A block stone revetment structure based on synergistic reinforcement of a plastic blank and a flexible cable and a construction method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a block stone revetment structure based on plastic blank and flexible cable belt cooperative enhancement and a construction method thereof, wherein the block stone ring structure comprises a filter layer laid on a bank slope soil body, at least one layer of block stones is built on the filter layer, and consolidation pieces are arranged between upper and lower layers of block stones and / or between adjacent block stones of each layer, the consolidation pieces being used for consolidating adjacent block stones into an integrated whole after contacting with ambient water, wherein the consolidation pieces are cut from a hydraulic plastic blank. The above scheme adopts a magnesium sulfate oxygen gel system to prepare a blank in a semi-dry plastic state when leaving a factory, the blank can be cut into thin pieces with a required thickness on site, meanwhile, flexible cable belts are wound between the block stones to form a space network constraint, the block stones can significantly improve the bonding strength and overall toughness between the block stones without completely blocking the gaps between the block stones and without changing the ecological function of the dry-laid revetment, and can effectively resist the "suction-discharge" damage effect caused by a ship wave.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waterway revetment engineering technology, specifically designing a riprap revetment structure based on the synergistic reinforcement of plastic blanks and flexible cable straps, and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Bank protection projects are crucial facilities for ensuring the safety of inland waterways and the livelihoods of people living along their banks. Dry-laid riprap bank protection is the most common bank protection structure along inland waterways such as the Yangtze and Xijiang rivers due to its advantages including the availability of local materials, adaptability to foundation deformation, good permeability, and eco-friendliness. Its typical structure consists of a surface layer of dry-laid riprap and a lower filter layer, with the riprap forming a stable structure through their own weight and interlocking.

[0003] However, with the upgrading of inland waterways and the obvious trend towards larger and faster vessels, ship waves have become a key factor threatening the safety of riverbank protection. For example, in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, the waterway is narrow and the banks are strongly constrained, resulting in low-frequency, high-energy swells and secondary backflows caused by ship waves, exhibiting strong reciprocating characteristics. This reciprocating flow creates a continuous "suction-discharge" effect in the gaps between the boulders—when waves surge upwards, water is forced into the gaps, impacting the filter layer; when waves recede, negative pressure is generated, drawing water and fine soil particles outwards. Long-term repeated action causes the fine particles in the filter layer and base soil to be gradually eroded and carried away, forming hidden voids beneath the boulders. The boulders gradually loosen and sink, ultimately leading to large-scale collapse of the revetment.

[0004] Currently, the technical solutions to this problem mainly fall into two categories:

[0005] One approach is anchoring, which involves using soil nails, anchor rods, or other components to anchor the boulders to the base soil. The limitations of this approach are: gaps can easily form between the anchor and the soil due to long-term micro-movement, leading to a gradual decrease in anchoring force; the anchors themselves lack reliable fixing points within the gaps between the boulders, requiring high installation precision; and the anchors are mostly made of metal, which poses a risk of corrosion in the repeated immersion environment of river water.

[0006] The second type is grouting, which involves injecting cement grout or chemical grout into the gaps between the stones to transform dry masonry into grout masonry. The limitations of this type of solution are: grouting blocks the gaps between the stones, compromising the permeability and ecological exchange function of the dry masonry revetment; grouting requires dry ground conditions, making it difficult to implement in areas with fluctuating water levels; and the hardened cement grout forms a rigid bond, unable to accommodate the slight displacement of the stones due to temperature changes and foundation settlement, thus making it prone to cracking.

[0007] From the perspective of material morphology, existing bonding materials used for rubble masonry can be summarized into three forms: first, dry powder, which requires on-site mixing with water, a complicated process and difficult to control precisely; second, wet slurry, which has high fluidity and is easy to run off on slopes, making it difficult to lay precisely between the contact surfaces of the rubble; and third, precast hard blocks, such as concrete blocks, which have a fixed shape and cannot adapt to the irregular shape of the contact surface of the rubble.

[0008] Furthermore, regarding the selection of cementitious materials, while traditional magnesium oxychloride cement possesses the characteristics of early strength and rapid hardening, its hydration products are prone to hydrolysis under prolonged fresh water immersion, leading to strength reduction. This necessitates the addition of external modifiers to improve water resistance, increasing the complexity and cost of the formulation. Magnesium oxysulfate cement, on the other hand, uses basic magnesium sulfate crystals as its main hydration product, exhibiting intrinsic water resistance and being chloride-free, posing no risk of corrosion to the environment or metal components. However, the hydration reaction rate of magnesium oxysulfate cement is relatively fast. When used for precast plastic billets, the reaction process needs to be controlled through setting regulators to ensure sufficient plastic working time for the billet. A complete solution to this technical problem has not yet been found in existing publicly available documents.

