Compound marine ranching device and method based on urchin-alga-stichopus nutrition internal circulation

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of marine ecological breeding, and particularly relates to a compound marine ranching device and method based on urchin-alga-stichopus nutrient internal circulation. The compound marine ranching device based on urchin-alga-stichopus nutrient internal circulation comprises an urchin breeding area, a stichopus breeding area, a reef-throwing bottom sowing area, an environment monitoring and control system and a main body connecting frame. The urchin breeding area and the stichopus breeding area are both provided with multiple net cages, and the urchin net cages and the stichopus net cages are staggered. The reef-throwing bottom sowing area is located at the lower part of the breeding area. The environment monitoring and control system comprises a sensor group, a remote monitoring host and a control execution unit. The compound marine ranching device and method based on urchin-alga-stichopus nutrient internal circulation can absorb nitrogen and phosphorus generated in breeding by means of algae, and improve the bottom material by stichopus disturbance, thereby relieving the problems of eutrophication and bottom layer anoxia from the source, and greatly improving the breeding yield and economic benefits per unit sea area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of marine ecological aquaculture technology, specifically, it relates to a composite marine ranching aquaculture device and method based on the internal nutrient circulation of sea urchin-algae-sea cucumber. Background Technology

[0002] Marine ranches, as a core carrier for restoring nearshore marine ecology and promoting the transformation and upgrading of the mariculture industry, rely on engineering methods such as the deployment of artificial reefs, cultivation of large seaweed, and release of aquatic organisms to build artificial habitats for fish, shrimp, shellfish, and algae to inhabit, forage, reproduce, and avoid danger. They play a key role in restoring degraded nearshore areas and improving marine productivity.

[0003] Among them, multi-dimensional aquaculture marine ranches can make full use of the three-dimensional space of the sea by stratifying marine delicacies in different water layers and benthic spaces. Compared with single-species flat aquaculture, the comprehensive utilization rate of the sea area and the unit output value can be significantly improved, which is the mainstream direction of the current industrialization of marine ranches.

[0004] CN121569763A discloses a multi-trophic-level ecological aquaculture device and method for synergistic cultivation of algae, shellfish, sea cucumbers, and sea urchins. The aquaculture device adopts a modular combination structure with vertical layering and horizontal partitioning, and is divided into an upper algae cultivation module, a middle fish cultivation module, a bottom shellfish cultivation module, and a seabed carbon deposition auxiliary module. The assembly form of each module can be flexibly adjusted according to different marine environments. The corresponding aquaculture method includes four steps: comprehensive marine site selection and assessment, hoisting and deployment of aquaculture modules, real-time ecological regulation of the aquaculture environment, and quantitative accounting of carbon sequestration of algae, shellfish, and fish. By adopting a modular three-dimensional ranch combined with an intelligent monitoring system, multi-species aquaculture is achieved, and various reefs can be quickly connected to the main frame through snap-fit, allowing for individual maintenance without overall disassembly, thus reducing maintenance costs. At the same time, it provides targeted habitats for shellfish, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers, greatly increasing the attachment rate of shellfish and improving the habitat stability of sea cucumbers. Although this patent adopts a modular structure with vertical layering and horizontal partitioning, the modules (algae, shellfish, fish, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers) are more of a spatial physical partition, and cannot form an effective internal nutrient cycle.

[0005] CN103392675A discloses a multi-species integrated ecological aquaculture method for sea cucumbers in ponds. Using enclosed seawater ponds as a carrier, a complex symbiotic system of sea cucumbers, sea urchins, algae, shellfish, and fish / shrimp is constructed. First, the pond is cleaned and a hard artificial reef is laid. After disinfection with quicklime and bleaching powder, benthic diatoms are cultivated. Floating rafts are deployed on the water surface and scallops are placed in layers. Then, sea cucumbers, sea urchins, abalone, turbot, and shrimp are introduced in batches according to the season, while kelp seedlings are simultaneously suspended on the reef. A complete food chain is formed within the system: large algae and benthic diatoms feed sea urchins and abalone; excrement from various cultured organisms provides energy for the algae; scallops filter-feed plankton to purify the water; and fish and shrimp prey on predators. The water is changed according to the tidal pattern, and the water quality is tested twice a day. The waste in the pond is recycled by the complementary feeding between species. No additional artificial fertilization is required. Multiple kinds of seafood are produced simultaneously in a single pond, which improves the overall aquaculture benefits per unit of water. However, this aquaculture method is only suitable for small, still water bodies with low stocking density, making it difficult to expand to large-scale marine ranching.

[0006] CN119896186A discloses an ecological aquaculture device for sea urchins and sea cucumbers, mainly consisting of an aquaculture pond, an upper layer of sea urchin aquaculture components, and a lower layer of sea cucumber aquaculture baskets. Sleeves are installed at the four corners of the aquaculture pond, and the upper net cage is mounted on the sleeves for easy disassembly and maintenance. A sedimentation chamber for waste discharge is located at the bottom of the pond. The lower sea cucumber baskets are placed directly below the sea urchin net cages to collect uneaten feed and algae that fall through the mesh. Water quality monitoring instruments are installed on the crossbeams of the net cages and inside the aquaculture baskets, and a temperature sensor is installed inside the pond. All monitoring data is displayed on an external screen. During aquaculture, only the upper layer of sea urchins is fed, and any fallen organic debris is collected. The scraps can be used directly as natural food for sea cucumbers, eliminating the need for separate feeding. The sleeve structure allows for quick disassembly of the upper net cages, facilitating the harvesting of sea cucumbers from the lower layer and the maintenance of the cages. By vertically layering the cages, the water space in the pond is fully utilized, while daily feeding management is simplified, achieving integrated cultivation of sea urchins and sea cucumbers. However, this device relies solely on the uneaten food and algae from the upper sea urchin net cages as food for the lower sea cucumbers, which is a one-way flow of matter. It cannot absorb nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients produced by aquaculture from the source. It relies solely on physical sedimentation in the bottom sewage settling chamber, which cannot solve the problem of eutrophication in the aquaculture water.

