A power generation and liquid cooling coupled system for a supercomputing center and a control method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a power generation and liquid cooling coupled system for a wisdom calculation center and a control method thereof, and contains a compression module, a power generation module, a liquid cooling module and a storage module. The inlet of the compression module is connected with an atmospheric environment, and the exhaust of the compression module is input into the power generation module. The power generation module continuously and stably generates power to supply a server cabinet, the compression module and the liquid cooling module. The liquid cooling module absorbs heat dissipation of the server cabinet and the compression module. The storage module is used for flexibly storing or supplementing the exhaust of the compression module. Through the integrated power generation and liquid cooling coupled system, the application solves the problems of continuous reliability, rapid response, economic energy saving and heat dissipation of power supply for the wisdom calculation center.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a power generation and liquid cooling coupling system and its control method, particularly a power generation and liquid cooling coupling system and its control method for intelligent computing centers, belonging to the field of energy management technology for intelligent computing centers. Background Technology

[0002] The development of artificial intelligence requires the support of large-scale computing centers. With the continuous increase in server integration and the significant rise in chip power density, the energy consumption of AI computing centers (intelligent computing centers) has become enormous, and air cooling is insufficient, necessitating the extensive use of liquid cooling. Simultaneously, intelligent computing centers require continuous, reliable, and large-scale power supply and cooling 24 / 7, 365 days a year. Newly built intelligent computing centers need to incorporate their own power generation facilities, such as self-contained gas turbine generators or direct connection to renewable energy sources. New energy management solutions have become a rigid requirement for the development of intelligent computing centers. Traditional energy management separates power supply and cooling systems, lacking collaborative and shared mechanisms. High-reliability power supply and cooling are indispensable for intelligent computing centers; integrated management of both improves reliability, response speed, and reduces costs. In particular, for intelligent computing centers with their own power generation facilities, a comprehensive energy management solution for the power generation and liquid cooling systems is of great significance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a power generation and liquid cooling coupling system and its control method for intelligent computing centers, so as to solve the problems of power supply and heat dissipation of intelligent computing centers that are continuous, reliable, responsive and energy-efficient.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A power generation and liquid cooling coupling system for a smart computing center includes a compressor module, a power generation module, a liquid cooling module, and a storage module. The inlet of the compressor module is connected to the atmospheric environment, and the exhaust gas from the compressor module is input to the power generation module. The power generation module continuously and stably generates electricity to supply the server rack, the compressor module, and the liquid cooling module. The liquid cooling module absorbs the heat dissipation from the server rack and the compressor module. The storage module is used to flexibly store or replenish the exhaust gas from the compressor module.

[0006] Furthermore, the compressor module includes several parallel compressor rows, a first manifold, a first distributor, a heat storage heat exchanger, a hot tank, a cold tank, a reheat heat exchanger, and a control valve. The outlets of the several compressor rows are connected to the inlet of the first manifold, the outlet of the first manifold is connected to the inlet of the first distributor, the outlet of the first distributor is connected to the high-temperature inlet of the power generation module and the heat storage heat exchanger, the high-temperature outlet of the heat storage heat exchanger is connected to the storage module and one end of the control valve, the other end of the control valve is connected to the low-temperature inlet of the reheat heat exchanger, the low-temperature outlet of the reheat heat exchanger is connected to the power generation module, the outlet of the cold tank is connected to the low-temperature inlet of the heat storage heat exchanger, the low-temperature outlet of the heat storage heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the hot tank, the outlet of the hot tank is connected to the high-temperature inlet of the reheat heat exchanger, and the high-temperature outlet of the reheat heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the cold tank.

[0007] Furthermore, the compression column includes an intercooled air compressor, an aftercooler, and an intercooled air compressor. The inlet of the intercooled air compressor is connected to the atmospheric environment, the outlet of the intercooled air compressor is connected to the inlet of the aftercooler, the outlet of the aftercooler is connected to the inlet of the intercooled air compressor, and the outlet of the intercooled air compressor is connected to the inlet of the first manifold.

[0008] Furthermore, the intercooled air compressor adopts a two-stage or multi-stage staged compression with intermediate cooling, while the non-intercooled air compressor adopts a single-stage or staged compression without intermediate cooling.

[0009] Furthermore, the power generation module includes a second combiner, a thermal storage heater, a combustion chamber, a gas turbine, and a regenerator. The inlet of the second combiner is connected to the compressor module, and the outlet of the second combiner is connected to the low-temperature side inlet of the regenerator. The inlet of the thermal storage heater is connected to the low-temperature side outlet of the regenerator, and the outlet of the thermal storage heater is connected to the inlet of the combustion chamber. The outlet of the combustion chamber is connected to the inlet of the gas turbine, and the outlet of the gas turbine is connected to the high-temperature side inlet of the regenerator. The high-temperature side outlet of the regenerator is connected to the atmospheric environment.

[0010] Furthermore, the gas turbine power generation is combined with the new energy power generation, and the thermal storage heater has an electrical interface for inputting excess power from the new energy power generation and the gas turbine power generation and converting the power into heat for thermal storage.

