A nozzle guide vane integrated ring slit type air inlet head and combustion chamber

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of aero-engine combustion chambers, and discloses a nozzle guide vane integrated ring slit type air inlet head and a combustion chamber. A guide vane is arranged between the air supply channel of a cap cover and a nozzle, the guide vane blocks the middle region of the air supply channel, a ring slit type air inlet is formed between the guide vane and the cap cover, the airflow entering from the air supply channel enters the inside of the cap cover through the ring slit type air inlet after being guided by the guide vane, the airflow passing through the diffuser can flow naturally along the wall, smooth airflow from the front diffuser to the nozzle and the two-channel is realized, the phenomena of head overflow, cap cover airflow separation and the like caused by the fact that the airflow passing through the diffuser cannot smoothly reach the cap cover under the condition of a large opening of the cap cover are avoided, and the flow resistance loss is reduced. Meanwhile, an air inlet assembly is arranged on the guide vane, part of the airflow entering from the air supply channel can be guided to the air inlet end of the nozzle, the air inlet amount of the middle region of the nozzle is supplemented, and the air inlet uniformity of the nozzle is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aero-engine combustion chamber technology, and discloses an integrated circumferential slit-type air intake head and combustion chamber with nozzle guide vanes. Background Technology

[0002] Aero engines are crucial equipment in the power field, and the combustion chamber is its core component. The shroud, located between the diffuser and the nozzle (including the vortex generator), is a component used for airflow guidance at the front end of the combustion chamber. Currently, advanced aero engine combustion chambers are all annular layouts, and the shrouds often adopt an integrated inner and outer ring structure or a separate inner and outer ring structure. In an integrated shroud, the inner and outer rings are a single unit, with openings on the annular shroud according to the nozzle (including the vortex generator) mounting position. In a separate shroud, the inner and outer rings are separate components, with a full annular groove between the inner and outer rings, through which the nozzle enters its mounting position.

[0003] Current combustion chamber development primarily focuses on high-temperature combustion and low-emission combustion. A common requirement and characteristic is a significant increase in the intake air volume at the combustion chamber head, potentially more than doubling compared to traditional combustion chambers. This large influx of air from the combustion chamber head leads to a significant increase in the size of the combustion chamber nozzles (including vortex generators). In recent years, hydrogen combustion chamber technology has developed rapidly, with nozzles often featuring an integrated injection and flame stabilization structure. Furthermore, due to the low density of hydrogen fuel, the nozzle size has increased significantly. To accommodate this significant increase in nozzle size and ensure ease of assembly and maintenance, the orifice size on the shroud also needs to be significantly increased. However, this increased orifice area leads to a decrease in the shroud's flow guiding effect, resulting in increased flow separation and flow losses. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated circumferential slit-type air intake head and combustion chamber with nozzle guide plate, which can avoid the problems of head overflow and airflow separation caused by the inflow through the diffuser not being able to reach the hood smoothly under the condition of large opening of the hood, thereby reducing flow resistance loss and improving nozzle air intake uniformity.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned technical effects, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A slit-type air intake head with an integrated nozzle guide vane includes: The nozzle, located at the inlet end of the flame tube, is used to inject fuel into the flame tube; A deflector is positioned between the air supply channel and the nozzle of the cap to block the middle area of ​​the air supply channel, thereby forming an annular air inlet between the deflector and the cap. The air intake assembly, located on the deflector plate, is used to guide a portion of the airflow entering from the air supply channel to the air intake end of the nozzle.

[0007] Furthermore, the axial profile of the guide plate is streamlined, and the outer contour of the guide plate is elliptical.

[0008] Furthermore, the air intake assembly is one or a combination of at least two of the following: circular, elliptical, irregularly shaped holes or slots.

[0009] Furthermore, the air supply channel is a cap hole provided on the cap, and the cap hole and the guide plate form an annular slit-shaped air inlet surrounding the guide plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the cap has a split structure, comprising an inner ring cover and an outer ring cover, with the inner ring cover and the outer ring cover spaced apart to form an air supply channel for the cap.

[0011] Furthermore, the guide plate is configured as a split structure of an inner ring plate and an outer ring plate, and the annular air inlet includes an inner ring groove formed between the inner ring plate and the inner ring cover, and an outer ring groove formed between the outer ring plate and the outer ring cover.

[0012] Furthermore, an intermediate slot serving as an air intake assembly is provided between the inner ring plate and the outer ring plate at an interval.