[0009] Meanwhile, while existing technologies include adding tie bars to masonry, these typically use rigid metal rods, which pose a risk of corrosion and are difficult to bond tightly to the irregular contact surfaces of the boulders. Flexible cable straps are commonly used in masonry engineering for geogrid-reinforced earth walls; however, there are no reports on their application in dry-laid boulders revetments in conjunction with plastic binders.

[0010] Therefore, it is necessary to design a revetment structure to overcome the above-mentioned defects. Summary of the Invention

[0011] This invention provides a riprap revetment structure and its construction method based on the synergistic reinforcement of plastic blanks and flexible cable straps. By adopting a sulfur-oxygen-magnesium cementing system, the blanks are in a semi-dry and plastic state when they leave the factory and can be cut into thin sheets of the required thickness on site. At the same time, flexible cable straps are wrapped around the riprap to form a spatial network constraint. This can significantly improve the bonding strength and overall toughness between the riprap without completely blocking the gaps between the riprap and without changing the ecological function of the dry-laid revetment, and effectively resist the "absorption-discharge" damage caused by ship waves.

[0012] In a first aspect, the present invention proposes a riprap revetment structure based on the synergistic reinforcement of plastic blanks and flexible cable straps, comprising a filter layer laid on the bank slope soil, wherein at least one layer of riprap is constructed on the filter layer, and a consolidation plate is provided between the upper and lower layers of riprap and / or between adjacent riprap in each layer, the consolidation plate being used to consolidate adjacent riprap into a single unit upon contact with ambient water, wherein:

[0013] The consolidated sheet is cut from a hydraulic plastic preform, the dry material of which comprises the following components by mass percentage:

[0014] The gelling component accounts for 40% to 55% of the total dry mass;

[0015] The blending components comprise 10% to 18% of the total dry weight.

[0016] The setting and coagulation modifier accounts for 0.5% to 2% of the total dry weight.

[0017] The filler component accounts for 15% to 25% of the total dry mass;

[0018] Plasticized water-retaining components account for 3% to 8% of the total dry weight.

[0019] Furthermore, the gelling component is selected from lightly calcined magnesium oxide powder; the blending component is selected from magnesium sulfate heptahydrate; the setting and regulating component is selected from citric acid or sodium citrate; the filler component is selected from granite powder or basalt powder; and the plasticizing and water-retaining component is selected from pregelatinized glutinous rice starch or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether.

[0020] Furthermore, the active magnesium oxide content in the lightly calcined magnesium oxide powder is not less than 60%, and the fineness is such that the residue on a 200-mesh sieve is not greater than 5%.

[0021] The fineness of the granite powder or basalt powder is such that the residue on a 300-mesh sieve is no more than 5%.

[0022] Furthermore, the manufacturing process of the hydraulic plastic preform is as follows:

[0023] Mix the gelling components, blending components, setting modifiers, filler components, and plasticizing water-retaining components in a specific ratio to form a dry material.

[0024] Add magnesium sulfate aqueous solution and stir to prepare a semi-dry material with a moisture content of 15% to 25%;

[0025] The semi-dry material is pressed into a block shape using a molding die, and then sealed and packaged with a sealing film.

[0026] Furthermore, the magnesium sulfate aqueous solution accounts for 15% to 25% of the total mass of the dry material, and has a mass concentration of 20% to 30%.

[0027] Furthermore, the sealing film is selected from aluminum foil composite film or polyethylene film.

[0028] Furthermore, flexible cable straps are used to wrap around the stones to form an integral structure.

[0029] Furthermore, the flexible cable is wound around adjacent stones in an S-shaped or figure-eight pattern to form a spatial network constraint.

[0030] Furthermore, the flexible cable is a rope or belt woven from basalt fiber yarn, with a width of 30mm to 50mm, a thickness of 1 to 3mm, and a tensile strength of not less than 800MPa.

[0031] Secondly, the present invention proposes a construction method for a riprap revetment structure based on the synergistic reinforcement of plastic blanks and flexible cable straps as described in the first aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0032] Billet preparation and supply: Hydraulic plastic billets are prepared in the factory according to the designed proportions;

[0033] Bank slope filter layer preparation: Clean the bank slope surface and lay the filter layer;

[0034] On-site preparation of boulders and billets: Construction workers manually sort the boulders on the construction site, remove surface debris, and take out the sealed packages of hydraulic plastic billet blocks, remove the sealing film, and prepare tools for cutting the hydraulic plastic billets.

[0035] Stone masonry and consolidation plate laying: Construction workers lay stones on the filter layer and cut consolidation plates of the required thickness and width according to the size of the contact surface and the thickness of the gap of the stones. The cut consolidation plates are then laid between the contact surfaces of adjacent stones to ensure close contact between the stones and the consolidation plates.

