-5%. The low-temperature frit can widen the firing window of the velvet glaze, promote glaze melting, and smooth air release; at the same time, it can refine the microcrystalline structure in the velvet glaze layer and inhibit the precipitation of coarse crystals such as anorthite and mullite. Therefore, it can enhance the delicate and smooth touch of velvet and stabilize the gloss of the glaze surface in the range of 28-38°. It can also increase the density of the glaze layer and reduce the surface energy of the glaze surface, thereby enhancing the anti-fouling performance of the glaze surface.

[0032] Furthermore, the chemical composition of the low-temperature frit is similar to that of the raw glaze in the velvet glaze, excluding the low-temperature frit. Therefore, the low-temperature frit and the raw glaze system have good compatibility, which can avoid problems such as phase separation, interface defects, or uneven local melting due to compositional differences during firing, ensuring the overall uniformity and stability of the glaze structure. Secondly, the similar chemical composition allows the low-temperature frit and the raw glaze to melt synchronously and crystallize synergistically at high temperatures, further inhibiting the precipitation of coarse crystals such as anorthite and mullite, which helps to strengthen the uniform formation of the microcrystalline-glass composite phase and can significantly improve the delicate and smooth velvet texture of the glaze surface. In addition, the similar chemical composition of the low-temperature frit and the raw glaze can improve the overall density of the glaze layer, reduce open porosity and surface energy, thereby further enhancing the stain resistance of the glaze surface.

[0033] A second aspect of this invention provides a velvet-textured ceramic tile, comprising, from top to bottom, a tile body layer, a glaze layer, a pattern printing layer, and a velvet glaze layer. The glaze layer forms a highly dense and rigid underlying structure, preventing coloring impurities such as Fe2O3 and MnO in the tile body layer from migrating to the pattern printing layer. This avoids the impurities penetrating into the pattern printing layer during firing, thus preventing them from affecting the color development of the pattern printing layer. Furthermore, the highly dense glaze layer prevents stains from penetrating into the tile body layer. The pattern printing layer is disposed on top of the glaze layer and is formed by curing inkjet ink, giving the velvet-textured ceramic tile a rich decorative effect. The velvet glaze layer covers the surface of the pattern printing layer and is fired from the velvet glaze material described in this invention. Utilizing a Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux system, it forms a delicate and warm velvet texture, stable gloss, and excellent stain resistance, giving the velvet-textured ceramic tile both a high-end decorative effect and practical durability.

[0034] To achieve a highly dense and rigid underlying structure for the glaze layer, in a preferred embodiment, the raw materials for preparing the glaze layer, by weight, include: 30-35 parts quartz, 20-22 parts calcined alumina, 25-28 parts sodium feldspar, 8-8.5 parts potassium feldspar, 3.5-4 parts calcite, 2-3 parts calcined talc, 3.5-4 parts zirconium silicate, and 0.1 parts titanium dioxide.

[0035] In the raw materials used to prepare the glaze layer, the high content of quartz and calcined alumina enables the glaze layer to form a dense silicate network skeleton. At the same time, the zirconium silicate helps to enhance the structural stability of the glaze layer, enabling the glaze layer to form a bottom layer barrier with almost no open pores. This effectively prevents stains from penetrating into the body, thereby significantly improving the overall stain resistance of the velvet textured ceramic tile and preventing coloring impurities such as Fe2O3 and MnO in the tile body from migrating to the pattern printing layer.

[0036] By controlling the amount of potassium and sodium feldspar, as well as calcite and calcined talc in the surface glaze layer, the volume changes of the surface glaze layer and the velvet glaze layer during the firing heating and cooling process can be basically synchronized, thereby avoiding the problem of glaze peeling and cracking caused by stress differences.