[0011] Furthermore, the liquid cooling module includes a cooler, a return pump, a cooling pump, a storage tank, a primary pump, a cooling capacity distribution unit, a third manifold, and a second distributor. The outlet of the cooler is connected to the inlet of the return pump, the outlet of the return pump is connected to the inlet of the cooling pump and the bottom of the storage tank, the outlet of the cooling pump is connected to the coolant inlet of the compressor module, the coolant outlet of the compressor module is connected to the inlet of the cooler, the inlet of the primary pump is connected to the bottom of the storage tank, the outlet of the primary pump is connected to the low-temperature side inlet of the cooling capacity distribution unit, the low-temperature side outlet of the cooling capacity distribution unit is connected to the top of the storage tank and the inlet of the second distributor, the outlet of the second distributor is connected to the storage module and the inlet of the third manifold, the outlet of the third manifold is connected to the inlet of the cooler, and the storage tank is used to store liquid refrigerant.

[0012] Furthermore, the cooling capacity distribution unit includes an evaporator and a secondary pump. The low-temperature side inlet of the evaporator is connected to the outlet of the primary pump, the low-temperature side outlet of the evaporator is connected to the top of the liquid storage tank and the inlet of the second distributor, the high-temperature side outlet of the evaporator is connected to the inlet of the secondary pump, the outlet of the secondary pump is connected to the liquid cooling pipeline inlet of the server rack, and the liquid cooling pipeline outlet of the server rack is connected to the high-temperature side inlet of the evaporator. The secondary pump is used to deliver coolant.

[0013] Furthermore, the storage module includes a gas tank, an air injection / collection pipe, a refrigerant injection / collection pipe, a pressurizing and heating unit, and a pressure reducing unit. The internal structure of the gas tank consists of a variable-volume inner cavity, a variable-volume outer cavity, and a buffer membrane. The variable-volume inner cavity is used to store compressed air, and the variable-volume outer cavity is used to store gaseous refrigerant. The buffer membrane separates the variable-volume inner cavity and the variable-volume outer cavity. One end of the air injection / collection pipe is connected to the compressed air module, and the other end of the air injection / collection pipe is connected to the variable-volume inner cavity. One end of the refrigerant injection / collection pipe is connected to the outlet of the pressurizing and heating unit and the inlet of the pressure reducing unit, and the other end of the refrigerant injection / collection pipe is connected to the variable-volume outer cavity. The inlet of the pressurizing and heating unit is connected to the liquid cooling module, and the outlet of the pressure reducing unit is connected to the liquid cooling module.

