A new energy photovoltaic distribution box with magnetic deflection sand and dust prevention and a control method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a new energy photovoltaic distribution box with magnetic deflection sand prevention and a control method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of distribution boxes. The distribution box comprises an exhaust cavity, an electrical cavity and an air inlet cavity. The air inlet cavity comprises a plurality of air inlet channels and a main channel. The inlet end of each air inlet channel is downwardly and obliquely arranged. A deflection cavity is arranged in the middle part. Magnetic guide assemblies are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides of the deflection cavity. Dust collection chambers are arranged on the left and right sides of the deflection cavity. Each dust collection chamber comprises an obliquely arranged dust collection plate. An opening is arranged at the bottom of each dust collection chamber. A dust discharge channel that is in communication with the opening is arranged below each air inlet channel in the same direction. The three-cavity layered box structure ensures the continuous and efficient heat dissipation of the electrical cavity. The magnetic guide assemblies in the deflection cavity realize the magnetic deflection and collection of wind and sand. The dust collection chambers and the dust discharge channels realize the directional discharge of sand and dust. Efficient sand prevention is realized under the premise of ensuring the air inlet amount.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of distribution box technology, and in particular to a new energy photovoltaic distribution box with magnetic deflection for dust prevention and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] New energy photovoltaic distribution boxes are the core power distribution equipment of photovoltaic power stations in deserts, Gobi, and other arid regions. They undertake the core functions of collecting, metering, protecting, and transmitting the electrical energy of photovoltaic strings, directly determining the operational stability of the photovoltaic power station. Desert areas experience high temperatures, strong winds and sandstorms year-round, and large temperature differences between day and night, placing extremely high demands on the heat dissipation performance, sand-proof sealing performance, and unattended operation reliability of distribution boxes. This is one of the core pain points in the operation and maintenance of desert photovoltaic power stations. Existing photovoltaic distribution boxes have inherently conflicting sand-proof and heat dissipation functions. Upgrading the sand-proof structure easily leads to increased wind resistance and decreased heat dissipation efficiency, and is unable to adapt to the variable wind and sand conditions of the desert. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the existing technology and to provide a new energy photovoltaic power distribution box with magnetic deflection to prevent sand and dust, and its control method.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: In a first aspect, this application provides a new energy photovoltaic power distribution box with magnetic deflection for dust prevention, including a box body. The box body is provided with an exhaust chamber, an electrical chamber and an air inlet chamber arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The side wall of the air inlet chamber is provided with a plurality of air inlet channels along the circumference. A main channel connected to each air inlet channel is provided in the middle. The inlet end of the air inlet channel is inclined downward. A deflection chamber is provided in the middle. Magnetic guiding components are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides of the deflection chamber. Dust collection chambers are provided on the left and right sides of the deflection chamber. The dust collection chamber includes inclined dust collection plates. Two dust collection plates are arranged with their upper sides close together and their lower sides open. An opening is provided at the bottom of the dust collection chamber. A dust exhaust channel is inclined in the same direction below the air inlet channel and connected to the opening. One end of the dust exhaust channel is closed and the other end is connected to the outside. The air inlet channel, the main channel, the electrical chamber and the exhaust chamber are sequentially connected to form a heat dissipation channel.

[0005] In some embodiments, the magnetic guiding components on the upper and lower sides are arranged with opposite poles to form a vertical magnetic field perpendicular to the airflow direction in the deflection cavity between them.

[0006] In some embodiments, multiple sets of magnetic guiding components are arranged at intervals along the airflow direction of the deflection cavity, and the magnetic field strength of the vertical magnetic field generated by the multiple sets of magnetic guiding components is arranged in a gradient increasing manner.

[0007] In some embodiments, a flow guiding component is provided at the inlet end of the air inlet channel. The flow guiding component includes several flow guiding blocks with a prismatic cross-section. The long axis of the flow guiding blocks is arranged along the direction of the airflow, and the front tip is the windward end. The several flow guiding blocks are arranged in an n+1 arithmetic progressively expanding staggered array along the axial direction of the air inlet channel. A settling component is provided at the outlet end of the air inlet channel. The settling component includes a first settling plate and two second settling plates. Along the direction of the airflow, the first settling plate is fixed in the center to the front side of the outlet end of the air inlet channel, and the two second settling plates are symmetrically fixed to the upper and lower inner walls of the outlet end of the air inlet channel and located behind the first settling plate.

[0008] In some embodiments, a lower partition is provided between the main channel and the electrical cavity, and an intake fan is provided on the lower partition; an upper partition is provided between the electrical cavity and the exhaust cavity, and a main exhaust fan is provided on the upper partition.

[0009] In some embodiments, the exhaust chamber is arched upward in the middle, and its sidewalls are provided with a plurality of exhaust channels in the circumferential direction, with the outlet end of the exhaust channel inclined downward.