[0037] In addition, the high rigidity of the top glaze layer provides a stable substrate for the velvet glaze, further ensuring the long-term stability of the composite glaze layer composed of the velvet glaze layer and the top glaze layer.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, a third aspect of the present invention also provides a method for preparing the aforementioned velvet-textured ceramic tile, comprising the following steps: S10. The raw materials for preparing the glaze layer are put into a ball mill according to the proportion, mixed with water and ball milled to obtain the glaze slurry. S20. The raw materials for preparing the gold velvet glaze are put into a ball mill according to the proportion, mixed with water and ball milled to obtain the gold velvet glaze slurry. S30. Apply the glaze slurry to the surface of the brick body to form a glaze layer; S40. Use an inkjet printer to print ink on the surface of the glaze layer to form a pattern printing layer; S50. Apply the gold velvet glaze paste to the surface of the pattern printing layer to form a gold velvet glaze layer. S60. The brick blank with the gold velvet glaze layer is fired to obtain the gold velvet textured ceramic tile.

[0039] The method for preparing the gold velvet textured ceramic tile can be implemented on a large scale using existing ceramic tile production lines. It has strong process stability, is easy to promote industrialization and mass production, and can efficiently produce high-end ceramic tile products that combine a delicate gold velvet texture with excellent stain resistance.

[0040] In the preparation method of the aforementioned velvet-textured ceramic tiles, the firing temperature affects the melting behavior, venting, and crystallization effect of the surface glaze and the velvet glaze. Specifically, when the firing temperature is too low, the high-temperature viscosity of the glaze is high, resulting in insufficient melting and inability to expel gases in time. This leads to a large number of pinholes and unmelted particles remaining on the surface of the velvet glaze layer. Simultaneously, the glass phase of the composite glaze layer is discontinuous, the open porosity increases, stains easily penetrate, and the stain-resistant performance is severely reduced. Furthermore, when the firing temperature is too low, the gloss of the velvet glaze layer is uneven, and the velvet texture is rough.

[0041] When the firing temperature is too high, the viscosity of the surface glaze and the velvet glaze becomes too low, resulting in excessive fluidity and making defects such as glaze running and accumulation more likely. Simultaneously, the volatilization of some fluxing components causes the chemical composition of the glaze to deviate from the design values, leading to an excessively high gloss on the velvet glaze surface, a weakened velvet texture, and even the precipitation of large crystals, resulting in a rougher feel. Furthermore, excessively high temperatures can exacerbate the interdiffusion between the surface glaze and the velvet glaze, damaging the interlayer structure and making the glaze layer prone to peeling and cracking.

[0042] In order to balance the melting, degassing, crystallization and interlayer matching of the glaze, and to take into account the delicate texture, excellent anti-fouling and structural stability, while adapting to the existing roller kiln production conditions, broadening the process window and ensuring product consistency, in a preferred embodiment, the highest firing temperature in step S60 is 1190-1220℃ and the firing time is 40-60min.

[0043] The specific gravity and application amount of the glaze slurry affect the thickness and density of the glaze layer. If the specific gravity of the glaze slurry is too low, and the application amount is insufficient, the glaze layer will be thin, lacking sufficient coverage, allowing the base color of the tile body to show through. Furthermore, a thin glaze layer reduces the density of the surface layer, affecting the overall stain resistance of the velvet-textured tile. Conversely, if the specific gravity of the glaze slurry is too high, and the application amount is excessive, the glaze layer will be too thick. This increases shrinkage stress during the drying process, making it prone to drying cracks, leading to glaze shrinkage and peeling after firing. Therefore, to ensure the quality of the glaze layer and improve the overall stain resistance of the velvet-textured tile, in a preferred embodiment, in step S10, the specific gravity of the glaze slurry is 1.8–1.9 g / cm³, and in step S30, the application amount of the glaze slurry is 498–502 g / cm³. 2 .

[0044] The specific gravity and application amount of the velvet glaze directly affect the texture and surface defects of the velvet glaze layer. When the specific gravity of the velvet glaze slurry is too low, the velvet glaze layer is thin; when the application amount is too small, the velvet texture is insufficient, and the risk of orange peel texture increases. Conversely, when the specific gravity of the velvet glaze slurry is too high, and the application amount is too large, the velvet glaze layer is too thick. During firing, the bubble escape path becomes longer, and pinhole defects increase significantly, thus affecting the stain resistance of the velvet glaze surface. Therefore, to ensure the texture of the velvet glaze layer and reduce surface defects in velvet-textured tiles, in a preferred embodiment, the specific gravity of the velvet glaze slurry in step S20 is 1.8–1.9 g / cm³, and the application amount of the velvet glaze slurry in step S50 is 580–585 g / cm³. 2 .