[0014] A control method for a power generation and liquid cooling coupled system for a smart computing center includes the following steps: The intelligent computing center operates under medium load conditions, with a load rate of 40%–70%. The gas supply to the compressor module is controlled to equal the rated gas demand of the power generation module. The compressor module operates a portion of the compression train, and the total operating power of the compression train is controlled at medium power. The exhaust gas from the compressor module is preheated in the regenerator of the power generation module, further heated by the thermal storage heater, and then input into the combustion chamber to form high-temperature gas. This gas is then input into the gas turbine to generate electricity at rated power. Waste heat from the gas turbine exhaust is recovered through the regenerator. The electricity generated by the gas turbine, along with renewable energy, supplies power to the server racks, compressor module, and liquid cooling module. The heat dissipation of the server racks is absorbed by the coolant output from the secondary pump. The coolant then releases heat through the evaporator to the refrigerant output from the primary pump, causing it to vaporize. The gaseous refrigerant is input into the cooler for liquefaction, and then input into the storage tank via the return pump. The refrigerant output from the cooling pump is input into the indirect air compressor and aftercooler to absorb compression heat and vaporize, then returns to the cooler for liquefaction. The storage module remains stationary. The intelligent computing center operates under low load conditions, with a load rate of <40%. The air supply to the compressor module is controlled to exceed the rated air demand of the generator module. The compressor module operates part or all of its compression trains, and the total operating power of the compression trains is controlled to be at high power. One stream of exhaust from the compressor module is fed into the heat storage exchanger. The cold tank outputs the heat storage medium, which absorbs the heat of compression in the heat storage exchanger and is then stored in the hot tank. The compressed air output from the heat storage exchanger enters the variable-volume inner cavity of the storage tank. The buffer membrane expands under the force of the compressed air, pushing the refrigerant in the variable-volume outer cavity to the pressure reducer. The refrigerant is liquefied by the cooler and then pumped back into the storage tank via the return pump. The other stream of exhaust from the compressor module... The gas required by the power generation module is preheated by the regenerator, then further heated by the thermal storage heater, and then fed into the combustion chamber to form high-temperature gas. The gas is fed into the gas turbine to generate electricity at its rated power. The exhaust heat of the gas turbine is recovered through the regenerator. The electricity generated by the gas turbine, together with the new energy power, supplies the server rack, the compressor module, and the liquid cooling module. The heat dissipation of the server rack is absorbed by the coolant output by the secondary pump. The coolant then releases heat through the evaporator to the refrigerant output by the primary pump and vaporizes it. The gaseous refrigerant is fed into the cooler to liquefy it, and then fed into the storage tank through the return pump. The refrigerant output by the cooling pump is fed into the indirect air compressor and aftercooler to absorb the heat of compression and vaporize it, and then returns to the cooler to liquefy it. The intelligent computing center operates under high load conditions, with a load rate >70%. The air supply from the compressor module is controlled to be less than the rated air demand of the power generation module. Partial or complete shutdown of the compressor train is implemented, and the total operating power of the compressor train is kept low. The exhaust from the compressor module is input to the power generation module. Compressed air output from the variable-volume inner cavity of the storage tank is regulated by a control valve and enters the reheat heat exchanger before being input to the power generation module. The hot tank outputs a heat storage medium, which absorbs heat from the heat storage medium through the reheat heat exchanger and is then input into the cold tank for storage. The buffer membrane contracts, and the variable-volume outer cavity receives refrigerant from the pressurizer and heater. The exhaust output from the compressor and storage modules equals the rated air demand of the power generation module. This exhaust is preheated in the regenerator of the power generation module, further heated by the heat storage heater, and then input into the combustion chamber to form high-temperature gas. This gas is input into the gas turbine to generate electricity at its rated power. Waste heat from the gas turbine exhaust is recovered through the regenerator. The electricity generated by the gas turbine, along with new energy power, supplies the server racks, compressor modules, and liquid cooling modules. The heat dissipation of the server rack is absorbed by the coolant output by the secondary pump. The coolant then releases heat through the evaporator to the refrigerant output by the primary pump and causes it to vaporize. Part of it is input into the pressurizer and heater, and the other part is input into the cooler to liquefy. It is then input into the storage tank through the return pump. The refrigerant output by the cooling pump is input into the indirect air compressor and aftercooler to absorb the heat of compression and vaporize. It then returns to the cooler to liquefy. Transient conditions with rapid load reduction in the intelligent computing center: When the load of the intelligent computing center rapidly decreases, it is necessary to quickly reduce the power supply to the server racks, and use the excess power supply for other equipment; the initial second-level response adjustment method is to control the thermal storage heater, so that part of the power generated by the gas turbine is quickly input into the electrical interface of the thermal storage heater, and the electric heating power of the thermal storage heater is quickly increased; the later minute-level response adjustment method is to control the power increase of the running compressor train or to start the compressor train in the shutdown state through frequency conversion soft start. Transient conditions of rapid load increase in intelligent computing center: When the load of the intelligent computing center increases rapidly, it is necessary to quickly increase the power supply to the server rack and reduce the power supply to other equipment. The initial second-level response adjustment method is to control the running compressor column, so that one or more columns can be stopped quickly, and the control valve can be opened quickly to release the compressed air from the storage module to supply the power generation module. The later minute-level response adjustment includes continuing to reduce the power of the compressor column, increasing the power of the primary pump, and starting the pressurization and heating device to replenish the refrigerant gas to the storage module.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following advantages and effects: This invention provides a power generation and liquid cooling coupling system and its control method for intelligent computing centers, which can keep the combustion chamber and gas turbine in a stable, user-friendly, and optimal working state, reduce the failure probability of high-temperature hot-end components, extend maintenance cycles and service life, thereby ensuring continuous and reliable power generation; at the same time, this invention comprehensively utilizes the adjustment capabilities of the compressor module, power generation module, liquid cooling module and storage module to control the system load to adjust rapidly, meet the needs of rapid response, and control the system to meet the power generation and cooling operation required for high, medium and low load operation of intelligent computing centers; this invention can also combine gas turbine power generation with new energy power generation, and some fluctuating fragmented new energy power can be input into the thermal storage heater to avoid power waste. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a power generation and liquid cooling coupling system for a smart computing center according to the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the working state of a control method for a power generation and liquid cooling coupling system for an intelligent computing center according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To illustrate in detail the technical solutions adopted by the present invention to achieve the intended technical objectives, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Furthermore, the technical means or technical features in the embodiments of the present invention can be replaced without creative effort. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention discloses a power generation and liquid cooling coupling system for an intelligent computing center, comprising a compressor module, a power generation module, a liquid cooling module, and a storage module. The inlet of the compressor module is connected to the atmospheric environment, and the exhaust gas from the compressor module is input to the power generation module. The power generation module continuously and stably generates electricity to supply the server rack, the compressor module, and the liquid cooling module. The liquid cooling module absorbs heat dissipation from the server rack and the compressor module. The storage module is used to flexibly store or replenish the exhaust gas from the compressor module. The intelligent computing center is configured with several sets of the aforementioned power generation and liquid cooling coupling system, with necessary redundancy added.

[0020] The compressor module comprises several parallel compressor rows, a first manifold, a first distributor, a heat storage heat exchanger, a hot tank, a cold tank, a reheat heat exchanger, and a control valve. The outlets of the compressor rows connect to the inlet of the first manifold, the outlet of the first manifold connects to the inlet of the first distributor, the outlet of the first distributor connects to the high-temperature inlet of the power generation module and the heat storage heat exchanger, the high-temperature outlet of the heat storage heat exchanger connects to the storage module and one end of the control valve, the other end of the control valve connects to the low-temperature inlet of the reheat heat exchanger, the low-temperature outlet of the reheat heat exchanger connects to the power generation module, the outlet of the cold tank connects to the low-temperature inlet of the heat storage heat exchanger, the low-temperature outlet of the heat storage heat exchanger connects to the inlet of the hot tank, the outlet of the hot tank connects to the high-temperature inlet of the reheat heat exchanger, and the high-temperature outlet of the reheat heat exchanger connects to the inlet of the cold tank. The cold tank and the hot tank store the heat storage medium (such as water or heat transfer oil).

