Adjustable-grit self-dressing grinding wheel and its regulation method

Abstract

The application discloses a self-repairing grinding wheel with adjustable granularity and a regulation method thereof. The grinding wheel comprises a base body, a plurality of abrasive layers are fixedly sleeved on the outer periphery of the base body from inside to outside, the granularity of the abrasive layers gradually increases from inside to outside, the different abrasive layers are fixed together through different thermal response interface layers, different heating units are arranged in the different thermal response interface layers, a receiving coil is arranged on the base body, the receiving coil is electrically connected with the different heating units respectively, and an external excitation coil is further included. Through the synergistic effect of the multi-layer abrasive structure, the thermal response interface layer and the embedded heating device, the dynamic switching and self-repairing functions of the granularity of the grinding wheel are realized, and the multi-stage continuous machining requirement is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an adjustable grit size self-dressing grinding wheel and its control method, belonging to the field of grinding technology, and is applicable to working conditions in high-precision grinding where the requirements for surface roughness and processing efficiency vary. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional grinding wheels have a fixed grit size. During prolonged grinding, the abrasive grains become dull and require external dressing (such as diamond roller dressing) to restore their sharpness. This dressing method not only reduces processing efficiency but may also affect the final surface quality due to insufficient dressing precision. Furthermore, traditional grinding wheels cannot adapt to the varying grit size requirements of different processing stages. For example, large-grained abrasives (such as #80) are needed in the rough grinding stage to improve material removal, while small-grained abrasives (such as #600) are needed in the fine grinding stage to reduce surface roughness. Although some self-sharpening grinding wheels exist in the prior art (such as metal-bonded cubic boron nitride grinding wheels), their self-dressing capabilities are limited, and they cannot achieve dynamic adjustment of grit size.

[0003] The main drawbacks of existing technologies include:

[0004] 1. Repair relies on external equipment: Frequent downtime for repairs leads to longer processing cycles and increased costs.

[0005] 2. Fixed particle size: The grinding wheel needs to be replaced when switching processing stages, which reduces the continuity of the process.

[0006] 3. Risk of thermal damage: The heat generated during traditional dressing processes may affect the surface quality of the grinding wheel substrate or the workpiece.

[0007] 4. Limited applicability: Existing self-sharpening grinding wheels cannot simultaneously achieve high material removal rate and high surface finish. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adjustable-grit self-dressing grinding wheel and its control method. Through the synergistic effect of a multi-layer abrasive structure, a thermally responsive interface layer, and an embedded heating device, the dynamic switching and self-dressing function of the grinding wheel grit size is achieved, meeting the needs of multi-stage continuous processing.

[0009] The technical solution of the present invention: An adjustable grit size self-dressing grinding wheel includes a base body, on which multiple abrasive layers are fixedly sleeved from the inside to the outside on the outer periphery of the base body. The grit size of the abrasive layers gradually increases from the inside to the outside. Different abrasive layers are fixed together through different thermal response interface layers. Different heating units are provided in different thermal response interface layers. A receiving coil is provided on the base body. The receiving coil is electrically connected to different heating units respectively. It also includes an external excitation coil.

[0010] In the aforementioned adjustable grit self-dressing grinding wheel, the plurality of abrasive layers are three abrasive layers: a fine-grained layer, a medium-grained layer, and a coarse-grained layer. The fine-grained layer is fixed on the outer periphery of the substrate. The fine-grained layer and the medium-grained layer are fixed together by a second thermal response interface layer. The medium-grained layer and the coarse-grained layer are fixed together by a first thermal response interface layer. A first heating unit is provided in the first thermal response interface layer, and a second heating unit is provided in the second thermal response interface layer. A receiving coil is electrically connected to the first heating unit and the second heating unit, respectively.

[0011] In the aforementioned adjustable grit self-dressing grinding wheel, a receiving coil, a signal processing module, and a wireless transmission module are provided on the substrate. The signal processing module is electrically connected to the receiving coil and the wireless transmission module, respectively, and an external controller is also included.