[0013] To achieve the above-mentioned technical effects, the present invention also provides a combustion chamber, wherein the combustion chamber is provided with an annular slit-type air intake head that integrates the nozzle guide plate.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention adds a guide plate structure to the traditional cap structure, which ensures nozzle installation and maintenance while avoiding flow overflow and separation caused by large-aperture caps. The relay of the guide plate and the cap enables smooth airflow from the pre-diffuser to the nozzle and the two channels, reducing the flow loss caused by large-sized nozzles and large-aperture caps.

[0015] 2. This invention "vents" the flow by opening holes / grooves at locations with large adverse pressure gradients where flow separation is easy, allowing low-velocity airflow in the boundary layer to enter the inside of the cap. This avoids flow separation caused by adverse pressure gradients in diffused flow and further reduces flow losses. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the combustion chamber of an annular slit-type air intake head with an integrated nozzle guide vane; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the air intake assembly on the guide plate having circular holes; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the air intake assembly on the guide plate having an annular hole; Figure 4This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the split-type hood and the split-type deflector. The components include: 1. Nozzle; 2. Flame tube; 3. Baffle plate; 301. Inner ring plate; 302. Outer ring plate; 4. Cap; 401. Inner ring cover; 402. Outer ring cover; 5. Air supply channel; 6. Annular slit-shaped air inlet; 601. Inner ring groove; 602. Outer ring groove; 7. Air intake assembly; 701. Intermediate groove; 8. Fuel supply pipeline; 9. Outer casing; 10. Inner casing; 11. Pre-diffuser channel; 12. Inner ring two-channel; 13. Outer ring two-channel. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0018] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 3 A slit-type air intake head with an integrated nozzle guide vane, comprising: Nozzle 1 is located at the inlet end of flame tube 2 and is used to inject fuel into flame tube 2; The guide plate 3 is located between the air supply channel 5 and the nozzle 1 of the cap 4, and is used to block the middle area of ​​the air supply channel 5 to form an annular air inlet 6 between the guide plate 3 and the cap 4. The air intake assembly 7 is located on the guide plate 3 and is used to guide part of the airflow entering from the air supply channel 5 to the air intake end of the nozzle 1.

[0019] In this embodiment, a guide plate 3 is provided between the air supply channel 5 of the cap 4 and the nozzle 1. The guide plate 3 blocks the middle area of ​​the air supply channel 5 to form an annular air inlet 6 between the guide plate 3 and the cap 4. The airflow entering from the air supply channel 5 of the cap 4 is guided by the guide plate 3 and enters the interior of the cap 4 through the annular air inlet. This allows the incoming flow through the diffuser to flow naturally along the wall, realizing the smooth flow of airflow from the front diffuser to the nozzle 1 and the two channels. This avoids the phenomenon of head overflow and airflow separation in the cap 4 due to the large opening of the cap 4, which prevents the incoming flow through the diffuser from reaching the cap 4 smoothly. This reduces flow resistance loss. At the same time, an air intake component 7 is provided on the guide plate 3, which can guide part of the airflow entering from the air supply channel 5 to the air intake end of the nozzle 1 to supplement the air intake volume in the middle area of ​​the nozzle 1 and improve the air intake uniformity of the nozzle 1.

[0020] In this embodiment, when the air intake demand in the middle region of nozzle 1 is large, the guide plate 3 itself can also adopt a ring structure, connected to the fuel line through a few connecting rods, forming a large area air intake hole as the air intake assembly 7, such as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0021] Example 2 A combustion chamber, the structure of which is as follows Figure 1 As shown, it includes an outer combustion chamber 9, an inner combustion chamber 10, a fuel supply line 8, a nozzle 1 (the specific structure is not shown, but is represented by a disc), a baffle 3, a cap 4, and a flame tube 2.

[0022] In this embodiment, the outer casing 9 and the inner casing 10 of the combustion chamber are coaxially fitted together, forming a front diffuser channel 11 between them. The flame tube 2 is connected downstream of the cap 4, forming the main combustion zone cavity of the combustion chamber. The cap 4 has a cap hole (air supply channel 5) on its skirt, and the nozzle 1 passes through the cap hole and engages with the flame tube 2.

[0023] The guide plate 3 is positioned between the air supply channel 5 and the nozzle 1 of the cap 4. In this embodiment, the guide plate 3 has an elliptical outline with a radial dimension larger than its circumferential dimension (the major axis of the ellipse is located radially, and the minor axis is located circumferentially), used to block the central area of ​​the cap orifice. The guide plate 3 is fixedly connected to the fuel supply pipeline 8 and the nozzle 1, forming an integrated structure, and is installed or removed together with the nozzle 1. Because the guide plate 3 blocks the central area of ​​the cap orifice, only annular air inlet 6 remains between the outer edge of the guide plate 3 and the inner wall of the cap 4.