[0010] In some embodiments, a wind-catching device is provided on the top of the housing, and a plurality of auxiliary exhaust fans are provided on the upper partition around the main exhaust fan. The wind-catching device includes a housing, a impeller, and a transmission assembly. The impeller is rotatably disposed inside the housing. A plurality of air inlets are evenly disposed on the side wall of the housing in the circumferential direction. An air outlet is provided at the bottom of the housing. An upper cover and a lower cover are respectively disposed on the top and bottom of each air inlet on the housing. Three partition plates are evenly disposed between the upper cover, the lower cover, and the housing to form three outwardly flared wind-catching ducts. The transmission assembly includes a main gear connected to the impeller and auxiliary gears that are arranged one-to-one with the auxiliary exhaust fans. Each auxiliary gear meshes with the main gear and is connected to the corresponding auxiliary exhaust fan through a connecting shaft.

[0011] In some embodiments, the air inlet channel and the corresponding dust discharge channel are integrally formed into a direct vibration channel unit. One end of the direct vibration channel unit near the outside is connected to the housing through a flexible plate, and the other end is connected to the main channel through a flexible channel. The direct vibration channel unit is equipped with a vibrator, which is used to drive the direct vibration channel unit to generate high-frequency linear vibration along the inclined direction of the channel to directionally discharge accumulated dust.

[0012] In some embodiments, a control system is also included. The magnetic guiding component includes a permanent magnet deflection section and a coil adjustment section arranged sequentially in the deflection cavity along the airflow direction. A set of permanent magnets are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower inner walls of the permanent magnet deflection section, and a set of electromagnetic coils are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower inner walls of the coil adjustment section. A magnetically conductive and magnetically insulating plate is provided between the permanent magnet deflection section and the coil adjustment section. The permanent magnets and electromagnetic coils are rigidly integrated with the direct vibration channel unit through an embedded and epoxy potting structure. A dust concentration sensor is provided at the outlet end of each air inlet channel in the main channel. The intake fan, main exhaust fan, dust concentration sensor, electromagnetic coil, exciter and control system are electrically connected.

[0013] Secondly, this application also provides a control method for a new energy photovoltaic distribution box with magnetic deflection for dust prevention, comprising the following steps: S1: Preset working modes based on environmental data. The working modes include normal energy-saving mode, light dust mode and heavy dust mode. The environmental data includes ambient temperature, ambient dust concentration and wind force level. Each working mode corresponds to a different environmental data trigger range. S2: Acquire real-time environmental data and real-time device operation data; The real-time environmental data includes real-time ambient temperature, real-time ambient dust concentration, and real-time wind speed; the real-time equipment operation data includes: dust concentration at the outlet of each air inlet channel obtained by the dust concentration sensor, internal temperature of the electrical cavity obtained by the temperature sensor, operating parameters of the intake fan, operating parameters of the main exhaust fan, operating parameters of the electromagnetic coil, and operating parameters of the vibrator. S3: Match real-time environmental data with preset trigger intervals to determine the current suitable operating mode, and execute full-link collaborative closed-loop control of the corresponding operating mode in conjunction with real-time equipment operation data. In normal energy-saving mode, all electromagnetic coils are de-energized, and sand prevention is achieved solely by the basic magnetic field of the permanent magnet deflection section; heat dissipation is achieved by passively driving the auxiliary exhaust fan through the wind-catching device, and the heat dissipation output is adaptively adjusted based on the operating status of the wind-catching device, and the exciter is triggered to perform basic direct vibration dust removal according to preset rules. In the light dust mode, only the air intake channel with excessive dust concentration at the outlet is subject to closed-loop adjustment of dust concentration and corresponding electromagnetic coil output power to accurately replenish the deflection magnetic field, while the other air intake channels maintain normal energy-saving operation; at the same time, the vibrator of the channel with excessive dust concentration is triggered to perform directional dust cleaning, and the sand prevention effect is optimized through closed-loop optimization of real-time dust concentration data. In heavy dust mode, the electromagnetic coils controlling the intake fan, main exhaust fan, and all air intake channels are operated, and the operating parameters of the vibrator are dynamically adjusted based on the real-time dust concentration to clear dust accumulation in the channels in real time.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention constructs a through-type heat dissipation channel with bottom inlet and top outlet through a three-chamber layered box structure, ensuring continuous and efficient heat dissipation of the electrical cavity; the magnetic deflection and capture of wind and sand is achieved through the magnetic guiding component in the deflection cavity, and the directional discharge of sand and dust is achieved in conjunction with the dust collection chamber and dust discharge channel, achieving efficient sand prevention while ensuring air intake, breaking the natural contradiction between sand prevention and heat dissipation. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, obtaining other drawings based on these drawings without creative effort still falls within the scope of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a new energy photovoltaic power distribution box with magnetic deflection and dust prevention according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the air intake chamber in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the air intake channel in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the exhaust chamber in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a new energy photovoltaic power distribution box control method for magnetic deflection and dust prevention in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The following description provides specific application scenarios and requirements for this specification, intended to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the contents of this specification. Various partial modifications to the disclosed embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the spirit and scope of this specification. Therefore, this specification is not limited to the embodiments shown, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the claims.

[0018] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "radial", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are mainly for the purpose of better describing this application and its embodiments, and are not intended to limit the indicated device, element or component to have a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0019] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and similar words do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of this application.

[0020] It should be noted that the terms "installation," "setup," "equipped with," "connection," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral structures; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium, or internal connections between two devices, components, or parts.