[0036] Flexible cable wrapping: During the construction of rubble masonry and the laying of consolidation plates, flexible cable wrapping is used to wrap adjacent rubble masonry blocks;

[0037] Layer-by-layer masonry: After completing the current layer, continue to lay the next layer of rubble from the foot of the slope to the top of the slope until the design requirements are met, and lay a consolidation plate on the horizontal contact surface between the upper and lower layers of rubble. At the same time, after each layer or every other layer of rubble is laid, wrap the rubble with cable at least once.

[0038] Natural activation and hardening: After all the stones are laid, they will naturally activate and harden to the designed strength.

[0039] Beneficial effects:

[0040] 1. The materials are pre-mixed and sealed in the factory and supplied in block form. On-site construction only requires unpacking, cutting, and laying; no on-site mixing, grouting equipment, or curing watering are required. The process is simple and environmentally friendly.

[0041] 2. The blank is in a semi-dry, plastic state and can be easily cut into thin sheets of any thickness by metal wire, adapting to the thickness requirements of different stone gaps, with high material utilization and little waste.

[0042] 3. During construction, the thin sheet remains soft and malleable. Under the weight of the stone blocks and the action of hammering, it fits the irregular contact surface, achieving flexible interlocking between the stones and tight contact. At the same time, it can effectively control the filling degree of the gaps between the stones.

[0043] 4. During its service life, the sheet hardens upon contact with water, solidifying the stones into a unified whole and effectively resisting the "suction-discharge" destructive effect of ship waves. The sheet is only laid at the contact surfaces of adjacent stones, without filling all gaps between the stones, thus fully preserving the permeability, ecological exchange function, and original appearance of the revetment.

[0044] 5. After being sealed with film, the billets are packed into rigid plastic turnover boxes, one billet per box. This makes storage and transportation convenient, extends the shelf life, and allows for immediate use upon opening the box, making it suitable for field construction conditions in waterway revetment projects.

[0045] 6. The billet adopts a magnesium sulfate-oxygen cementing system, and the hydration product is basic magnesium sulfate crystals, which have intrinsic water resistance. It does not produce strength shrinkage in long-term fresh water immersion environment, and does not contain chloride ions, so it poses no risk of corrosion to the environment and metal components.

[0046] 7. The main cementitious component of the billet is lightly calcined magnesium oxide, with a calcination temperature of approximately 800℃, significantly lower than the 1450℃ of silicate cement, resulting in lower production energy consumption and carbon emissions. The billet can naturally break down and weather at the end of its service life, producing no harmful residues.

[0047] 8. By introducing flexible cable as a tensile reinforcing phase, it together with the hardened hydraulic plastic billet to form a "compression-tensile" dual-element stress system. The two work together to give the revetment structure the toughness to resist cyclic loads.

[0048] 9. The flexible cable is made of basalt fiber, which has the characteristics of being resistant to acid and alkali corrosion, UV aging, high tensile strength, and thermal expansion coefficient similar to that of rock. It can maintain its mechanical properties for a long time in the humid, fluctuating water level and scouring environment of waterway revetment. Moreover, the material itself is derived from natural volcanic rock, making it ecological and environmentally friendly. Attached Figure Description

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the riprap revetment structure described in this invention;

[0050] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the finished hydraulic plastic preform packaged in a box;

[0051] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the flexible interlocking state of the consolidation plates at the contact surfaces of adjacent stones.

[0052] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the construction method described in this invention;

[0053] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of a flexible cable wrapped around rocks;

[0054] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the arbitrary winding path of the flexible cable between the rocks.

[0055] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-bank slope soil; 2-filter layer; 3-consolidation sheet; 4-rubble; 5-water body; 6-turnover box; 7-hydraulic plastic billet; 8-sealing membrane; 9-flexible cable; 10-winding path; 401-upper layer rubble; 402-lower layer rubble. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0057] Example 1:

[0058] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a riprap revetment structure based on the synergistic reinforcement of plastic blanks and flexible cable straps, including a filter layer 2 laid on the bank slope soil 1, at least one layer of riprap 4 built on the filter layer 2, and consolidation plates 3 provided between the upper and lower layers of riprap 4 and / or between adjacent riprap 4 in each layer. The consolidation plates 3 are used to consolidate adjacent riprap 4 into one piece after contact with ambient water, wherein:

[0059] The consolidation plate 3 is made of, for example Figure 2 The block-shaped hydraulic plastic blank 7 shown is cut from the concrete. The hydraulic plastic blank 7 is a semi-dry, malleable block pre-packaged and sealed in a factory. In its sealed state, it is like putty, possessing soft, malleable, and cuttable physical properties. Upon contact with ambient water, it undergoes a hydration reaction and gradually hardens, solidifying adjacent blocks 4 into a single unit, as shown in the image. Figure 3 As shown.