[0045] The moisture content of the brick blank after molding and drying affects the quality of the surface glaze and the velvet glaze. When the moisture content of the brick blank is too high, the water will rapidly vaporize during the initial firing stage of the tile, easily forming bubbles or glaze bubbles in the composite glaze layer. This not only leads to uneven glaze thickness but may even cause localized glaze shrinkage. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of the surface glaze and the velvet glaze layer, reduce glaze surface and glaze layer defects, and improve the physical and chemical properties of the velvet glaze layer, in a preferred embodiment, the moisture content of the brick blank layer in step S30 is ≤0.5%.

[0046] The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples and comparative examples.

[0047] Example 1 This embodiment provides a gold velvet glaze, the raw materials for which, by weight, are: 20 parts quartz, 18 parts potassium feldspar, 10 parts sodium feldspar, 9.5 parts calcite, 15 parts calcined talc, 14.5 parts Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux, and 15 parts low-temperature frit.

[0048] The Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux comprises zinc oxide, strontium carbonate, and barium carbonate. The mass ratio of zinc oxide, strontium carbonate, and barium carbonate is 3.5:4:7.

[0049] The chemical composition of the low-temperature fused block by mass percentage includes: SiO2: 48%, Al2O3: 12%, CaO: 6.0%, MgO: 6.0%, K2O: 4.5%, Na2O: 2%, BaO: 6.0%, ZnO: 4%, SrO: 5%, with the balance being loss on ignition.

[0050] This embodiment also provides a velvet-textured ceramic tile, which, from top to bottom, comprises a tile body layer, a surface glaze layer, a pattern printing layer, and a velvet glaze layer; the velvet glaze layer is prepared using the velvet glaze material provided in this embodiment; by weight, the raw materials for preparing the surface glaze layer include: 30 parts quartz, 20 parts calcined alumina, 25 parts sodium feldspar, 8 parts potassium feldspar, 3.5 parts calcined talc, 2 parts zirconium silicate, 3.5 parts titanium dioxide.

[0051] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing velvet-textured ceramic tiles, including the following steps: S10. The raw materials for preparing the glaze layer are put into a ball mill according to the proportion, mixed with water and ball milled to obtain the glaze slurry. S20. The raw materials for preparing the gold velvet glaze are put into a ball mill according to the proportion, mixed with water and ball milled to obtain the gold velvet glaze slurry. S30. Apply the glaze slurry to the surface of the brick body to form a glaze layer; S40. Use an inkjet printer to print ink on the surface of the glaze layer to form a pattern printing layer; S50. Apply the gold velvet glaze paste to the surface of the pattern printing layer to form a gold velvet glaze layer. S60. The brick blank with the gold velvet glaze layer is fired to obtain the gold velvet textured ceramic tile.

[0052] In step S60, the maximum firing temperature is 1200℃ and the firing time is 45min.

[0053] In step S10, the specific gravity of the glaze slurry is 1.88 g / cm³, and in step S30, the application amount of the glaze slurry is 500 g / cm³. 2 .

[0054] In step S20, the specific gravity of the velvet glaze slurry is 1.88 g / cm³, and in step S50, the application amount of the velvet glaze slurry is 583 g / cm³. 2 .

[0055] In step S30, the moisture content of the brick blank layer is ≤0.5%.

[0056] Example 2 This embodiment provides a gold velvet glaze, the raw materials for which, by weight, are: 21 parts quartz, 19 parts potassium feldspar, 11 parts sodium feldspar, 9.5 parts calcite, 16 parts calcined talc, 15 parts Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux, and 18 parts low-temperature frit.

[0057] The Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux comprises zinc oxide, strontium carbonate, and barium carbonate. The mass ratio of zinc oxide, strontium carbonate, and barium carbonate is 4:4:7.

[0058] The chemical composition of the low-temperature fused block by mass percentage includes: SiO2: 50%, Al2O3: 14%, CaO: 5.5%, MgO: 5.5%, K2O: 4.5%, Na2O: 2%, BaO: 6.0%, ZnO: 4%, SrO: 5%, with the balance being loss on ignition.