[0021] It should be noted that the terms "in some embodiments," "exemplarily," and "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described in this application as "in some embodiments," "exemplarily," or "for example" should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of terms such as "in some embodiments," "exemplarily," and "for example" is intended to present related concepts in a specific manner, meaning that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of the above terms in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. Those skilled in the art will explicitly and implicitly understand that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0022] Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] Regarding the accompanying drawings of this application, it should be clearly understood that the drawings are for illustrative and descriptive purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this specification. It should also be understood that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0024] The distribution boxes for desert photovoltaic power stations are exposed to harsh environments of high temperature and strong winds and sandstorms for a long time. Existing equipment generally has the problem of not being able to solve both sand protection and heat dissipation.

[0025] Based on the above issues, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this invention proposes a new energy photovoltaic power distribution box with magnetic deflection for dust prevention, including a box body. The box body has an exhaust chamber 1, an electrical chamber 2 and an air inlet chamber 3 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The electrical chamber 2 is used to install various electrical components and has an independent door structure. The three-chamber layered structure of the upper, middle and lower chambers constructs a through-flow heat dissipation path with bottom inlet and top outlet, which can make full use of the chimney effect of rising hot air to enhance natural heat dissipation.

[0026] The sidewall of the air intake chamber 3 is provided with several air intake channels 4 along the circumference, and a main channel 5 is provided in the middle that is connected to each air intake channel 4. The air intake channels 4 arranged in the circumferential direction can adapt to the wind and sand conditions in desert areas, and can ensure a stable air intake volume regardless of the prevailing wind direction.

[0027] The inlet end of the air intake channel 4 is inclined downwards to prevent rainwater and loose sand from directly entering the channel. At the same time, the air intake chamber 3 should be raised to prevent the air intake channel 4 from being blocked.

[0028] A deflection cavity 6 is provided in the middle of the air inlet channel 4. Magnetic guide components 7 are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides of the deflection cavity 6, and dust collection chambers 8 are arranged on the left and right sides. The magnetic guide components 7 on the upper and lower sides are arranged with opposite poles to form a vertical magnetic field perpendicular to the airflow direction in the deflection cavity between them.

[0029] The dust collection chamber 8 includes two inclined dust collection plates 800, which are arranged with their upper sides close together and their lower sides open. An opening 801 is provided at the bottom of the dust collection chamber 8. Below the air inlet channel 4, an inclined dust exhaust channel 9 communicating with the opening 801 is provided. One end of the dust exhaust channel 9 is closed, and the other end is open to the outside. The air inlet channel 4, main channel 5, electrical cavity 2, and exhaust cavity 1 are sequentially connected to form a heat dissipation channel. This configuration, through the magnetic guiding component 7 within the deflection cavity 6, achieves magnetic deflection and capture of windblown sand. Combined with the dust collection chamber 8 and dust exhaust channel 9, it achieves directional discharge of sand and dust, ensuring efficient sand control while maintaining sufficient airflow, thus completely breaking the natural contradiction between sand control and heat dissipation.

[0030] Preferably, the dust exhaust channel 9 is provided with a door structure at the end that connects to the outside, and the opening degree of the door structure can be controlled according to the dust exhaust requirements.

[0031] Preferably, the side plate of the opening 801 near the air inlet channel 4 is provided with a protective plate inclined towards the dust collection plate 800 to prevent sand and dust in the dust discharge channel 9 from being sucked back into the air inlet channel 4.

[0032] Furthermore, a flow guiding component is provided at the inlet end of the air intake channel 4. The flow guiding component includes several flow guiding blocks 10 with a prismatic cross-section. The streamlined design of the prismatic flow guiding blocks 10 with double tips can minimize the airflow resistance. The long axis of the flow guiding blocks 10 is arranged along the direction of the airflow, and the front tip is the windward end. Several of the flow guiding blocks 10 are arranged in an n+1 arithmetic progressively expanding staggered array along the axial direction of the air intake channel 4, which can cause large particles of sand and dust to undergo inertial collision in the continuously changing flow channel. After losing kinetic energy, they fall to the bottom inclined surface of the air intake channel 4 and are discharged.

[0033] For example, the lateral misalignment of the guide blocks 10 in adjacent columns is 1 / 2 of the center distance between adjacent guide blocks 10, forming a continuously changing, gradually expanding guide channel. The major axis length of the guide block 10 is 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the height of the air inlet channel 4, the minor axis length is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the major axis, and the axial spacing between adjacent columns of guide blocks 10 is 1.5 to 2 times the major axis.

[0034] For example, the flow guide block 10 is arranged in a three-column array. One flow guide block 10 is arranged in the center of the first column along the airflow direction, two flow guide blocks 10 are arranged in the second column in a staggered manner, and three flow guide blocks 10 are arranged in the third column in a staggered manner, forming a continuous deflection channel without a straight-through blind zone.

[0035] Preferably, the substrate of the guide block 10 is made of a material that is far away from the position of the sand and dust particles in the triboelectric sequence, which provides a stable foundation for the magnetic deflection and capture at the back end. Compared with the structure without pre-charge, the magnetic capture efficiency is effectively improved.