[0007] In summary, most existing aquaculture technologies are only applicable to small bodies of water such as ponds and small floating boxes, or can only utilize uneaten feed in aquaculture in one direction. They cannot build a complete cycle regulation system, and therefore cannot simultaneously solve industry pain points such as eutrophication of aquaculture water, bottom degradation, and low utilization of marine areas. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art and provide a composite marine ranching device and method based on a sea urchin-algae-sea cucumber nutrient internal circulation system. This system constructs a sea urchin-algae-sea cucumber nutrient internal circulation system, utilizing the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus produced by aquaculture by algae and the improvement of seabed sediment by sea cucumber disturbance, thereby alleviating eutrophication and bottom hypoxia problems from the source. At the same time, with the addition of an intelligent monitoring and feeding system, feed waste and aquaculture pollution are reduced, and the survival rate of aquaculture is improved. The three-dimensional aquaculture of sea urchins and sea cucumbers significantly increases the aquaculture yield and economic benefits per unit sea area.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The present invention relates to a composite marine ranching and aquaculture device based on a nutrient internal circulation system of sea urchin-algae-sea cucumber, comprising a sea urchin aquaculture area, a sea cucumber aquaculture area, a reef-seeding area, an environmental monitoring and control system, and a main connecting frame; The sea urchin farming area includes multiple high-density polyethylene sea urchin cages, which are divided into multiple farming units by an internal frame, and the bottom of each farming unit is equipped with a fixing plate. The sea cucumber farming area includes multiple high-density polyethylene sea cucumber net cages, with attachment substrates laid inside the sea cucumber net cages, and sea urchin net cages and sea cucumber net cages arranged alternately. The bottom seeding area is located below the sea urchin and sea cucumber farming areas, and artificial reefs are set up. The vertical distance between the bottom of the net cage and the top of the artificial reef is 3-5m. The reefs are laid out in an irregular stacked shape with a stacking height of 1.5-2.5m and a reef spacing of 4-6m. The area around the artificial reef is a seaweed planting area. The environmental monitoring and control system includes a sensor group, a remote monitoring host, and a control execution unit. The sensor group is set in each aquaculture functional area and communicates with the remote monitoring host through a data transmission module. The main connecting frame includes horizontal connecting rods and vertical connecting rods. The horizontal connecting rods are fixedly connected between the upper frames of adjacent sea urchin cages and sea cucumber cages. The vertical connecting rods connect the cages in the same row in sequence along the cage arrangement direction, so that the sea urchin farming area and the sea cucumber farming area form an integral frame structure.

[0010] Preferably, the sea urchin cage has a double-layer frame structure, with a feed pipe installed between the two layers. The cage is 3 meters long. The structure is 4 meters long, 1-1.5 meters wide, and 3-4 meters high, and is divided into 8 aquaculture units. The anchoring board is a corrugated aquaculture anchoring board with several water-permeable holes. The corrugated structure can increase the attachment area of ​​sea urchins, and the water-permeable holes are conducive to the circulation and exchange of water in the aquaculture unit, avoiding local water quality deterioration. Furthermore, a feed pipe is set between the double-layer frame structure.

[0011] Preferably, the upper frame of the double-layer frame of the sea urchin cage is equipped with an automatic feeding device, which includes a feeding cart and a concave slide. The feeding cart is mounted on the concave slide of the upper frame and is driven by a traction motor to achieve quantitative feeding. Furthermore, the automatic feeding device can automatically complete the feeding operation according to the preset feeding amount and feeding time, thereby improving the feeding accuracy.

[0012] Preferably, the structure of the sea cucumber net cage is the same as that of the sea urchin net cage, and the attachment substrate is made of porous concrete material with a pore size of 6-10 mm and diatoms attached to the surface. The porous concrete material has a large specific surface area, which can provide sufficient habitat and attachment space for sea cucumbers. The diatoms attached to the surface can serve as a natural food source for sea cucumbers, enabling them to partially feed themselves.

[0013] Preferably, the sea urchin cages and sea cucumber cages are arranged alternately with a spacing of 3-5m; the cages are arranged in rows and columns within the same aquaculture area; the volume ratio of the sea urchin aquaculture area to the sea cucumber aquaculture area is (1.5-2):1, and the volume ratio is calculated based on the cage volume; the alternate arrangement is conducive to the diffusion of residual feed and organic debris generated during sea urchin aquaculture to the sea cucumber cage area with the water flow, providing natural feed for the sea cucumbers and realizing the in-situ recycling of aquaculture waste.

[0014] Preferably, the main connecting frame further includes an anchoring system, which consists of a main anchor, a secondary anchor, and an anchor chain. The main anchor is a high-holding-force anchor with a burial depth of not less than 1.7m to ensure the stability of the net cage in windy and wavey weather. The anchoring system can effectively resist the forces of wind, waves, and currents to prevent the net cage from drifting and overturning. Detachable lifting components are respectively installed at the four corners of the top of the main connecting frame. The lifting components are used to drive the sea urchin net cage and the sea cucumber net cage to rise and fall in the vertical direction to adjust the suspension depth of the net cage.