[0012] In the aforementioned adjustable-grit self-dressing grinding wheel, a first temperature detection element is further provided in the first thermal response interface layer, and a second temperature detection element is further provided in the second thermal response interface layer. The signal processing module is also electrically connected to the first temperature detection element and the second temperature detection element, respectively, and the excitation coil and the controller are electrically connected together.

[0013] In the aforementioned adjustable grit self-dressing grinding wheel, the first thermal response interface layer and the second thermal response interface layer are made of thermal response binders with different melting points, wherein the melting point of the first thermal response interface layer is lower than that of the second thermal response interface layer.

[0014] In the aforementioned adjustable grit self-dressing grinding wheel, the excitation coil is fixed on the spindle seat or machine tool support.

[0015] In the aforementioned adjustable grit self-dressing grinding wheel, the substrate surface is provided with multiple grooves, in which a receiving coil, a signal processing module, and a wireless transmission module are respectively placed, and the grooves are potted and cured with high-temperature resistant ceramic adhesive, and the outer surface is covered with a ceramic sheet.

[0016] In the aforementioned adjustable grit self-dressing grinding wheel, the first heating unit and the second heating unit are metal foil films. The metal foil films are embedded circumferentially between the abrasive layer and the corresponding thermal response interface layer. A power supply selection switch assembly is provided between the receiving coil and each heating unit. The power supply selection switch assembly includes a first controlled switch branch and a second controlled switch branch respectively connected to the first heating unit and the second heating unit. The control terminals of the first controlled switch branch and the second controlled switch branch are electrically connected to the signal processing module. According to the layer stripping command issued by the controller, the signal processing module only turns on the controlled switch branch corresponding to the target abrasive layer and keeps the other controlled switch branches off, so that the electrical energy output by the receiving coil is only transmitted to the target heating unit.

[0017] In the aforementioned adjustable grit size self-dressing grinding wheel, a heat insulation layer is also provided between the thermal response interface layer and the outer abrasive layer.

[0018] A method for controlling an adjustable-grit self-dressing grinding wheel involves performing rough grinding, semi-fine grinding, and fine grinding on a workpiece during grinding. The workpiece is processed by coarse-grit, medium-grit, and fine-grit layers on the grinding wheel, respectively. After rough grinding, a first heating unit heats a first thermal response interface layer, causing it to melt and thus peeling the coarse-grit layer off the grinding wheel. After semi-fine grinding, a second heating unit heats a second thermal response interface layer, causing it to melt and thus peeling the medium-grit layer off the grinding wheel.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Compared with the prior art, the present invention, by adopting the above-described technical solution, has the following advantages:

[0020] 1. Achieve online grit size adjustment, automatically adapt to multi-stage grinding, and eliminate the need for manual replacement of grinding wheels with different grit sizes;

[0021] 2. The temperature-controlled abrasive peeling mechanism is safe and reliable, with a reasonable thermal response interface design and controllable delamination sequence;

[0022] 3. The embedded heating and induction systems are highly integrated, improving system compactness and control precision;

[0023] 4. The modular structural design facilitates compatibility and deployment with existing grinding machine platforms;

[0024] 5. Significantly improves processing efficiency and part surface quality, especially suitable for high-precision and high-hardness material processing scenarios;

[0025] 6. The overall lifespan of the grinding wheel is extended, reducing the frequency of maintenance and manual intervention. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the present invention.

[0029] Reference numerals: 1-substrate, 2-fine-grained layer, 3-medium-grained layer, 4-coarse-grained layer, 5-first thermal response interface layer, 6-second thermal response interface layer, 7-first heating unit, 8-first temperature detection element, 9-second heating unit, 10-second temperature detection element, 11-receiving coil, 12-signal processing module, 13-wireless transmission module, 14-excitation coil, 15-controller, 16-insulation layer. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but this should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0031] An embodiment of the present invention: An adjustable grit size self-dressing grinding wheel includes a base 1, with multiple abrasive layers fixedly sleeved on the outer periphery of the base 1 from the inside to the outside. The grit size of the abrasive layers gradually increases from the inside to the outside. Different abrasive layers are fixed together through different thermal response interface layers. Different heating units are provided in different thermal response interface layers. A receiving coil 11 is provided on the base 1. The receiving coil 11 is electrically connected to different heating units respectively. It also includes an external excitation coil 14.