[0036] Preferably, an induction enhancement cavity is added in the area between the deflection cavity and the flow guiding component. The enhancement cavity is fixed to an insulating support, a pair of parallel plate induction electrodes, and a high-voltage DC power supply on the inner wall of the air inlet channel. The pair of parallel plate induction electrodes includes two induction electrode plates, which are arranged in parallel opposite directions through the insulating support to form an induction channel for airflow. The negative output terminal of the high-voltage DC power supply is electrically connected to one induction electrode plate, and its positive output terminal is electrically connected to the other induction electrode plate and the grounding shell of the air inlet channel, thereby establishing an enhanced electrostatic field perpendicular to the airflow direction in the induction enhancement cavity. When sand and dust particles carrying initial charges flow through the induction enhancement cavity, they undergo directional migration and enrichment of charges under the action of the enhanced electrostatic field, thereby obtaining a stable enhanced net charge.

[0037] Furthermore, a settling assembly is provided at the outlet end of the air inlet channel 4. The settling assembly includes a first settling plate 11 and two second settling plates 12. Along the direction of the airflow, the first settling plate 11 is fixed in the center at the front side of the outlet end of the air inlet channel 4, and the two second settling plates 12 are symmetrically fixed on the upper and lower inner walls of the outlet end of the air inlet channel 4 and located behind the first settling plate 11. The first settling plate 11 and the second settling plate 12 form a three-stage staggered S-shaped inertial settling channel, which can completely block the uncharged / weakly charged sand and dust that is not captured by the magnetic guiding assembly 7, thus eliminating the sand prevention blind zone, while not forming a closed blockage on the main airflow.

[0038] For example, the height of the first settling plate 11 is 1 / 3 of the height of the inner cavity of the air inlet channel 4; the height of the second settling plate 12 is 1 / 4 of the height of the inner cavity of the air inlet channel 4.

[0039] Preferably, multiple sets of magnetic guiding components 7 are arranged at intervals along the airflow direction of the deflection cavity 6, and the magnetic field strength of the vertical magnetic field generated by the multiple sets of magnetic guiding components 7 is arranged in a gradient increasing manner. This arrangement allows the deflection trajectory of dust particles to gradually transition from a gentle start to a violent deflection, which helps to prevent dust particles from instantly hitting the near-side wall and bouncing due to excessive force at the inlet. Instead, it allows them to accelerate more smoothly and controllably toward the dust collection cavity on the side, improving capture efficiency and reducing secondary re-entrainment.

[0040] In some embodiments, the magnetic guiding component 7 is provided with a sawtooth-shaped high-gradient magnetic pole on its windward side facing the center of the deflection cavity 6, with the tooth tips directly facing the central airflow channel of the deflection cavity 6. The sawtooth-shaped high-gradient magnetic pole can form a local strong gradient magnetic field at the tooth tip position, creating a strong magnetic trapping force for uncharged paramagnetic dust particles, thus overcoming the deficiency of conventional magnetic guiding structures that can only trap electrically charged dust.

[0041] Furthermore, a lower partition 13 is provided between the main channel 5 and the electrical cavity 2, and an intake fan 14 is provided on the lower partition 13. An upper partition 15 is provided between the electrical cavity 2 and the exhaust cavity 1, and a main exhaust fan 16 is provided on the upper partition 15. The intake fan 14 and the main exhaust fan 16 form a forced convection cooling system, which can enhance air circulation within the cooling channel under extreme high-temperature conditions, stabilize the temperature of the electrical cavity 2 within the safe operating range of the components, and prevent inverter and metering element shutdowns caused by high temperatures. The upper and lower partitions 13 achieve complete isolation between the electrical cavity 2 and the intake cavity 3 and exhaust cavity 1, connecting them only through a preset flow channel, further improving the protection level of the equipment. The intake fan 14 and the main exhaust fan 16 should be fans with their own drive sources.

[0042] The exhaust chamber 1 is arched upwards in the middle, and its sidewalls are provided with several exhaust channels 17 along the circumference. The outlet end of the exhaust channel 17 is inclined downwards. The upward arching of the exhaust chamber 1 can enhance the chimney effect and improve the natural ventilation efficiency; the downwardly inclined exhaust channels 17 can prevent rainwater and ground sand from directly entering the exhaust chamber 1, further improving the sand and water resistance of the equipment from the exhaust end.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, a wind-catching device 18 is provided on the top of the housing, and several auxiliary exhaust fans 19 are provided on the upper partition 15 around the main exhaust fan 16. The wind-catching device 18 includes a housing 180, a fan wheel 181, and a transmission assembly. The fan wheel 181 is rotatably mounted inside the housing 180. Several air inlets are evenly arranged circumferentially on the side wall of the housing 180, and an air outlet is provided at the bottom of the housing 180. The top of each air inlet is located on the housing 180. The bottom is provided with an upper cover 182 and a lower cover 183 respectively, and three partition plates 184 are evenly arranged between the upper cover 182, the lower cover 183 and the housing 180 to form three outwardly flared air ducts. The transmission assembly includes a main gear 185 connected to the impeller 181 and a secondary gear 186 corresponding to the secondary exhaust fans 19. Each of the secondary gears 186 meshes with the main gear 185 and is connected to the corresponding secondary exhaust fan 19 through a connecting shaft 187. This configuration allows the circumferentially flared wind-catching duct to adapt to all wind directions. Regardless of the external wind direction, the wind-catching duct always faces the incoming wind, driving the impeller 181 to rotate. This, in turn, drives the auxiliary exhaust fan 19 to operate synchronously via a gear transmission assembly, achieving completely passive heat dissipation without consuming photovoltaic power. Under normal operating conditions, it can achieve zero-power heat dissipation, significantly reducing the power supply burden on the off-grid photovoltaic system. Simultaneously, the auxiliary exhaust fan 19 is arranged around the main exhaust fan 16, forming uniform circumferential exhaust, avoiding the reduction in exhaust efficiency caused by localized eddies, and further enhancing the heat dissipation effect. The wind-catching device 18 can be referenced in the prior art patent with publication number CN116591902A.