[0059] This embodiment also provides a velvet-textured ceramic tile, which, from top to bottom, comprises a tile body layer, a surface glaze layer, a pattern printing layer, and a velvet glaze layer; the velvet glaze layer is prepared using the velvet glaze material provided in this embodiment; by weight, the raw materials for preparing the surface glaze layer include: 32 parts quartz, 21 parts calcined alumina, 26 parts sodium feldspar, 8 parts potassium feldspar, 3.5 parts calcined talc, 2 parts zirconium silicate, 3.5 parts titanium dioxide.

[0060] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing velvet-textured ceramic tiles, which is the same as the method provided in Embodiment 1.

[0061] Example 3 This embodiment provides a gold velvet glaze, the raw materials for which, by weight, are: 22 parts quartz, 20 parts potassium feldspar, 12 parts sodium feldspar, 10 parts calcite, 18 parts calcined talc, 16 parts Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux, and 20 parts low-temperature frit.

[0062] The Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux comprises zinc oxide, strontium carbonate, and barium carbonate. The mass ratio of zinc oxide, strontium carbonate, and barium carbonate is 4:4.5:7.5.

[0063] The chemical composition of the low-temperature fused block by mass percentage includes: SiO2: 45%, Al2O3: 16%, CaO: 6.0%, MgO: 6.0%, K2O: 4.5%, Na2O: 2%, BaO: 6.0%, ZnO: 4%, SrO: 5%, with the balance being loss on ignition.

[0064] This embodiment also provides a velvet-textured ceramic tile, which, from top to bottom, comprises a tile body layer, a surface glaze layer, a pattern printing layer, and a velvet glaze layer; the velvet glaze layer is prepared using the velvet glaze material provided in this embodiment; by weight, the raw materials for preparing the surface glaze layer include: Quartz 35 parts, calcined alumina 22 parts, sodium feldspar 28 parts, potassium feldspar 8.5 parts, calcite 4 parts, calcined talc 3 parts, zirconium silicate 4 parts, titanium dioxide 0.1 parts.

[0065] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing velvet-textured ceramic tiles, which is the same as the method provided in Embodiment 1.

[0066] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a velvet glaze, the raw materials for which, by weight, are: 20 parts quartz, 18 parts potassium feldspar, 10 parts sodium feldspar, 9.5 parts calcite, 15 parts calcined talc, 7.25 parts Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux, and 15 parts low-temperature frit.

[0067] The Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux comprises zinc oxide, strontium carbonate, and barium carbonate. The mass ratio of zinc oxide, strontium carbonate, and barium carbonate is 3.5:4:7.

[0068] The chemical composition of the low-temperature fused block by mass percentage includes: SiO2: 48%, Al2O3: 12%, CaO: 6.0%, MgO: 6.0%, K2O: 4.5%, Na2O: 2%, BaO: 6.0%, ZnO: 4%, SrO: 5%, with the balance being loss on ignition.

[0069] This comparative example also provides a velvet-textured ceramic tile, comprising, from top to bottom, a tile body layer, a surface glaze layer, a pattern printing layer, and a velvet glaze layer; the velvet glaze layer is prepared using the velvet glaze material provided in this comparative example; by weight, the raw materials for preparing the surface glaze layer include: 30 parts quartz, 20 parts calcined alumina, 25 parts sodium feldspar, 8 parts potassium feldspar, 3.5 parts calcined talc, 2 parts zirconium silicate, 3.5 parts titanium dioxide.

[0070] This comparative example also provides a method for preparing velvet-textured ceramic tiles, which is the same as the method provided in Example 1.

[0071] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides a velvet glaze, the raw materials for which, by weight, are: 20 parts quartz, 18 parts potassium feldspar, 10 parts sodium feldspar, 9.5 parts calcite, 15 parts calcined talc, and 14.5 parts Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux.

[0072] The Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux comprises zinc oxide, strontium carbonate, and barium carbonate. The mass ratio of zinc oxide, strontium carbonate, and barium carbonate is 3.5:4:7.