[0021] The compressor series includes an indirect-cooled air compressor, an aftercooler, and a non-indirect-cooled air compressor. The inlet of the indirect-cooled air compressor is connected to the atmospheric environment, the outlet of the indirect-cooled air compressor is connected to the inlet of the aftercooler, the outlet of the aftercooler is connected to the inlet of the non-indirect-cooled air compressor, and the outlet of the non-indirect-cooled air compressor is connected to the inlet of the first manifold.

[0022] Intercooled air compressors use two- or multi-stage staged compression with intermediate cooling, while non-intercooled air compressors use single-stage or staged compression without intermediate cooling.

[0023] The power generation module includes a second combiner, a thermal storage heater, a combustion chamber, a gas turbine, and a regenerator. The inlet of the second combiner connects to the inlet of the first distributor in the compressor module and the low-temperature outlet of the regenerating heat exchanger. The outlet of the second combiner connects to the low-temperature inlet of the regenerator. The inlet of the thermal storage heater connects to the low-temperature outlet of the regenerator. The outlet of the thermal storage heater connects to the inlet of the combustion chamber. The outlet of the combustion chamber connects to the inlet of the gas turbine. The outlet of the gas turbine connects to the high-temperature inlet of the regenerator. The high-temperature outlet of the regenerator connects to the atmospheric environment. The thermal storage heater has an electrical interface for inputting electricity, including surplus electricity from renewable energy generation and surplus electricity from gas turbine generation. The electricity is converted into heat and stored. The combustion chamber has a fuel interface for inputting fuel (such as natural gas, hydrogen, and other gaseous or liquid fuels).

[0024] The liquid cooling module includes a cooler, a return pump, a cooling pump, a storage tank, a primary pump, a cooling capacity distribution unit, a third manifold, and a second distributor. The cooler's outlet is connected to the return pump's inlet, the return pump's outlet is connected to the cooling pump's inlet and the bottom of the storage tank, the cooling pump's outlet is connected to the coolant inlet of the compressor module, the compressor module's coolant outlet is connected to the cooler's inlet, the primary pump's inlet is connected to the bottom of the storage tank, the primary pump's outlet is connected to the low-temperature side inlet of the cooling capacity distribution unit, the cooling capacity distribution unit's low-temperature side outlet is connected to the top of the storage tank and the second distributor's inlet, the second distributor's outlet is connected to the storage module and the third manifold's inlet, and the third manifold's outlet is connected to the cooler's inlet. The storage tank is used to store liquid refrigerant (such as R134a, R1234yf, R1243zf, etc.). Figure 1 In the diagram, A and B represent the same connection node, meaning that the cooling pump is connected at node A to the refrigerant inlet of the aftercooler of all three compression sets and the intercooled air compressor.

[0025] The cooling distribution unit includes an evaporator and a secondary pump. The low-temperature inlet of the evaporator connects to the outlet of the primary pump, and the low-temperature outlet of the evaporator connects to the top of the liquid receiver and the inlet of the second distributor. The high-temperature outlet of the evaporator connects to the inlet of the secondary pump, and the outlet of the secondary pump connects to the liquid cooling pipe inlet of the server rack. The liquid cooling pipe outlet of the server rack connects to the high-temperature inlet of the evaporator. The secondary pump is used to deliver coolant (such as water-based coolant, fluorinated liquid, or refrigerant). The storage module includes a gas tank, an air injection / collection pipe, a refrigerant injection / collection pipe, a pressurizer / heater, and a pressure reducer. The internal structure of the gas tank consists of a variable-volume inner cavity, a variable-volume outer cavity, and a buffer membrane. The variable-volume inner cavity stores compressed air, and the variable-volume outer cavity stores gaseous refrigerant. The buffer membrane separates the variable-volume inner cavity and the variable-volume outer cavity, ensuring equal pressure on both sides and allowing for volume changes by altering its shape. The volume of the gas tank can be determined based on the required charging / discharging time. The pressure of the gas tank is preferably between 0.8 MPa and 1.2 MPa, and the temperature should not be lower than the saturation temperature of the selected refrigerant. One end of the air injection / collection pipe connects to the compressed air module, and the other end connects to the variable-volume inner cavity. One end of the refrigerant injection / collection pipe connects to the outlet of the pressurizer / heater and the inlet of the pressure reducer, and the other end connects to the variable-volume outer cavity. The inlet of the pressurizer / heater connects to the outlet of the second distributor of the liquid-cooled module, and the outlet of the pressure reducer connects to the inlet of the third manifold of the liquid-cooled module.

[0026] Gas turbine power generation supplies power to the intelligent computing center via power lines, as well as power the system itself, or it can connect to external renewable energy sources for collaborative power supply.