[0060] In practical implementation, the material composition of the hydraulic plastic blank 7 includes the following components by dry mass percentage:

[0061] (1) The gelling component accounts for 50% of the total dry mass. Lightly calcined magnesium oxide powder is selected during implementation, with an active magnesium oxide content of not less than 60% and a fineness of not more than 5% on a 200-mesh sieve. Lightly calcined magnesium oxide is the main material that forms the gelling strength. When it comes into contact with water, it undergoes a hydration reaction to generate magnesium hydroxide, which then reacts with the blending components to generate a high-strength gel.

[0062] (2) Blending component, accounting for 15% of the total dry mass. Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4·7H2O) is selected, with an industrial grade purity of not less than 98%. Its function is to react with magnesium oxide to form magnesium sulfate cement stone, and the main hydration product is basic magnesium sulfate crystals. The water solubility of this crystal is significantly lower than that of magnesium chloride cement hydration products, giving the hardened body intrinsic water resistance in long-term fresh water immersion environment, without the need for additional water-resistant modifiers;

[0063] (3) Setting agent, accounting for 2% of the total dry material mass. Citric acid is selected. Its function is to form a complex with magnesium ions, regulate the hydration reaction rate, extend the time that the billet maintains its plasticity in a sealed state, and provide sufficient working window for on-site cutting and laying;

[0064] (4) Filler component, accounting for 25% of the total dry mass. Granite powder is selected, with a fineness of no more than 5% residue on a 300-mesh sieve. The function of the filler is to fill the pores inside the cementitious material, increase the density, and keep the material similar to that of block 4 to ensure the compatibility of the cementing interface;

[0065] (5) Plasticizing and water-retaining components, accounting for 8% of the total dry material mass. Pregelatinized glutinous rice starch is selected. Its function is to give the blank good plasticity and thixotropy, making it like putty, which is easy to knead, deform and cut, while locking in internal moisture to ensure that the gelling material has enough time to complete the hydration reaction.

[0066] Based on the above proportions, the manufacturing process of the hydraulic plastic preform 7 in this example is as follows:

[0067] The above-mentioned gelling components, blending components, setting-regulating components, filler components, plasticizing and water-retaining components are mixed evenly in proportion to form a dry material for later use.

[0068] Add 20% magnesium sulfate aqueous solution of the total dry material mass, and control the mass concentration to 20%. Knead and stir to make a moist, loose but plastic semi-dry material. The moisture content of the semi-dry material is controlled at 18%. It is soft and malleable to the touch, not sticky, and has the shape of putty. It can be easily cut by simple tools such as steel wire and iron wire.

[0069] The semi-dry material is pressed into block-shaped hydraulic plastic preforms 7 using a molding die, which are then shipped as finished products. A typical specification is a cuboid block with a length of 400mm × width of 300mm × height of 200mm, but other specifications can also be made according to transportation and construction needs. After being manufactured, the hydraulic plastic preforms 7 are immediately sealed and packaged with a sealing film 8. The sealing film 8 is preferably an aluminum foil composite film or a thick polyethylene film, and its function is to prevent premature hardening caused by moisture evaporation and air contact.

[0070] In this example, the sealed, packaged block is individually placed in a rigid plastic turnover box 6. Each box contains one block, facilitating storage, transportation, and on-site retrieval. The turnover box 6 is recyclable.

[0071] The block-shaped material packaged in the sealed film 8 and loaded in the rigid plastic turnover box 6 constitutes the complete product form of the hydraulic plastic blank 7.

[0072] The riprap revetment structure described in this example also incorporates flexible cable straps 9 wrapped around the riprap 4 to form an integral structure. These flexible cable straps 9 are ropes or strips woven from basalt fiber yarns, with a width of 30mm–50mm, a thickness of 1–3mm, and a tensile strength of not less than 800MPa. Basalt fiber is made from natural volcanic rock through high-temperature melting and drawing, possessing characteristics such as resistance to acid and alkali corrosion, resistance to ultraviolet aging, high tensile strength, and a thermal expansion coefficient similar to that of rock, allowing it to maintain its mechanical properties over a long period in the revetment's service environment.

[0073] The flexible cable 9 is used in conjunction with the hydraulic plastic blank 7 sheet during construction, winding around adjacent stones 4 in an "S" or "8" shaped path to form a spatial network constraint. The middle section of the flexible cable 9 is clamped between the consolidation sheet 3 and the stone 4. After the blank hardens, the flexible cable 9, as a tensile reinforcing phase, together with the hardened cementitious body, constitutes a reinforced composite material system.