[0015] Preferably, the sensor group of the environmental monitoring and control system includes a water quality sensor and a bottom sediment sensor. The water quality sensor is installed in the sea urchin farming area and the sea cucumber farming area; the bottom sediment sensor is installed in the bottom seeding area and the bottom area of ​​the net cage.

[0016] The water quality sensors are used to collect water quality parameters in real time, including water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP). The water temperature sensor has a monitoring range of 0-65℃, the salinity sensor has a monitoring range of 20-40‰, the dissolved oxygen (DO) sensor has a monitoring range of 0-15mg / L, the pH sensor has a monitoring range of 0-14, the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) sensor has a monitoring range of 0-1.0mg / L, the dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) sensor has a monitoring range of 0-0.10mg / L, and the light intensity sensor has a monitoring range of 0-20000lux. The sediment sensors are used to collect sediment parameters in real time, including organic carbon (TOC) and redox potential. The organic carbon (TOC) sensor has a monitoring range of 0-5.0%, and the redox potential sensor has a monitoring range of -300~+500mV.

[0017] Preferably, the control execution unit includes an oxygenation device, a microporous aeration device, and a shading device. The oxygenation device is located on the side of the sea urchin farming area and the sea cucumber farming area; the microporous aeration device is located in the bottom seeding area; and the shading device is located on the top of the sea urchin cages and the sea cucumber cages.

[0018] Furthermore, the remote monitoring host is equipped with a data storage module, a data analysis module, and an alarm module. The data storage module stores historical data collected by the sensor group; the data analysis module compares the real-time data collected by the sensors with preset thresholds to determine whether each parameter is within an appropriate range; the alarm module issues an alarm signal when a parameter exceeds a preset threshold, and the remote monitoring host can also achieve automatic adjustment through the control execution unit.

[0019] Furthermore, the artificial reef in the bottom seeding area adopts an ecological shellfish reef structure, including fixing plates, frame groups, metal mesh, and shells; multiple fixing plates are arranged in parallel, frame groups are arranged between the fixing plates, the frame has a multi-faceted enclosed structure, the metal mesh is fixedly connected to the frame and closes each face of the frame, and shells are placed in the space enclosed by the frame and the metal mesh; the fixing plates are preferably made by integral concrete casting and have a thickness of ≥200mm.

[0020] Furthermore, the irregular stacking of artificial reefs can form complex reef structures, increasing biodiversity and providing abundant habitat for benthic organisms. The area around the artificial reefs is a seaweed cultivation area for planting large seaweeds such as kelp and laver. These large seaweeds can absorb nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients from the water, purifying the water quality, and at the same time providing a natural food source for bottom-seeded sea cucumbers.

[0021] The aquaculture method corresponding to the composite marine ranching aquaculture device based on sea urchin-algae-sea cucumber nutrient internal circulation includes the following steps: S1. Sea area selection: Select a sea area with water temperature of 5-25℃, water depth of 8-15m, water flow velocity of 0.2-0.5m / s, transparency ≥2m, dissolved oxygen ≥5mg / L, salinity of 25-35‰, and bottom sediment mainly composed of sandy mud or gravel. S2. Aquaculture facility layout: Set up sea urchin cages and sea cucumber cages and reefs in the selected area, and install fixed environmental monitoring and control systems and main connecting frames. Before placing the reefs, clean the bottom and lay a gravel layer. Plant seaweed around the reefs. S3. Seedling Release in Net Cages: Select sea urchin seedlings with a body length of 1.0-3.0 cm and release them into sea urchin net cages in October at a density of 150-200 urchins / m². 2 Select sea cucumber seedlings with a body length of 2.0-4.0 cm and release them into the sea cucumber net cages at the same time as sea urchins, with a stocking density of 15-25 individuals / m². 2 ; S4. Seedling Release in the Bottom Seeding Area: 7-15 days after the reef is set up, select sea cucumber seedlings with a body length ≥5.0cm and release them into the bottom seeding area at a density of 3-5 seedlings / m². 2 ; S5. Feeding Management: During the sea urchin's growth period, feed it with seaweed, with a daily feeding amount of 3-5% of the sea urchin's total weight. S6. Environmental monitoring and control: Use environmental monitoring devices to monitor water quality parameters and sediment parameters in each functional area; Dissolved oxygen: When dissolved oxygen is <5mg / L, turn on the aeration equipment to accelerate the exchange of water inside and outside the cage and increase the frequency of water exchange; pH: When pH < 7.8, sprinkle quicklime to adjust; when pH > 8.5, turn on the oxygenation equipment and microporous aeration device, and add lactic acid bacteria preparation; Temperature: When the water temperature is <8℃, adjust the hanging depth of the net cage and raise the net cage to the sea surface temperature zone; when the water temperature is >20℃, adjust the hanging depth of the net cage, open the shade net on top of the sea urchin net cage and sea cucumber net cage, and turn on the oxygenation equipment. Lighting: Keep the device unobstructed when the light intensity is <300 lux; when the light intensity is >500 lux, open the shade nets on the top of the sea urchin and sea cucumber net cages. Nutrients: When dissolved inorganic nitrogen > 0.3 mg / L or dissolved inorganic phosphorus > 0.03 mg / L, reduce the amount of sea urchins fed, turn on the aeration equipment, and increase the frequency of water changes; Control of organic carbon and sulfides in the substrate: Monitor the content of organic carbon and sulfides in the substrate of the bottom seeding area and the cage area. When organic carbon > 3.0% or sulfides > 0.05 mg / kg, use an oxidizing substrate conditioner and turn on the oxygenation equipment and microporous aeration device. S7. Harvesting operations: Sea urchins: Harvest when the gonads are more than 70% full and the color is golden yellow. Sea cucumbers grown in net cages: 20-30cm in length, harvested at this stage; Bottom-seeded sea cucumbers: Harvest when weight ≥150g; S8. Regular maintenance: After harvesting, maintain each functional area: clean up residual feed and debris in the net cages, and repair damaged netting; regularly inspect artificial reefs, and repair and adjust any collapsed or displaced reefs; replenish algae and benthic organisms, restore the balance of the ecosystem, and then restock seedlings to enter the next aquaculture cycle.