[0073] This comparative example also provides a velvet-textured ceramic tile, comprising, from top to bottom, a tile body layer, a surface glaze layer, a pattern printing layer, and a velvet glaze layer; the velvet glaze layer is prepared using the velvet glaze material provided in this comparative example; by weight, the raw materials for preparing the surface glaze layer include: 30 parts quartz, 20 parts calcined alumina, 25 parts sodium feldspar, 8 parts potassium feldspar, 3.5 parts calcined talc, 2 parts zirconium silicate, 3.5 parts titanium dioxide.

[0074] This comparative example also provides a method for preparing velvet-textured ceramic tiles, which is the same as the method provided in Example 1.

[0075] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example provides a gold velvet glaze, the raw materials for which, by weight, are: 20 parts quartz, 28 parts potassium feldspar, 14.5 parts sodium feldspar, 9.5 parts calcite, 15 parts calcined talc, and 15 parts low-temperature frit.

[0076] The chemical composition of the low-temperature fused block by mass percentage includes: SiO2: 48%, Al2O3: 12%, CaO: 6.0%, MgO: 6.0%, K2O: 4.5%, Na2O: 2%, BaO: 6.0%, ZnO: 4%, SrO: 5%, with the balance being loss on ignition.

[0077] This comparative example also provides a velvet-textured ceramic tile, comprising, from top to bottom, a tile body layer, a surface glaze layer, a pattern printing layer, and a velvet glaze layer; the velvet glaze layer is prepared using the velvet glaze material provided in this comparative example; by weight, the raw materials for preparing the surface glaze layer include: 30 parts quartz, 20 parts calcined alumina, 25 parts sodium feldspar, 8 parts potassium feldspar, 3.5 parts calcined talc, 2 parts zirconium silicate, 3.5 parts titanium dioxide.

[0078] This comparative example also provides a method for preparing velvet-textured ceramic tiles, which is the same as the method provided in Example 1.

[0079] Comparative Example 4 This comparative example provides a gold velvet glaze, the raw materials for which, by weight, are: 20 parts quartz, 18 parts potassium feldspar, 10 parts sodium feldspar, 9.5 parts calcite, 15 parts calcined talc, 14.5 parts binary flux, and 15 parts low-temperature frit.

[0080] The binary flux consists of zinc oxide and strontium carbonate. The mass ratio of zinc oxide to strontium carbonate is 10.5:4.

[0081] The chemical composition of the low-temperature fused block by mass percentage includes: SiO2: 48%, Al2O3: 12%, CaO: 6.0%, MgO: 6.0%, K2O: 4.5%, Na2O: 2%, BaO: 6.0%, ZnO: 4%, SrO: 5%, with the balance being loss on ignition.

[0082] This comparative example also provides a velvet-textured ceramic tile, comprising, from top to bottom, a tile body layer, a surface glaze layer, a pattern printing layer, and a velvet glaze layer; the velvet glaze layer is prepared using the velvet glaze material provided in this comparative example; by weight, the raw materials for preparing the surface glaze layer include: 30 parts quartz, 20 parts calcined alumina, 25 parts sodium feldspar, 8 parts potassium feldspar, 3.5 parts calcined talc, 2 parts zirconium silicate, 3.5 parts titanium dioxide.

[0083] This comparative example also provides a method for preparing velvet-textured ceramic tiles, which is the same as the method provided in Example 1.

[0084] Comparative Example 5 This comparative example provides a gold velvet glaze, the raw materials for which, by weight, are: 20 parts quartz, 18 parts potassium feldspar, 10 parts sodium feldspar, 9.5 parts calcite, 15 parts calcined talc, 14.5 parts binary flux, and 15 parts low-temperature frit.

[0085] The binary flux includes strontium carbonate and barium carbonate. The mass ratio of strontium carbonate to barium carbonate is 4:10.5.

[0086] The chemical composition of the low-temperature fused block by mass percentage includes: SiO2: 48%, Al2O3: 12%, CaO: 6.0%, MgO: 6.0%, K2O: 4.5%, Na2O: 2%, BaO: 6.0%, ZnO: 4%, SrO: 5%, with the balance being loss on ignition.