[0074] The synergistic mechanism of the hydraulic plastic blank 7 and the flexible cable 9 in the revetment structure is as follows: after the consolidation sheet 3 hardens between the contact surfaces of the boulders 4, it provides compressive strength and bonding strength, consolidating the discrete boulders 4 into a whole; the flexible cable 9 is wound between the boulders 4 along a predetermined path, providing tensile strength reserves. When the ship's waves generate a "suction-discharge" effect, the cable 7 bears the tensile force and restricts the displacement of the boulders 4, while the blank cementitious body bears the compressive force and transmits the load. The two work together to form a "compression-tension" dual-element force system, giving the revetment structure the toughness to resist cyclic loads.

[0075] like Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment also provides a construction method for the above-mentioned riprap revetment structure, including the following steps: raw material preparation and supply, slope filter layer preparation, on-site preparation of riprap and raw materials, riprap masonry and laying of consolidation plates 3, cable wrapping, layer-by-layer masonry, natural activation and hardening, as detailed below:

[0076] The preparation and supply of the billet refers to the preparation of hydraulic plastic billet 7 in the factory according to the designed proportions. Lightly calcined magnesium oxide powder, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, citric acid, granite powder, pregelatinized glutinous rice starch, and other powders are mixed evenly, and then a 25% magnesium sulfate aqueous solution is added. The mixture is stirred in a kneader for 15 minutes to produce a semi-dry material. The semi-dry material is pressed into block-shaped hydraulic plastic billet 7 in a mold, sealed with a sealing film 8, packed into a rigid plastic turnover box 6, and transported to the construction site.

[0077] The preparation of the bank slope filter layer 2 refers to cleaning the bank slope on one side of the water body 5, removing loose boulders 4, replenishing the missing graded filter layer 2, and leveling it. The filter layer 2 adopts a two-layer structure: the lower layer is crushed stone with a particle size of 10mm to 30mm and a thickness of 150mm; the upper layer is gravel with a particle size of 5mm to 10mm and a thickness of 100mm.

[0078] The preparation of the boulders and blanks on site refers to the construction personnel manually sorting and removing surface debris from the boulders 4 on the construction site, taking out the sealed packaging blanks from the rigid plastic turnover box 6, removing the sealing film 8, and preparing the tools for cutting the blanks.

[0079] The aforementioned boulder masonry and consolidation plate 3 laying refers to the construction workers laying boulders 4 on top of the filter layer 2, and simultaneously cutting consolidation plates 3 of the required thickness and width from the blank blocks using tools such as wire saws, according to the size of the contact surface and the thickness of the gaps between the laid boulders 4. The thickness of the consolidation plates 3 is determined according to the size of the gaps between the boulders 4, and is usually 5-10 mm;

[0080] The cut consolidation sheet 3 is directly laid between the contact surfaces of adjacent stones 4. Before it gets wet, the sheet remains soft and malleable. Under the weight of the stone 4 and the action of hammering and compaction, it can fully conform to the irregular contact surfaces of the stone 4, achieving flexible interlocking between the stones 4. That is, the stones 4 are interlocked with each other through the deformable plastic consolidation sheet 3, making close contact and fully conforming.

[0081] The remaining blanks after cutting can be wrapped again with sealing film 8 for later use;

[0082] The aforementioned cable wrapping refers to the use of flexible cable 9 to wrap adjacent stones 4 during the construction of the rubble blocks 4 and the laying of the consolidation plates 3, such as... Figure 5 As shown. The winding path 10 is as follows: the cable is wound around the surface of the stone block 4, which can be wound 1 or more times, then the consolidation plate 3 is laid, and finally the adjacent horizontal stones 4 are built; after the lower stones 402 of the next layer are built, the cable can continue to be wound on the upper stones 401 of the adjacent upper layer, or the cable can be wound every 1 to 2 layers to form interlayer constraints, such as Figure 6 As shown;

[0083] The layer-by-layer masonry refers to the revetment structure requiring at least one layer of rubble blocks 4 according to design requirements. After completing the lower layer of rubble blocks 402, the upper layer of rubble blocks 401 is laid from the toe to the top of the slope. Thin slices are cut from the raw material blocks and laid on the horizontal contact surface between the upper and lower layers of rubble blocks 4. Layered and staggered masonry is used to avoid continuous vertical joints between layers. After each layer is completed, the stability of the rubble blocks 4 is checked, and any gaps are filled with crushed stones and wedged tightly. In areas with strong wave action, such as areas with fluctuating water levels, thicker slices can be cut and laid to achieve a stronger consolidation effect. Simultaneously, after each layer or every other layer of rubble blocks 4 is laid, cable wrapping is performed to form a horizontal and vertical interlaced spatial grid constraint.