[0022] The specific feeding method during the above feeding management process is as follows: When releasing the sea urchin seedlings, weigh the total weight and calculate the initial daily feeding amount based on 3-5%. Feed them kelp or wakame once a day. Subsequently, sample 1-3 times a month to measure the average weight of the sea urchins, estimate the total weight based on the survival rate, and recalculate and adjust the feeding amount. Observe the amount of uneaten feed during daily inspections. If there is too much uneaten feed, reduce the amount by 10%-20% next time. If the feed is consumed too quickly, increase the amount by 3-5%.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) The composite marine ranching aquaculture device based on the nutrient internal circulation of sea urchin-algae-sea cucumber of the present invention forms a double-layer three-dimensional aquaculture structure in the sea area by horizontally arranging sea urchin net cages and sea cucumber net cages and vertically layering the bottom seeding area. The sea urchin net cages and sea cucumber net cages are arranged in an alternating manner, making full use of the middle and upper water space. The two aquaculture methods do not interfere with each other in space. At the same time, with the help of the environmental monitoring and control system, the suitable growth conditions for sea urchins and sea cucumbers are effectively guaranteed.

[0024] (2) The composite marine ranching method based on sea urchin-algae-sea cucumber nutrient internal circulation of the present invention constructs a complete three-trophic-level internal circulation system of sea urchin-algae-sea cucumber. The uneaten feed and organic debris generated by sea urchin farming are diffused with the water flow to the sea cucumber cage area and the bottom seeding area, providing natural feed for cage sea cucumber and bottom seeding sea cucumber. The large seaweed planted around the artificial reef absorbs inorganic nitrogen and phosphate in the water, reducing the nutrient load caused by farming from the source. The bottom seeding sea cucumber improves the accumulation of organic carbon and sulfides in the bottom environment through feeding and biological disturbance. The three work together to realize the in-situ reduction and resource utilization of farming waste, effectively alleviating the eutrophication and bottom degradation problems that are common in single-species farming models.

[0025] (3) The composite marine ranching method based on the internal nutrient circulation of sea urchin-algae-sea cucumber of the present invention forms a complete operation process from site selection assessment, facility layout, seedling release, feeding management, environmental control, harvesting to regular maintenance. Differentiated specifications and harvesting methods are adopted in the seedling release and harvesting stages to avoid overfishing and reef damage, and realize multiple aquaculture of sea urchin and sea cucumber. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the composite marine ranching aquaculture device based on the internal nutrient circulation of sea urchin-algae-sea cucumber in this invention.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Sea urchin cage; 101. Fixing plate; 102. Feeding pipe; 2. Sea cucumber cage; 201. Attachment substrate; 3. Reef; 4. Seaweed planting area; 5. Main connecting frame; 501. Horizontal connecting rod; 502. Longitudinal connecting rod; 6. Feeding device; 601. Feeding vehicle; 602. Concave slide; 603. Traction motor; 7. Mooring system; 701. Main anchor; 702. Secondary anchor; 703. Anchor chain; 8. Sensor group; 9. Control and execution unit; 901. Oxygenation equipment; 902. Microporous aeration device; 903. Shading device; 10. Remote monitoring host. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The lactic acid bacteria preparation and oxidized bottom sediment improver used in the environmental monitoring and control process are both commercially available conventional aquatic reagents.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, the composite marine ranching aquaculture device based on the internal nutrient circulation of sea urchin-algae-sea cucumber of the present invention includes a sea urchin aquaculture area, a sea cucumber aquaculture area, a reef-seeding area, an environmental monitoring and control system, and a main connecting frame 5.

[0030] The sea urchin farming area includes multiple high-density polyethylene sea urchin net cages 1. Each sea urchin net cage 1 is divided into 8 farming units by an internal double-layer frame. Each sea urchin net cage 1 is 3-4 meters long, 1-1.5 meters wide, and 3-4 meters high. A fixing plate 101 is installed at the bottom of each farming unit. The fixing plate 101 is a corrugated farming fixing plate with several water-permeable holes. A feed pipe 102 is installed between the double-layer frame structure. An automatic feeding device 6 is installed on the upper frame of the double-layer frame of the sea urchin cage 1. The automatic feeding device 6 includes a feeding cart 601 and a concave slide 602. The feeding cart 601 is mounted on the concave slide 602 of the upper frame and is driven and controlled by a traction motor 603 to achieve quantitative feeding. Furthermore, the automatic feeding device 6 can automatically complete the feeding operation according to the preset feeding amount and feeding time, thereby improving the feeding accuracy.

[0031] The sea cucumber farming area includes multiple high-density polyethylene sea cucumber net cages 2, with attachment substrates 201 laid inside the sea cucumber net cages 2, and the sea urchin net cages 1 and sea cucumber net cages 2 arranged alternately. The structure of the sea cucumber cage 2 in the sea cucumber farming area is the same as that of the sea urchin cage 1. The attachment substrate 201 is made of porous concrete material with a pore size of 6-10 mm and diatoms attached to the surface. The porous concrete material has a large specific surface area, which can provide sufficient habitat and attachment space for sea cucumbers. The algae attached to the surface can serve as a natural food source for sea cucumbers, enabling them to partially feed themselves.