[0027] like Figure 2 As shown, a control method for a power generation and liquid cooling coupling system in an intelligent computing center includes the following steps: The intelligent computing center operates under medium load conditions, with a load rate of 40%–70%. The gas supply to the compressor module is controlled to equal the rated gas demand of the power generation module. The compressor module operates a portion of the compression train, and the total operating power of the compression train is controlled at medium power. The exhaust gas from the compressor module is preheated in the regenerator of the power generation module, further heated by the thermal storage heater, and then input into the combustion chamber to form high-temperature gas. This gas is then input into the gas turbine to generate electricity at rated power. Waste heat from the gas turbine exhaust is recovered through the regenerator. The electricity generated by the gas turbine, along with renewable energy, supplies power to the server racks, compressor module, and liquid cooling module. The heat dissipation of the server racks is absorbed by the coolant output from the secondary pump. The coolant then releases heat through the evaporator to the refrigerant output from the primary pump, causing it to vaporize. The gaseous refrigerant is input into the cooler for liquefaction, and then input into the storage tank via the return pump. The refrigerant output from the cooling pump is input into the indirect air compressor and aftercooler to absorb compression heat and vaporize, then returns to the cooler for liquefaction. The storage module remains stationary. The intelligent computing center operates under low load conditions, with a load rate of <40%. The air supply to the compressor module is controlled to exceed the rated air demand of the generator module. The compressor module operates part or all of its compression trains, and the total operating power of the compression trains is controlled to be at high power. One stream of exhaust from the compressor module is fed into the heat storage exchanger. The cold tank outputs the heat storage medium, which absorbs the heat of compression in the heat storage exchanger and is then stored in the hot tank. The compressed air output from the heat storage exchanger enters the variable-volume inner cavity of the storage tank. The buffer membrane expands under the force of the compressed air, pushing the refrigerant in the variable-volume outer cavity to the pressure reducer. The refrigerant is liquefied by the cooler and then pumped back into the storage tank via the return pump. The other stream of exhaust from the compressor module... The gas required by the power generation module is preheated by the regenerator, then further heated by the thermal storage heater, and then fed into the combustion chamber to form high-temperature gas. The gas is fed into the gas turbine to generate electricity at its rated power. The exhaust heat of the gas turbine is recovered through the regenerator. The electricity generated by the gas turbine, together with the new energy power, supplies the server rack, the compressor module, and the liquid cooling module. The heat dissipation of the server rack is absorbed by the coolant output by the secondary pump. The coolant then releases heat through the evaporator to the refrigerant output by the primary pump and vaporizes it. The gaseous refrigerant is fed into the cooler to liquefy it, and then fed into the storage tank through the return pump. The refrigerant output by the cooling pump is fed into the indirect air compressor and aftercooler to absorb the heat of compression and vaporize it, and then returns to the cooler to liquefy it. The intelligent computing center operates under high load conditions, with a load rate >70%. The air supply from the compressor module is controlled to be less than the rated air demand of the power generation module. Partial or complete shutdown of the compressor train is implemented, and the total operating power of the compressor train is kept low. The exhaust from the compressor module is input to the power generation module. Compressed air output from the variable-volume inner cavity of the storage tank is regulated by a control valve and enters the reheat heat exchanger before being input to the power generation module. The hot tank outputs a heat storage medium, which absorbs heat from the heat storage medium through the reheat heat exchanger and is then input into the cold tank for storage. The buffer membrane contracts, and the variable-volume outer cavity receives refrigerant from the pressurizer and heater. The exhaust output from the compressor and storage modules equals the rated air demand of the power generation module. This exhaust is preheated in the regenerator of the power generation module, further heated by the heat storage heater, and then input into the combustion chamber to form high-temperature gas. This gas is input into the gas turbine to generate electricity at its rated power. Waste heat from the gas turbine exhaust is recovered through the regenerator. The electricity generated by the gas turbine, along with new energy power, supplies the server racks, compressor modules, and liquid cooling modules. The heat dissipation of the server rack is absorbed by the coolant output by the secondary pump. The coolant then releases heat through the evaporator to the refrigerant output by the primary pump and causes it to vaporize. Part of it is input into the pressurizer and heater, and the other part is input into the cooler to liquefy. It is then input into the storage tank through the return pump. The refrigerant output by the cooling pump is input into the indirect air compressor and aftercooler to absorb the heat of compression and vaporize. It then returns to the cooler to liquefy. Transient conditions with rapid load reduction in the intelligent computing center: When the load of the intelligent computing center rapidly decreases, it is necessary to quickly reduce the power supply to the server racks, and use the excess power supply for other equipment; the initial second-level response adjustment method is to control the thermal storage heater, so that part of the power generated by the gas turbine is quickly input into the electrical interface of the thermal storage heater, and the electric heating power of the thermal storage heater is quickly increased; the later minute-level response adjustment method is to control the power increase of the running compressor train or to start the compressor train in the shutdown state through frequency conversion soft start. Transient conditions of rapid load increase in intelligent computing center: When the load of the intelligent computing center increases rapidly, it is necessary to quickly increase the power supply to the server rack and reduce the power supply to other equipment. The initial second-level response adjustment method is to control the running compressor column, so that one or more columns can be stopped quickly, and the control valve can be opened quickly to release the compressed air from the storage module to supply the power generation module. The later minute-level response adjustment includes continuing to reduce the power of the compressor column, increasing the power of the primary pump, and starting the pressurization and heating device to replenish the refrigerant gas to the storage module.

[0028] The following specific embodiments, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention will be further described below.

[0029] The air compressor module comprises three compressor columns: a first compressor column, a second compressor column, and a third compressor column, with installed capacities of 5MW, 3MW, and 2MW respectively. The compressed air output from the compressor columns has a pressure of 1MPa and a temperature of 105℃. Atmospheric pressure water from the cold tank is heated to 95℃ after passing through the low-temperature side of the regenerative heat exchanger and stored in the hot tank. Compressed air from the low-temperature side outlet of the regenerative heat exchanger is heated to 85℃ by atmospheric pressure hot water transported from the hot tank to the cold tank.