[0084] The aforementioned natural activation and hardening refers to the process where, after all the paving stones 4 are laid, no watering is required for curing. Under the natural rise and fall of the reservoir water level, rainfall, or capillary action, ambient water is introduced into the gaps between the paving stones 4. The hydraulic plastic sheets are activated upon contact with water, initiating a hydration reaction. Initial strength is achieved within 2 days, and the design strength is reached in 28 days. The hardened cementitious material forms a strong bond with the interface of the paving stones 4. The cable straps and the hardened cementitious material together constitute a reinforcing system, transforming the granular paving stone group into a resilient, integral load-bearing structure.

[0085] Example 2:

[0086] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that:

[0087] The gelling component accounts for 55% of the total dry mass;

[0088] The blending component comprises 18% of the total dry weight;

[0089] The setting-regulating component accounts for 1% of the total dry weight;

[0090] The filler component accounts for 20% of the total dry material mass;

[0091] The plasticized water-retaining component accounts for 6% of the total dry material mass;

[0092] The setting-regulating component is sodium citrate; the filler component is basalt powder; and the plasticizing and water-retaining component is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether.

[0093] After the above components are mixed evenly in proportion, magnesium sulfate aqueous solution accounting for 25% of the total mass of dry material is added, with the mass concentration controlled at 30%. After kneading and stirring, a moist, loose but plastic semi-dry material is prepared, with the moisture content of the semi-dry material controlled at 20%.

[0094] Example 3:

[0095] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that:

[0096] The gelling component accounts for 54% of the total dry mass;

[0097] The blending component accounts for 17% of the total dry weight;

[0098] The setting-regulating component accounts for 0.5% of the total dry weight;

[0099] The filler component accounts for 24% of the total dry mass;

[0100] The plasticized water-retaining component accounts for 4.5% of the total dry mass;

[0101] The setting-regulating component is citric acid; the filler component is basalt powder; and the plasticizing and water-retaining component is pregelatinized glutinous rice starch.

[0102] After the above components are mixed evenly in proportion, magnesium sulfate aqueous solution accounting for 15% of the total mass of dry material is added, with the mass concentration controlled at 23%. After kneading and stirring, a moist, loose but plastic semi-dry material is prepared, with the moisture content of the semi-dry material controlled at 22%.

[0103] Example 4:

[0104] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that:

[0105] The gelling component accounts for 52% of the total dry mass;

[0106] The blending component comprises 15.5% of the total dry weight;

[0107] The setting-regulating component accounts for 1.5% of the total dry weight;

[0108] The filler component accounts for 23% of the total dry mass;

[0109] The plasticized water-retaining component accounts for 7% of the total dry material mass;

[0110] The setting-regulating component is sodium citrate; the filler component is granite powder; and the plasticizing and water-retaining component is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether.

[0111] After the above components are mixed evenly in proportion, magnesium sulfate aqueous solution accounting for 18% of the total mass of dry material is added, with the mass concentration controlled at 25%. After kneading and stirring, a moist, loose but plastic semi-dry material is prepared. The moisture content of the semi-dry material is controlled at 25%.

[0112] Example 5:

[0113] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that:

[0114] The gelling component accounts for 52% of the total dry mass;

[0115] The blending component comprises 18% of the total dry weight;

[0116] The setting and coagulation regulator accounts for 2% of the total dry weight.

[0117] The filler component accounts for 24% of the total dry mass;

[0118] The plasticized water-retaining component accounts for 4% of the total dry mass;

[0119] The setting-regulating component is sodium citrate; the filler component is basalt powder; and the plasticizing and water-retaining component is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether.

[0120] After the above components are mixed evenly in proportion, magnesium sulfate aqueous solution accounting for 22% of the total mass of dry material is added, with the mass concentration controlled at 27%. After kneading and stirring, a moist, loose but plastic semi-dry material is prepared, with the moisture content of the semi-dry material controlled at 15%.

[0121] Application example:

[0122] A channel revetment reinforcement project in the Three Gorges Reservoir area originally consisted of dry-laid rubble masonry (4) with rubble diameters of 300-500mm, a slope of 1:2, and a water level fluctuation zone height range of 5m. Due to the long-term effects of ship waves, some rubble masonry (4) became loose and partially subsided. The project employed the hydraulically hardened plastic blank (7) described in this invention, along with flexible cable straps (9), to re-lay the rubble, achieving reinforcement. The construction steps are as follows:

[0123] Step 1: Billet Preparation and Supply

[0124] Hydraulic plastic blank 7 was prepared according to the following proportions: 48% lightly calcined magnesium oxide powder (active magnesium oxide content 62%), 14% magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 1% citric acid, 24% granite powder (300 mesh), 5% pregelatinized glutinous rice starch, and 8% fly ash;

[0125] After the above powders are mixed evenly, add a 20% magnesium sulfate aqueous solution (25% concentration) based on the total dry weight of the powder. Stir in a kneader for 15 minutes to produce a semi-dry material with a moisture content of approximately 20%. The semi-dry material has a clay-like consistency, is soft and malleable, and does not stick to the hands.