[0087] This comparative example also provides a velvet-textured ceramic tile, comprising, from top to bottom, a tile body layer, a surface glaze layer, a pattern printing layer, and a velvet glaze layer; the velvet glaze layer is prepared using the velvet glaze material provided in this comparative example; by weight, the raw materials for preparing the surface glaze layer include: 30 parts quartz, 20 parts calcined alumina, 25 parts sodium feldspar, 8 parts potassium feldspar, 3.5 parts calcined talc, 2 parts zirconium silicate, 3.5 parts titanium dioxide.

[0088] This comparative example also provides a method for preparing velvet-textured ceramic tiles, which is the same as the method provided in Example 1.

[0089] Comparative Example 6 This comparative example provides a velvet glaze, the raw materials for which, by weight, are: 20 parts quartz, 18 parts potassium feldspar, 10 parts sodium feldspar, 9.5 parts calcite, 15 parts calcined talc, 14.5 parts Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux, and 15 parts low-temperature frit.

[0090] The Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux comprises zinc oxide, strontium carbonate, and barium carbonate. The mass ratio of zinc oxide, strontium carbonate, and barium carbonate is 3.5:4:7.

[0091] The chemical composition of the low-temperature fused block by mass percentage includes: SiO2: 48%, Al2O3: 12%, CaO: 6.0%, MgO: 6.0%, K2O: 4.5%, Na2O: 2%, BaO: 6.0%, ZnO: 4%, SrO: 5%, with the balance being loss on ignition.

[0092] This comparative example also provides a velvet-textured ceramic tile, which, from top to bottom, comprises a tile body layer, a surface glaze layer, a pattern printing layer, and a velvet glaze layer; the velvet glaze layer is prepared using the velvet glaze material provided in this embodiment; by weight, the raw materials for preparing the surface glaze layer include: 20 parts quartz, 30 parts calcined alumina, 25 parts sodium feldspar, 8 parts potassium feldspar, 3.5 parts calcined talc, 2 parts zirconium silicate, 3.5 parts titanium dioxide.

[0093] This comparative example also provides a method for preparing velvet-textured ceramic tiles, which is the same as the method provided in Example 1.

[0094] Comparative Example 7 This comparative example provides a velvet glaze, the raw materials for which, by weight, are: 20 parts quartz, 18 parts potassium feldspar, 10 parts sodium feldspar, 9.5 parts calcite, 15 parts calcined talc, 14.5 parts Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux, and 15 parts low-temperature frit.

[0095] The Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux comprises zinc oxide, strontium carbonate, and barium carbonate. The mass ratio of zinc oxide, strontium carbonate, and barium carbonate is 3.5:4:7.

[0096] The chemical composition of the low-temperature fused block by mass percentage includes: SiO2: 48%, Al2O3: 12%, CaO: 6.0%, MgO: 6.0%, K2O: 4.5%, Na2O: 2%, BaO: 6.0%, ZnO: 4%, SrO: 5%, with the balance being loss on ignition.

[0097] This comparative example also provides a velvet-textured ceramic tile, which, from top to bottom, comprises a tile body layer, a surface glaze layer, a pattern printing layer, and a velvet glaze layer; the velvet glaze layer is prepared using the velvet glaze material provided in this embodiment; by weight, the raw materials for preparing the surface glaze layer include: Quartz 33.5 parts, calcined alumina 20 parts, sodium feldspar 25 parts, potassium feldspar 8 parts, calcite 3.5 parts, calcined talc 2 parts, titanium dioxide 0.1 parts.

[0098] This comparative example also provides a method for preparing velvet-textured ceramic tiles, which is the same as the method provided in Example 1.

[0099] Performance tests were conducted on the velvet-textured ceramic tiles provided in the above embodiments and comparative examples. The tests included gloss (60° incident angle), stain resistance, and abrasion resistance. The appearance and texture of the tile glaze were also evaluated. The abrasion resistance test was conducted according to the standard GB / T 4100-2015 "Ceramic Tiles," and the stain resistance test was conducted according to the standard GB / T3810.14 "Ceramic Tiles Test Methods Part 14: Determination of Stain Resistance." The test results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0100]

[0101] As can be seen from the test results in Table 1, the gloss of the velvet-textured ceramic tile glaze provided in Examples 1 to 3 can be kept stable at around 30°, avoiding texture deviations caused by high gloss or complete matte finishes; furthermore, the glaze has a delicate and soft touch, with no obvious glaze defects, and retains the velvet texture (such as...). Figure 2 (As shown); at the same time, the glaze has a stain resistance level of 5 and a wear resistance level of 4, with excellent physical and chemical properties, so that the gold velvet textured tiles have both high-end decorative effect and practical durability.