[0032] When using the adjustable-grit self-dressing grinding wheel of this invention, the outermost abrasive layer can perform rough grinding, while the innermost abrasive layer can perform fine grinding. During grinding operations on a workpiece, rough grinding is performed first, followed by fine grinding, with semi-fine grinding possible between the two processes. If only two grinding processes (rough and fine) are performed, the abrasive layer consists of two layers; if three grinding processes (rough, semi-fine, and fine) are performed, the abrasive layer consists of three layers. During the grinding process, the outermost abrasive layer is first used for rough grinding of the workpiece. After rough grinding, the outermost abrasive layer needs to be peeled off the grinding wheel, and then the innermost abrasive layer is used for semi-fine or fine grinding of the workpiece. The peeling process of the abrasive layer is as follows: the excitation coil 14 is energized to generate a magnetic field. Based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, when the receiving coil 11 is in the magnetic field generated by the excitation coil 14, an induced electromotive force and an induced current are generated inside it. By controlling the circuit connection between the receiving coil 11 and the corresponding heating unit in the outermost thermal response interface layer, the heating unit heats the outermost thermal response interface layer, causing the material constituting the thermal response interface layer to melt. This allows the outer abrasive layer connected to the thermal response interface layer, as well as the thermal response interface layer itself, to be detached from the grinding wheel. The inner abrasive layer can then be used for semi-finishing or finishing the workpiece.

[0033] The multiple abrasive layers are three abrasive layers: a fine-grained layer 2, a medium-grained layer 3, and a coarse-grained layer 4. The fine-grained layer 2 is fixed to the outer periphery of the substrate 1 using conventional methods. The fine-grained layer 2 and the medium-grained layer 3 are bonded together via a second thermally responsive interface layer 6. The medium-grained layer 3 and the coarse-grained layer 4 are bonded together via a first thermally responsive interface layer 5. A first heating unit 7 is disposed in the first thermally responsive interface layer 5, and a second heating unit 9 is disposed in the second thermally responsive interface layer 6. A receiving coil 11 is electrically connected to the first heating unit 7 and the second heating unit 9, respectively. In this structure, the coarse-grained layer 4 is used for rough grinding, the medium-grained layer 3 for semi-fine grinding, and the fine-grained layer 2 for fine grinding. After coarse grinding, the circuit between the receiving coil 11 and the first heating unit 7 is activated, allowing the first heating unit 7 to heat the first thermal response interface layer 5, melting the material constituting the first thermal response interface layer 5. This allows the coarse-grained layer 4 and the first thermal response interface layer 5 to peel off from the grinding wheel. After removing the first heating unit 7, the medium-grained layer 3 can be used for semi-finish grinding of the workpiece. Similarly, when fine grinding is required, the circuit between the receiving coil 11 and the second heating unit 9 is activated, allowing the second heating unit 9 to heat the second thermal response interface layer 6, melting the material constituting the second thermal response interface layer 6. This allows the medium-grained layer 3 and the second thermal response interface layer 6 to peel off from the grinding wheel. After removing the second heating unit 9, the fine-grained layer 2 can be used for fine grinding of the workpiece.

[0034] The substrate 1 is equipped with a receiving coil 11, a signal processing module 12, and a wireless transmission module 13. The signal processing module 12 is electrically connected to both the receiving coil 11 and the wireless transmission module 13. An external controller 15 is also included. When the coarse-grained layer 4 needs to be peeled off, pressing the coarse-grained layer peeling button on the controller 15 activates the controller 15, which sends a corresponding control signal. The wireless transmission module 13 receives this control signal and transmits it to the signal processing module 12. The signal processing module 12 then controls the switch on the circuit connecting the receiving coil 11 and the first heating unit 7 to close, thus connecting the circuit between them. Similarly, when the medium-grained layer 3 needs to be peeled off, pressing the medium-grained layer peeling button on the controller 15 activates the circuit. During the peeling of the coarse-grained layer 4, the circuit between the receiving coil 11 and the second heating unit 9 is disconnected. Automatic control can be achieved by adding the signal processing module 12, the wireless transmission module 13, and the controller 15.