[0044] In some embodiments, the air inlet channel 4 and the corresponding dust exhaust channel 9 are integrally formed into a direct vibration channel unit. One end of the direct vibration channel unit, near the outside, is connected to the housing via a flexible plate 23, and the other end is connected to the main channel 5 via a flexible channel 24. The direct vibration channel unit is equipped with a vibrator 20, which drives the direct vibration channel unit to generate high-frequency linear vibration along the channel's inclined direction to directionally discharge accumulated dust. The integrally formed direct vibration channel unit ensures that the vibration energy is fully applied to the accumulated dust on the inner wall of the channel without affecting the airflow. The flexible plate and the flexible channel achieve complete vibration isolation, preventing the high-frequency vibration of the vibrator 20 from being transmitted to the components in the housing and electrical cavity 2, eliminating the risk of loose wiring and component damage caused by vibration. The high-frequency linear vibration along the channel's inclined direction causes the accumulated dust on the inner wall of the channel to slide off in an inertial force, eliminating the need for frequent manual cleaning and perfectly meeting the unattended operation requirements of desert photovoltaic power stations. It is understandable that the vibrator 20 can also be used in conjunction with the intake fan 14 and the main exhaust fan 16 to ensure dust removal efficiency.

[0045] In some embodiments, a control system is also included. The magnetic guiding component 7 includes a permanent magnet deflection section and a coil adjustment section arranged sequentially in the deflection cavity 6 along the airflow direction. A set of permanent magnets are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower inner walls of the permanent magnet deflection section, and a set of electromagnetic coils are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower inner walls of the coil adjustment section. A magnetically conductive and magnetically insulating plate is provided between the permanent magnet deflection section and the coil adjustment section. The permanent magnets and electromagnetic coils are rigidly integrated with the direct vibration channel unit through an embedded and epoxy potting structure. A dust concentration sensor is provided at the outlet end of each air inlet channel 4 in the main channel 5. The intake fan 14, the main exhaust fan 16, the dust concentration sensor, the electromagnetic coil, the vibrator 20 and the control system are electrically connected. Compared to deflection magnetic fields composed entirely of permanent magnets, this structure uses a permanent magnet deflection section to provide a normal, basic sand-proof magnetic field that can operate stably without power supply. The coil adjustment section can be energized to supplement the magnetic field strength under extreme conditions. The magnetically conductive and insulating plate can completely isolate the magnetic field of the electromagnetic coil from leaking to the permanent magnet deflection section. The rigid, integrated structure with epoxy potting allows the magnetic guide component 7 to vibrate synchronously with the direct vibration channel unit, eliminating the risk of loosening or falling off, while achieving complete sealing and corrosion protection, making it suitable for the harsh environment of desert saline-alkali sand and dust. The dust concentration sensors set for each channel can accurately reflect the sand-proof effect of a single channel, providing data support for the precise closed-loop adjustment of the control system, achieving independent control of a single channel, and avoiding ineffective energy consumption.

[0046] The magnetic guiding component 7 includes an isolation cover, which isolates the magnetic guiding component 7 from the electrical cavity 2. The isolation cover prevents the magnetic field from leaking out of the electrical cavity 2, avoiding electromagnetic interference to precision components such as the energy meter and relay protection device inside the electrical cavity 2, and ensuring metering accuracy and the reliability of protection actions.

[0047] In some embodiments, an anti-backflow door 21 is hinged to the upper side of the outlet end of the exhaust duct 17. Under strong wind conditions during sandstorms, the anti-backflow door can automatically close under the action of reverse wind pressure to prevent strong winds and dust from flowing back into the housing through the exhaust duct 17, thus completely solving the problem of backflow and sand leakage at the exhaust end under extreme wind and sand conditions. Under normal exhaust conditions, the anti-backflow door can automatically open under the action of exhaust airflow. It is necessary to reasonably set the weight of the anti-backflow door and the elasticity of the torsion spring used to achieve the anti-backflow function to avoid affecting the normal exhaust efficiency.

[0048] In some embodiments, the main channel 5 includes a flared section 22, which connects the air inlet channel 4 and the electrical cavity 2. The flared section allows the airflow to be evenly diffused across the entire cross section of the electrical cavity 2, eliminating local heat islands.