[0102] Furthermore, comparing the velvet-textured ceramic tile provided in Comparative Example 1 with the ceramic tile provided in Example 1, it was found that the velvet-textured ceramic tile provided in Comparative Example 1 exhibited reduced glaze wear resistance, stain resistance, and gloss. Additionally, the glaze showed slight orange-peel defects and a slightly dry texture. This is because the amount of Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux in the velvet glaze used in Comparative Example 1 was reduced, leading to an increase in the high-temperature melting viscosity of the velvet glaze. During firing, the glaze's spreadability was insufficient, failing to form a continuous and smooth glass phase structure, resulting in orange-peel defects. Simultaneously, the increased open porosity of the glaze surface made it easier for stains to adhere and penetrate, reducing stain resistance and wear resistance. Furthermore, the insufficient proportion of the low-temperature eutectic system prevented effective suppression of coarse crystal precipitation, thus deteriorating the glaze's tactile feel.

[0103] Furthermore, comparing the velvet-textured ceramic tile provided in Comparative Example 2 with the ceramic tile provided in Example 1, it was found that the wear resistance and stain resistance of the glaze of the velvet-textured ceramic tile provided in Comparative Example 2 were reduced, and a small number of fine pinholes were present in the velvet glaze layer. This is because Comparative Example 2 did not use a low-temperature frit in the velvet glaze, resulting in a slightly narrower firing window, a slight decrease in melting uniformity, and slightly weaker venting, thus causing a very small number of fine pinholes, which in turn affected the wear resistance and stain resistance and other physical and chemical properties.

[0104] Furthermore, comparing the velvet-textured ceramic tile provided in Comparative Example 3 with the ceramic tile provided in Example 1, it was found that the velvet-textured ceramic tile provided in Comparative Example 3 had increased gloss on the glaze, exhibiting a bright effect. However, after firing, the glaze surface showed severe orange-peel defects, resulting in an uneven surface (see...). Figure 3 The texture of the velvet glaze in Comparative Example 3 was rough and dry, completely lacking the characteristic velvet feel. This was because the velvet glaze used in Comparative Example 3 did not use a Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux. Furthermore, the increased use of highly fluxing potassium and sodium feldspar resulted in excessively low viscosity and high fluidity of the glaze melt at high temperatures, along with a violent and uneven venting process. During cooling, the glaze melt could not fully retract and level under surface tension, instead forming orange-peel defects due to localized compositional inhomogeneity, making it easier for stains to penetrate the velvet glaze layer. Additionally, the lack of microcrystal-forming elements resulted in a uniform glassy phase in the velvet glaze layer, leading to a higher gloss and a dry feel.

[0105] The test results of Comparative Examples 4 and 5 show that the absence of any component in the Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux has a significant adverse effect on the gloss, smoothness, density, stain resistance and wear resistance of the glaze, resulting in pinholes or orange peel defects on the glaze, a dry velvety feel, and reduced stain resistance and wear resistance. It is impossible to obtain a glaze effect that combines a delicate velvety texture with excellent practical performance.

[0106] Furthermore, comparing the velvet-textured ceramic tile provided in Comparative Example 6 with the ceramic tile provided in Example 1, it was found that the gloss of the glaze of the velvet ceramic tile provided in Comparative Example 6 fluctuated greatly, and the glaze surface showed network cracks, resulting in decreased wear resistance and stain resistance. This is because the glaze used in Comparative Example 6 had an excessively high content of calcined alumina and a reduced content of quartz, which led to a significant increase in the high-temperature viscosity of the glaze under the existing firing regime, resulting in decreased melt fluidity. During firing, the glaze layer could not be fully spread, failing to provide a stable adhesion substrate for the velvet glaze. At the same time, the increased coefficient of thermal expansion of the glaze disrupted the thermal expansion matching with the velvet glaze. The difference in shrinkage between the glaze layer and the velvet glaze layer during cooling would generate stress cracks, thereby reducing the wear resistance and stain resistance of the glaze surface, and thus affecting the texture of the glaze surface.