[0035] Specifically, the output terminal of the receiving coil 11 serves as a common power supply terminal, connected to the first heating unit 7 via a first controlled switch branch and to the second heating unit 9 via a second controlled switch branch. The first and second controlled switch branches can be high-temperature resistant miniature relays, solid-state relays, power MOS switches, or equivalent high-temperature resistant electronic switches. Each controlled switch branch is in the off state by default. When the coarse-grained layer 4 needs to be peeled off, the controller 15 sends a coarse-grained layer peeling command to the wireless transmission module 13. After receiving and recognizing the command, the signal processing module 12 outputs a conduction signal only to the first controlled switch branch, forming a closed power supply loop between the receiving coil 11 and the first heating unit 7; simultaneously, the second controlled switch branch remains off, and the second heating unit 9 does not receive power, therefore the second thermal response interface layer 6 is not actively heated. When the medium-grained layer 3 needs to be peeled off, the signal processing module 12 only conducts the second controlled switch branch and keeps the first controlled switch branch off.

[0036] The first thermal response interface layer 5 is further provided with a first temperature detection element 8, and the second thermal response interface layer 6 is further provided with a second temperature detection element 10. The signal processing module 12 is electrically connected to the first temperature detection element 8 and the second temperature detection element 10, respectively. The excitation coil 14 and the controller 15 are electrically connected together. Different temperature detection elements are used to collect the temperature inside different thermal response interface layers and feed back the collected temperature signal to the signal processing module 12. The temperature signal is then transmitted to the controller 15 through the wireless transmission module 13. Assuming the melting trigger temperature of the first thermal response interface layer 5 is set to 120℃~130℃ and the melting trigger temperature of the second thermal response interface layer 6 is set to 170℃~180℃, when the coarse-grained layer 4 is peeled off, the temperatures of the first thermal response interface layer 5 and the second thermal response interface layer 6 are collected by the first temperature detection element 8 and the second temperature detection element 10, respectively. When the first temperature detection element 8 detects that the temperature of the first thermal response interface layer 5 has reached 120℃~130℃, the controller 15 will control the excitation coil 14 to cut off the power to prevent the first heating unit 7 from continuing to heat. This is because during the heating process of the first heating unit 7 on the first thermal response interface layer 5, heat will also be transferred to the inner layer through the medium-grained layer 3. If the first heating unit 7 continues to heat, the temperature of the second thermal response interface layer 6 may reach 170℃~180℃, which will cause the second thermal response interface layer 6 to melt. To prevent accidental melting, a first temperature detection element 8 and a second temperature detection element 10 are provided to collect the heating temperature. This is used to monitor the temperature around the heating element inside the grinding wheel in real time, ensuring that the temperature reaches but does not exceed the trigger point of the thermal response interface layer during the heating process.

[0037] The first thermal response interface layer 5 and the second thermal response interface layer 6 are made of thermal response binders with different melting points. The melting point of the first thermal response interface layer 5 is lower than that of the second thermal response interface layer 6. This avoids the second thermal response interface layer 6 from accidentally melting due to heat transfer inward during the heating process of the first thermal response interface layer 5, so as to achieve orderly separation of the abrasive.

[0038] The excitation coil 14 is fixed on the spindle seat or machine tool support and is arranged around the center of the grinding wheel. The controller 15 can adjust the output frequency and current of the excitation coil 14 to provide energy for the replacement of the abrasive layer.

[0039] The substrate 1 has multiple grooves on its surface, in which a receiving coil 11, a signal processing module 12, and a wireless transmission module 13 are respectively placed. The receiving coil 11 is a flat spiral coil made of high-temperature wear-resistant wire. The pre-processed receiving coil 11 is pre-formed into a ring shape, lightly pressed into the groove, leaving appropriate thermal expansion gaps, and then potted and cured with high-temperature resistant ceramic adhesive. A ceramic sheet is placed on the outer surface for sealing to increase wear resistance and protection.