[0024] The air intake assembly 7 is formed on the guide plate 3. Specifically, in this embodiment, the air intake assembly 7 is a circular through hole, arranged in a circular array along the surface of the guide plate 3. Of course, in actual manufacturing, the shape of the air intake assembly 7 is not limited to a circle, but can also be an ellipse, an irregular hole, or a groove; the arrangement can also be a rectangular array or a non-uniform arrangement.

[0025] During operation, the incoming airflow first passes through the pre-diffuser channel 11 for deceleration and pressurization. After impacting the guide plate 3, the airflow splits into two paths: the first path enters the interior of the cap 4 directly through the intake assembly 7 on the guide plate 3, supplementing the intake volume in the middle region of the nozzle 1 and improving intake uniformity; the second path enters the interior of the cap 4 through the annular slit-shaped intake port 6 between the guide plate 3 and the cap 4. Utilizing the matching of the opening / slot positions of the intake assembly 7 and the annular slit-shaped intake port 6 with the airflow flow, a "venting" structure is created to introduce low-speed airflow within the boundary layer into the cap 4, suppressing flow separation under the adverse pressure gradient. The airflow then enters the inner annular two-channel 12 and the outer annular two-channel 13 respectively, for cooling and mixing the walls of the flame tube 2. Both airflows ultimately enter the flame tube 2 to participate in combustion.

[0026] Example 3 like Figure 4As shown, the difference between this embodiment and the aforementioned embodiment 1 is that the cap 4 adopts a split design, including an outer ring cover 402 and an inner ring cover 401 that are independent of each other; correspondingly, the guide plate 3 is also split into an outer ring plate 302 and an inner ring plate 301.

[0027] An outer ring groove 602 is formed between the outer ring plate 302 and the outer ring cover 402; an inner ring groove 601 is formed between the inner ring plate 301 and the inner ring cover 401; a gap exists between the outer ring plate 302 and the inner ring plate 301, forming an intermediate groove 701.

[0028] Airflow enters the interior of the cap 4 through three channels: the outer ring groove 602, the inner ring groove 601, and the middle groove 701. This split design facilitates independent optimization of the groove size and the profile of the guide plate 3 for different annular cavities (inner ring and outer ring), further reducing flow loss and making assembly and maintenance easier.

[0029] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A circumferential slit-type air intake head with an integrated nozzle guide plate, characterized in that, include: The nozzle (1) is located at the inlet end of the flame tube (2) and is used to inject fuel into the flame tube (2); A cap (4) with an air supply channel (5) on it; The guide plate (3) is located between the air supply channel (5) and the nozzle (1) of the cap (4) to block the middle area of ​​the air supply channel (5) so as to form an annular air inlet (6) between the guide plate (3) and the cap (4). An air intake assembly (7) is provided on the guide plate (3) for guiding part of the airflow entering from the air supply channel (5) to the air intake end of the nozzle (1).

2. The integrated nozzle guide plate and annular slit-type air intake head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide plate (3) has a streamlined profile along the axial direction, and the outer contour of the guide plate (3) is an elliptical structure.

3. The integrated nozzle guide plate and annular slit-type air intake head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air intake assembly (7) is one or a combination of at least two of the following: circular, elliptical, irregularly shaped holes or slots.

4. The integrated nozzle guide plate and annular slit-type air intake head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air supply channel (5) is a cap (4) hole provided on the cap (4), and the cap (4) hole and the guide plate (3) form an annular slit-shaped air inlet (6) around the guide plate (3).

5. The annular slit-type air intake head with integrated nozzle guide plate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cap (4) is a split structure, which includes an inner ring cover (401) and an outer ring cover (402). The inner ring cover (401) and the outer ring cover (402) are spaced apart to form an air supply channel (5) for the cap (4).

6. The integrated nozzle guide plate and annular slit-type air intake head according to claim 5, characterized in that, The guide plate (3) is configured as a split structure of an inner ring plate (301) and an outer ring plate (302); the annular air inlet (6) includes an inner ring groove (601) formed between the inner ring plate (301) and the inner ring cover (401), and an outer ring groove (602) formed between the outer ring plate (302) and the outer ring cover (402).

7. The integrated nozzle guide plate and annular slit-type air intake head according to claim 6, characterized in that, An intermediate slot (701) serving as an air intake assembly (7) is provided between the inner ring plate (301) and the outer ring plate (302).

8. A combustion chamber, characterized in that, The combustion chamber is provided with an annular slit-type air intake head that integrates the nozzle guide plate as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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