[0032] The sea urchin cage 1 and the sea cucumber cage 2 are arranged alternately with a spacing of 3-5m; the volume ratio of the sea urchin farming area to the sea cucumber farming area is (1.5-2):1.

[0033] The bottom seeding area is located below the sea urchin and sea cucumber farming areas, and artificial reefs 3 are set up. The vertical distance between the bottom of the net cage and the top of the artificial reef 3 is 3-5m. The reefs 3 are laid out in an irregular stacked shape with a stacking height of 1.5-2.5m and a spacing of 4-6m between the reefs 3. The area around the artificial reef 3 is a seaweed planting area 4, which is used to plant large seaweeds such as kelp and laver. The artificial reef 3 in the bottom seeding area adopts an ecological shellfish reef structure, including a fixing plate, a frame assembly, a metal mesh, and shells; multiple fixing plates are arranged in parallel, the frame assembly is set between the fixing plates, the frame has a multi-faceted enclosed structure, the metal mesh is fixedly connected to the frame and closes each face of the frame, and shells are placed in the space enclosed by the frame and the metal mesh; the fixing plate is preferably made of concrete by integral casting, with a thickness ≥200mm.

[0034] The environmental monitoring and control system includes a sensor group 8, a remote monitoring host 10, and a control execution unit 9. The sensor group 8 is set in each aquaculture functional area and is connected to the remote monitoring host 10 through a data transmission module. The sensor group 8 of the environmental monitoring and control system includes a water quality sensor and a bottom sediment sensor. The water quality sensor is installed in the sea urchin farming area and the sea cucumber farming area; the bottom sediment sensor is installed in the bottom seeding area and the bottom area of ​​the net cage. The water quality sensors are used to collect water quality parameters in real time, including water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP). The water temperature sensor has a monitoring range of 0-65℃, the salinity sensor has a monitoring range of 20-40‰, the dissolved oxygen (DO) sensor has a monitoring range of 0-15mg / L, the pH sensor has a monitoring range of 0-14, the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) sensor has a monitoring range of 0-1.0mg / L, the dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) sensor has a monitoring range of 0-0.10mg / L, and the light intensity sensor has a monitoring range of 0-20000lux. The sediment sensors are used to collect sediment parameters in real time, including organic carbon, sulfides, and redox potential. The organic carbon (TOC) sensor has a monitoring range of 0-5.0%, and the redox potential sensor has a monitoring range of -300~+500mV.

[0035] The control and execution unit 9 includes an oxygenation device 901, a microporous aeration device 902, and a shading device 903. The oxygenation device 901 is located on the side of the sea urchin farming area and the sea cucumber farming area; the microporous aeration device 902 is located in the bottom seeding area; and the shading device 903 is located on the top of the sea urchin cage 1 and the sea cucumber cage 2.

[0036] Furthermore, the remote monitoring host 10 is equipped with a data storage module, a data analysis module, and an alarm module. The data storage module is used to store historical data collected by the sensor group 8; the data analysis module is used to compare the real-time data collected by the sensors with preset thresholds to determine whether each parameter is within a suitable range; the alarm module issues an alarm signal when the parameter exceeds the preset threshold, and the remote monitoring host 10 can also achieve automatic control through the control execution unit 9.

[0037] The main connecting frame 5 includes a transverse connecting rod 501 and a longitudinal connecting rod 502. The transverse connecting rod 501 is fixedly connected between the upper frames of adjacent sea urchin cages 1 and sea cucumber cages 2. The longitudinal connecting rod 502 connects the cages in the same row sequentially along the cage arrangement direction, so that the sea urchin farming area and the sea cucumber farming area form an integral frame structure. The top four corners of the main connecting frame 5 are respectively provided with detachable lifting components. The lifting components are consistent with the lifting adjustment system in the prior art and are used to realize the lifting of the cages. The main connecting frame 5 also includes an anchoring system 7, which consists of a main anchor 701, a secondary anchor 702 and an anchor chain 703. The main anchor 701 is a high holding power anchor with a burial depth of not less than 1.7m to ensure the stability of the cage in windy and wavey weather. The anchoring system 7 can effectively resist the force of wind, waves and currents to prevent the cage from drifting and overturning.

[0038] The top of the main connecting frame 5 is equipped with a lifting assembly. The lifting assembly adopts a conventional cage lifting system in the field, which includes a winch, a wire rope and a guide pulley. The winch is fixedly installed on the top of the main connecting frame 5 or on the working mother ship. One end of the wire rope is wound on the drum of the winch, and the other end is connected to the anchor point of the main connecting frame 5 or the force-bearing node of the cage frame after passing through the guide pulley.