[0040] The first heating unit 7 and the second heating unit 9 are metal foil films, which are connected to the receiving coil 11 through wires and embedded circumferentially between the abrasive layer and the corresponding thermal response interface layer, ensuring the balance of the grinding wheel while generating sufficient heat.

[0041] A heat insulation layer 16 is also provided between the thermally responsive interface layer and the outer abrasive layer. Specifically, a heat insulation layer 16 is provided between the first thermally responsive interface layer 5 and the coarse-grained layer 4, and also between the second thermally responsive interface layer 6 and the medium-grained layer 3. This heat insulation layer 16 is used to isolate the outer abrasive layer from the heat transferred to the inner thermally responsive interface layer during grinding operations. For example, when using the coarse-grained layer 4 for rough grinding, the heat generated by the coarse-grained layer 4 in contact with the workpiece will be transferred to the inner layer through the coarse-grained layer 4. The heat insulation layer 16 between the first thermally responsive interface layer 5 and the coarse-grained layer 4 can block this heat transfer to the inner layer, thereby preventing the inner thermally responsive interface layer from accidentally melting due to heat transfer during the grinding process, causing its temperature to rise to the trigger temperature.

[0042] The following describes the various components that constitute the adjustable grit self-skilling grinding wheel of the present invention:

[0043] 1. Grinding wheel base

[0044] The substrate 1 is made of high-temperature resistant metal, ceramic, or their composite materials, possessing excellent thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, and wear resistance. Three sets of grooves are provided on the surface of the substrate 1 for embedding the receiving coil 11, the signal processing module 12, and the wireless transmission module 13. The groove openings face the end face of the substrate 1 for installation and potting. This structure not only supports the external abrasive layer but also provides a supporting structure for the heating control and temperature monitoring system.

[0045] 2. Multi-layer abrasive

[0046] Two or more layers of abrasive particles of different grit sizes are sequentially arranged in an encapsulating manner around the outer periphery of the substrate 1. Each abrasive layer uses a different grit size number (e.g., outer layer 80#, middle layer 180#, inner layer 600#, etc.) to meet the continuous processing requirements of coarse grinding, semi-fine grinding, and fine grinding. Each abrasive layer is bonded with a different binder, and a thermally responsive interface film is embedded between the layers to form a thermally responsive interface layer to control delamination behavior.

[0047] 3. Thermal response interface layer

[0048] The thermally responsive interface layer is a key structure for achieving the functions of abrasive wheel delamination, grit size conversion, and self-skilling. This layer is located between abrasive layers of different grit sizes and has the property of controllable destruction or separation after heating. The thermally responsive interface layer should meet the requirements of low-temperature triggering, high-strength adhesion, sensitive thermal response, and controllable delamination.

[0049] A thermally responsive binder is continuously applied to different abrasive grains. Furthermore, the melting points of the thermally responsive binders differ between the different abrasive grains. The melting point of the thermally responsive binder between the coarse-grained and medium-grained layers is lower than that between the medium-grained and fine-grained layers, in order to achieve orderly separation of the abrasive grains.

[0050] 4. Embedded heating device

[0051] It is used to precisely control the heating area and heating temperature, so that the thermal response interface layer reaches the trigger temperature, thereby causing the surface abrasive layer to fall off and expose a new abrasive layer, realizing the functions of particle size switching and self-compensation.

[0052] ① External excitation coil (generates energy)

[0053] The excitation coil 14 is fixed on the spindle seat or machine tool support and is set around the center of the grinding wheel. The controller 15 can adjust the output frequency and current of the excitation coil 14 to provide energy for the replacement of the abrasive layer.

[0054] ②Embedded induction receiving coil (for receiving energy)

[0055] A groove is formed on the surface of the grinding wheel substrate 1 to facilitate the embedding of the receiving coil 11. The receiving coil 11 is a flat spiral coil made of high-temperature wear-resistant wire. The processed coil is pre-formed into a loop module, gently pressed into the groove, leaving an appropriate thermal expansion gap, and then potted and cured with high-temperature resistant ceramic glue. An additional ceramic sheet can be added to the outer surface to increase wear resistance and protection.