[0049] like Figure 5 As shown, this application also provides a control method for the above-mentioned new energy photovoltaic distribution box, including the following steps: S1: Preset working modes based on environmental data. The working modes include normal energy-saving mode, light dust mode and heavy dust mode. The environmental data includes ambient temperature, ambient dust concentration and wind force level. Each working mode corresponds to a different environmental data trigger range. S2: Acquire real-time environmental data and real-time device operation data; The real-time environmental data includes real-time ambient temperature, real-time ambient dust concentration, and real-time wind speed level; optionally, the real-time wind speed level is obtained by converting data collected by the rotation speed sensor of the wind-catching device 18. The real-time equipment operation data includes: dust concentration at the outlet of each air inlet channel 4 obtained by the dust concentration sensor, internal temperature of electrical cavity 2 obtained by the temperature sensor, operating parameters of intake fan 14, operating parameters of main exhaust fan 16, operating parameters of electromagnetic coil, and operating parameters of vibrator 20. S3: Match real-time environmental data with preset trigger intervals to determine the current suitable working mode, and combine real-time equipment operation data to execute full-link collaborative closed-loop control of the corresponding working mode.

[0050] By using the above methods, based on the condition identification of multi-dimensional environmental data and equipment operation data, full-scene adaptive adjustment can be achieved without human intervention, perfectly adapting to desert unattended scenarios; at the same time, by linking environmental data and equipment operation data, the entire chain of sand prevention, heat dissipation, and dust removal can be coordinated and controlled, completely solving the defects of existing technologies that cannot adapt to changing working conditions due to fixed parameter control.

[0051] Specifically, in normal energy-saving mode, all electromagnetic coils are de-energized, and sand prevention is achieved solely through the basic magnetic field of the permanent magnet deflection section. Heat dissipation is prioritized through the passive drive of the auxiliary exhaust fan 19 via the wind-catching device 18. The heat dissipation output is adaptively adjusted based on the operating status of the wind-catching device 18, and the vibrator 20 is triggered according to preset rules to perform basic direct vibration dust removal. Under normal operating conditions, it operates completely passively, with zero power consumption of the electromagnetic coils and zero start-up of the active fan, relying solely on natural wind energy for heat dissipation. The permanent magnet provides basic sand prevention, significantly reducing the power supply burden on the photovoltaic system while ensuring the basic protection and heat dissipation requirements of the equipment.

[0052] In the light dust mode, only the air intake channel 4, where the dust concentration exceeds the standard, implements closed-loop adjustment of dust concentration and corresponding electromagnetic coil output power to precisely replenish the deflection magnetic field. The other air intake channels 4 maintain normal energy-saving operation. Simultaneously, the vibrator 20 of the channel with excessive dust concentration is triggered to perform directional dust cleaning, and the sand prevention effect is optimized through closed-loop based on real-time dust concentration data. By only activating the electromagnetic coil and dust cleaning action for the single channel with excessive dust, while the other channels remain in a zero-power state, the additional power consumption can be reduced compared to the scheme of activating all channels simultaneously. At the same time, directional dust cleaning quickly removes the accumulated dust in the channel, restoring the basic sand prevention efficiency of the channel and achieving precise control.

[0053] In heavy sandstorm mode, the electromagnetic coils of the intake fan 14, main exhaust fan 16, and all intake channels 4 are controlled to operate dynamically. Based on the real-time dust concentration, the operating parameters of the vibrator 20 are dynamically adjusted to remove accumulated dust from the channels in real time. Under extreme conditions, the entire channel is reinforced with sand protection, while the fans are linked to balance the heat dissipation requirements, completely solving the industry pain points of sand protection failure and insufficient heat dissipation under sandstorm conditions. The dynamic adjustment of the vibrator 20 can achieve real-time dust removal, preventing sand and dust from accumulating and clogging the flow channels, and ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the equipment under extreme conditions.

[0054] Furthermore, the different environmental data triggering intervals corresponding to each working mode include: Normal energy-saving mode trigger range: The environmental dust concentration is in the low concentration gradient range, the ambient temperature is in the normal operating temperature gradient range of the equipment, and the wind force is in the normal wind force gradient range, and all three parameters are met simultaneously. Light dust mode trigger range: The ambient dust concentration is in the medium concentration gradient range, and the ambient temperature and wind force are both in the gradient range corresponding to the normal energy-saving mode. All three parameters are met at the same time. The severe dust storm mode is triggered when the ambient dust concentration is in a high concentration gradient range, the wind force is in a strong wind or above gradient range, or the ambient temperature is in an extreme high temperature gradient range. Meeting any one of these conditions will trigger the mode.

[0055] By adopting the above method, energy saving and stability under normal operating conditions are guaranteed, and rapid response under extreme operating conditions is achieved. This avoids equipment protection failure caused by a single parameter exceeding the standard and covers the variable operating conditions in desert areas in all scenarios.

[0056] As a preferred embodiment, the control method further includes adaptive balance control of the intake airflow speed: based on the real-time dust concentration and real-time wind speed, the operating power of the intake fan 14 and the main exhaust fan 16 is dynamically adjusted to stabilize the airflow speed in the intake channel 4 within the preset optimal sand-proof range, which avoids excessive airflow speed causing sand and dust to penetrate the sand-proof structure, and ensures the heat dissipation requirements of the electrical cavity 2.

[0057] In some embodiments, in the full-link collaborative closed-loop control of step S3, in all working modes, the internal temperature of the electrical cavity 2 is used as the core safety primary judgment standard, and the dust concentration at the outlet of the air inlet channel 4 is used as the secondary judgment standard for sand prevention effect. When the primary judgment standard exceeds the safety threshold, the fan operating parameters are adjusted first to ensure equipment heat dissipation, and the output power of the electromagnetic coil is corrected simultaneously based on the secondary judgment standard, taking into account both sand prevention effect and equipment operation safety.