[0039] The aquaculture method corresponding to the composite marine ranching aquaculture device based on sea urchin-algae-sea cucumber nutrient internal circulation includes the following steps: S1. Sea area selection: Select a sea area with water temperature of 5-25℃, water depth of 8-15m, water flow velocity of 0.2-0.5m / s, transparency ≥2m, dissolved oxygen ≥5mg / L, salinity of 25-35‰, and bottom sediment mainly composed of sandy mud or gravel. S2. Aquaculture facility layout: Set up sea urchin cages and sea cucumber cages and reefs in the selected area, and install fixed environmental monitoring and control systems and main connecting frames. Before placing the reefs, clean the bottom and lay a gravel layer. Plant seaweed around the reefs. S3. Seedling Release in Net Cages: Select sea urchin seedlings with a body length of 1.0-3.0 cm and release them into sea urchin net cages in October at a density of 150-200 urchins / m². 2 Select sea cucumber seedlings with a body length of 2.0-4.0 cm and release them into the sea cucumber net cages at the same time as sea urchins, with a stocking density of 15-25 individuals / m². 2 ; S4. Seedling Release in the Bottom Seeding Area: 7-15 days after the reef is set up, select sea cucumber seedlings with a body length ≥5.0cm and release them into the bottom seeding area at a density of 3-5 seedlings / m². 2 ; S5. Feeding Management: During the sea urchin's growth period, feed it with seaweed, with a daily feeding amount of 3-5% of the sea urchin's total weight. S6. Environmental monitoring and control: Use environmental monitoring devices to monitor water quality parameters and sediment parameters in each functional area; Dissolved oxygen: When dissolved oxygen is <5mg / L, turn on the aeration equipment to accelerate the exchange of water inside and outside the cage and increase the frequency of water exchange; pH: When pH < 7.8, sprinkle quicklime to adjust; when pH > 8.5, turn on the oxygenation equipment and microporous aeration device, and add lactic acid bacteria preparation; Temperature: When the water temperature is <8℃, adjust the hanging depth of the net cage and raise the net cage to the sea surface temperature zone; when the water temperature is >20℃, adjust the hanging depth of the net cage, open the shade net on top of the sea urchin net cage and sea cucumber net cage, and turn on the oxygenation equipment. Lighting: Keep the device unobstructed when the light intensity is <300 lux; when the light intensity is >500 lux, open the shade nets on the top of the sea urchin and sea cucumber net cages. Nutrients: When dissolved inorganic nitrogen > 0.3 mg / L or dissolved inorganic phosphorus > 0.03 mg / L, reduce the amount of sea urchins fed, turn on the aeration equipment, and increase the frequency of water changes; Control of organic carbon and sulfides in the substrate: Monitor the content of organic carbon and sulfides in the substrate of the bottom seeding area and the cage area. When organic carbon > 3.0% or sulfides > 0.05 mg / kg, use an oxidizing substrate conditioner and turn on the oxygenation equipment and microporous aeration device. S7. Harvesting operations: Sea urchins: Harvest when the gonads are more than 70% full and the color is golden yellow. Sea cucumbers grown in net cages: 20-30cm in length, harvested at this stage; Bottom-seeded sea cucumbers: Harvest when weight ≥150g; S8. Regular maintenance: After harvesting, maintain each functional area: clean up residual feed and debris in the net cages, and repair damaged netting; regularly inspect artificial reefs, and repair and adjust any collapsed or displaced reefs; replenish algae and benthic organisms, restore the balance of the ecosystem, and then restock seedlings to enter the next aquaculture cycle.

[0040] The specific feeding method during the above feeding management process is as follows: When releasing the sea urchin seedlings, weigh the total weight and calculate the initial feeding amount based on 3-5%. Feed them kelp or wakame once a day. Subsequently, sample 1-3 times a month to measure the average weight of the sea urchins, estimate the total weight based on the survival rate, and recalculate and adjust the feeding amount. Observe the amount of uneaten feed during daily inspections. If there is too much uneaten feed, reduce the amount by 10%-20% next time. If the feed is consumed too quickly, increase the amount by 3-5%.