[0056] ③ Embedded heating unit (electric heating layer)

[0057] Embedded between the abrasive layer and the thermal response interface layer, it is connected to the receiving coil 11 via a high-temperature resistant insulated wire. It converts the electrical energy supplied by the receiving coil 11 into heat energy, thereby causing the abrasive layer to detach automatically. The aforementioned "connection to the receiving coil 11" refers to connection via a selectable power supply branch. The electrical energy sensed by the receiving coil 11 first enters the power supply selection switch assembly, and then the signal processing module 12 selects the corresponding branch output according to the instructions of the controller 15. Therefore, during the peeling stage of the coarse-grained layer 4, only the branch containing the first heating unit 7 is closed and generates heat, while the branch containing the second heating unit 9 remains open; during the peeling stage of the medium-grained layer 3, only the branch containing the second heating unit 9 is closed and generates heat.

[0058] The heating unit uses a metal foil film, which is connected to the receiving coil 11 through a wire and is evenly embedded in the abrasive layer and the thermal response interface layer in the circumferential direction to ensure the balance of the grinding wheel while generating sufficient heat.

[0059] 5. Temperature sensing element

[0060] Used to monitor the temperature around the heating unit inside the grinding wheel in real time, ensuring that the temperature reaches but does not exceed the trigger point of the thermal response interface layer during the heating process.

[0061] Near the thermal response interface layer, thermistors or thermocouples are evenly distributed along the circumference and connected to the internal signal processing module 12 via high-temperature resistant wires. They are indirectly powered by the receiving coil 11 to achieve data acquisition. After data acquisition, the temperature data is wirelessly transmitted via an embedded Bluetooth module or a low-power wireless transmission module, enabling real-time communication with the controller 15.

[0062] This invention also protects a method for controlling an adjustable-grit self-dressing grinding wheel using the above-described structure. During the grinding process of a workpiece, the workpiece is subjected to rough grinding, semi-fine grinding, and fine grinding respectively through the coarse-grained layer 4, the medium-grained layer 3, and the fine-grained layer 2 on the grinding wheel. After rough grinding, the first thermal response interface layer 5 is heated by the first heating unit 7, causing the first thermal response interface layer 5 to melt and thereby peeling the coarse-grained layer 4 off the grinding wheel. After semi-fine grinding, the second thermal response interface layer 6 is heated by the second heating unit 9, causing the second thermal response interface layer 6 to melt and thereby peeling the medium-grained layer 3 off the grinding wheel.

[0063] The grinding process should be carried out according to the following procedure:

[0064] Start-up phase: Install the grinding wheel and each module, set the grinding program parameters, and the system enters standby mode.

[0065] Coarse grinding stage: The outer coarse-grained layer 4 participates in the processing, and the local heat generation is continuously monitored by temperature detection elements.

[0066] Triggered heating: After coarse grinding, the controller 15 drives the first heating unit 7 to work, and continuously monitors the local heat generation through the temperature detection element. When the temperature of the first thermal response interface layer 5 reaches the preset temperature, the first thermal response interface layer 5 melts and the coarse-grained layer 4 falls off.

[0067] Grit switching: The medium-grit layer 3 is automatically exposed, and semi-finish grinding continues. After semi-finish grinding is completed, the controller 15 drives the second heating unit 9 to work, and continuously monitors the local heat generation through temperature detection elements. When the temperature of the second thermal response interface layer 6 reaches the preset temperature, the second thermal response interface layer 6 melts and the medium-grit layer 3 falls off.

[0068] Self-drying complete: Automatically exposed, continuing fine grinding operations. Fine-grained layer 2 operation terminates, grinding wheel is decommissioned or replaced.

[0069] During operation, the controller 15 monitors the temperature of the target thermal response layer and adjacent non-target thermal response layers in real time. When the temperature of a non-target thermal response layer approaches its trigger temperature, the heating is immediately reduced or stopped. Through zoned heating, phased start-up, thermal insulation structure, and closed-loop temperature control, the accidental melting of the inner thermal response layer when the outer thermal response layer melts can be avoided.