[0030] The power generation module's heat storage heater is equipped with an electric heating element that can convert electricity into heat and store it. The combustion chamber uses natural gas as fuel, and the gas turbine has an installed capacity of 10MW.

[0031] The coolant pumps of the liquid cooling module, including the primary pump, return pump, and cooling pump, are supplied with refrigerant R1234yf. The refrigerant gas pressure at the cooler inlet is 0.95 MPa to 0.99 MPa, slightly lower than 1 MPa.

[0032] The gas storage module's tank pressure is 1 MPa, and the temperature is 40℃~45℃, slightly higher than the saturation temperature of R1234yf (39.3℃ / 1MPa). A pressure reducer can reduce the refrigerant gas pressure output from the variable-volume outer cavity of the gas storage tank to the refrigerant gas pressure at the cooler inlet. Before the refrigerant gas enters the variable-volume inner cavity of the gas storage tank, a pressurizing and heating device can adjust its pressure to 1 MPa and its temperature to 40℃~45℃.

[0033] Distributed renewable energy power can be provided in or around the intelligent computing center as a supplementary power source, which also helps reduce carbon emissions from the intelligent computing center.

[0034] Depending on its size and redundancy requirements, the intelligent computing center is equipped with multiple sets of the aforementioned systems to ensure its stable, continuous, and reliable operation.

[0035] When the intelligent computing center is operating under medium load, the 5MW compressor train is in operation, and the gas supply can meet the full power operation of the 10MW gas turbine. The gas turbine generates electricity and new energy power to supply the server racks, compressor modules, and liquid cooling modules. The operation of the liquid cooling modules supports the liquid cooling heat dissipation of the server racks and compressor modules accordingly, while the storage modules are in a static state.

[0036] When the intelligent computing center is operating at low load, the 5MW compressor train operates, while the 3MW and 2MW compressor trains operate at partial or full power as needed. Gas supply, besides meeting the requirements for the 10MW gas turbine operating at full power, is stored in the storage module, which then outputs refrigerant. The gas turbine generates electricity, which, along with renewable energy, supplies power to the server racks, compressor modules, and liquid cooling modules. The operation of the liquid cooling modules correspondingly supports the liquid cooling heat dissipation of the server racks and compressor modules.

[0037] When the intelligent computing center is operating under high load, the 5MW and 3MW compressor trains shut down, while the 2MW compressor train operates at partial power. The compressed air output from the storage module, along with the gas turbine's output, supplies the necessary gas for the 10MW gas turbine to operate at full power. Refrigerant is then input into the storage module. The gas turbine generates electricity, which, in conjunction with renewable energy, supplies power to the server racks, compressor modules, and liquid cooling modules. The operation of the liquid cooling modules correspondingly supports the liquid cooling heat dissipation of the server racks and compressor modules.

[0038] When the load of the intelligent computing center decreases rapidly, the circuit of the heating element of the thermal storage heater is quickly closed and the power is increased, so that the excess power is input into the electrical interface of the thermal storage heater; at the same time, the power of the running compressor train is increased, and the compressor train that is stopped is started by frequency converter soft start, and compressed air is quickly input into the air tank; then the pressure reducer is started to release the refrigerant gas in the air tank; as the power of the compressor train increases, the power of the heating element of the thermal storage heater decreases accordingly.

[0039] When the load on the intelligent computing center increases rapidly, the circuit of the heating element in the thermal storage heater is quickly disconnected, the compressor train is quickly reduced in power or shut down, and the control valve is quickly opened to release the compressed air in the storage tank. At the same time, the power of the primary and secondary pumps is rapidly increased; then the pressurization and heating unit is started, and refrigerant gas is subsequently replenished to the storage module.

[0040] Through the control method described in the above embodiments, the combustion chamber and gas turbine can achieve stable operation and maintain a full power output of 10MW and optimal power generation status.

[0041] This invention provides a power generation and liquid cooling coupling system and its control method for intelligent computing centers. It enables the combustion chamber and gas turbine to maintain stable, user-friendly, and optimal operating conditions, reducing the failure probability of high-temperature hot-end components, extending maintenance cycles and service life, thereby ensuring continuous and reliable power generation. Simultaneously, this invention comprehensively utilizes the adjustment capabilities of the compressor module, power generation module, liquid cooling module, and storage module to rapidly adjust the system load, meeting the requirements for rapid response, and controlling the system to meet the power generation and cooling operation requirements of the intelligent computing center under high, medium, and low load conditions. Furthermore, this invention can combine gas turbine power generation with renewable energy power generation; some fluctuating, fragmented renewable energy power can be input into the thermal storage heater to avoid power waste.

[0042] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made to the above embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention, based on the technical essence of the present invention and within the spirit and principles of the present invention, shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power generation and liquid cooling coupling system for intelligent computing centers, characterized in that: It includes a compressor module, a power generation module, a liquid cooling module, and a storage module. The inlet of the compressor module is connected to the atmospheric environment, and the exhaust of the compressor module is input to the power generation module. The power generation module continuously and stably generates electricity to supply the server rack, the compressor module, and the liquid cooling module. The liquid cooling module absorbs the heat dissipation of the server rack and the compressor module. The storage module is used to flexibly store or replenish the exhaust of the compressor module.