[0041] Example 1 (1) Select the relevant sea area near Weihai, Shandong as the aquaculture area. Select the relevant parameters of the area in the past year and calculate the following: water depth 10-13m, water flow velocity 0.2-0.5m / s, transparency ≥2m, dissolved oxygen ≥5mg / L, water temperature maintained at 8-25℃ in the past year, salinity 25-35‰, pH value range of 7.5-8.5. The sea area is a silty muddy coast, which meets the site selection criteria. (2) Aquaculture facility layout: 12 high-density polyethylene sea urchin net cages are set up. Each net cage is 4m long, 1.5m wide and 4m high. The internal double-layer frame is divided into 8 aquaculture units. Each aquaculture unit has a corrugated aquaculture fixation plate at the bottom. Several water-permeable holes with a diameter of 5mm are set on the fixation plate. A feeding pipe is set between the double-layer frame structure. An automatic feeding device is installed at the upper frame of the sea urchin net cage, including a feeding cart and a concave slide. The quantitative feeding is achieved by driving and controlling the traction motor. Six high-density polyethylene sea cucumber net cages were set up. Each net cage was 4m long, 1.5m wide and 4m high. The structure was the same as that of the sea urchin net cages. The inside was laid with a porous concrete attachment base and the surface was pre-attached with algae. Sea urchin cages and sea cucumber cages are arranged alternately with a spacing of 4m; the volume ratio of the sea urchin farming area to the sea cucumber farming area is 2:1; the sea urchin cages and sea cucumber cages are connected together using horizontal and vertical connecting rods. Located directly below the sea urchin and sea cucumber farming areas, the bottom of the net cage is 4m vertically spaced from the top of the artificial reef. Ten sets of ecological shellfish and algae reefs are set up with a stacking height of 2±0.2m. The area around the artificial reef is a seaweed planting area, where kelp and laver are interspersed one month before the seedlings are released. (3) Seedling release in net cages: In October, select sea urchin seedlings with a body length of 2±0.5cm and release them into sea urchin net cages at a density of 150 seedlings / m². 2Sea cucumber seedlings with a body length of 3±0.5cm were selected and released into sea cucumber net cages at the same time as sea urchins, with a stocking density of 15 individuals / m². 2 ; (4) Release of seedlings into artificial reefs: 15 days after the artificial reefs are released, sea cucumber seedlings with a body length of 6±1cm are selected and released into the artificial reefs at a density of 3 seedlings / m². 2 ; (5) Feeding management: During the growth period of sea urchins, feed them kelp or wakame. The initial daily feeding amount is 4% of the total weight. Take three samples per month to measure the average weight of the sea urchins. Combine the survival rate to estimate the total weight and recalculate and adjust the feeding amount. Observe the amount of uneaten food during daily inspections. If there is too much uneaten food, reduce the amount by 15% next time. If the food is consumed too quickly, increase the amount by 4%. (6) Environmental monitoring and control: During the aquaculture process, environmental monitoring devices are used to monitor the water quality parameters and bottom sediment parameters of each functional area; Dissolved oxygen: When dissolved oxygen is <5mg / L, turn on the aeration equipment to accelerate the exchange of water inside and outside the cage and increase the frequency of water exchange; pH: When pH < 7.8, sprinkle quicklime to adjust; when pH > 8.5, turn on the oxygenation equipment and microporous aeration device, and add lactic acid bacteria preparation; Temperature: When the water temperature is <8℃ in winter, adjust the hanging depth of the net cage and raise the net cage to the sea surface temperature zone; when the water temperature is >20℃ in summer, adjust the hanging depth of the net cage, open the shade net on the top of the sea urchin net cage and sea cucumber net cage, and turn on the oxygenation equipment. Lighting: Keep the device unobstructed when the light intensity is <300 lux; when the light intensity is >500 lux, open the shade nets on the top of the sea urchin and sea cucumber net cages. Nutrients: When dissolved inorganic nitrogen > 0.3 mg / L or dissolved inorganic phosphorus > 0.03 mg / L, reduce the amount of sea urchins fed, turn on the aeration equipment, and increase the frequency of water changes; Control of organic carbon and sulfides in the substrate: Monitor the content of organic carbon and sulfides in the substrate of the bottom seeding area and the cage area. When organic carbon > 3.0% or sulfides > 0.05 mg / kg, use an oxidizing substrate conditioner and turn on the oxygenation equipment and microporous aeration device. (7) Harvesting: After 10 months of cultivation, the sea urchins have more than 70% of their gonads filled with golden yellow color and a survival rate of 95%. Cage-raised sea cucumbers: After 10 months of cultivation, they reach a length of 20-30cm, with a survival rate of 92%. Bottom-seeded sea cucumbers: After 8 months of cultivation, the weight reached ≥150g, and the survival rate was 95%; (8) Regular maintenance: After harvesting, maintain each functional area: clean up the residual feed and debris in the net cages and repair the damaged nets; regularly inspect the artificial reefs and repair and adjust the collapsed or displaced reefs; replenish algae and benthic organisms, restore the balance of the ecosystem, and then restock the seedlings to enter the next breeding cycle.

Claims

1. A composite marine ranching aquaculture device based on a nutrient internal circulation system of sea urchin-algae-sea cucumber, characterized in that, Including sea urchin farming area, sea cucumber farming area, reef bottom seeding area, environmental monitoring and control system, and main connecting frame (5); The sea urchin farming area includes multiple high-density polyethylene sea urchin net cages (1), which are divided into multiple farming units by an internal frame, and the bottom of the farming unit is provided with a fixing plate (101). The sea cucumber farming area includes multiple high-density polyethylene sea cucumber net cages (2), with attachment substrates (201) laid inside the sea cucumber net cages (2), and the sea urchin net cages (1) and sea cucumber net cages (2) arranged alternately; The bottom seeding area is located below the sea urchin farming area and the sea cucumber farming area, and artificial reefs (3) are set up. The vertical distance between the bottom of the net cage and the top of the artificial reef (3) is 3-5m. The reefs (3) are laid out in an irregular stacked manner with a stacking height of 1.5-2.5m and a spacing of 4-6m between the reefs (3). The artificial reefs (3) are surrounded by seaweed planting areas (4). The environmental monitoring and control system includes a sensor group (8), a remote monitoring host (10), and a control execution unit (9). The sensor group (8) is set in each aquaculture functional area and is connected to the remote monitoring host (10) through a data transmission module. The main connecting frame (5) includes a horizontal connecting rod (501) and a vertical connecting rod (502). The horizontal connecting rod (501) is fixedly connected between the upper frame of the adjacent sea urchin cage (1) and sea cucumber cage (2). The vertical connecting rod (502) connects the cages in the same row in sequence along the cage arrangement direction.

2. The composite marine ranching aquaculture device based on sea urchin-algae-sea cucumber nutrient internal circulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sea urchin cage (1) is a double-layer frame structure with a feeding pipe (102) between the double-layer frame structure. The cage is 3-4 meters long, 1-1.5 meters wide, and 3-4 meters high, and is divided into 8 aquaculture units. The anchoring plate (101) is a corrugated aquaculture anchoring plate with several water-permeable holes.

3. The composite marine ranching aquaculture device based on sea urchin-algae-sea cucumber nutrient internal circulation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sea urchin cage (1) has an automatic feeding device (6) installed on the upper frame of the double-layer frame. The automatic feeding device (6) includes a feeding cart (601) and a concave slide (602). The feeding cart (601) is mounted on the concave slide (602) of the upper frame and is driven and controlled by a traction motor (603) to achieve quantitative feeding.

4. The composite marine ranching aquaculture device based on sea urchin-algae-sea cucumber nutrient internal circulation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The structure of the sea cucumber cage (2) is the same as that of the sea urchin cage (1). The attachment base (201) is made of porous concrete material with a pore size of 6-10 mm and diatoms attached to the surface.