[0126] The semi-dry material is pressed into rectangular blocks with dimensions of 400mm long × 300mm wide × 200mm high in a mold. Each block is sealed with aluminum foil composite film and placed into a matching rigid plastic turnover box 6, one block per box. The turnover boxes 6 are then stacked and transported to the construction site.

[0127] Step 2: Preparation of the bank slope filter layer 2

[0128] Clean the revetment slope on one side of water body 5 and remove loose boulders 4. Replenish the missing graded filter layer 2 and level it. The lower layer of filter layer 2 consists of crushed stone with a particle size of 10-30mm and a thickness of 150mm, while the upper layer consists of gravel with a particle size of 5-10mm and a thickness of 100mm.

[0129] Step 3: Preparation of 4 Block Stones and Raw Materials

[0130] The boulders 4 at the construction site are manually sorted and surface debris is removed. The sealed blank blocks are taken out of the rigid plastic turnover boxes 6, the sealing film 8 is removed, and a wire saw for cutting the blanks is prepared. At the same time, basalt fiber tape with a width of 30mm and a thickness of 2mm is prepared as flexible cable tape 9, and prepared in sections of 20m each.

[0131] Step 4: Laying of 4-block stones and laying of 3-bonding slabs

[0132] On the back filter layer 2, the blocks 4 are laid. At the same time, according to the size of the contact surface and the thickness of the gap of the blocks 4, the required thickness and width of the consolidation plate 3 are cut from the blank block with a wire saw. The cut consolidation plate 3 is directly laid between the contact surfaces of adjacent blocks 4.

[0133] After placing the consolidation plate 3, the stone block 4 is compacted by hammering. Under the pressure of hammering, the consolidation plate 3 adheres to the irregular surface of the stone block 4, achieving flexible interlocking between the stone blocks 4.

[0134] The remaining blank after cutting remains in a plastic state and is re-wrapped in sealing film 8 for later use.

[0135] Step 5: Cable wrapping

[0136] During the laying of boulders 4 and consolidation plates 3, basalt fiber ropes with a width of 30mm are used to wrap adjacent boulders 4 in an "S" or "8" shape. Flexible cable 9 is embedded into the vertical seam where consolidation plates 3 have been laid. The head and tail of the flexible cable 9 are inserted into the adjacent vertical seam and covered and clamped by the subsequently laid consolidation plates 3.

[0137] Step Six: Laying bricks layer by layer

[0138] According to the design requirements, at least one layer of rubble 4 is needed for the revetment structure. After completing the next layer, continue laying the next layer of rubble 4 from the toe to the top of the slope. Thin slices are cut from the raw material blocks and laid on the horizontal contact surface between the upper and lower layers of rubble 4. Layered staggered construction is used to avoid continuous vertical joints between layers. After each layer of rubble 4 is laid, cable ties are wrapped around it, ultimately forming a spatial grid constraint that is both horizontal and vertical. After each layer is completed, the stability of the rubble 4 is checked, and any gaps are filled with crushed stones and wedged tightly.

[0139] Step Seven: Natural Activation and Hardening

[0140] After all the riprap 4 is laid, no watering is performed for curing. The natural rise and fall of the water level in the reservoir 5 allows river water to seep into the gaps on the surface of the riprap 4, contacting the plastic consolidation sheet 3 laid on the contact surface. Upon contact with water, the consolidation sheet 3 activates a hydration reaction, forming initial strength within 2 days and reaching the design bonding strength in 28 days. After 60 days, a stable bond is formed between the cemented body and the riprap 4, and the cable straps and the hardened cemented body together constitute a reinforcement system, significantly enhancing the overall toughness of the revetment structure.

[0141] In summary, this invention provides a riprap revetment structure and its construction method based on the synergistic reinforcement of plastic blanks and flexible cable straps. By employing a magnesium oxysulfate cementing system, it possesses intrinsic water resistance. The blanks are in a semi-dry, plastic state at the factory and can be cut into thin sheets of the required thickness on-site and laid between the contact surfaces of the riprap. During construction, the plasticity of the blanks is used to achieve flexible interlocking between the riprap, while flexible cable straps are wrapped around the riprap to form a spatial network constraint. During service, the blanks harden upon contact with water, forming a dual-force system of "compression-tensile" together with the cable straps. This significantly improves the bonding strength and overall toughness between the riprap without completely blocking the gaps between them or changing the ecological function of the dry-laid revetment, effectively resisting the "absorption-discharge" damage caused by ship waves.