[0058] In some embodiments, during the triggering range of the severe sandstorm mode, when the severe sandstorm mode is triggered only when the ambient temperature is in an extreme high-temperature gradient range, the intake fan 14 and the main exhaust fan 16 are prioritized to operate at full power to enhance heat dissipation. Then, based on the real-time dust concentration at the outlet of the air intake channel 4, the output power of the electromagnetic coil is dynamically adjusted to minimize coil power consumption while ensuring that the dust concentration does not exceed the safety threshold. For the special working conditions of high temperature and low dust at noon in summer, heat dissipation needs are prioritized, while the coil power is precisely adjusted through real-time feedback of dust concentration to avoid ineffective power consumption caused by starting the coil at full power. This maximizes the reduction of equipment energy consumption while ensuring that sandstorm prevention standards are met.

[0059] In some embodiments, the operating parameters of the vibrator 20 include vibration frequency, operating cycle, and single operating time; in normal energy-saving mode, the vibrator 20 performs low-frequency basic dust cleaning according to a preset fixed cycle; in light dust mode, the vibrator 20 of the channel exceeding the standard performs medium-frequency directional dust cleaning; in heavy dust mode, the vibrator 20 of all channels performs high-frequency continuous dust cleaning, and the higher the dust concentration and the higher the wind force level, the higher the vibration frequency of the vibrator 20 and the shorter the operating interval.

[0060] In some embodiments, the control system monitors the dust concentration at the outlet of each air intake channel in real time. When the dust concentration exceeds the preset safety limit, the control system immediately controls the intake fan and main exhaust fan to switch to reverse operation, forming a reverse blowing airflow from the electrical cavity to the air intake channel to clear blockages in the magnetic guide component, flow guide component and settling component, especially to prevent sand and dust from entering the electrical cavity. When the dust concentration does not decrease within a limited time, the control system reminds the on-site maintenance personnel that the channel is blocked or the sand prevention efficiency is abnormal.

[0061] In summary, after reading this detailed disclosure, those skilled in the art will understand that the foregoing detailed disclosure is presented by way of example only and is not restrictive. Although not explicitly stated herein, those skilled in the art will understand that the requirements of this application encompass various reasonable changes, improvements, and modifications to the embodiments. These changes, improvements, and modifications are intended to be made by this application and are within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of this application.

[0062] Furthermore, it should be understood that in the foregoing description of the embodiments of this application, various features are combined in a single embodiment, drawing, or description for the purpose of simplifying the understanding of a feature. However, this does not mean that the combination of these features is necessary, and those skilled in the art may readily identify some of the devices as separate embodiments when reading this application. That is, the embodiments in this application can also be understood as an integration of multiple sub-embodiments. It is also valid when each sub-embodiment contains fewer than all the features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment.

[0063] Finally, it should be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein are illustrative of the principles of the embodiments of this application. Other modified embodiments are also within the scope of this application. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed herein are merely examples and not limitations. Those skilled in the art can adopt alternative configurations to implement the applications in this application based on the embodiments in this application. Therefore, the embodiments of this application are not limited to the embodiments precisely described in the application.

Claims

1. A new energy photovoltaic power distribution box with magnetic deflection for dust prevention, characterized in that, The device includes a housing, within which, from top to bottom, are sequentially arranged an exhaust chamber, an electrical chamber, and an air intake chamber. The sidewalls of the air intake chambers are provided with several air intake channels circumferentially, with a main channel in the center connecting to each air intake channel. The inlet end of each air intake channel is inclined downwards, and a deflection chamber is located in its center. Magnetic guiding components are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides of the deflection chamber, and dust collection chambers are located on the left and right sides. Each dust collection chamber includes inclined dust collection plates, with two dust collection plates arranged such that their upper sides are close together and their lower sides are open. An opening is located at the bottom of the dust collection chamber. Below the air intake channels, an inclined dust exhaust channel communicating with the opening is arranged in the same direction. One end of the dust exhaust channel is closed, and the other end is connected to the outside. The air intake channel, main channel, electrical chamber, and exhaust chamber are sequentially connected to form a heat dissipation channel.

2. The new energy photovoltaic power distribution box with magnetic deflection and dust prevention according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic guiding components on the upper and lower sides are arranged with opposite poles to form a vertical magnetic field perpendicular to the airflow direction in the deflection cavity between them.

3. A new energy photovoltaic power distribution box with magnetic deflection and dust prevention according to claim 2, characterized in that, Multiple sets of magnetic guiding components are arranged at intervals along the airflow direction of the deflection cavity, and the magnetic field strength of the vertical magnetic field generated by the multiple sets of magnetic guiding components is arranged in a gradient increasing manner.

4. A new energy photovoltaic power distribution box with magnetic deflection and dust prevention according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet end of the air inlet channel is provided with a flow guiding component, which includes several flow guiding blocks with a prismatic cross-section. The long axis of the flow guiding blocks is arranged along the direction of the airflow, and the front tip is the windward end. The several flow guiding blocks are arranged in an n+1 arithmetic progressively expanding staggered array along the axial direction of the air inlet channel. The outlet end of the air inlet channel is provided with a settling component, which includes a first settling plate and two second settling plates. Along the direction of the airflow, the first settling plate is fixed in the center to the front side of the outlet end of the air inlet channel, and the two second settling plates are symmetrically fixed to the upper and lower inner walls of the outlet end of the air inlet channel and located behind the first settling plate.