5. The composite marine ranching aquaculture device based on sea urchin-algae-sea cucumber nutrient internal circulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the sea urchin cages (1) and sea cucumber cages (2) are arranged alternately, the spacing is 3-5m; the cages in the same aquaculture area are arranged in rows and columns; the volume ratio of the sea urchin aquaculture area to the sea cucumber aquaculture area is (1.5-2):

1.

6. The composite marine ranching aquaculture device based on sea urchin-algae-sea cucumber nutrient internal circulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main connecting frame (5) also includes an anchoring system (7), which consists of a main anchor (701), a secondary anchor (702) and an anchor chain (703). The main anchor (701) is a high-holding anchor with a burial depth of not less than 1.7m. Detachable lifting components are respectively installed at the four corners of the top of the main connecting frame (5).

7. The composite marine ranching aquaculture device based on sea urchin-algae-sea cucumber nutrient internal circulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor group (8) of the environmental monitoring and control system includes a water quality sensor and a bottom sediment sensor. The water quality sensor is installed in the sea urchin farming area and the sea cucumber farming area; the bottom sediment sensor is installed in the bottom seeding area and the bottom area of ​​the net cage.

8. The composite marine ranching aquaculture device based on sea urchin-algae-sea cucumber nutrient internal circulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control execution unit (9) includes an oxygenation device (901), a microporous aeration device (902), and a shading device (903). The oxygenation device (901) is located on the side of the sea urchin farming area and the sea cucumber farming area; the microporous aeration device (902) is located in the bottom seeding area; and the shading device (903) is located on the top of the sea urchin cage (1) and the sea cucumber cage (2).

9. A method for aquaculture based on the composite marine ranching aquaculture device according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Sea area selection: Select a sea area with water temperature of 5-25℃, water depth of 8-15m, water flow velocity of 0.2-0.5m / s, transparency ≥2m, dissolved oxygen ≥5mg / L, salinity of 25-35‰, and bottom sediment mainly composed of sandy mud or gravel. S2. Aquaculture facility layout: Set up sea urchin cages and sea cucumber cages and reefs in the selected area, and install fixed environmental monitoring and control systems and main connecting frames. Before placing the reefs, clean the bottom and lay a gravel layer. Plant seaweed around the reefs. S3. Seedling Release in Net Cages: Select sea urchin seedlings with a body length of 1.0-3.0 cm and release them into sea urchin net cages in October at a density of 150-200 urchins / m². 2 Select sea cucumber seedlings with a body length of 2.0-4.0 cm and release them into the sea cucumber net cages at the same time as sea urchins, with a stocking density of 15-25 individuals / m². 2 ; S4. Seedling Release in the Bottom Seeding Area: 7-15 days after the reef is set up, select sea cucumber seedlings with a body length ≥5.0cm and release them into the bottom seeding area at a density of 3-5 seedlings / m². 2 ; S5. Feeding Management: During the sea urchin's growth period, feed it with seaweed, with a daily feeding amount of 3-5% of the sea urchin's total weight. S6. Environmental monitoring and control: Use environmental monitoring devices to monitor water quality parameters and sediment parameters in each functional area; Dissolved oxygen: When dissolved oxygen is <5mg / L, turn on the aeration equipment to accelerate the exchange of water inside and outside the cage and increase the frequency of water exchange; pH: When pH < 7.8, sprinkle quicklime to adjust; when pH > 8.5, turn on the oxygenation equipment and microporous aeration device, and add lactic acid bacteria preparation; Temperature: When the water temperature is <8℃, adjust the hanging depth of the net cage and raise the net cage to the sea surface temperature zone; when the water temperature is >20℃, adjust the hanging depth of the net cage, open the shade net on top of the sea urchin net cage and sea cucumber net cage, and turn on the oxygenation equipment. Lighting: Keep the device unobstructed when the light intensity is <300 lux; when the light intensity is >500 lux, open the shade nets on the top of the sea urchin and sea cucumber net cages. Nutrients: When dissolved inorganic nitrogen > 0.3 mg / L or dissolved inorganic phosphorus > 0.03 mg / L, reduce the amount of sea urchins fed, turn on the aeration equipment, and increase the frequency of water changes; Control of organic carbon and sulfides in the substrate: Monitor the content of organic carbon and sulfides in the substrate of the bottom seeding area and the cage area. When organic carbon > 3.0% or sulfides > 0.05 mg / kg, use an oxidizing substrate conditioner and turn on the oxygenation equipment and microporous aeration device. S7. Harvesting operations: Sea urchins: Harvest when the gonads are more than 70% full and the color is golden yellow. Sea cucumbers grown in net cages: 20-30cm in length, harvested at this stage; Sea cucumbers grown at the bottom: harvest when the weight is ≥150g; S8. Regular maintenance: After harvesting, maintain each functional area: clean up residual feed and debris in the net cages, and repair damaged netting; regularly inspect artificial reefs, and repair and adjust any collapsed or displaced reefs; replenish algae and benthic organisms, restore the balance of the ecosystem, and then restock seedlings to enter the next aquaculture cycle.

10. The aquaculture method corresponding to the composite marine ranching aquaculture device based on sea urchin-algae-sea cucumber nutrient internal circulation according to claim 9, characterized in that, During the feeding management process, the specific feeding method is as follows: when releasing the sea urchin seedlings, weigh the total weight and calculate the initial daily feeding amount based on 3-5%; sample and measure the average weight of the sea urchins every month, estimate the total weight based on the survival rate, and recalculate and adjust the feeding amount; observe the amount of uneaten feed during daily inspections, and if there is too much uneaten feed, reduce the amount by 10-20% next time; if the feed is consumed too quickly, increase the amount by 3-5%.

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