2. The power generation and liquid cooling coupling system for an intelligent computing center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compressor module includes several parallel compressor rows, a first manifold, a first distributor, a heat storage heat exchanger, a hot tank, a cold tank, a reheat heat exchanger, and a control valve. The outlets of the several compressor rows are connected to the inlet of the first manifold, the outlet of the first manifold is connected to the inlet of the first distributor, the outlet of the first distributor is connected to the power generation module and the high-temperature side inlet of the heat storage heat exchanger, the high-temperature side outlet of the heat storage heat exchanger is connected to the storage module and one end of the control valve, the other end of the control valve is connected to the low-temperature side inlet of the reheat heat exchanger, the low-temperature side outlet of the reheat heat exchanger is connected to the power generation module, the outlet of the cold tank is connected to the low-temperature side inlet of the heat storage heat exchanger, the low-temperature side outlet of the heat storage heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the hot tank, the outlet of the hot tank is connected to the high-temperature side inlet of the reheat heat exchanger, and the high-temperature side outlet of the reheat heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the cold tank.

3. The power generation and liquid cooling coupling system for an intelligent computing center according to claim 2, characterized in that: The compression train includes an intercooled air compressor, an aftercooler, and an intercooled air compressor. The inlet of the intercooled air compressor is connected to the atmospheric environment, the outlet of the intercooled air compressor is connected to the inlet of the aftercooler, the outlet of the aftercooler is connected to the inlet of the intercooled air compressor, and the outlet of the intercooled air compressor is connected to the inlet of the first manifold.

4. The power generation and liquid cooling coupling system for an intelligent computing center according to claim 3, characterized in that: The intercooled air compressor adopts a two-stage or multi-stage staged compression method with intermediate cooling, while the non-intercooled air compressor adopts a single-stage or staged compression method without intermediate cooling.

5. The power generation and liquid cooling coupling system for an intelligent computing center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power generation module includes a second combiner, a thermal storage heater, a combustion chamber, a gas turbine, and a regenerator. The inlet of the second combiner is connected to the compressor module, and the outlet of the second combiner is connected to the low-temperature side inlet of the regenerator. The inlet of the thermal storage heater is connected to the low-temperature side outlet of the regenerator, and the outlet of the thermal storage heater is connected to the inlet of the combustion chamber. The outlet of the combustion chamber is connected to the inlet of the gas turbine, and the outlet of the gas turbine is connected to the high-temperature side inlet of the regenerator. The high-temperature side outlet of the regenerator is connected to the atmospheric environment.

6. The power generation and liquid cooling coupling system for a smart computing center according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gas turbine power generation is combined with the new energy power generation, and the thermal storage heater has an electrical interface for inputting excess power from the new energy power generation and the gas turbine power generation and converting the power into heat for storage.

7. The power generation and liquid cooling coupling system for a smart computing center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid cooling module includes a cooler, a return pump, a cooling pump, a storage tank, a primary pump, a cooling capacity distribution unit, a third manifold, and a second distributor. The outlet of the cooler is connected to the inlet of the return pump, the outlet of the return pump is connected to the inlet of the cooling pump and the bottom of the storage tank, the outlet of the cooling pump is connected to the coolant inlet of the compressor module, the coolant outlet of the compressor module is connected to the inlet of the cooler, the inlet of the primary pump is connected to the bottom of the storage tank, the outlet of the primary pump is connected to the low-temperature side inlet of the cooling capacity distribution unit, the low-temperature side outlet of the cooling capacity distribution unit is connected to the top of the storage tank and the inlet of the second distributor, the outlet of the second distributor is connected to the storage module and the inlet of the third manifold, and the outlet of the third manifold is connected to the inlet of the cooler. The storage tank is used to store liquid refrigerant.

8. The power generation and liquid cooling coupling system for a smart computing center according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cooling capacity distribution unit includes an evaporator and a secondary pump. The low-temperature side inlet of the evaporator is connected to the outlet of the primary pump. The low-temperature side outlet of the evaporator is connected to the top of the liquid storage tank and the inlet of the second distributor. The high-temperature side outlet of the evaporator is connected to the inlet of the secondary pump. The outlet of the secondary pump is connected to the liquid cooling pipeline inlet of the server rack. The liquid cooling pipeline outlet of the server rack is connected to the high-temperature side inlet of the evaporator. The secondary pump is used to deliver coolant.

9. The power generation and liquid cooling coupling system for an intelligent computing center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The storage module includes a gas tank, an air injection and sampling pipe, a refrigerant injection and sampling pipe, a pressurizing and heating unit, and a pressure reducing unit. The internal structure of the gas tank consists of a variable-volume inner cavity, a variable-volume outer cavity, and a buffer membrane. The variable-volume inner cavity is used to store compressed air, and the variable-volume outer cavity is used to store gaseous refrigerant. The buffer membrane separates the variable-volume inner cavity and the variable-volume outer cavity. One end of the air injection and sampling pipe is connected to the compressed air module, and the other end is connected to the variable-volume inner cavity. One end of the refrigerant injection and sampling pipe is connected to the outlet of the pressurizing and heating unit and the inlet of the pressure reducing unit, and the other end is connected to the variable-volume outer cavity. The inlet of the pressurizing and heating unit is connected to the liquid cooling module, and the outlet of the pressure reducing unit is connected to the liquid cooling module.