5. A new energy photovoltaic power distribution box with magnetic deflection and dust prevention according to claim 1, characterized in that, A lower partition is provided between the main channel and the electrical cavity, and an intake fan is provided on the lower partition. An upper partition is provided between the electrical cavity and the exhaust cavity, and a main exhaust fan is provided on the upper partition.

6. A new energy photovoltaic power distribution box with magnetic deflection and dust prevention according to claim 5, characterized in that, The exhaust chamber is arched upward in the middle, and its sidewalls are provided with several exhaust channels along the circumference. The outlet end of the exhaust channel is inclined downward.

7. A new energy photovoltaic power distribution box with magnetic deflection and dust prevention according to claim 6, characterized in that, The top of the housing is equipped with a wind-catching device. Several auxiliary exhaust fans are arranged around the main exhaust fan on the upper partition. The wind-catching device includes a housing, a impeller, and a transmission assembly. The impeller is rotatably mounted inside the housing. Several air inlets are evenly arranged circumferentially on the side wall of the housing. An air outlet is arranged at the bottom of the housing. An upper cover and a lower cover are respectively arranged on the top and bottom of each air inlet on the housing. Three partition plates are evenly arranged between the upper cover, the lower cover, and the housing, forming three outwardly flared wind-catching channels. The transmission assembly includes a main gear connected to the impeller and auxiliary gears arranged one-to-one with the auxiliary exhaust fans. Each auxiliary gear meshes with the main gear and is connected to the corresponding auxiliary exhaust fan through a connecting shaft.

8. A new energy photovoltaic power distribution box with magnetic deflection and dust prevention according to claim 5, characterized in that, The air inlet channel and the corresponding dust exhaust channel are integrally processed into a straight vibration channel unit. One end of the straight vibration channel unit is connected to the box body through a flexible plate, and the other end is connected to the main channel through a flexible channel. The straight vibration channel unit is equipped with a vibrator, which is used to drive the straight vibration channel unit to generate high-frequency linear vibration along the inclined direction of the channel to directionally discharge the accumulated dust.

9. A new energy photovoltaic power distribution box with magnetic deflection and dust prevention according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes a control system. The magnetic guidance component includes a permanent magnet deflection section and a coil adjustment section arranged sequentially in the deflection cavity along the airflow direction. A set of permanent magnets are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower inner walls of the permanent magnet deflection section, and a set of electromagnetic coils are symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower inner walls of the coil adjustment section. A magnetically conductive and magnetically insulating plate is provided between the permanent magnet deflection section and the coil adjustment section. The permanent magnets and electromagnetic coils are rigidly integrated with the direct vibration channel unit through an embedded and epoxy potting structure. A dust concentration sensor is provided at the outlet end of each air inlet channel in the main channel. The intake fan, main exhaust fan, dust concentration sensor, electromagnetic coil, exciter and control system are electrically connected.

10. A control method applied to a new energy photovoltaic distribution box with magnetic deflection for dust prevention as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Preset working modes based on environmental data. The working modes include normal energy-saving mode, light dust mode and heavy dust mode. The environmental data includes ambient temperature, ambient dust concentration and wind force level. Each working mode corresponds to a different environmental data trigger range. S2: Acquire real-time environmental data and real-time device operation data; The real-time environmental data includes real-time ambient temperature, real-time ambient dust concentration, and real-time wind speed. The real-time wind force level is calculated by collecting data from the rotation speed sensor of the wind-catching device. The real-time equipment operation data includes: dust concentration at the outlet of each air inlet channel obtained by the dust concentration sensor, internal temperature of the electrical cavity obtained by the temperature sensor, operating parameters of the intake fan, operating parameters of the main exhaust fan, operating parameters of the electromagnetic coil, and operating parameters of the vibrator. S3: Match real-time environmental data with preset trigger intervals to determine the current suitable operating mode, and execute full-link collaborative closed-loop control of the corresponding operating mode in conjunction with real-time equipment operation data. In normal energy-saving mode, all electromagnetic coils are de-energized, and sand prevention is achieved solely by the basic magnetic field of the permanent magnet deflection section; heat dissipation is achieved by passively driving the auxiliary exhaust fan through the wind-catching device, and the heat dissipation output is adaptively adjusted based on the operating status of the wind-catching device, and the exciter is triggered to perform basic direct vibration dust removal according to preset rules. In the light dust mode, only the air intake channel with excessive dust concentration at the outlet is subject to closed-loop adjustment of dust concentration and corresponding electromagnetic coil output power to accurately replenish the deflection magnetic field, while the other air intake channels maintain normal energy-saving operation; at the same time, the vibrator of the channel with excessive dust concentration is triggered to perform directional dust cleaning, and the sand prevention effect is optimized through closed-loop optimization of real-time dust concentration data. In heavy dust mode, the electromagnetic coils controlling the intake fan, main exhaust fan, and all air intake channels are operated, and the operating parameters of the vibrator are dynamically adjusted based on the real-time dust concentration to clear dust accumulation in the channels in real time.

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