[0142] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Those skilled in the art, under the guidance of the present invention, can make various similar representations without departing from the spirit and claims of the present invention, and such modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A riprap revetment structure based on the synergistic reinforcement of plastic billet and flexible cable straps, comprising a filter layer (2) laid on the slope soil (1), characterized in that, At least one layer of boulders (4) is laid on the filter layer (2). A binding plate (3) is provided between the upper and lower layers of boulders (4) and / or between adjacent boulders (4) in each layer. The binding plate (3) is used to bind adjacent boulders (4) together after contact with ambient water. The consolidated sheet (3) is cut from a hydraulic plastic preform (7), the dry material of which comprises the following components by mass percentage: The gelling component accounts for 40% to 55% of the total dry mass; The blending components comprise 10% to 18% of the total dry weight. The setting and coagulation modifier accounts for 0.5% to 2% of the total dry weight. The filler component accounts for 15% to 25% of the total dry mass; Plasticized water-retaining components account for 3% to 8% of the total dry weight.

2. The riprap revetment structure based on the synergistic reinforcement of plastic blank and flexible cable straps according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gelling component is lightly calcined magnesium oxide powder; the blending component is magnesium sulfate heptahydrate; the setting and regulating component is citric acid or sodium citrate; the filler component is granite powder or basalt powder; and the plasticizing and water-retaining component is pregelatinized glutinous rice starch or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether.

3. The riprap revetment structure based on the synergistic reinforcement of plastic blank and flexible cable straps according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lightly calcined magnesium oxide powder contains no less than 60% active magnesium oxide and has a fineness of no more than 5% residue on a 200-mesh sieve. The fineness of the granite powder or basalt powder is such that the residue on a 300-mesh sieve is no more than 5%.

4. The riprap revetment structure based on the synergistic reinforcement of plastic blank and flexible cable straps according to claim 1, characterized in that, The manufacturing process of the hydraulic plastic preform (7) is as follows: Mix the gelling components, blending components, setting modifiers, filler components, and plasticizing water-retaining components in a specific ratio to form a dry material. Add magnesium sulfate aqueous solution and stir to prepare a semi-dry material with a moisture content of 15% to 25%; The semi-dry material is pressed into a block shape using a molding die, and then sealed and packaged with a sealing film.

5. The riprap revetment structure based on the synergistic reinforcement of plastic blank and flexible cable straps according to claim 4, characterized in that, The magnesium sulfate aqueous solution accounts for 15% to 25% of the total mass of the dry material, and has a mass concentration of 20% to 30%.

6. The riprap revetment structure based on the synergistic reinforcement of plastic blank and flexible cable straps according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sealing film is selected from aluminum foil composite film or polyethylene film.

7. The riprap revetment structure based on the synergistic reinforcement of plastic blank and flexible cable straps according to claim 1, characterized in that, Flexible cable straps (9) are also used to wrap between the stones (4) to form an integral structure.

8. The riprap revetment structure based on the synergistic reinforcement of plastic blank and flexible cable straps according to claim 7, characterized in that, The flexible cable (9) is wrapped in an S-shaped or figure-eight-shaped path between adjacent stones (4) to form a spatial network constraint.

9. The riprap revetment structure based on the synergistic reinforcement of plastic blank and flexible cable straps according to claim 7, characterized in that, The flexible cable (9) is a rope or belt woven from basalt fiber yarn, with a width of 30mm to 50mm, a thickness of 1 to 3mm, and a tensile strength of not less than 800MPa.

10. A construction method for a riprap revetment structure based on the synergistic reinforcement of plastic blank and flexible cable straps as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Billet preparation and supply: Hydraulic plastic billets are prepared in the factory according to the design ratio (7); Slope reverse filter layer (2) preparation: clean the slope surface of the revetment and lay the reverse filter layer (2); Preparation of boulders (4) and billet on site: Construction workers manually sort and remove surface debris from the boulders (4) on the construction site, take out the sealed packaged hydraulic plastic billet (7) blocks, remove the sealing film, and prepare the tools for cutting the hydraulic plastic billet (7). Stone (4) masonry and consolidation plate (3) laying: The construction workers lay stone (4) on the filter layer (2), and cut consolidation plates (3) of the required thickness and width according to the size of the contact surface and the thickness of the gap of the stone (4) laid. The cut consolidation plates (3) are laid between the contact surfaces of adjacent stone (4) so ​​that the stone (4) and the consolidation plates (3) are in close contact. Flexible cable (9) wrapping: During the construction of boulders (4) and the laying of the consolidation plates (3), flexible cable (9) is used to wrap the adjacent boulders (4); Layer by layer masonry: After the current layer is laid, continue to lay the next layer of rubble (4) from the foot of the slope to the top of the slope until the design requirements are met, and lay the consolidation plate (3) on the horizontal contact surface between the upper and lower layers of rubble (4), and at least once wrap the rubble with cable after each layer or every other layer of rubble (4) is laid. Natural activation and hardening: After all the stones (4) are laid, they will be naturally activated and hardened to the designed strength.

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