10. A control method for a power generation and liquid cooling coupling system for an intelligent computing center as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: The intelligent computing center operates under medium load conditions, with a load rate of 40%–70%. The gas supply to the compressor module is controlled to equal the rated gas demand of the power generation module. The compressor module operates a portion of the compression train, and the total operating power of the compression train is controlled at medium power. The exhaust gas from the compressor module is preheated in the regenerator of the power generation module, further heated by the thermal storage heater, and then input into the combustion chamber to form high-temperature gas. This gas is then input into the gas turbine to generate electricity at rated power. Waste heat from the gas turbine exhaust is recovered through the regenerator. The electricity generated by the gas turbine, along with renewable energy, supplies power to the server racks, compressor module, and liquid cooling module. The heat dissipation of the server racks is absorbed by the coolant output from the secondary pump. The coolant then releases heat through the evaporator to the refrigerant output from the primary pump, causing it to vaporize. The gaseous refrigerant is input into the cooler for liquefaction, and then input into the storage tank via the return pump. The refrigerant output from the cooling pump is input into the indirect air compressor and aftercooler to absorb compression heat and vaporize, then returns to the cooler for liquefaction. The storage module remains stationary. The intelligent computing center operates under low load conditions, with a load rate of <40%. The air supply to the compressor module is controlled to exceed the rated air demand of the generator module. The compressor module operates part or all of its compression trains, and the total operating power of the compression trains is controlled to be at high power. One stream of exhaust from the compressor module is fed into the heat storage exchanger. The cold tank outputs the heat storage medium, which absorbs the heat of compression in the heat storage exchanger and is then stored in the hot tank. The compressed air output from the heat storage exchanger enters the variable-volume inner cavity of the storage tank. The buffer membrane expands under the force of the compressed air, pushing the refrigerant in the variable-volume outer cavity to the pressure reducer. The refrigerant is liquefied by the cooler and then pumped back into the storage tank via the return pump. The other stream of exhaust from the compressor module... The gas required by the power generation module is preheated by the regenerator, then further heated by the thermal storage heater, and then fed into the combustion chamber to form high-temperature gas. The gas is fed into the gas turbine to generate electricity at its rated power. The exhaust heat of the gas turbine is recovered through the regenerator. The electricity generated by the gas turbine, together with the new energy power, supplies the server rack, the compressor module, and the liquid cooling module. The heat dissipation of the server rack is absorbed by the coolant output by the secondary pump. The coolant then releases heat through the evaporator to the refrigerant output by the primary pump and vaporizes it. The gaseous refrigerant is fed into the cooler to liquefy it, and then fed into the storage tank through the return pump. The refrigerant output by the cooling pump is fed into the indirect air compressor and aftercooler to absorb the heat of compression and vaporize it, and then returns to the cooler to liquefy it. When the intelligent computing center operates under high load (load rate > 70%): the air supply from the compressor module is less than the rated air demand of the power generation module; the compressor module partially or completely shuts down, and the total operating power of the compressor module is kept low; the exhaust from the compressor module is input to the power generation module; compressed air output from the variable-volume inner cavity of the storage tank is regulated by a control valve and enters the reheat heat exchanger before being input to the power generation module; the hot tank outputs heat storage medium, which absorbs heat from the heat storage medium through the reheat heat exchanger and is then input into the cold tank for storage; the buffer membrane contracts, and the variable-volume outer cavity receives refrigerant from the pressurization and heating unit; the exhaust output from the compressor module and storage module equals the rated air demand of the power generation module. The gas is preheated by the regenerator of the power generation module, then further heated by the thermal storage heater, and then fed into the combustion chamber to form high-temperature gas. The gas turbine generates electricity at its rated power. The exhaust heat of the gas turbine is recovered by the regenerator. The electricity generated by the gas turbine, together with the new energy power, supplies the server rack, compressor module, and liquid cooling module. The heat dissipation of the server rack is absorbed by the coolant output by the secondary pump. The coolant then releases heat through the evaporator to the refrigerant output by the primary pump and vaporizes it. Part of it is fed into the pressurization and heating unit, and the other part is fed into the cooler for liquefaction. It is then fed into the storage tank through the return pump. The refrigerant output by the cooling pump is fed into the indirect air compressor and aftercooler to absorb the heat of compression and vaporize. It is then returned to the cooler for liquefaction. Transient conditions with rapid load reduction in the intelligent computing center: When the load of the intelligent computing center rapidly decreases, it is necessary to quickly reduce the power supply to the server racks, and use the excess power supply for other equipment; the initial second-level response adjustment method is to control the thermal storage heater, so that part of the power generated by the gas turbine is quickly input into the electrical interface of the thermal storage heater, and the electric heating power of the thermal storage heater is quickly increased; the later minute-level response adjustment method is to control the power increase of the running compressor train or to start the compressor train in the shutdown state through frequency conversion soft start. Transient conditions of rapid load increase in intelligent computing center: When the load of the intelligent computing center increases rapidly, it is necessary to quickly increase the power supply to the server rack and reduce the power supply to other equipment. The initial second-level response adjustment method is to control the running compressor column, so that one or more columns can be stopped quickly, and the control valve can be opened quickly to release the compressed air from the storage module to supply the power generation module. The later minute-level response adjustment includes continuing to reduce the power of the compressor column, increasing the power of the primary pump, and starting the pressurization and heating device to replenish the refrigerant gas to the storage module.

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