[0107] Furthermore, comparing the velvet texture provided in Comparative Example 7 with the ceramic tile provided in Example 1, it was found that the color of the tile body layer appeared in the glaze. This is because the surface glaze used in Comparative Example 7 did not use zirconium silicate. Zirconium silicate plays a role in structural stability, improving chemical durability and abrasion resistance in the surface glaze, while also assisting in opacification. The removal of zirconium silicate slightly reduces the density of the glaze, increases micropores, and increases the penetration path of stains; simultaneously, the hardness of the surface glaze decreases, and its abrasion resistance decreases. Although the velvet glaze surface still has a certain degree of stain resistance, defects in the surface glaze layer lead to a decrease in the overall stain resistance and abrasion resistance of the composite glaze layer.

[0108] It is understood that those skilled in the art can make equivalent substitutions or modifications to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, and all such substitutions or modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A gold velvet glaze, characterized in that, The raw materials for preparing the gold velvet glaze, by weight, include: 20-22 parts quartz, 18-20 parts potassium feldspar, 10-12 parts sodium feldspar, 9.5-10 parts calcite, 15-18 parts calcined talc, and 14.5-16 parts Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux.

2. The gold velvet glaze according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Ba-Zn-Sr ternary flux includes zinc oxide, strontium carbonate, and barium carbonate, with a mass ratio of (3.5-4):(4-4.5):(7-7.5).

3. The velvet glaze according to claim 1, characterized in that, By weight, the raw materials for preparing the gold velvet glaze also include 15-20 parts of low-temperature frit; the chemical composition of the low-temperature frit by mass percentage includes: SiO2: 45-50%, Al2O3: 12-16%, CaO: 5.0-6.0%, MgO: 5.0-6.0%, K2O: 4-4.5%, Na2O: 1-2%, BaO: 5.0-6.0%, ZnO: 3-4%, SrO: 3-5%.

4. A velvet-textured ceramic tile, characterized in that, From top to bottom, it includes a brick blank layer, a surface glaze layer, a pattern printing layer, and a gold velvet glaze layer; the gold velvet glaze layer is made from the gold velvet glaze material as described in any one of claims 1-3.

5. The velvet-textured ceramic tile according to claim 4, characterized in that, The raw materials for preparing the glaze layer, by weight, include: 30-35 parts quartz, 20-22 parts calcined alumina, 25-28 parts sodium feldspar, 8-8.5 parts potassium feldspar, 3.5-4 parts calcite, 2-3 parts calcined talc, 3.5-4 parts zirconium silicate, and 0.1 parts titanium dioxide.

6. A method for preparing a velvet-textured ceramic tile as described in any one of claims 4-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S10. The raw materials for preparing the glaze layer are put into a ball mill according to the proportion, mixed with water and ball milled to obtain the glaze slurry. S20. The raw materials for preparing the gold velvet glaze are put into a ball mill according to the proportion, mixed with water and ball milled to obtain the gold velvet glaze slurry. S30. Apply the glaze slurry to the surface of the brick body to form a glaze layer; S40. Use an inkjet printer to print ink on the surface of the glaze layer to form a pattern printing layer; S50. Apply the gold velvet glaze paste to the surface of the pattern printing layer to form a gold velvet glaze layer. S60. The brick blank with the gold velvet glaze layer is fired to obtain the gold velvet textured ceramic tile.

7. The method for preparing velvet-textured ceramic tiles according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S60, the highest firing temperature is 1190–1220°C, and the firing time is 40–60 min.

8. The method for preparing velvet-textured ceramic tiles according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S10, the specific gravity of the glaze slurry is 1.8–1.9 g / cm³, and in step S30, the application amount of the glaze slurry is 498–502 g / cm³. 2 .

9. The method for preparing velvet-textured ceramic tiles according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S20, the specific gravity of the velvet glaze slurry is 1.8–1.9 g / cm³, and in step S50, the application amount of the velvet glaze slurry is 580–585 g / cm³. 2 .

10. The method for preparing velvet-textured ceramic tiles according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S30, the moisture content of the brick blank layer is ≤0.5%.

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