Claims

1. An adjustable grit size self-skilling grinding wheel, characterized in that: It includes a substrate (1), on which multiple abrasive layers are fixedly sleeved from the inside to the outside on the outer periphery of the substrate (1). The particle size of the abrasive layers gradually increases from the inside to the outside. Different abrasive layers are fixed together through different thermal response interface layers. Different heating units are provided in different thermal response interface layers. A receiving coil (11) is provided on the substrate (1). The receiving coil (11) is electrically connected to different heating units respectively. It also includes an external excitation coil (14).

2. The adjustable grit size self-skilling grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple abrasive layers are three abrasive layers: fine-grained layer (2), medium-grained layer (3), and coarse-grained layer (4). The fine-grained layer (2) is fixed on the outer periphery of the substrate (1). The fine-grained layer (2) and the medium-grained layer (3) are fixed together by a second thermal response interface layer (6). The medium-grained layer (3) and the coarse-grained layer (4) are fixed together by a first thermal response interface layer (5). A first heating unit (7) is provided in the first thermal response interface layer (5), and a second heating unit (9) is provided in the second thermal response interface layer (6). The receiving coil (11) is electrically connected to the first heating unit (7) and the second heating unit (9) respectively.

3. The adjustable grit size self-skilling grinding wheel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The substrate (1) is provided with a receiving coil (11), a signal processing module (12) and a wireless transmission module (13). The signal processing module (12) is electrically connected to the receiving coil (11) and the wireless transmission module (13) respectively. It also includes an external controller (15).

4. The adjustable grit size self-skilling grinding wheel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first thermal response interface layer (5) is also provided with a first temperature detection element (8), and the second thermal response interface layer (6) is also provided with a second temperature detection element (10). The signal processing module (12) is also electrically connected to the first temperature detection element (8) and the second temperature detection element (10) respectively. The excitation coil (14) and the controller (15) are electrically connected together.

5. The adjustable grit size self-skilling grinding wheel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first thermal response interface layer (5) and the second thermal response interface layer (6) are made of thermal response binders with different melting points, wherein the melting point of the first thermal response interface layer (5) is lower than the melting point of the second thermal response interface layer (6).

6. The adjustable grit size self-skilling grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The excitation coil (14) is fixed on the spindle seat or machine tool bracket.

7. The adjustable grit size self-skilling grinding wheel according to claim 4, characterized in that: The substrate (1) has multiple grooves on its surface, in which a receiving coil (11), a signal processing module (12), and a wireless transmission module (13) are placed respectively. The substrate is then potted and cured with high-temperature resistant ceramic adhesive, and a ceramic sheet is placed on its outer surface for sealing.

8. The adjustable grit size self-skilling grinding wheel according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first heating unit (7) and the second heating unit (9) are metal foil films. The metal foil films are embedded circumferentially between the abrasive layer and the corresponding thermal response interface layer. A power supply selection switch assembly is provided between the receiving coil (11) and each heating unit. The power supply selection switch assembly includes a first controlled switch branch and a second controlled switch branch that are respectively connected to the first heating unit (7) and the second heating unit (9). The control terminals of the first controlled switch branch and the second controlled switch branch are electrically connected to the signal processing module (12). According to the layer stripping command issued by the controller (15), the signal processing module (12) only conducts the controlled switch branch corresponding to the target abrasive layer and keeps the other controlled switch branches off, so that the electrical energy output by the receiving coil (11) is only transmitted to the target heating unit.

9. The adjustable grit size self-skilling grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that: A heat insulation layer (16) is also provided between the thermal response interface layer and the outer abrasive layer.

10. A method for controlling an adjustable grit size self-skilling grinding wheel as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: During the grinding process, the workpiece is rough-ground, semi-fine-ground, and fine-ground through the coarse-grained layer (4), medium-grained layer (3), and fine-grained layer (2) on the grinding wheel, respectively. After the rough grinding is completed, the first thermal response interface layer (5) is heated by the first heating unit (7) to melt the first thermal response interface layer (5) and thus peel off the coarse-grained layer (4) from the grinding wheel. After the semi-fine grinding is completed, the second thermal response interface layer (6) is heated by the second heating unit (9) to melt the second thermal response interface layer (6) and thus peel off the medium-grained layer (3) from the grinding wheel.

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